205:. This move, however, alienated the citizens of Yingqiu, who consequently began to support Shan's plot to usurp the throne. Shan made his move in 860 BC, leading his followers and the people of Yingqiu in a surprise attack against Duke Hu, defeating and killing him. According to a later account, Hu was personally drowned by a Grand Master of Qi named Tsou Ma-hsü in the Chü River near Pugu. Shan then ascended the throne, and became known as Duke Xian. This coup, however, provoked a confrontation with the Zhou dynasty that had appointed the late Duke Hu as ruler of their choice.
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190:, which led King Yi to have Ai executed by boiling him in a huge caldron. The king then appointed Ai's half-brother Jing, subsequently known as Duke Hu, as the new ruler of Qi. Due to his ancestry and the nature of his rise to power, Duke Hu's reign appears to have suffered from legitimacy issues; especially because another, full brother of Ai, Shan, resented and challenged Duke Hu's rule.
237:'s rule, as the dynasty not only came into conflict with some of its formerly staunchest allies and most loyal vassals, but also failed to dislodge anti-Zhou rebels. On the other side, the conflict between the lines of Duke Hu and Duke Xian did not end in 859 BC, as one of Hu's sons led a revolt against
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have concluded that King Yi sent a punitive expedition under Shi Shi against Qi to remove the usurper Duke Xian from the throne in 860 BC. Since the latter continued to rule for another seven or eight years, Li Feng believes that the Zhou campaign failed and that the royal army possibly suffered "a
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humiliating defeat at the hands of the regional troops". After securing his rule, Duke Xian then proceeded to banish the late Duke Hu's sons from Qi in 859 BC and moved the ducal capital back to
Yingqiu, from then on known as Linzi.
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Li Feng considers the coup d'état of 860 BC as symptomatic for the increasing weakness and domestic disorder of the Zhou dynasty after
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425:: The Hereditary Houses of Pre-Han China, Part 1
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420:(2006). William H. Nienhauser, Jr. (ed.).
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470:9th century BC in China
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218:Edward L. Shaughnessy
157:coup d'état of 860 BC
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174:History
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50:860 BC
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