202:) The Spanish counterattack in 1617 and 1618 was brutal. Many TepehuĆ”n who were not killed or enslaved fled to the remotest part of the mountains where they avoided contact with the Spanish for more than 100 years. Quautlatas was apparently killed by the Spanish or died shortly after the war began. The revolt left the province ādestroyed and devastated, almost depopulated of Spaniards. It was one of the three bloodiest and most destructive Indian attempts to throw off Spanish control in northwestern New Spain." (the other two being the
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cross as his idol. To placate the gods, he said, the TepehuĆ”n āwould have to cut the throatsā of all
Christians. āIf they did not do this they would receive a terrible punishment in the form of illnesses, plagues, and famine. But if they obeyed him, he promised themā¦victory over the Spaniards. Even if some of them should die in battle, he promised them that within seven days they would be resurrectedā¦. God would create storms at seas, sinking the Spanish ships and thus preventing additional Spaniards from reaching these lands.ā
111:. Early Spanish explorers described them as numerous but, apparently, a series of epidemics of introduced European diseases reduced their numbers by more than 80 percent. By the time of the revolt their numbers may have been only about 10,000 Spanish silver miners and ranchers began settling in the TepehuƔn lands in the 1570s and
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who intervened here, with a pure scheme and design, which was received by these blind people. It enraged their spirit to take up arms against the faith of Christ and all that was
Christianityā¦..This was most clearly demonstrated by the diabolical shamans who had intimate dealings with the Devil and
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In early 1616, an elderly traditional religious leader, Quautlatas, rose to leadership among the TepehuƔn and promised to lead them out of bondage. Quautlatas had been baptized a
Christian and his message to his people had Christian elements in it. He called himself a bishop and carried a broken
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What the
Jesuits and other Spaniards did not fully comprehend was that the TepehuƔn were a people under enormous stress. The recurrent epidemics impoverished them and destroyed their faith in their traditional culture. The missionaries tried to convert them to Christianity by abolishing their
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missionaries began work among them in 1596. The TepehuĆ”n seemed relatively receptive to the missionaries and by 1615 a Jesuit could declare that the TepehuĆ”n āshowed great progress and were in the things of our holy faith very
Hispanic.
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Quautlatas did not lead the TepehuƔn in the revolt which began in
November 1616. Six war leaders carried out a series of coordinated attacks that left hundreds of Spaniards, including ten priests, and their
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demanded their labor in the mines and the missions and on the ranches. The missionaries perceived they were doing Godās work by baptizing
Indians dying of disease; the Indians equated baptism with death.
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161:. Quautlatas promised divine intervention to return to an idealized past in which the plagues and suffering brought upon the TepehuƔn by the Spanish would disappear.
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Quoted from Reff, Daniel T. āThe āPredicament of
Cultureā and Spanish Missionary Accounts of the TepehuĆ”n and Pueblo Revolts.ā
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religious practices, replacing their leaders with
Christians, and introducing Spanish customs. Both missionaries and
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History of the
Triumphs of our Holy Faith amongst the most Barbarous and Fierce Peoples of the New World
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were the main force and instigators of the uprising.ā Perez de Ribas compared Quautlatas with the
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as causing the revolt. It was not mistreatment by the Spanish which caused the revolt but rather ā
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The TepehuƔn were an agricultural people who lived primarily in the future Mexican state of
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Religious figures of the indigenous peoples of North America
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in 1616. Quautlatas was known as "The TepehuƔn Prophet".
198:(American Indian) allies and African slaves dead. (See
19:(Northern TepehuĆ”n pronunciation: /quƤutlĖƤtƤs/) was a
283:
Schmal, John P. āThe History of Indigenous Durango.ā
298:http://www.houstonculture.org/mexico/durango.html
285:http://www.houstonculture.org/mexico/durango.html
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230:Salt Lake City: U of UT Press, 2000, pp. 22ā23
261:. Tucson: U of AZ Press, 1999, pp. 594-595
23:religious leader who inspired the bloody
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257:Perez de Ribas, tr. Reff, Daniel T.
337:17th-century Native American leaders
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137:Quautlatas message was typical of
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141:movements such as the
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170:Andres Perez de Ribas
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76:Nationality
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196:Indigenous
189:The Revolt
183:antiChrist
139:millennial
86:Occupation
42:Quautlatas
17:Quautlatas
90:Religious
347:TepehuƔn
206:and the
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317:Durango
105:Durango
69:Durango
65:c. 1616
29:Spanish
113:Jesuit
33:Mexico
178:Satan
174:devil
159:China
147:PopƩ
62:Died
48:Born
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