426:... He who now bears the title of king is unworthy of it, as being a bastard, and it must be evident that it is displeasing to God such a master should govern the kingdom. He is involved in endless quarrels in his dominions over the sea, being at variance not only with strangers but with his own children, and in the midst of his difficulties his own creatures desert him. He has deserved this by the crimes which are openly tallied of all over the world. He disinherited and drove out of Normandy William Werlenc, Count de Mortain, for a single word. Walter, Count de Pontoise, nephew of King Edward, and Biota his wife, being his guests at Falaise, were both his victims by poison in one and the same night. Conan, also, was taken off by poison at William's instigation; that valiant count whose death was mourned through the whole of Brittany with unutterable grief on account of his great virtues. These, and other such crimes have been perpetrated by William in the case of his own kinsfolk and relations, and he is ever ready to act the same part towards us and our peers. He has impudently usurped the glorious crown of England, iniquitously murdering the rightful heirs, or driving them into cruel banishment. He has not even rewarded according to their merits his own adherents, those by whose valour he has been raised to a pitch of eminence exceeding that of all his race. Many of these who sired their blood in his service have been treated with ingratitude, and on slight pretests have been sentenced to death, as if they were his enemies. To his victorious soldiers, covered with wounds, were allotted barren farms and domains depopulated by the ravages of war; and even these his avarice subsequently compelled them to surrender in part or in whole. These things cause him to be generally hated, and his death would be the signal for universal joy.
531:
590:
44:
250:, which comprised more than forty parishes. In England, he also inherited estates, but it is not known whether he obtained the Earldom of Norfolk immediately on his father's death. Shortly after the Norman conquest, he held large estates in Norfolk, as well as property in Suffolk, Essex, Hertford, and possibly other counties. He was named Earl of East Anglia by William I. Some accounts suggest that his service in the conquest restored lands that were already his by inheritance. This is mentioned in the Norman chronicler
383:
211:, and who briefly held the Earldom of East Anglia. Both English and French sources highlight that he had mixed ancestry, both English, and with a Breton parent, possibly his mother, that was 'Bryttisc' meaning 'British', a Breton. Other sources state that it was his father who was of Breton ancestry (although born in Norfolk), and that his mother was English. French sources state that he was a 'man of illustrious birth, descended from the Kings of the Bretons', including warrior saint King
268:
1194:"The death of Earl Waltheof was the cause of much censure on King William from many quarters, and numerous were the troubles, which by the righteous judgement of God he afterwards suffered from various attacks which never afterwards permitted him to enjoy any continuance of tranquility...In the thirteen years he afterwards lived, he never won a pitched battle, nor succeeded in taking a town he besieged. The Almighty Judge...suffering no crime to go unpunished".
1133:"At the latter end of the Confessor's time it began to be inhabited, and at the Conqueror's survey, all this land was owned and held by Ralf Waiet, or Guader, Earl of Norfolk, (fn. 2) in right of his castle, and he granted it to the King in common, to make a new-burgh between them; which burgh contained all this and St. Giles's parish; (fn. 3) and this Earl it was, that first founded the church of St. Peter and Paul at Mancroft, and gave it to his chaplains"
1355:
239:
903:[A.D. 1075. This year King William gave Earl Ralph the daughter of William Fitz-Osborne to wife. This same Ralph was British on his mother's side; but his father, whose name was also Ralph, was English; and born in Norfolk. The king therefore gave his son the earldom of Norfolk and Suffolk; and he then led the bride to Norwich. There was that bride-ale The source of man's bale.]
418:
1059:"Godwin Halden, by his name, seems to be an Old English Saxon, or Dane, and how he came to be in such favour, and to merit so much from the Conqueror, is not known; it is however worthy of our remark, and notice, that if he was an English Saxon, &c. he is the only one I have yet found in Norfolk, that was allowed to keep his land at the Conquest, and hold it at the survey."
1148:"at the Conqueror's survey, all this land was owned and held by Ralf Waiet, or Guader, Earl of Norfolk, in right of his castle, and he granted it to the King in common, to make a new-burgh between them; which ... contained all this and St. Giles's parish; and this Earl it was, that first founded the church of St. Peter and Paul at Muncroft, and gave it to his chaplains."
657:
married Alice de Porhoët, and lived peacefully at his castle. He strengthened the fortifications around
Montfort Castle and founded Abbeys nearby, which he later retired to, in old age. The line of inheritance continued, (sometimes with a female heiress as Lord) acquiring Laval and Vitré in the 15th century with the marriage of the heiress of Montmorency-Laval.
626:. Like his father, he was an extremely skilled warrior and fighter. He was the youngest, but inherited his father's estates. By 1119, he had obtained the honour of Breteuil in Normandy (his uncle William de Breteuil died 1103 without any legitimate issue). He had several children by his wife, including a daughter named
656:
Raoul II's other descendants continued to hold his estates in
Brittany. French sources state that his son, Guillame, inherited the barony of Montfort after the death of Raoul II, who died at his castle in Montfort in 1142. Guillame was of a more peaceful temperament than his father or grandfather. He
452:, who became a martyr to the oppressed English. His body is believed to have moved after death, he appeared in visions, and healing miracles were reported at his tomb, and many pilgrims began to visit his grave. The Norse poet Þorkell Skallason composed a memorial poem for Waltheof—"Valþjófsflokkr".
900:
On þissan geare
Wyllelm cyngc geaf Raulfe eorle Wyllelmes dohtor, Osbarnes sunu, 7 se ylca Raulf wæs Bryttisc on his modor healfe, 7 Rawulf his fæder wæs Englisc, 7 wæs geboren on Norðfolce, 7 se kyngc geaf for þi his suna þær þone eorldom, 7 Suðfolc eac. He þa lædde þæt wif to Norðwic, þær wæs þæt
546:
in the conflict. William met with a humiliating defeat. His forces were overwhelmed and resoundingly defeated as the King of France, with a large army, roared to the defence of the
Bretons; whereupon William departed thence, having lost there both men and horses, and many of his treasures'. This
503:
until she had negotiated terms for herself and the safe escape of her followers, who were deprived of their lands, but allowed forty days to leave the realm. Countess Emma escaped to
Brittany, where she was rejoined by her husband. Ralph was deprived of all his lands and of his earldom.
742:
Anglica, Normannica, Hibernica, Cambrica, a veteribus scripta: Ex quibus Asser
Meneuensis, Anonymus de vita Gulielmi Conquestoris, Thomas Walsingham, Thomas de la More, Gulielmus Gemiticensis, Giraldus Cambrensis. Plerique nunc primum in lucen editi, ex
447:
was imprisoned for a year, and later executed by
William. Many believed that this action cursed William I for the rest of his life. The last of the Anglo-Saxon Earls, Waltheof had been known in his life as kind and pious. A cult later developed around
401:
The king's refusal to sanction the marriage between Ralph and Emma, from two powerful families, caused a revolt in his absence. Ralph and Emma married in spite of the King's disapproval. At the
Wedding Feast 'Bride Ale', Ralph, his new brother-in-law
547:
resulted in such great losses for King
William, that he conceded defeat, and "with so great loss of men, horses, and money, that the next year he was glad to make peace with him; and thus ended the whole affair, in the year 1077". Peace was made.
226:, an English Alsi, is named as 'nephew of Earl Ralph', and a Godwin, English with Anglo-Saxon and possible Dutch connections, is named as Earl Ralph's uncle. Other sources cite a possible relation (possibly a cousin), to rebel
202:
Ralph de Gaël was born as a noble before 1042, most probably about 1040. He was the high-born son of an Earl Ralph who was
English, or born in England, and lived at the time of the Confessor. Some sources believe this to be
711:""City of Norwich, chapter 42: The Great Ward of Mancroft, St. Peter of Mancroft." An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 4, the History of the City and County of Norwich, Part II"
748:
English, Norman, Irish, Welsh, written by the ancients: From which Asser of Meneuensis, Anonymous of the life of William the Conqueror, Thomas Walsingham, Thomas de la More, William Gemiticensis, Giraldus
1413:""The city of Norwich, chapter 5: Of the city in the Conqueror's time." An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 3, the History of the City and County of Norwich, Part I"
1596:
The chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon. Comprising the history of England, From the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the Accession of Henry II. Also, The acts of Stephen king of England and duke of Normandy
258:
Next, the company of Neel rode Raol de Gael; he was himself a Breton, and led Bretons; he served for the land he had, but he held it short time enough, for he forfeited it, as they say.
230:, also stated to be of noble birth. His wedding feast and associations highlight connections to both Anglo-Saxon and Danish nobles, as well as his vast inherited lands in Brittany.
527:, these lands included 40 parishes, including Gauder Castle and Montfort castle, located at the confluence of the Meu river. Ralph and Emma then lived as great Barons of Brittany.
689:
with his son Alan on 1 July 1097. Ralph and Emma died in the holy land, witnessing the capture of Jerusalem in 1099, but dying the following year on the road from Jerusalem.
1297:"Being banished the kingdom, he returned to Brittany with his wife and settled on his patrimonial estates which his attainder by the sovereign of England could not affect."
375:. Their marriage united two extremely large estates, as well as noble lines, including to the English Saxon kings and queens of old. Some writers have indicated that King
631:
1401:
Orderic Vitalis. William's army was forced to hastily retreat to England, losing many men and horses, and leaving behind expensive military equipment and treasures.
673:
to the Holy Land. After wintering in Italy, crossed over to Epirus, where they joined Bohemond, and reached Nicaea early in June 1097, where Ralph was one of the
487:, and Jarl Hakon, which arrived too late, and instead sacked the Norman Cathedral St Peter's Minster in York, where a previous Saxon church had been destroyed.
43:
1389:"King William now went over sea, and led his army to Brittany, and beset the castle of Dol; but the Bretons defended it, until the king came from France".
333:
615:
1370:
845:
2025:
1571:
by Thomas Forester. Volume 2. Book IV. George Bell and Sons 1854. Electronic edition prepared by Michael A. Linton. Date accessed 10 November 2022.
1325:
by Thomas Forester. Volume 2. Book IV. George Bell and Sons 1854. Electronic edition prepared by Michael A. Linton. Date accessed 10 November 2022.
1303:
by Thomas Forester. Volume 2. Book IV. George Bell and Sons 1854. Electronic edition prepared by Michael A. Linton. Date accessed 10 November 2022.
627:
455:
Immediately after the confession of Waltheof, the Revolt now had inadequate time to prepare. Ralph retreated from the force led by warrior bishops
414:
stated some of the grievances that led to the revolt. These included William I's tendency to knock off any real or perceived threats to his crown.
666:
1375:
439:
Work began to prepare the revolt, however, the plan was discovered by William after Waltheof lost heart and confessed the conspiracy to
1206:
1195:
1767:
649:
645:
443:, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who urged Earl Roger to return to his allegiance, and finally excommunicated him and his adherents.
2161:
1136:
An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 4, the History of the City and County of Norwich, Part II
368:
1335:
1917:
538:
In 1076, William I summoned an army, crossed the sea to France, and attempted to attack Ralph who was stationed at his Castle of
505:
403:
2126:
976:
407:
2151:
1922:
598:
496:
364:
102:
1227:
1134:
605:
William (Guillame) de Gael, succeeded his father as Seigneur de Gael. He claimed Breteuil after the death of his uncle
1390:
1466:
1149:
814:""Blofield Hundred: Thorp, by Norwich." An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 7"
2035:
577:
William being dead, Ralph appears in Normandy c. 1093 as a witness in the record of a suit between the abbots of
298:
in 1066, and was known for his bravery and strength of character. Later he is found in February or March 1068 at
17:
1106:"His valor was so great, says D. Morice, that his name alone was worth an army." (Dom Morice, tome II, p. 183).
1060:
523:
Following Ralph and Emma's escape from England, they settled at their inherited lands in Brittany. As well as
479:
in search of help (which may indicate familial ties), and returned to England with a fleet of 200 ships under
2146:
2141:
1897:
1892:
1760:
813:
710:
509:
449:
444:
2131:
2040:
1958:
1412:
1116:
543:
2083:
2015:
1281:
800:
An extract from Ordericus Vitalis, History of England and Normandy by Thomas Forester Volume 2. BOOK IV.
686:
276:
2050:
1826:
840:
563:
1738:
2156:
1907:
1753:
530:
1566:
1320:
1298:
782:
2055:
1963:
1164:
883:
329:
1006:
2136:
1841:
417:
1540:
1092:
288:
2116:
2030:
2020:
1877:
1790:
1709:
1508:
914:
682:
376:
299:
191:
1360:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1042:
2121:
1938:
1836:
1024:
788:
623:
589:
480:
460:
1715:
The Bretons and Normans of England 1066-1154: the family, the fief and the feudal monarchy
1075:
8:
2095:
2045:
1989:
1968:
1805:
1616:
Ordericus Vitalis, History of England and Normandy by Thomas Forester. Volume 2. BOOK IV.
1512:
1180:
763:[one named Emma was married to Rodulfo Waiet, a Briton, who was Earl of Norwich.]
606:
567:
484:
396:
187:
163:
1594:
923:[Raoul Anglicus and Raoul de Gaël a re-examination of English and Breton data].
515:
Ralph and Emma both safely escaped England to Ralph's vast inherited lands in Brittany.
1867:
1831:
1726:
706:
635:
578:
295:
1872:
1821:
1223:
761:
una nomine Emma iuncta est Rodulfo Waiet, genere Britoni, qui fuit comes Norwicensis.
344:
280:
227:
204:
1953:
1565:
Between 1114 and 1141 Oderic Vitalis wrote that his sons had inherited his estates.
1887:
1795:
1600:
1526:
858:
854:
555:
372:
179:
920:"Raoul l'Anglais et Raoul de Gaël: un réexamen des données anglaises et bretonnes"
2071:
1999:
1902:
1857:
1800:
1776:
1652:
1626:
1581:
1316:
895:
879:
740:
678:
539:
411:
318:
284:
208:
1482:
1948:
736:
500:
472:
463:(the latter ordered that all rebels should have their right foot cut off) near
212:
644:
disaster in November 1120. She was then married, in 1121, to the King's ward,
2110:
2076:
1862:
1366:
1361:
1250:
674:
670:
456:
223:
58:
Earl of East Anglia, Lord of Gaël and Montfort (Seigneur de Gaël et Montfort)
382:
1984:
940:
1580:
Anglo Saxon Chronicle. 12th century. Date accessed 12 December 2022. URL:
1336:"Histoire de Montfort-sur-Meu – Ville de Montfort-sur-Meu – Site officiel"
1185:. Yale Law School. Lillan Goldman Law Library. Accessed: 10 November 2022.
2090:
551:
267:
1450:
1379:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 872.
1713:
1315:"In that province, he had on his domains two noble castles, Guader and
1094:
Master Wace, His Chronicle of the Norman Conquest from the Roman de Rou
640:
550:
In 1089, Ralph attested the judgment in a dispute between the monks of
325:
508:
was captured, and despite being much more involved in the revolt than
1391:"The city of Norwich, Chapter 5: Of the city in the Conqueror's time"
685:'s division of the army. Ralph is again mentioned as fighting at the
665:
In September 1096, accompanied by his wife and son Alain, and in the
464:
1599:. Translated by Forester, Thomas. London: Henry G. Bond – via
919:
512:, was merely imprisoned, and released on William I's death in 1087.
1994:
1619:
609:
in 1103, but died shortly thereafter, according to Orderic Vitalis.
440:
324:
It was likely this Ralph who on 13 April 1069 was with the King at
306:
1745:
1645:
1477:
1475:
1319:, which his sons possess by hereditary right to the present day."
321:, the Earldom being also styled, from its capital, "of Norwich".
238:
1943:
1062:
An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk
970:
593:
Arms of the lords of Montfort: Argent a cross Gules gringollée Or
559:
476:
468:
348:
314:
310:
171:
167:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
929:
Memoirs of the Historical and Archaeological Society of Brittany
619:
524:
247:
216:
175:
1882:
1472:
571:
360:
1586:
612:
Alain de Gael, who went with his parents on the First Crusade.
566:, in favour of St. George's Abbey (on the site of the current
947:
925:
Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire et d'Archéolgie de Bretagne
894:– via The Avalon Project, Lillian Goldman Law Library,
1065:: Volume 10. Originally published by W Miller, London, 1809.
371:
and his first wife Alice (or Adelise/Adelissa), daughter of
1404:
699:
251:
1501:
1437:
Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VIII, p. 236
751:] (in Latin). Frankfurt, Germany: Aubrius. p. 676
872:
471:, hotly pursued by the royal army. Emma stayed to defend
1097:. Pickering, 1837. p. 225. Date accessed 7 December 2022
638:
by his mistress Ansfrida, but her betrothed died on the
328:
and he witnessed, as Earl Ralph, a diploma in favour of
1293:
1291:
805:
336:. He also attested a charter between 1068 and 1070 as "
1176:
1174:
1657:
A Database of Crusaders to the Holy Land, 1095 - 1149
1631:
A Database of Crusaders to the Holy Land, 1095 - 1149
1487:
A Database of Crusaders to the Holy Land, 1095 - 1149
1043:"G(odwin) uncle of (Earl) Ralph | Domesday Book"
979:[Montfort-sur-Meu, its history and memories]
379:
may have seen the alliance as a threat to his reign.
219:
being the traditional seat of the kings of Brittany.
1288:
1171:
880:"The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : Eleventh Century"
1222:, Fifth Edition Revised. Oxford University Press.
918:
319:Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, or of the East Angles
1568:Ordericus Vitalis History of England and Normandy
1322:Ordericus Vitalis History of England and Normandy
1300:Ordericus Vitalis History of England and Normandy
1139:. Originally published by W Miller, London, 1806.
977:"Montfort-sur-Meu, son histoire et ses souvenirs"
846:Journal of the British Archaeological Association
798:– via 1066 A Medieval Mosaic (1066.co.nz).
784:Ordericus Vitalis History of England and Normandy
432:Ordericus Vitalis History of England and Normandy
351:, in the new town, and gave it to his chaplains.
207:, while others argue that he was the son of Earl
2108:
2026:Coronations of William the Conqueror and Matilda
1469:, Vol. III, p. 507, cited in CP IX 574 footnote.
1025:"Alsi nephew of Earl Ralph | Domesday Book"
1076:"Earl Ralph the constable | Domesday Book"
907:
1582:https://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/ang12.asp
1255:Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages
1230:. Retrieved 31 August 2017 – via Google Books.
262:
1761:
1311:
1309:
1271:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D, 1076 , and E, 1076 .
1151:The History of the City and County of Norwich
1117:"Event: Grant and Gift, Writ-issuing/sending"
841:"On Raoul De Gael, the First Earl of Norfolk"
776:
774:
772:
770:
421:Waltheof, earl of Northumbria Croyland Abbey
2081:
1182:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Eleventh Century
913:
832:
1768:
1754:
1695:Orderic Vitalis, Vol. II, Book IV, p. 319.
1410:
1306:
811:
729:
705:
669:(second son of William I), he went on the
42:
767:
646:Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester
1612:
1610:
1592:
1462:
1460:
1365:
780:
588:
529:
416:
381:
369:William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford
266:
246:He inherited the great Breton barony of
237:
1517:. Harvard University Press. p. 221
1445:
1443:
974:
838:
404:Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford
14:
2109:
901:brydealo, þæt wæs manegra manna bealo.
735:
390:
1749:
1607:
1507:
1457:
1282:"The Norman Minster: History of York"
1440:
1249:Gade, Kari Ellen (6 December 2009).
1248:
820:. London: W Miller. pp. 258–264
717:. London: W Miller. pp. 184–238
534:Montfort-sur-Meu – Tour du Papegault
518:
408:Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northumberland
359:He married, in 1075 at the manor of
254:'s account of the conquest of 1066:
186:). He was the leading figure in the
1923:Companions of William the Conqueror
1775:
1251:"Þorkell Skallason, Valþjófsflokkr"
630:. Amice was initially betrothed to
490:
410:planned a revolt against the king.
305:Then in 1069, he routed a force of
24:
1659:. The Digital Humanities Institute
1633:. The Digital Humanities Institute
1489:. The Digital Humanities Institute
1419:. London: W Miller. pp. 14–21
1261:: 382–384 – via skaldic.org.
190:, the last serious revolt against
25:
2173:
1514:Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy
931:] (in French). pp. 63–93
581:and Saint-Florent de Besneville.
1353:
317:, and he would later be created
27:11th-century earl of East Anglia
2162:Christians of the First Crusade
1721:. Vol. 36. pp. 42–78.
1702:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1574:
1559:
1533:
1431:
1395:
1383:
1346:
1328:
1274:
1265:
1242:
1233:
1220:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
1218:Farmer, David (14 April 2011).
1212:
1200:
1188:
1157:
1142:
1127:
1109:
1100:
1086:
1068:
1053:
1035:
1017:
233:
1593:Forester, Thomas, ed. (1853).
999:
859:10.1080/00681288.1858.11887026
13:
1:
2127:11th-century English nobility
1677:Orderic Vitalis. 727 B, 728 D
692:
677:leaders who took part in the
332:and a grant in favour of the
159:
75:
1686:Orderic Vitalis. (ib. 729 D)
1411:Blomefield, Francis (1806).
812:Blomefield, Francis (1807).
184:Seigneur de Gaël et Montfort
7:
2084:Carmen de Hastingae Proelio
2016:Northumbrian Revolt of 1065
1545:Encyclopédie de Brocéliande
1541:"Raoul II de Gaël-Montfort"
915:Keats-Rohan, Katharine S.B.
634:, a highly regarded son of
584:
467:and retreated hurriedly to
354:
263:Prior to the Revolt of 1075
48:The Siege of Norwich Castle
10:
2178:
2152:11th-century Breton people
1627:"Emma married of Hereford"
975:Edouard, Vigoland (1895).
681:. After this, they joined
660:
394:
277:Conan II, Duke of Brittany
116:William (Guillame) de Gael
2064:
2008:
1977:
1931:
1850:
1827:Battle of Stamford Bridge
1814:
1783:
1653:"Ralph I married of Gael"
985:Ville de Montfort-sur-Meu
781:Forester, Thomas (1854).
564:Alan IV, Duke of Brittany
554:and the chaplains of the
544:Hoël II, Duke of Brittany
499:bravely held the fort at
475:, while Ralph sailed for
386:Norwich Castle keep, 2009
271:Bayeux Tapestry Scene 18a
129:
109:
98:
90:
82:
71:
66:
62:
57:
53:
41:
34:
209:Ralph Mantes of Hereford
197:
2056:Trial of Penenden Heath
1964:Malcolm III of Scotland
1376:Encyclopædia Britannica
667:army of Robert Curthose
648:, second (twin) son of
542:. William had enlisted
406:, and Anglo-Saxon Earl
340:", a hereditary count.
2082:
1842:Siege of Exeter (1068)
1511:(1920). "Appendix D".
1509:David, Charles Wendell
1483:"Alan unknown of Gael"
1417:British History Online
1239:Orderic Vitalis. ibid.
839:Planche, J.R. (1858).
818:British History Online
715:British History Online
594:
535:
437:
422:
387:
343:Ralph built a church,
272:
260:
243:
2041:Council of Winchester
2031:Harrying of the North
2021:Council of Lillebonne
1791:William the Conqueror
683:Bohemund I of Antioch
592:
558:. He also attested a
533:
424:
420:
385:
300:William the Conqueror
270:
256:
241:
192:William the Conqueror
105:, Countess of Norfolk
2147:People from Hereford
2142:Earls of East Anglia
1939:Edward the Confessor
1837:Burning of Southwark
1340:montfort-sur-meu.bzh
789:George Bell and Sons
495:Meanwhile, Countess
461:Geoffrey de Montbray
275:In 1065 he was with
2132:People from Norfolk
2096:William of Poitiers
2046:Revolt of the Earls
1990:Battle, East Sussex
1969:Matilda of Flanders
1898:Eustace of Boulogne
1806:Sweyn II of Denmark
1710:Keats-Rohan, K.S.B.
1011:domesday.pase.ac.uk
707:Blomefield, Francis
687:Battle of Dorylaeum
607:William de Breteuil
568:Saint George Palace
397:Revolt of the Earls
391:Revolt of the Earls
367:, only daughter of
188:Revolt of the Earls
164:Earl of East Anglia
1868:Leofwine Godwinson
1832:Battle of Hastings
652:, Count of Meulan.
650:Robert de Beaumont
601:'s children were:
595:
536:
434:by Thomas Forester
423:
388:
363:, Cambridgeshire,
309:which had invaded
296:Battle of Hastings
289:castle of Combourg
273:
244:
94:English and Breton
2104:
2103:
2051:Council of London
1932:Associated people
1918:Roger de Breteuil
1908:Robert of Mortain
1873:Hereward the Wake
1822:Battle of Fulford
519:Baron of Brittany
345:St Peter Mancroft
330:St Denis of Paris
294:He fought at the
281:Rivallon I of Dol
279:when he besieged
228:Hereward the Wake
205:Ralph the Staller
133:
132:
16:(Redirected from
2169:
2087:
1796:Harold Godwinson
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1601:Internet Archive
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1080:opendomesday.org
1072:
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1047:opendomesday.org
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:opendomesday.org
1021:
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982:
972:
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911:
905:
904:
893:
891:
882:. Translated by
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
836:
830:
829:
827:
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809:
803:
802:
797:
795:
778:
765:
764:
758:
756:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
703:
616:Raoul II de Gael
556:Duke of Brittany
491:Holding the fort
435:
373:Roger I of Tosny
215:, the castle of
161:
158:; before 1042 –
156:Rodulfo de Waiet
122:Raoul II de Gael
77:
67:Personal details
46:
32:
31:
21:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2157:Norman warriors
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2072:Bayeux Tapestry
2060:
2004:
2000:Tower of London
1973:
1927:
1903:Eadric the Wild
1858:Gyrth Godwinson
1846:
1810:
1801:Harald Hardrada
1779:
1777:Norman Conquest
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1467:Orderic Vitalis
1465:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1371:Ralph de Guader
1369:, ed. (1911). "
1354:
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1207:Orderic Vitalis
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896:Yale Law School
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861:
837:
833:
823:
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737:Camden, William
734:
730:
720:
718:
704:
700:
695:
679:siege of Nicaea
663:
587:
579:Lonlay-l'Abbaye
521:
493:
436:
430:
412:Orderic Vitalis
399:
393:
357:
334:Bishop of Essex
265:
242:Flag of Norfolk
236:
200:
140:Ralph de Guader
125:
103:Emma FitzOsborn
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Ralph de Guader
15:
12:
11:
5:
2175:
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2036:Danish attacks
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2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
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1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1954:Edgar Ætheling
1951:
1949:Edith the Fair
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1941:
1935:
1933:
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1471:
1456:
1439:
1430:
1403:
1394:
1382:
1367:Chisholm, Hugh
1345:
1327:
1305:
1287:
1273:
1264:
1241:
1232:
1228:978-0199596607
1211:
1199:
1196:Oderic Vitalis
1187:
1170:
1156:
1141:
1126:
1108:
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1085:
1067:
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1016:
998:
946:
906:
871:
831:
804:
766:
728:
697:
696:
694:
691:
662:
659:
654:
653:
628:Amice (Amicia)
618:, seigneur of
613:
610:
586:
583:
520:
517:
501:Norwich Castle
492:
489:
483:, son of King
473:Norwich Castle
428:
395:Main article:
392:
389:
356:
353:
264:
261:
235:
232:
199:
196:
174:) and Lord of
162:1100) was the
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4:
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2137:Anglo-Normans
2135:
2133:
2130:
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2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2097:
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2086:
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2080:
2078:
2077:Domesday Book
2075:
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2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:Miscellaneous
2063:
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2024:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
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1982:
1980:
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1967:
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1962:
1960:
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1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:Ralph de Gael
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
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1866:
1864:
1863:Odo of Bayeux
1861:
1859:
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1613:
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1602:
1598:
1597:
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1569:
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1542:
1536:
1528:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1488:
1484:
1478:
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1468:
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1461:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1434:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1362:public domain
1349:
1341:
1337:
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1312:
1310:
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1301:
1294:
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1177:
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1130:
1122:
1118:
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1103:
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1095:
1089:
1081:
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1071:
1064:
1063:
1056:
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1044:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1002:
986:
978:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
942:
930:
926:
921:
916:
910:
902:
897:
885:
884:Ingram, James
881:
875:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:
842:
835:
819:
815:
808:
801:
790:
786:
785:
777:
775:
773:
771:
762:
750:
745:
744:
738:
732:
716:
712:
708:
702:
698:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:First Crusade
668:
658:
651:
647:
643:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
614:
611:
608:
604:
603:
602:
600:
591:
582:
580:
575:
574:(1084–1096).
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
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541:
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513:
511:
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458:
457:Odo of Bayeux
453:
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427:
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374:
370:
366:
362:
352:
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335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
313:and occupied
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
269:
259:
255:
253:
249:
240:
231:
229:
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224:Domesday Book
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
157:
153:
149:
148:Radulf Waders
145:
141:
137:
136:Ralph de Gaël
128:
121:
119:Alain de Gael
118:
115:
114:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
52:
45:
40:
36:Ralph de Gael
33:
30:
19:
2117:1040s births
1985:Battle Abbey
1912:
1714:
1703:Bibliography
1691:
1682:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1656:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1630:
1621:
1595:
1588:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1544:
1535:
1525:– via
1519:. Retrieved
1513:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1486:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1416:
1406:
1397:
1385:
1374:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1299:
1276:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1235:
1219:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1181:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1135:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
989:. Retrieved
984:
941:Academia.edu
939:– via
933:. Retrieved
928:
924:
909:
899:
888:. Retrieved
874:
862:. Retrieved
850:
844:
834:
822:. Retrieved
817:
807:
799:
792:. Retrieved
783:
760:
753:. Retrieved
747:
741:
731:
719:. Retrieved
714:
701:
664:
655:
639:
596:
576:
549:
537:
522:
514:
494:
454:
438:
431:
425:
400:
358:
342:
337:
323:
304:
293:
274:
257:
245:
234:Inheritances
221:
201:
183:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:
29:
2122:1097 deaths
2091:Norman yoke
1735:|work=
1547:(in French)
987:(in French)
794:10 November
755:10 November
749:Cambrensis.
743:Bibliotheca
552:Redon Abbey
302:'s court.
144:Ralph Wader
138:(otherwise
91:Nationality
2111:Categories
1851:Combatants
1663:8 December
1637:8 December
1551:7 December
1521:8 December
1493:6 December
1423:8 December
1121:pase.ac.uk
1007:"Alsige 9"
991:6 December
935:7 December
890:7 December
864:7 December
824:7 December
721:7 December
693:References
641:White Ship
597:Ralph and
326:Winchester
283:, Lord of
152:Ralf Waiet
1978:Locations
1737:ignored (
1727:cite book
853:(1): 30.
465:Cambridge
377:William I
287:, in the
99:Spouse(s)
1995:Pevensey
1893:Waltheof
1712:(1992).
1317:Montfort
917:(2016).
739:(1603).
709:(1806).
624:Montfort
585:Children
510:Waltheof
450:Waltheof
445:Waltheof
441:Lanfranc
429:—
355:Marriage
307:Norsemen
213:Judicaël
180:Montfort
110:Children
1959:Ealdred
1944:Stigand
1815:Battles
1784:Leaders
1364::
1154:. 1833.
661:Crusade
636:Henry I
632:Richard
560:charter
477:Denmark
469:Norwich
349:Norwich
315:Norwich
311:Norfolk
222:In the
172:Suffolk
168:Norfolk
2009:Events
1888:Tostig
1883:Morcar
1451:"Gael"
1358:
1226:
1165:"Wate"
886:. 1823
675:Breton
572:Rennes
361:Exning
1878:Edwin
1719:(PDF)
981:(PDF)
927:[
746:[
570:) at
506:Roger
485:Svend
338:Comes
198:Birth
1739:help
1665:2022
1639:2022
1553:2022
1523:2022
1495:2022
1425:2022
1224:ISBN
993:2022
937:2022
892:2022
866:2022
826:2022
796:2022
757:2022
723:2022
622:and
620:Gaël
599:Emma
525:Gaël
497:Emma
481:Knud
459:and
365:Emma
252:Wace
248:Gaël
217:Gaël
178:and
176:Gaël
170:and
86:1100
83:Died
78:1042
72:Born
1373:".
855:doi
562:of
540:Dol
347:in
285:Dol
154:or
150:or
146:or
2113::
1731::
1729:}}
1725:{{
1655:.
1629:.
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1290:^
1257:.
1253:.
1173:^
1119:.
1078:.
1045:.
1027:.
1009:.
983:.
949:^
898:.
851:14
849:.
843:.
816:.
787:.
769:^
759:.
713:.
291:.
194:.
160:c.
142:,
76:c.
1769:e
1762:t
1755:v
1741:)
1667:.
1641:.
1603:.
1555:.
1529:.
1497:.
1453:.
1427:.
1342:.
1284:.
1259:2
1209:.
1167:.
1123:.
1082:.
1049:.
1031:.
1013:.
995:.
943:.
868:.
857::
828:.
725:.
182:(
166:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
