258:
739:
However, this person who wages war in Kandy has many merits and he has now lost his merits. On his return from the defeat at Balana, he died in March 1592. The reason for his death was a wound caused by a pointed bamboo-segment at
Pethangoda while returning to sitawaka. Rajawaliya further recorded that the death was a result of the black magic (suniyam) imposed on him by the Dodampe Ganithaya though it is now suspected that the cause of his death was tetanus caused by the binding of animal faeces to the open wound. Alakeshwara war reported that he was cremated at Mahanuwara which means the then capital Sitawaka.
583:
622:) which had been abandoned in the field. The shot fell among a line of Sitawakan soldiers, and killed many. It must have shocked the Sitawaka forces because they stopped attacking. Taking advantage of the lull, the Portuguese managed to retreat through a wood. Although the Sitawakans were no longer pressing the attack, Portuguese sources provide names of six soldiers who were killed in this wood by Sitawaka forces using musket fire alone. Some Portuguese soldiers retreated using boats.
395:, Veediye Bandara was decisively defeated by Tikiri Bandara. According to the "Alakeshwara War", this battle was fierce and legendary, following which Tikiri Bandara was called "Rajasinha". Rajawaliya states that the title Rajasinha which implies "Lion who is the king of kings" was given to him following this famous battle.
386:
In another such adventure, Mayadunne initiated a campaign to destroy
Veediye Bandara primarily due to (1) the ill-treatment meted out to Mayadunne's daughter Tikiri Kumari, the wife of Veediya Bandara and (2) his failure to support Mayadunne in waging war against the Kandyan ruler. Combined Sitawaka
726:
In the Sath korale region, a prince named
Pothupala Bandara rebelled against Rajasinha with the support of the Portuguese. The rebellion was suppressed and all leaders who had supported the rebellion were beheaded. According to the Manadarampura Puwatha, prelates were involved in an attempt to make
714:
at these centres. Under the advice of
Mannamperuma Mohottala, he razed many Buddhist religious sites to the ground. The discontent this caused among the Buddhist public and prelates was a major reason for the downfall of the kingdom. Annexation of the Kandyan kingdom and the killing of many royals
665:
region. The
Arachchies of Maggona abandoned their previous duty of protecting the Maggona fort due to Dharmapala of Kotte's betrayals and the decision to grant the Kingdom of Kotte to his proteges via a deed. Eventually, many Sinhalese changed their names to Portuguese ones but continued to observe
521:
Retreating
Sitawakan forces took refuge in a narrow pass that had been fortified earlier. Against the better judgment of veteran soldiers, de Menezes ordered to attack on the fortified pass. But now reorganized and well entrenched, Wickramasinghe Mudali managed to repulse repeated waves of attacks.
398:
While
Rajasinha waged his war against the Portuguese, King Karaliyadde Bandara utilized Portuguese soldiers to protect his Kandyan kingdom. Infuriated by this relationship with Portuguese invaders, with the support of Weerasundera Mudali of Peradeniya, Rajasinha led his troops up to the entry point
379:
to flee to Kotte and wait for his orders, but they refused. Veediya
Bandara was angry and ordered them to fall back and carry the body of the loyal commander-general of his bodyguard, Maggona Arachchi, his childhood friend. He decided to surrender to prince Tikiri who in time, distinguished himself
352:
attacked
Veediya Bandara's men and took them by complete surprise. Unprepared and outnumbered, they endured a heavy defeat for the misjudgment of their leader. Veediya Bandara himself retreated with several of his guards only to be betrayed by them, as Prince Tikiri had announced a hefty price for
504:
Meanwhile, a
Portuguese detachment under Jorge de Menezes and Jorge de Melo successfully surprised the retreating Sitawakan border guards in a sneak attack at dawn. They captured a smaller stockade on the southern bank, killing the garrison of 300 men. Encouraged by this early success, de Menezes
681:
King Rajasinghe I appointed a South Indian named Aritta Kivendu as his chief advisor and acted on his advice. He was awarded the title Mannamperuma Mohottala. King Rajasinha arranged the marriage of Mannamperuma Mohottala to a sister of a junior queen known as the "iron daughter" He reverted to
738:
started a rebellion in Kandy. First, he defeated the troops led by the general Aritta Kiwnendu. Secondly, Konappu Bandara defeated troops led by King Rajasinha himself. Rajawaliya reported that he withdrew saying that there was no king in front of him who fought valiantly from 11 years of age.
606:
broke through the Portuguese ranks. The battle soon became an intense melee; unable to reload, the Portuguese had to use their muskets as clubs. The intensity of the battle described in Portuguese sources by accounts of men trying to stop elephants with banner staffs, and a soldier attacking
637:
of Koratota, Hewagama, Korale, and Hokanrdara, rewarding them for their vital charge against the Portuguese rear. He also bestowed the new name "Hewagama" (also called Hewakam or Hewapanne) upon a Korale general due to his service during the battle; his previous name has not survived in the
590:
Tikiri Bandara, mounted on a horse, led the center on a full frontal attack. His force was arranged in divisions (Jayasundara division, Vijayasundara division), but the targe bearers, war elephants, and horses charged mingled together to prevent the Portuguese from reloading their
610:
Tikiri Bandara rode throughout the battle line, encouraging men to continuously press the attack and to close the gaps. Once the Portuguese managed to retreat through a gap in the line and found that Sitawakan forces hurrying on to the next pass to cut off their retreat again.
488:
of Aturigiri Korale, Hewagam Korale, Koratota, and Hokandara areas to further bolster his numbers. Surprisingly, previously fierce enemies of Sitawaka, the younger Maggona Arachchi, sons of late General Maggona Arachchi, joined with Sithawaka forces to destroy the armies of
387:
and Portuguese troops attacked Veediye Bandara's fort at Pelenda, chasing him down to Devundara and capturing Tikiri Kumari. Sitwaka troops were led by twelve-year-old Tikiri Bandara. Veediye Bandara re-grouped with the troops of the Kandyan leader and reached Salpiti
727:
Konappu Bandara the king of Kandy. This conspiracy was exposed leading to the execution of hundreds of Buddhist prelates. Mandaram Pura Puwatha reported that in one place, 121 monks were killed by Rajasinha. One of the notable victims was the chief prelate of
574:
Meanwhile, the Portuguese found their rear blocked by large trees and the enemy close by, so they drew up themselves (arranged in battle ranks) in an open area at Mulleriyawa. (Rajavaliya specific about the fact that Sitawaka forces attacked an enemy army in
715:
are also believed to have contributed to the decline. His cruel approach to Buddhism ignited anti-government rebellions with the involvement of Buddhist prelates. This gave rise to conflict with the Buddhist prelates. Traces of the era exist in temples like
517:
The battle was short and the Sitawakans were defeated. They retreated towards Hewagama leaving 200 dead, pursued by the Portuguese. Wickramasinghe Mudali was himself wounded. Jorge de Menezes wanted to annihilate the Sitawakans and pressed the pursuit.
567:
Then he reinforced Wickramasinghe Mudali's remaining forces with elephants and elite targe bearers and deployed them in left and right wings. Their exact role is not known but probably their orders were to secure flanks and to stand by as reserves.
595:. Targe bearers advanced under the cover of the elephants to avoid fire (“clinging to the tails of the elephants” – Rajavaliya). At the same time, the mixed force of militia and targe bearers attacked from the rear and flank and joined the fight.
301:
Rajasinhaif, so if he had committed patricide, Queros would have reported it without fail. However, in his lengthy account, Queros said that Mayadunne died of natural causes after living 85 years. According to him, Rajasinha returned to
480:
on the northern bank. It was strategically located, (current day Udumapitigama) controlling the river and land route to Sitawaka. Therefore, by capturing it the Portuguese expected to use it as a launching pad for the coming invasion.
457:) to take over. He took over the office in the year 1559 and claimed that he intend to finish the enemy that brought him to the island. De Menezes marched out, triggering the events that eventually led to the battle of Mulleriyawa.
508:
Tikiri Bandara was aware of the movements of de Menezes and de Melo and sent a force under Wickramasinghe Mudali to check their advance. These armies met at the village of Mulleriyawa one hour before dawn.
269:, Mayadunne had turned the kingdom over to Rajasinha in 1578 before his death in 1581. There are various narratives surrounding Rajasinha's role in his father's death. As per Thibbotuwawe Buddharakhitha's
406:, the Sinhalese army, simply equipped with swords and their ancient fighting method called Angam Pora, defeated the entire Portuguese army. According to Queros, though he solicited the support from
383:
As a captive of Prince Tikiri, Veediya Bandara fell in love with the sister of Prince Tikiri and the daughter of King Mayadunne. He managed to escape with the help of the princess and they married.
673:
Names of two war elephants: “Viridudassaya” of Jayasundara division who captured an enemy standard and “Airavana” of Vijayasundara division who captured a shield and a chain appear in chronicles.
345:, he made haste to descend upon the army of Kandy before it joined forces with Mayadunne. Afterwards, his army invaded and captured the Kingdom of Sitawaka as Mayadunne fled without a fight.
716:
414:
troops, the non-availability of a naval fleet caused by the Portuguese raids of port towns affected his endeavors to cleanse the country from invaders despite his remarkable sieges of
391:
to attack Sitawaka troops. He was defeated by Tikiri Bandara again. He fled to Kanda uda rata and returned to Alut Nuwara with the troops of the Kandyan king. After a fierce battle at
1270:
878:
860:
1564:
372:
536:
De Menezes renewed the attack, but his men withdrew against his orders to hold back. Exhausted and low on ammunition they were forced to rest at the village of Mulleriyawa.
281:
by Buddhist monks, so conflicts arose between him and the monks. As a result, he followed an anti-Buddhist line. However, others believe that important sources such as the
505:
prepared his forces to capture the grand stockade of Mapitigama. At this moment, he received reports of Sitawakan forces in a meadow (Hewagama) and ordered a night march.
533:
with sand, and if they did not shoot, they might finish the fight with the sword, because such brave Portuguese had no need of arms as long as they had nails and teeth.”
257:
1390:
1141:
C. Gaston Perera. Kandy fights the Portuguese – A military history of Kandyan resistance. Vijithayapa Publications:Sri Lanka; June 2007. p. 360, referencing do Couto,
731:. Support of the maha sangha which had been a pillar of strength for Mayadunne and Tikiri Bandara to mobilize public support for the Sitawaka kingdom rapidly eroded.
625:
Those who escaped found refuge in the smaller stockade they had captured in the early part of the campaign. However, many were wounded and their pride was shaken.
376:
484:
King Mayadunne received the news of this invasion force and sent an army under the command of his son Rajasimha toward Hewagama. On arrival, he summoned the
1557:
354:
368:
322:
monarch, he had to battle with numerous internal forces—some regional and individual, supported directly and indirectly by forces from Portugal.
1083:
C. Gaston Perera. Kandy fights the Portuguese – A military history of Kandyan resistance. Vijithayapa Publications:Sri Lanka; June 2007. pp. 367-368,
1550:
965:
C. Gaston Perera. Kandy fights the Portuguese – A military history of Kandyan resistance. Vijithayapa Publications:Sri Lanka; June 2007. p. 365,
1383:
1100:
Fernao de Queyroz. The temporal and spiritual conquest of Ceylon. AES reprint. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services ; 1995. pp. 346-347,
525:
These futile efforts exhausted the Portuguese and consumed their ammunition reserves. When the captains approached de Menezes regarding low
1044:
Fernao de Queyroz. The temporal and spiritual conquest of Ceylon. AES reprint. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services; 1995. pp. 345-346,
461:
1301:
1296:
1257:
571:
Finally, Tikiri Bandara deployed the remaining targe bearers, war elephants, and cavalry in the center and assumed the command himself.
364:
fought to his death to protect Veediya Bandara, when Prince Tikiri Bandara Rajasinha, son of Mayadunne, arrived with a massive force.
1376:
1124:
Fernao de Queyroz. The temporal and spiritual conquest of Ceylon. AES reprint. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services; 1995. p. 347,
1066:
Fernao de Queyroz. The temporal and spiritual conquest of Ceylon. AES reprint. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services; 1995. p. 346,
1027:
Fernao de Queyroz. The temporal and spiritual conquest of Ceylon. AES reprint. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services; 1995. p. 345,
922:
Fernao de Queyroz. The temporal and spiritual conquest of Ceylon. AES reprint. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services; 1995. p. 344,
719:(Bhairava-andi kovil) in Sitawaka and the worship of other Shaivite deities by the Sinhalese, like the syncretic Natha deviyo, Sella
1892:
17:
614:
The Portuguese had almost given up themselves when something unexpected happened. A soldier named António Dias de Lomba fired a
402:
The battle with the Portuguese in Mulleriyawa was the bloodiest fought to date. While the Portuguese had guns and more advanced
1236:
805:
1146:
1088:
970:
956:
Joao de Baros, Diogo do Couto. Decadas da Asia. Translated by D.W. Ferguson in JRASCB Vol XX, No.60; Colombo 1909. p. 206.
1829:
1417:
641:
The Arachchi of Koratota was gifted Bandara's sword, and to this day his descendants (who have changed their surname to
579:, on the other hand, according to Portuguese sources they were ambushed by a force of war elephants while withdrawing.)
464:
from 1559 to 1560 which places the battle sometime after May 1559 and at the same time questions the above date (1562).
360:
It is said that 50 traitors of the Kingdom of Kotte fought with Veediya Bandara and his men to win that hefty price and
285:
and “Alakeshwara War“ would have said so if he had killed his father. João Rebairo does not record a patricide either.
657:
were issued pardons by Bandara and were ordered by him to relocate from Maggona to the kingdom's borders to guard its
1643:
1354:
1163:
1129:
1105:
1071:
1049:
1032:
1008:
944:
927:
687:
1763:
1631:
1625:
265:
Generally, the recorded period of Rajasinha's reign starts from 1581 to 1592. However, as per Portuguese navigator
1897:
1637:
1616:
1604:
357:
fought alone with Prince Tikiri's army to make enough time to fall back his Commander and friends of commanders.
1523:
1907:
1712:
1598:
1505:
1478:
1460:
1177:""The Sunday Times", Angan to the fore as the battle of Mulleriyawa rages to the sound of drums, 8 July 2012"
775:
544:
Once he received the news, Tikiri Bandara divided his forces into three groups. The first group consisted of
118:
266:
1841:
1670:
1610:
1511:
1484:
1429:
1203:
274:
1757:
1688:
1649:
1231:
1198:
1917:
1902:
1775:
1751:
1706:
1682:
1676:
1517:
1835:
1745:
1733:
1423:
427:
1912:
1399:
939:
B. Gunasekara. The Rajavaliya. AES reprint. New Delhi:Asian Educational Services; 1995. pp. 86-87,
446:
1853:
1847:
1808:
1769:
1694:
1441:
1435:
582:
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through Maedanda and Weragoda towards Mulleriyawa. Their objective was to capture the Mapitigama
277:, Rajasinha killed him. Minor Rajawaliya wrote that his patricide was considered an irreversible
1588:
1573:
1472:
1407:
1337:
1158:
B. Gunasekara. The Rajavaliya. AES reprint. New Delhi:Asian Educational Services; 1995. p. 88,
1003:
B. Gunasekara. The Rajavaliya. AES reprint. New Delhi:Asian Educational Services; 1995. p. 87,
186:
73:
1802:
667:
330:
318:
While his main battle was against the Portuguese forces in defense of the sovereignty of the
246:
1887:
1882:
1739:
780:
233:, known for his patriotism and fight against the Portuguese invasion of Sri Lanka. Born as
1226:
8:
1792:
1781:
1344:
1291:
785:
498:
230:
155:
45:
1660:
576:
557:
210:
897:
1159:
1142:
1125:
1101:
1084:
1067:
1045:
1028:
1004:
966:
940:
923:
749:
735:
720:
653:. All angampora-practising warriors from Maggona who had previously served under the
599:
553:
529:
reserves, it led to the famous reply “...If there is no powder they might load their
171:
1819:
1723:
1466:
809:
683:
654:
494:
454:
361:
338:
334:
319:
294:
278:
226:
90:
1495:
1176:
829:
561:
392:
326:
204:
108:
1876:
603:
407:
349:
1368:
493:
and their Sri Lankan supporters. It is believed that after the fall of the
473:
415:
342:
307:
290:
286:
645:) still maintain the weapon in their possession, using it to practise the
1542:
646:
431:
293:
kingdom, reported that the rumor of patricide was spreading only in the
303:
282:
60:
770:
753:
650:
619:
618:
cannon (canhão de berço – Breech-loading swivel gun usually used for
549:
548:
from Athurugiriya, Hewagama, Koratota, Hokandara, and 1000 Sitawakan
526:
485:
270:
238:
728:
703:
699:
695:
691:
662:
658:
634:
490:
477:
298:
134:
615:
367:
Rather than have them face certain death, Veediya Bandara ordered
545:
450:
438:
403:
501:
Maggona fighters were desperate for the country and the nation.
1269:
877:
859:
642:
592:
530:
411:
388:
434:
in 1562. But Portuguese sources provide a different picture.
607:
Chingalaz (Sinhalese) with teeth when he lost his weapons.
348:
This however was an ambush; secretly deployed forces above
442:
840:
838:
710:
acted as religious mentors of the King and strengthened
1196:
472:
The Portuguese advanced along the southern bank of the
830:
the first up-country Sinhalese who ascended the throne
835:
806:"ගණින්නාන්සේලා කියවිය යුතු සංඝරජ වැලවිට සරණංකර චරිතය"
676:
1535:
Monarchs from 1473 to 1592 were only regional rulers
441:
which almost reduced him to a state of delirium. So
1275:
Seethawaka Kingdom: in History of Ceylon (singhala)
1224:
883:
Seethawaka Kingdom: in History of Ceylon (singhala)
865:
Seethawaka Kingdom: in History of Ceylon (singhala)
341:as his ally. When word reached Veediya Bandara in
1360:(Kingdom of Sitawaka annexed by Kingdom of Kandy)
844:
399:at Balana in 1583 and chased Karalyadde Bandara.
1874:
690:'s conversion. He was reported to have settled
539:
1277:. Education publication press. pp. 80–84.
885:. Education publication press. pp. 78–79.
867:. Education publication press. pp. 79–80.
633:After the battle, Tikiri Bandara sent for the
512:
329:was crushing a rebellion, and in his absence,
1558:
1384:
1197:Hettiarachchi, Kumudini (12 September 2010).
734:Konappu Bandara having returned to Kandy via
297:. Queros was known for his antipathy towards
27:Sri Lankan king of Sitawaka from 1581 to 1593
1398:
241:, he received the name "Rajasinha" (meaning
1865:Monarchs of Kandy were only regional rulers
449:(nicknamed Baroche for his exploits at the
1572:
1565:
1551:
1391:
1377:
467:
310:on hearing about the death of his father.
895:
847:Conquista temporal e espiritual de Ceylaõ
586:Battle of Mulleriyawa - Troop Disposition
437:Pereira de Lacerda suffered from chronic
1225:Kulatunga, Thushara (22 November 2009).
1062:
1060:
1058:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
999:
581:
421:
273:(Chapter 4) written during the reign of
256:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
426:A Portuguese army led by Captain Major
14:
1875:
1546:
1372:
1239:from the original on 20 November 2012
1218:
1055:
1014:
898:"King Rajasinghe's battle of Colombo"
742:
1190:
1111:
976:
430:was defeated by Sitawakan forces at
1152:
252:
166:Queen Consort Nilupulmala Kirawelle
24:
677:Decline of the Kingdom of Sitawaka
462:captain-major of Portuguese Ceylon
25:
1929:
832:The Observer - December 29, 2002
497:with the Veediya Bandara's son,
1893:16th-century Sinhalese monarchs
1292:Kings & Rulers of Sri Lanka
1271:Professor Mangala Illangasinghe
1263:
1251:
1169:
1135:
1094:
1077:
1038:
959:
879:Professor Mangala Illangasinghe
861:Professor Mangala Illangasinghe
552:with targes. He sent them in a
445:sent a veteran commander named
289:envoy Spillburjon, who visited
229::පළමුවන රාජසිංහ) was a king of
950:
933:
916:
889:
871:
853:
823:
798:
460:De Menezes held the office of
313:
261:pre coronation, Prince Tikiri.
13:
1:
791:
776:List of monarchs of Sri Lanka
540:Second Battle of Mulleriyawa
373:Hiti Imbule Bodiraja Perumal
275:Kirti Sri Rajasinha of Kandy
7:
764:
513:First battle of Mulleriwaya
10:
1934:
1830:Sena Sammatha Wickramabahu
1703:Son of Vira Bahu II (1397)
1700:Son of Vira Bahu II (1397)
1418:Sena Sammatha Wickramabahu
1285:
845:Fernão de Queyroz (1916).
1863:
1818:
1791:
1722:
1659:
1587:
1580:
1533:
1494:
1451:
1406:
1351:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1309:
1260:The Island - May 20, 2011
1258:Mayadunne and Rajasinha I
896:Karunathilake, Halaliye.
628:
428:Afonso Pereira de Lacerda
200:
192:
182:
170:
162:
150:
140:
128:
124:
114:
104:
96:
89:
79:
69:
59:
51:
44:
37:
32:
1400:List of Kandyan monarchs
1227:"A truly Sri Lankan art"
196:Queen Consort Leelawathi
1764:Dharma Parakramabahu IX
1622:Interregnum (1283–1302)
1302:Mayadunne and Rajasinha
696:Tamil Shaivite Velalars
670:and Sinhalese culture.
556:to cut off the enemy's
468:Movements to the Battle
333:prepared to attack the
146:Pethangoda Bamboo Grove
144:1593 March 17 (aged 60)
18:Rajasinha I of Sitawaka
1898:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1589:Kingdom of Dambadeniya
1574:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1408:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1199:"A blow from the past"
587:
377:Varusapperuma Arachchi
306:from the siege of the
262:
1524:Sri Vikrama Rajasinha
585:
560:and to attack in the
422:Battle of Mulleriyawa
353:his head. Meanwhile,
331:Mayadunne of Sitawaka
260:
247:Battle of Mulleriyawa
1908:Monarchs of Sitawaka
1506:Sri Vijaya Rajasinha
1479:Vimaladharmasurya II
1461:Vimaladharmasuriya I
1355:Vimaladharmasuriya I
1297:The sitawaka Kingdom
781:History of Sri Lanka
638:historical records.
119:Vimaladharmasuriya I
1842:Karaliyadde Bandara
1793:Kingdom of Sitawaka
1512:Kirti Sri Rajasinha
1485:Vira Narendra Sinha
1430:Karaliyadde Bandara
786:Kingdom of Sitawaka
499:Don Juan Dharmapala
380:as a warrior king.
245:) after the fierce
156:Kingdom of Sitawaka
1758:Parakramabahu VIII
1713:Parakrama Bahu Epa
1661:Kingdom of Gampola
1644:Bhuvanaikabahu III
743:In popular culture
712:Shaiva Siddhantism
686:, the first since
588:
453:which lies in the
418:in 1581 and 1587.
355:Velayudha Arachchi
337:with the ruler of
263:
221:also known as the
211:Theravada Buddhism
176:Prince Rajasuriya
1918:Sri Lankan Hindus
1903:Monarchs of Kandy
1870:
1869:
1776:Bhuvanekabahu VII
1752:Parakramabahu VII
1671:Bhuvanaikabahu IV
1632:Bhuvanaikabahu II
1626:Parakkamabahu III
1540:
1539:
1518:Rajadhi Rajasinha
1452:House of Dinajara
1367:
1366:
1362:
1352:Succeeded by
1147:978-955-1266-77-6
1089:978-955-1266-77-6
971:978-955-1266-77-6
750:Darshan Dharmaraj
736:Mannar, Sri Lanka
688:Devanampiya Tissa
600:flanking maneuver
554:flanking maneuver
369:Vijeyakoon Mudali
216:
215:
178:Prince Jayasuriya
84:Kingdom abolished
16:(Redirected from
1925:
1836:Jayaweera Astana
1820:Kingdom of Kandy
1746:Bhuvanekabahu VI
1734:Parakramabahu VI
1724:Kingdom of Kotte
1689:Bhuvanaikabahu V
1638:Parakkamabahu IV
1617:Bhuvanaikabahu I
1605:Parakkamabahu II
1567:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1424:Jayaweera Astana
1393:
1386:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1358:
1345:King of Sitawaka
1335:Preceded by
1325:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1279:
1278:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1204:The Sunday Times
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1173:
1167:
1156:
1150:
1139:
1133:
1122:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1081:
1075:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1036:
1025:
1012:
1001:
974:
963:
957:
954:
948:
937:
931:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
893:
887:
886:
875:
869:
868:
857:
851:
850:
842:
833:
827:
821:
820:
818:
817:
808:. Archived from
802:
708:Velala Gurukkals
684:Shaiva Siddhanta
661:, including the
655:Kingdom of Kotte
495:Kingdom of Kotte
447:Jorge de Menezes
362:Maggona Arachchi
339:Kingdom of Kandy
335:Kingdom of Kotte
295:Kingdom of Kandy
279:anantharya karma
253:Ascent to throne
223:lion of Sitawaka
46:King of Sitawaka
39:Lion of Sitawaka
30:
29:
21:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1913:Sinhalese kings
1873:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1822:
1814:
1795:
1787:
1726:
1718:
1707:Vira Alakesvara
1691:(1372/3-1391/2)
1683:Vikramabahu III
1677:Parakkamabahu V
1673:(1344/5-1353/4)
1663:
1655:
1652:(1325/6–1344/5)
1646:(1325/6–1325/6)
1640:(1325/6–1325/6)
1591:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1498:
1496:Nayaks of Kandy
1490:
1453:
1447:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1340:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1232:Sunday Observer
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1157:
1153:
1140:
1136:
1123:
1112:
1099:
1095:
1082:
1078:
1065:
1056:
1043:
1039:
1026:
1015:
1002:
977:
964:
960:
955:
951:
938:
934:
921:
917:
907:
905:
894:
890:
876:
872:
858:
854:
843:
836:
828:
824:
815:
813:
804:
803:
799:
794:
767:
758:Kusumasana Devi
745:
698:at significant
679:
631:
602:worked and the
542:
515:
470:
424:
327:Veediya Bandara
316:
255:
205:Saiva Siddhanta
177:
158:
145:
133:
109:Kusumasana Devi
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1848:Dona Catherina
1845:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1770:Vijayabahu VII
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1599:Vijayabahu III
1595:
1593:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1436:Dona Catherina
1433:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1353:
1350:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1330:Regnal titles
1327:
1326:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1262:
1250:
1217:
1189:
1168:
1151:
1134:
1110:
1093:
1076:
1054:
1037:
1013:
975:
958:
949:
932:
915:
904:. Sunday times
888:
870:
852:
834:
822:
796:
795:
793:
790:
789:
788:
783:
778:
773:
766:
763:
762:
761:
744:
741:
717:Barandi Kovila
702:sites such as
678:
675:
630:
627:
541:
538:
514:
511:
486:military caste
469:
466:
455:bay of Cambaya
451:city of Broach
423:
420:
315:
312:
254:
251:
235:Tikiri Bandara
214:
213:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
154:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:1532 August 15
130:
126:
125:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
63:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1930:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1697:(1391/2-1397)
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1679:(1344/5-1359)
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:(1310–1325/6)
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1613:(1267/8–1270)
1612:
1611:Vijayabahu IV
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1532:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:Rajasinghe II
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1361:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1164:81-206-1029-6
1161:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1131:
1130:81-206-0765-1
1127:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1106:81-206-0765-1
1103:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1072:81-206-0765-1
1069:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1050:81-206-0765-1
1047:
1041:
1034:
1033:81-206-0765-1
1030:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1009:81-206-1029-6
1006:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
972:
968:
962:
953:
946:
945:81-206-1029-6
942:
936:
929:
928:81-206-0765-1
925:
919:
903:
899:
892:
884:
880:
874:
866:
862:
856:
848:
841:
839:
831:
826:
812:on 2017-01-20
811:
807:
801:
797:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
759:
755:
751:
748:Portrayed by
747:
746:
740:
737:
732:
730:
724:
722:
718:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
674:
671:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
636:
626:
623:
621:
617:
612:
608:
605:
604:war elephants
601:
596:
594:
584:
580:
578:
572:
569:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
537:
534:
532:
528:
523:
519:
510:
506:
502:
500:
496:
492:
487:
482:
479:
475:
465:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
419:
417:
413:
409:
408:Malabar coast
405:
400:
396:
394:
390:
384:
381:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
358:
356:
351:
350:Sitawaka fort
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
311:
309:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
259:
250:
248:
244:
243:the Lion King
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
212:
209:
206:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
185:
181:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
143:
139:
136:
131:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
91:King of Kandy
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1695:Vira Bahu II
1650:Vijayabahu V
1359:
1343:
1321:
1317: ? 1544
1314:
1311:Rajasinha I
1274:
1265:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1230:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1202:
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1171:
1154:
1137:
1096:
1079:
1040:
961:
952:
935:
918:
906:. Retrieved
901:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
846:
825:
814:. Retrieved
810:the original
800:
757:
752:in the 2019
733:
725:
723:and others.
711:
707:
680:
672:
640:
632:
624:
613:
609:
597:
589:
573:
570:
566:
543:
535:
524:
520:
516:
507:
503:
483:
474:Kelani River
471:
459:
436:
425:
416:Colombo Fort
401:
397:
385:
382:
366:
359:
347:
343:Uva Province
324:
317:
308:Colombo fort
291:Sengkadagala
264:
242:
234:
222:
219:Rajasinghe I
218:
217:
207:
83:
38:
1888:1593 deaths
1883:1544 births
1856:(1581–1591)
1854:Rajasinha I
1850:(1581–1581)
1844:(1551–1581)
1838:(1511–1551)
1832:(1473–1511)
1823:(1473-1592)
1811:(1581-1593)
1809:Rajasinha I
1805:(1521-1581)
1796:(1521–1593)
1784:(1551-1597)
1778:(1521-1551)
1772:(1509-1521)
1766:(1509-1528)
1760:(1484-1518)
1754:(1480-1484)
1748:(1472-1480)
1742:(1467-1472)
1740:Jayabahu II
1736:(1412-1467)
1727:(1412–1597)
1715:(1409-1412)
1709:(1397-1409)
1685:(1357-1374)
1664:(1345–1412)
1628:(1302–1310)
1619:(1271–1283)
1607:(1234–1269)
1601:(1220–1224)
1592:(1220–1345)
1582:(1220-1597)
1526:(1798–1815)
1520:(1782–1798)
1514:(1747–1782)
1508:(1739–1747)
1499:(1739–1815)
1487:(1707–1739)
1481:(1687–1707)
1475:(1635–1687)
1469:(1604–1635)
1463:(1590–1604)
1454:(1590–1739)
1444:(1581–1591)
1442:Rajasinha I
1438:(1581–1581)
1432:(1551–1581)
1426:(1511–1551)
1420:(1473–1511)
1411:(1473–1592)
706:, etc. The
647:martial art
620:grape shots
432:Mulleriyawa
314:Expeditions
105:Predecessor
70:Predecessor
33:Rajasinha I
1877:Categories
1782:Dharmapala
1349:1581–1593
1324:March 1592
1243:27 October
1210:27 October
1182:23 October
908:4 November
816:2010-01-20
792:References
756:TV series
721:kataragama
635:Arachchies
577:formations
546:militiamen
393:Alutnuwara
304:Seethawaka
283:Rajavaliya
61:Coronation
1803:Mayadunne
1338:Mayadunne
902:Sri Lanka
771:Mahavamsa
754:TV Derana
659:frontiers
651:angampora
550:swordsmen
527:gunpowder
271:Mahawamsa
267:De Queros
239:Mayadunne
187:Mayadunne
115:Successor
100:1581-1591
80:Successor
74:Mayadunne
55:1581–1593
1273:(1997).
1237:Archived
881:(1997).
863:(1997).
765:See also
729:Sitawaka
704:Sri Pada
700:Buddhist
692:Brahmans
668:Buddhism
663:Homagama
491:Portugal
478:stockade
299:Sitawaka
237:to King
231:Sitawaka
201:Religion
135:Sitawaka
1467:Senarat
1286:Sources
593:muskets
558:retreat
531:muskets
439:malaria
404:weapons
320:Sinhala
227:Sinhala
1320:
1162:
1145:
1128:
1104:
1087:
1070:
1048:
1031:
1007:
969:
943:
926:
643:Perera
629:Legacy
412:Kerala
389:korale
375:, and
325:Once,
193:Mother
183:Father
163:Spouse
151:Burial
1322:Died:
1315:Born:
616:berço
287:Dutch
208:prev.
172:Issue
97:Reign
52:Reign
1245:2015
1212:2015
1184:2014
1160:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1046:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1005:ISBN
967:ISBN
941:ISBN
924:ISBN
910:2015
694:and
598:The
562:rear
141:Died
129:Born
65:1581
649:of
443:Goa
410:or
1879::
1235:.
1229:.
1201:.
1113:^
1057:^
1016:^
978:^
900:.
837:^
564:.
371:,
249:.
1566:e
1559:t
1552:v
1392:e
1385:t
1378:v
1247:.
1214:.
1186:.
1166:.
1149:.
1132:.
1108:.
1091:.
1074:.
1052:.
1035:.
1011:.
973:.
947:.
930:.
912:.
849:.
819:.
760:.
225:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
