Puranas - Knowledge

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wives. The son of Bhaya (fear) and Máyá (deceit) was the destroyer of living creatures, or Mrityu (death); and Dukha (pain) was the offspring of Naraka (hell) and Vedaná (torture). The children of Mrityu were Vyádhi (disease), Jará (decay), Soka (sorrow), Trishńa (greediness), and Krodha (wrath). These are all called the inflictors of misery, and are characterised as the progeny of Vice (Adharma). They are all without wives, without posterity, without the faculty to procreate; they perpetually operate as causes of the destruction of this world. On the contrary, Daksha and the other Rishis, the elders of mankind, tend perpetually to influence its renovation: whilst the Manus and their sons, the heroes endowed with mighty power, and treading in the path of truth, as constantly contribute to its preservation.

2291: 1750:. Includes chapters on rivers, geography of Bharat (India) and other nations on earth, types of minerals and stones, testing methods for stones for their quality, various diseases and their symptoms, various medicines, aphrodisiacs, prophylactics, Hindu calendar and its basis, astronomy, moon, planets, astrology, architecture, building home, essential features of a temple, rites of passage, virtues such as compassion, charity and gift making, economy, thrift, duties of a king, politics, state officials and their roles and how to appointment them, genre of literature, rules of grammar, and other topics. The final chapters discuss how to practice 2635:, the Goddess Devi joins the competition and ascends for the position of being Supreme. Further, most Puranas emphasize legends around one who is either Shiva, or Vishnu, or Devi. The texts thus appear to be sectarian. However, states Edwin Bryant, while these legends sometimes appear to be partisan, they are merely acknowledging the obvious question of whether one or the other is more important, more powerful. In the final analysis, all Puranas weave their legends to celebrate pluralism, and accept the other two and all gods in Hindu pantheon as personalized form but equivalent essence of the Ultimate Reality called 6625: 2504: 2418:(devotional) context. Here the Puranic literature follows a general pattern. It starts with an introduction, where a future devotee is described as ignorant about the deity, yet curious. The devotee learns about the deity, and this begins their spiritual realization. The text then describes instances of this deity's grace, which begins to persuade and convert the devotee. The devotee, then, shows devotion, which is rewarded by the deity. The reward is appreciated by the devotee, who, in return, performs further actions to express further devotion. 2687: 3960: 2695:

divergent manuscripts with the same title exist. Scholars have long acknowledged the existence of Purana manuscripts that "seem to differ much from the printed edition", and it is unclear which one is accurate, and whether conclusions drawn from the randomly or cherrypicked printed version were universal over geography or time. This problem is most severe with Purana manuscripts of the same title, but in regional languages such as Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, and others which have largely been ignored.

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history, from individual introspective yoga to social celebratory festivals, from temples to pilgrimage, from one god to another, from goddesses to tantra, from the old to the new. These have been dynamic open texts, composed socially, over time. This, states Greg Bailey, may have allowed the Hindu culture to "preserve the old while constantly coming to terms with the new", and "if they are anything, they are records of cultural adaptation and transformation" over the last 2,000 years.

7931: 7941: 7920: 2430:". The story features Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, the three major deities of Hinduism, who get together, debate, and after various versions of the story, the glory of Shiva is established at the end by the apparition of the linga. This story, state Bonnefoy and Doniger, appears in Vayu Purana 1.55, Brahmanda Purana 1.26, Shiva Purana's Rudra Samhita Sristi Khanda 15, Skanda Purana's chapters 1.3, 1.16 and 3.1, and other Puranas. 2678:. More recent scholarship has attempted to, with limited success, states Ludo Rocher, use the Puranas for historical information in combination with independent corroborating evidence, such as "epigraphy, archaeology, Buddhist literature, Jaina literature, non-Puranic literature, Islamic records, and records preserved outside India by travelers to or from India in medieval times such as in China, Myanmar and Indonesia". 2469:(contentment); by Pusht́i (opulence), the progeny was Lobha (cupidity, greed); by Medhá (wisdom, experience), Sruta (sacred tradition); by Kriyá (hard work, labour), the progeny were Dańd́a, Naya, and Vinaya (justice, politics, and education); by Buddhi (intellect), Bodha (understanding); by Lajjá (shame, humility), Vinaya (good behaviour); by Vapu (body, strength), Vyavasaya (perseverance). Shanti (peace) gave birth to 6371: 7951: 2131: 2667:

copied from one generation to another. This paucity tempted 19th-century scholars to use the Puranas as a source of chronological and historical information about India or Hinduism. This effort was, after some effort, either summarily rejected by some scholars, or become controversial, because the Puranas include fables and fiction, and the information within and across the Puranas was found to be inconsistent.

6363: 102: 970:, genealogies of gods, goddesses, kings, heroes, sages, and demigods, folk tales, pilgrimages, temples, medicine, astronomy, grammar, mineralogy, humor, love stories, as well as theology and philosophy. The content is highly inconsistent across the Puranas, and each Purana has survived in numerous manuscripts which are themselves inconsistent. The Hindu Maha Puranas are traditionally attributed to " 2606:

antihistorical" because the Purana texts changed often over time and over distance, and the underlying presumption of them being religious texts is that those changes are "Hinduism expressed by a religious leader or philosopher", or the "expressiveness of Hindu mind", or "society at large", when the texts and passages are literary works and "individual geniuses of their authors".

1486:. Dedicates one chapter each, from Chapters 92 to 109, to summarize the other 17 Maha Puranas and itself. Lists major rivers of India and places of pilgrimage, and a short tour guide for each. Includes discussion of various philosophies, soteriology, planets, astronomy, myths and characteristics of major deities including Vishnu, Shiva, Devi, Krishna, Rama, Lakshmi and others. 993:, they shaped Hinduism more than the Vedas, providing a "culture synthesis" in weaving and integrating the diverse beliefs of a great number of local traditions into the Vedic-Brahmanic fold. While all Puranas praise many gods and goddesses and "their sectarianism is far less clear cut" than assumed, the religious practices included in them are considered 1213:. He points out that even for the better established and more coherent puranas such as Bhagavata and Vishnu, the dates proposed by scholars continue to vary widely and endlessly. The date of the production of the written texts does not define the date of origin of the Puranas. They existed in an oral form before being written down. In the 19th century, 1201:

and expansion of the Puranas did not stop after the Gupta era, and the texts continued to "grow for another five hundred or a thousand years" and these were preserved by priests who maintained Hindu pilgrimage sites and temples. The core of Itihasa-Puranas, states Klaus Klostermaier, may possibly go back to the seventh century BCE or even earlier.

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era, though amendments were made later. Along with inconsistencies, common ideas are found throughout the corpus, but it is not possible to trace the lines of influence of one Purana upon another, so the corpus is best viewed as a synchronous whole. An example of similar stories woven across the Puranas, but in different versions, include the

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in Bhavishya Purana. Further, states Prakash, they dedicated chapters to "secular subjects such as poetics, dramaturgy, grammar, lexicography, astronomy, war, politics, architecture, geography and medicine as in Agni Purana, perfumery and lapidary arts in Garuda Purana, painting, sculpture and other arts in Vishnudharmottara Purana".

2534:(the Hindu epics) and Puranas. The Puranas, states V.S. Agrawala, intend to "explicate, interpret, adapt" the metaphysical truths in the Vedas. In the general opinion, states Rocher, "the Puranas cannot be divorced from the Vedas" though scholars provide different interpretations of the link between the two. Scholars have given the 2700:

considerably in different provinces. Yet, one failed to draw the logical conclusion: besides the version or versions of Puranas that appear in our manuscripts, and fewer still in our editions, there have been numerous other versions, under the same titles, but which either have remained unnoticed or have been irreparably lost.

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Malaviya and VG Rahurkar state the connection is closer in that the Puranas are companion texts to help understand and interpret the Vedas. K.S. Ramaswami Sastri and Manilal N. Dvivedi reflect the third view which states that Puranas enable us to know the "true import of the ethos, philosophy, and religion of the Vedas".

1107:"The rk and saman verses, the chandas, the Purana along with the Yajus formulae, all sprang from the remainder of the sacrificial food, (as also) the demigods that resort to heaven. He changed his place and went over to great direction, and Itihasa and Purana, gathas, verses in praise of heroes followed in going over." 1362:. The north Indian manuscripts of Padma Purana are very different from south Indian versions, and the various recensions in both groups in different languages (Devanagari and Bengali, for example) show major inconsistencies. Like the Skanda Purana, it is a detailed treatise on travel and pilgrimage centers in India. 2552:, are best seen as "vast, often encyclopedic" works from ancient and medieval India. Some of them, such as the Agni Purana and Matsya Purana, cover all sorts of subjects, dealing with – states Rocher – "anything and everything", from fiction to facts, from practical recipes to abstract philosophy, from geographic 2160:

The difference between Upapuranas and Mahapuranas has been explained by Rajendra Hazra: "a Mahapurana is well known, and that what is less well known becomes an Upapurana". Rocher states that the distinction between Mahapurana and Upapurana is ahistorical, since there is little corroborating evidence

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Describes the birth of Skanda (or Karthikeya), son of Shiva. The longest Purana, it is an extraordinarily meticulous pilgrimage guide, containing geographical locations of pilgrimage centers in India, with related legends, parables, hymns and stories. Many untraced quotes are attributed to this text.

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Newly discovered Puranas manuscripts from the medieval centuries have attracted scholarly attention and the conclusion that the Puranic literature has gone through slow redaction and text corruption over time, as well as sudden deletion of numerous chapters and its replacement with new content to an

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Modern scholarship noticed all these facts. It recognized that the extent of the genuine Agni Purana was not the same at all times and in all places and that it varied with the difference in time and locality. (...) This shows that the text of the Devi Purana was not the same everywhere but differed

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These five or ten sections weave in biographies, myths, geography, medicine, astronomy, Hindu temples, pilgrimage to distant real places, rites of passage, charity, ethics, duties, rights, dharma, divine intervention in cosmic and human affairs, love stories, festivals, theosophy and philosophy. The

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Skanda Purana manuscript dated to be from the early 9th century. This discovery established that the Skanda Purana existed by the 9th century. However, a comparison shows that the 9th century document is entirely different from versions of Skanda Purana that have been circulating in South Asia since

4933:, pp. 1–5, 12–21, 79–80, 96–98; Quote: These are the true encyclopedic Puranas. in which detached chapters or sections, dealing with any imaginable subject, follow one another, without connection or transition. Three Puranas especially belong to this category: Matsya, Garuda and above all Agni. 2823:

Om Prakash states the Puranas served as an efficient medium for cultural exchange and popular education in ancient and medieval India. These texts adopted, explained, and integrated regional deities such as Pashupata in Vayu Purana, Sattva in Vishnu Purana, Dattatreya in Markendeya Purana, Bhojakas

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has been dated to be from 810 CE but is entirely different from versions of Skanda Purana that have been circulating in South Asia since the colonial era. Further discoveries of four more manuscripts, each different, suggest that document has gone through major redactions twice, first likely before

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It is related by Savarni to Narada, and centres around the greatness of Krishna and Radha. In this, the story of Brahma-varaha is repeatedly told. Notable for asserting that Krishna is the supreme reality and the gods Vishnu, Shiva, Brahma are incarnations of him. Mentions geography and rivers such

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The Bhavishya Purana (Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, lit. "Future Purana") is one of the eighteen major works in the Purana genre of Hinduism, written in Sanskrit.The title Bhavishya means "future" and implies it is a work that contains prophecies regarding the future, however, the "prophecy" parts of the extant

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circles". The original Puranas comes from the priestly roots while the later genealogies have the warrior and epic roots. These texts were collected for the "second time between the fourth and sixth centuries CE under the rule of the Gupta kings", a period of Hindu renaissance. However, the editing

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and Cornelia Dimmitt, the Puranas that have survived into the modern era are ancient but represent "an amalgam of two somewhat different but never entirely different separate oral literatures: the Brahmin tradition stemming from the reciters of the Vedas, and the bardic poetry recited by Sutas that

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The Puranas, states Flood, document the rise of the theistic traditions such as those based on Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess Devi and include respective mythology, pilgrimage to holy places, rituals and genealogies. The bulk of these texts, in Flood's view, were established by 500 CE, in the Gupta

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As they exist today, the Puranas are stratified literature. Each titled work consists of material that has grown by numerous accretions in successive historical eras. Thus no Purana has a single date of composition. (...) It is as if they were libraries to which new volumes have been continuously

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The wife of Adharma (vice, wrong, evil) was Hinsá (violence), on whom he begot a son Anrita (falsehood), and a daughter Nikriti (immorality): they intermarried, and had two sons, Bhaya (fear) and Naraka (hell); and twins to them, two daughters, Máyá (deceit) and Vedaná (torture), who became their

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Marinas Poullé (Mariyadas Pillai) published a French translation from a Tamil version of the Bhagavata Purana in 1788, and this was widely distributed in Europe becoming an introduction to the 18th-century Hindu culture and Hinduism to many Europeans during the colonial era. Poullé republished a

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Despite the diversity and wealth of manuscripts from ancient and medieval India that have survived into the modern times, there is a paucity of historical data in them. Neither the author name nor the year of their composition were recorded or preserved, over the centuries, as the documents were

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The most significant influence of the Puranas genre of Indian literature has been, stated scholars and particularly Indian scholars, in "culture synthesis", in weaving and integrating the diverse beliefs from ritualistic rites of passage to Vedantic philosophy, from fictional legends to factual

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One of the most studied and circulated Puranas, it also contains genealogical details of various dynasties. Better preserved after the 17th century, but exists in inconsistent versions, more ancient pre-15th century versions are very different from modern versions, with some versions discussing

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The study of Puranas as religious texts remains a controversial subject. Some Indologists, in the colonial tradition of scholarship, treat the Puranic texts as scriptures, or as useful sources of religious contents. Other scholars, such as Ronald Inden, consider this approach "essentialist and

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Some scholars such as Govinda Das suggest that the Puranas claim a link to the Vedas but in name only, not in substance. The link is purely a mechanical one. Scholars such as Viman Chandra Bhattacharya and PV Kane state that the Puranas are a continuation and development of the Vedas. Sudhakar

1746:. Cosmology, Describes cosmology, relationship between gods. Discusses ethics, what are crimes, good versus evil, various schools of Hindu philosophies, the theory of Yoga, the theory of "heaven and hell" with "karma and rebirth", includes Upanishadic discussion of self-knowledge as a means of 1554:

and neighboring states), cultural history, politics, education system, iconography, taxation theories, organization of army, theories on proper causes for war, diplomacy, local laws, building public projects, water distribution methods, trees and plants, medicine, Vastu Shastra (architecture),

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The Puranic literature, suggests Khanna, influenced "acculturation and accommodation" of a diversity of people, with different languages and from different economic classes, across different kingdoms and traditions, catalyzing the syncretic "cultural mosaic of Hinduism". They helped influence

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The study of Puranas manuscripts has been challenging because they are highly inconsistent. This is true for all Mahapuranas and Upapuranas. Most editions of Puranas, in use particularly by Western scholars, are "based on one manuscript or on a few manuscripts selected at random", even though

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scholars who introduced a distorted picture of Indian literature and Puranas as "sacred scriptures of India" in 1767. Holwell, states Urs App, "presented it as the opinion of knowledgeable Indians; But it is abundantly clear that no knowledgeable Indian would ever have said anything remotely

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3.7 describes the meeting between the Buddha and Sela. It has been translated by Mills and Sujato as, "(...) the brahmin Sela was visiting Āpaṇa. He was an expert in the three Vedas, with the etymologies, the rituals, the phonology and word analysis, and fifthly the legendary

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published one of the earliest English translations of one version of the Vishnu Purana in 1840. The same manuscript, and Wilson's translation, was reinterpreted by Manmatha Nath Dutt and published in 1896. The All India Kashiraj Trust has published editions of the Puranas.

2263:, the son of Shiva and Uma, and the brother of the deity Ganesha. The mythological part of the text weaves together the stories of Shiva and Vishnu, along with those featuring Parvati, Rama, Krishna and other major gods in the Hindu pantheon. In Chapter 1.8, it declares, 2727:

Rocher states that the date of the composition of each Purana remains a contested issue. Dimmitt and van Buitenen state that each of the Puranas manuscripts is encyclopedic in style, and it is difficult to ascertain when, where, why and by whom these were written:

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the 12th century, and the second very large change sometime in the 15th-16th century for unknown reasons. The different versions of manuscripts of Skanda Purana suggest that "minor" redactions, interpolations, and corruption of the ideas in the text over time.

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as the arranger of already existing material into eighteen Puranas. In the early references, states Coburn, the term Purana occurs in singular unlike the later era which refers to a plural form presumably because they had assumed their "multifarious form".

2647:, or power of the male divinity. The term monotheism, if applied to the Puranic tradition, needs to be understood in the context of a supreme being, whether understood as Vishnu, Shiva or Devi, who can manifest himself or herself as other supreme beings. 2630:

Scholars have debated whether the Puranas should be categorized as sectarian, or non-partisan, or monotheistic religious texts. Different Puranas describe a number of stories where Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva compete for supremacy. In some Puranas, such as

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manuscripts are a modern era addition and hence not an integral part of the Bhavishya Purana.Those sections of the surviving manuscripts that are dated to be older, are partly borrowed from other Indian texts such as Brihat Samhita and Shamba Purana.

923:) are a vast genre of Hindu literature about a wide range of topics, particularly about legends and other traditional lore. The Puranas are known for the intricate layers of symbolism depicted within their stories. Composed originally in 1152:' was employed in the texts, a class of works was meant. Further, despite the mention of the term Purana or Puranas in the Vedic texts, there is uncertainty about the contents of them until the composition of the oldest Dharmashastra 1144:(II.10) uses the term in the plural. Therefore, states Kane, that in the later Vedic period at least, the Puranas referred to three or more texts, and that they were studied and recited. In numerous passages the Mahabharata mentions ' 2902:

Like all Puranas, this text underwent extensive revisions and rewrite in its history; the extant manuscripts are predominantly an encyclopedia, and so secular in its discussions of gods and goddesses that scholars have classified as

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Ludo Rocher, in his review of Puranas as sectarian texts, states, "even though the Puranas contain sectarian materials, their sectarianism should not be interpreted as exclusivism in favor of one god to the detriment of all others".

2523:, is independent, has changed often over its history, and has little relation to the Vedic age or the Vedic literature. In contrast, Purana literature is evidently intended to serve as a complement to the Vedas, states Vans Kennedy. 1349:

A large compilation of diverse topics, it describes cosmology, the world and nature of life from the perspective of Vishnu. It also discusses festivals, numerous legends, geography of rivers and regions from northwest India to

1458:, and of Vaishnavism. It contains genealogical details of various dynasties. Numerous inconsistent versions of this text and historical manuscripts exist, in many Indian languages. Influential and elaborated during 985:(Minor Puranas), with over 400,000 verses. The first versions of various Puranas were likely to have been composed between 3rd and 10th century CE. While the Puranas do not enjoy the authority of a scripture in 1182:

According to Thomas Coburn, Puranas and early extra-puranic texts attest to two traditions regarding their origin, one proclaiming a divine origin as the breath of the Great Being, the other as a human named

2763:, where liberties in the transmission of Puranas were normal and those who copied older manuscripts replaced words or added new content to fit the theory that the colonial scholars were keen on publishing. 1742:

An encyclopedia of diverse topics. Primarily about Vishnu, but praises all gods. Describes how Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma collaborate. Many chapters are a dialogue between Vishnu and the bird-vehicle

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and do not have scripture or quasi-canonical status in Jainism tradition. They are best described, states John Cort, as post-scripture literary corpus based upon themes found in Jain scriptures.

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sections or travel guide to Mathura and Nepal. Presentation focuses on Varaha as incarnation of Narayana, but rarely uses the terms Krishna or Vasudeva. Many illustrations also involve Shiva and

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or the major Puranas. These are said to be eighteen in number, divided into three groups of six, though they are not always counted in the same way. The list of Mahapuranas is mentioned in the

1080:, is hagiographically credited as the compiler of the Puranas. The ancient tradition suggests that originally there was but one Purana. Vishnu Purana (3.6.15) mentions that Vyasa entrusted his 2519:

The relation of the Puranas with Vedas has been debated by scholars, some holding that there's no relationship, others contending that they are identical. The Puranic literature, stated

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Sometimes also called Adi Purana, because many Mahapuranas lists put it first of 18. The text has 245 chapters, shares many passages with Vishnu, Vayu, Markendeya Puranas, and with the

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The colonial-era scholars of Puranas studied them primarily as religious texts, with Vans Kennedy declaring in 1837 that any other use of these documents would be disappointing.

4093: 4910: 4908: 4905: 2639:. The Puranas are not spiritually partisan, states Bryant, but "accept and indeed extol the transcendent and absolute nature of the other, and of the Goddess Devi too". 1774:, law codes, system of governance, administration, diplomacy, trade, ethics. Old manuscripts of Brahmanda Purana have been found in the Hindu literature collections of 2560:. However, some of the 36 major and minor Puranas are more focused handbooks, such as the Skanda Purana, Padma Purana and Bhavishya Purana, which deal primarily with 974:", but many scholars considered them likely the work of many authors over the centuries; in contrast, most Jaina Puranas can be dated and their authors assigned. 1136:

is the Veda, this it is" (XIII.4.3.13). However, states P.V. Kane, it is not certain whether these texts suggested several works or a single work with the term

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A Whitney Sanford (2006), Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity (Editor: Guy Beck), State University of New York Press,

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or copied during the British India colonial era, some in the 19th century. The scholarship on various Puranas, has suffered from frequent forgeries, states

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Patton, Laurie L.(1994), Authority, Anxiety, and Canon: Essays in Vedic Interpretation SUNY Series in Hindu Studies, State University of New York Press,

2556:(travel guides) to cosmetics, from festivals to astronomy. Like encyclopedias, they were updated to remain current with their times, by a process called 3128:

John Cort (1993), Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts (Editor: Wendy Doniger), State University of New York Press,

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This text underwent a near complete rewrite in or after 15th/16th century CE, and almost all extant manuscripts are Vaishnava (Krishna) bhakti oriented.

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This text is named after a Vishnu avatar, but extant manuscripts praise all gods and goddesses equally with some versions focusing more on Shiva.

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I want to stress the fact that it would be irresponsible and highly misleading to speak of or pretend to describe the religion of the Puranas.

2473:(forgiveness); Siddhi (excellence) to Sukha (enjoyment); and Kírtti (glorious speech) gave birth to Yasha (reputation). These were the sons of 1088:, who in turn imparted it to his disciples, three of whom compiled their own samhitas. These three, together with Lomaharshana's, comprise the 1358:, major sages of India, various Avatars of Vishnu and his cooperation with Shiva, a story of Rama-Sita that is different from the Hindu epic 3438: 8834: 7987: 4847: 4808: 3781: 3182: 2643:

merely affirm that the other deity is to be considered a derivative manifestation of their respective deity, or in the case of Devi, the

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that either were more or less known, and that "the term Mahapurana occurs rarely in Purana literature, and is probably of late origin."

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Buddhism and Jainism. Some chapters likely composed in Kashmir and Punjab region of South Asia. A Vaishnavism text, focused on Vishnu.

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in 1767, described the Puranas as "18 books of divine words". British officials and researchers such as Holwell, states Urs App, were

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Tracy Pintchman (2005), Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares, State University of New York Press,

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extent that the currently circulating Puranas are entirely different from those that existed before 11th century, or 16th century.

2674:, Andhra Pradesh. Basham, as well as Kosambi, have questioned whether lack of inconsistency is sufficient proof of reliability and 824: 1939:

The Puranas have also been classified based on a specific deity, although the texts are mixed and revere all gods and goddesses:

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Rajendra Hazra (1956), Discovery of the genuine Agneya-purana, Journal of the Oriental Institute Baroda, Vol. 4-5, pages 411-416

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river. Includes legends about Brahma and Saraswati. It also contains a controversial genealogical details of various dynasties.

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as an example of the links and continuity of the Vedic content, such as its providing an interpretation of the Gayatri mantra.

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Several Puranas, such as the Matsya Purana, list "five characteristics" or "five signs" of a Purana. These are called the

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R Andriaensen et al. (1994), Towards a critical edition of the Skandapurana, Indo-Iranian Journal, Vol. 37, pages 325-331

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Beck, Guy. "Two braj-bhāṣā versions of the Rāsa-Līlā pañcādhyāyī and their musical performance in Vaiṣṇava worship". In

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One of the earliest composed Puranas, it contains a controversial genealogical details of various dynasties. Includes

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Wilczewska, Ilona. ""Live with the text and listen to its words" : Bhāgavata recitation in changing times". In

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A few Puranas, such as the most popular Bhagavata Purana, add five more characteristics to expand this list to ten:

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Kengo Harimoto (2004), in Origin and Growth of the Purāṇic Text Corpus (Editor: Hans Bakker), Motilal Banarsidass,

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BN Krishnamurti Sharma (2008), A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Motilal Banarsidass,

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In early 20th-century, some regional records were found to be more consistent, such as for the Hindu dynasties in

2564:(pilgrimage travel guides). while Vayu Purana and Brahmanda Purana focus more on history, mythology and legends. 2290: 7980: 7836: 7367: 3022: 8035: 4513:

Edelmann, Jonathan. "Dialogues on natural theology: the Bhāgavata Purāṇa's cosmology as religious practice". In

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Gupta, Gopal. ""Many calamities befall us at every step": the Bhāgavata's response to the problem of evil". In

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The texts use ideas, concepts and even names that are symbolic. The words can interpreted literally, and at an

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The cultural influence of the Puranas extended to Indian classical arts, such as songs, dance culture such as

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The Strides of Vishnu : Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective

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Schweig, Graham. "The Rāsa-Līlā of Krishna and the Gopīs: on the Bhāgavata's vision of boundless love". In

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Schweig, Graham. "The Rāsa-Līlā of Krishna and the Gopīs: on the Bhāgavata's vision of boundless love". In

4198: 2433:

The texts are in Sanskrit as well as regional languages, and almost entirely in narrative metric couplets.

5342: 2848:

The myths, lunar calendar schedule, rituals, and celebrations of major Hindu cultural festivities such as

2277:

The Skanda Purana has received renewed scholarly interest ever since the late 20th century discovery of a

9461: 7858: 4257: 4219: 3508:

Thomas Colburn (2002), Devī-māhātmya: The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition, Motilal Banarsidass,

1437:(books), however the Purana adds that it was abridged by sage Vyasa before being taught to Romaharshana. 542: 8608: 2461:(desire); by Lakshmí (wealth, prosperity), was born Darpa (pride); by Dhriti (courage), the progeny was 1698:

Contains a combination of Vishnu and Shiva related legends, mythology, Tirtha (pilgrimage) and theology

9606: 8698: 8593: 7973: 7885: 7377: 6954: 6410: 6383: 2169:

are eighteen in number, with disagreement as to which canonical titles belong in that list of eighteen.

780: 581: 8553: 6029:

The Triumph of the Goddess – The Canonical Models and Theological Visions of the DevI-BhAgavata PuraNa

5329: 4077: 2122:

consider it an Upapurana. There are discussions on whether the Devi Bhagavata Purana is a Mahapurana.

8874: 8460: 8030: 7905: 6831: 6345: 5369:(1968), Tamil Studies in French Indology, in Tamil Studies Abroad, Xavier S Thani Nayagam, pages 1-14 1551: 6484: 9213: 8514: 8497: 8094: 7699: 7357: 7281: 6987: 6769: 6744: 6319: 6072: 4240: 2963:

This text includes the famous Devi-Mahatmya, one of the most important Goddess-related text of the

1333:, and weaves themes of Vishnu and Shiva, but hardly any mention of deity Brahma despite the title. 893: 705: 700: 265: 245: 8558: 6519: 5195:

Dominic Goodall (2009), Parākhyatantram, Vol 98, Publications de l'Institut Français d'Indologie,

1784:

The Puranas, according to Flood, have traditionally been classified according to three qualities (

9269: 9240: 8774: 8754: 8444: 8136: 7535: 7395: 7066: 6606: 6549: 4917:, p. 146, Quote: The earliest promotional works aimed at tourists from that era were called 4204: 2976:

There are only four Vedas in Hinduism. Several texts have been claimed to have the status of the

1221:, based on her study of indologists, assigns approximate dates to the various Puranas. She dates 1176: 803: 685: 636: 31: 7430: 9319: 9054: 9019: 8455: 8180: 7878: 7831: 7041: 6764: 6166: 5907: 4225: 3997: 3544: 2573: 2026: 1882: 1580: 1290:, part 3, chapter 6, verses 21–24. The number of verses in each Mahapurana is mentioned in the 611: 405: 270: 17: 8471: 6330: 4831: 4792: 3765: 3166: 2690:

An 11th-century Nepalese palm-leaf manuscript in Sanskrit of Devimahatmya (Markandeya Purana).

9480: 8232: 7900: 7853: 7826: 7789: 7046: 6124: 5049:

Edwin Bryant (2003), Krishna: The Beautiful Legend of God: Srimad Bhagavata Purana, Penguin,

4171: 3803: 3385: 3225: 2739: 2632: 2099: 1986: 1192: 1154: 616: 517: 7362: 5657: 5523: 5382:

Zubko, Katherine. "Krishna come soon: Bharata Natyam and the Bhāgavata Purāṇa on stage". In

2614:

The Jaina Puranas are like Hindu Puranas encyclopedic epics in style, and are considered as

2515:. The legend behind the Krishna and Gopis relief above is described in the Bhagavata Purana. 1148:' in both singular and plural forms. Moreover, it is not unlikely that, where the singular ' 9601: 9473: 9313: 8618: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7784: 7261: 6754: 6739: 6391: 6338: 5414:

R Champakalakshmi (2012), Cultural History of Medieval India (Editor: M Khanna), Berghahn,

5133: 4668:

Sara Schastok (1997), The Śāmalājī Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India, BRILL,

2771: 2756: 2491: 1808:), with each quality having six puranas focused, but not exclusively, upon a single deity. 690: 255: 212: 85: 8274: 4339:

Sankaranarayana, T.N. "Verbal Narratives: Performance and Gender of the Padma Purana". In

3718: 8: 9532: 9467: 9404: 9349: 8964: 8904: 8678: 8252: 8176: 8010: 7923: 7890: 7769: 7660: 7595: 7445: 7304: 7184: 7056: 6884: 6821: 6774: 6314: 6264: 4685:

Edwin Bryant (2007), Krishna : A Sourcebook: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Press,

3931:

A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and Literature

3658: 1771: 1722:

of Vishnu. Likely composed in west India, by people aware of geographical details of the

1217:

believed the "original Purana" may date to the time of the final redaction of the Vedas.

1168: 1160: 909: 626: 226: 122: 8839: 8573: 8099: 6573: 6433: 312: 9539: 8478: 8289: 8119: 7725: 7684: 6976: 6789: 6734: 5938:

Rao, Velcheru Narayana (1993). "Purana as Brahminic Ideology". In Doniger Wendy (ed.).

4894: 4886: 2588:

Modern scholarship doubts this 19th-century premise. Ludo Rocher, for example, states,

1901: 1804: 928: 596: 322: 289: 207: 8819: 8489: 8322: 6949: 6924: 5911: 2102:, which Srivastava says both are called Mahapuranas in Sanskrit literature, where the 1754:(Samkhya and Advaita types), personal development and the benefits of self-knowledge. 9561: 9455: 8869: 8849: 8804: 8673: 8450: 8426: 8419: 7996: 7940: 7934: 7814: 7804: 7670: 7605: 6998: 6939: 6794: 6784: 6171: 6051: 6032: 6004: 5967: 5943: 5926: 5893: 5874: 5841: 5822: 5792: 5773: 5754: 5735: 5716: 5685: 5664: 5641: 5602: 5581: 5550: 5529: 5501: 5484: 5437: 5415: 5297: 5216: 5196: 5089: 5067: 5050: 4990: 4973: 4898: 4837: 4798: 4759: 4703: 4686: 4669: 4424: 4395: 4267: 4263: 4177: 4055: 3935: 3809: 3771: 3509: 3477: 3391: 3324: 3307: 3231: 3172: 3129: 3063: 3018: 3014: 2686: 2503: 2267:

Vishnu is nobody but Shiva, and he who is called Shiva is but identical with Vishnu.

2110:, and Aditya Upa Purana admit the Devi Bhagavata Purana as a Mahapurana, whereas the 2082: 1990: 1886: 1494: 1222: 919: 880: 695: 665: 631: 569: 410: 294: 284: 9134: 8169: 7405: 6455: 3579: 3577: 9596: 9436: 9074: 8708: 8643: 8431: 8365: 8294: 8075: 8067: 7675: 7585: 7476: 7076: 7071: 7036: 7011: 6897: 6854: 6541: 6401: 6299: 6191: 6176: 6161: 6117: 5925:. Original publisher Oxford University Press, London. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass. 4878: 3381: 2904: 2875:

Six disciples: Sumati, Agnivarchaha, Mitrayu, Shamshapyana, Akritaverna and Savarni

2536: 2180: 2095: 2086: 2070: 2042: 1994: 1890: 1878: 1841: 1762: 1563: 1446: 1291: 1249: 1172: 1052: 850: 770: 720: 641: 606: 434: 415: 400: 352: 9525: 8653: 6859: 5293:

Scottish Orientalists and India: The Muir Brothers, Religion, Education and Empire

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The Skanda Purana is the largest Purana with 81,000 verses, named after the deity

357: 9546: 9493: 9424: 9288: 9249: 9024: 8894: 8769: 8668: 8344: 8262: 8237: 8159: 7944: 7809: 7762: 7744: 7694: 7628: 7610: 7553: 7503: 7322: 7226: 7099: 7061: 7031: 6869: 6759: 6598: 6591: 6438: 6196: 5961: 5859: 5852: 5809:

History of Dharmasastra (Ancient and mediaeval Religious and Civil Law), Vol. 5.2

5679: 5596: 5544: 5291: 5140: 4656: 4370: 4097: 3929: 3574: 3532: 3471: 3348: 3057: 2481:(love, emotional fulfillment) had baby Hersha (joy) by his wife Nandi (delight). 2050: 1849: 1459: 998: 760: 740: 715: 439: 367: 260: 9114: 8185: 6524: 2366:: Accounts of royal dynasties, including the Suryavamshi and Chandravamshi kings 9512: 9379: 9236: 9099: 9049: 9039: 8688: 8583: 8465: 8408: 8378: 8247: 8020: 7779: 7715: 7558: 6902: 6779: 6749: 6584: 6294: 6274: 6091: 5366: 4649: 2833: 2808: 2235: 2230: 1214: 1037: 962:

The Puranic literature is encyclopedic, and it includes diverse topics such as

750: 530: 250: 231: 9084: 8269: 8200: 6448: 2576:, who from 1732 onwards spent 30 years in India and was elected Fellow of the 9590: 9342: 9335: 9327: 9295: 9257: 8548: 8521: 8384: 8371: 8358: 8312: 8257: 7895: 7799: 7578: 7352: 7090: 6981: 6892: 6826: 6289: 6284: 6236: 6226: 6211: 6201: 6186: 6181: 6156: 5628: 2982: 2799: 2577: 2549: 2446: 2208: 2194: 2147: 2115: 2107: 2074: 2066: 2062: 2054: 2046: 2038: 1998: 1970: 1927: 1919: 1894: 1874: 1857: 1845: 1837: 1734: 1706: 1670: 1653: 1629: 1555:

gemology, grammar, metrics, poetry, food, rituals and numerous other topics.

1527: 1503: 1470: 1370: 1317: 1287: 1253: 1245: 1233: 1218: 765: 755: 730: 725: 680: 493: 469: 459: 454: 444: 429: 395: 317: 8126: 4972:

Urs App (2010), The Birth of Orientalism, University of Pennsylvania Press,

4953: 4951: 3636: 3290: 3288: 3286: 1209:

It is not possible to set a specific date for any Purana as a whole, states

9487: 9447: 9307: 9282: 9094: 8994: 8979: 8713: 8543: 8351: 8284: 8164: 8144: 8025: 7450: 7415: 7312: 6929: 6309: 6304: 6279: 6246: 6241: 6221: 6206: 5930: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3168:

Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom: The Universal Hindu Vision and Its Edifice

2889: 2652:

Edwin Bryant, Krishna: The Beautiful Legend of God: Srimad Bhagavata Purana

2512: 2213: 2119: 2111: 2078: 2014: 2010: 1974: 1923: 1915: 1911: 1853: 1690: 1605: 1397: 1387: 1341: 1261: 1257: 1112: 735: 670: 591: 488: 483: 464: 449: 8114: 6085: 5996: 5633: 4794:

Between Jerusalem and Benares: Comparative Studies in Judaism and Hinduism

4737: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4054:

Catherine Ludvik (2007), Sarasvatī, Riverine Goddess of Knowledge, BRILL,

3999:

The Vishṅu Purāṅa: a system of Hindu mythology and tradition Volume 1 of 4

3306:

Dominic Goodall (1996), Hindu Scriptures, University of California Press,

2360:: cosmic cycles, the history of the world during the time of one patriarch 2319: 1790:) which are inherent in existence, namely the quality of light or purity ( 1279: 900: 9390: 9373: 9205: 9174: 9064: 9044: 8814: 8638: 8598: 8588: 8390: 8205: 8089: 7757: 7590: 7518: 7508: 7420: 7410: 7385: 7026: 7021: 6912: 6706: 6690: 6633: 6568: 6504: 6231: 6216: 5957: 5114: 4948: 3535:, To Sela and his Praise of the Buddha, Laurence Mills and Bhikkhu Sujato 3283: 2986:, a Sanskrit text on the performing arts, is sometimes given this status. 2912: 2784: 2760: 2719:

For example, a newly discovered palm-leaf manuscript of Skanda Purana in

2675: 2619: 2597: 2581: 2457:

by the daughters of Daksha were as follows: by Sraddhá (devotion) he had

2103: 2058: 1958: 1931: 1679: 1542: 1522:. Named after sage Markandeya, a student of Brahma. Contains chapters on 1515: 1326: 1237: 1210: 1076: 621: 601: 549: 503: 498: 155: 93: 9009: 5940:

Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts

3730: 997:(congruent with Vedic literature). The Puranic literature wove with the 9568: 9367: 9124: 9104: 9014: 8969: 8944: 8884: 8879: 8829: 8749: 8723: 8658: 8484: 8437: 8242: 8190: 7655: 7623: 7568: 7425: 7134: 6971: 6944: 6726: 6499: 5770:

Querying the Medieval: Texts and the History of Practices in South Asia

4890: 4728: 4139: 3805:

The Cosmology of the Bhagavata Purana 'Mysteries of the Sacred Universe

3204: 3202: 3200: 2977: 2857: 2520: 2299: 775: 197: 184: 8414: 5102: 4989:

Jan Gonda (1975), Selected Studies: Indo-European linguistics, BRILL,

3547:

2.4.10, 4.1.2, 4.5.11. Satapatha Brahmana (SBE, Vol. 44, pp. 98, 369).

1175:

as "the corpus of histories and ancient tales as the fifth Veda". The

9518: 9504: 9149: 8984: 8809: 8784: 8703: 8663: 8648: 8603: 8401: 8195: 7774: 7563: 7513: 7486: 7435: 7400: 7390: 7342: 7241: 7209: 7154: 7051: 7006: 6680: 6256: 5870: 2837: 2671: 2381:

links between the deities, sages, kings and the various living beings

2351: 2342: 2332: 2260: 2155: 2143: 2033: 1241: 1197: 967: 963: 745: 675: 576: 150: 8149: 7965: 5255: 5253: 4772: 3197: 9361: 9144: 9034: 8974: 8924: 8919: 8764: 8759: 8718: 8683: 8633: 8568: 8563: 8317: 8154: 7819: 7638: 7633: 7523: 7460: 7440: 7271: 7107: 6934: 6907: 6874: 6816: 6716: 6711: 6685: 6610: 6494: 6366: 5238: 4882: 4618: 4616: 4451: 4449: 2964: 2916: 2908: 2885: 2466: 2442: 2307: 2303: 2139: 1786: 1618: 1531: 1433:

asserts that it once consisted of 100,000 verses set out in twelve

1416: 1412: 1408: 1359: 1026: 986: 952: 948: 924: 537: 372: 179: 174: 145: 101: 9154: 6648: 5732:

Viraha-Bhakti – The Early History of Krsna Devotion in South India

1550:

Contains encyclopedic information. Includes geography of Mithila (

1277:

Of the many texts designated 'Puranas' the most important are the

1167:

Another early mention of the term 'Itihas-purana' is found in the

111: 9164: 9159: 9139: 9079: 9069: 9059: 8999: 8949: 8939: 8864: 8854: 8844: 8789: 8623: 8503: 8227: 8104: 8079: 8015: 7720: 7573: 7491: 7481: 7256: 7246: 7219: 7214: 7204: 7159: 7144: 7139: 6864: 6849: 6841: 6808: 6675: 6578: 6553: 6529: 6428: 6418: 5638:

Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts

5250: 2636: 2248: 1723: 1519: 1507: 1483: 1454:

The most studied and popular of the Puranas, telling of Vishnu's

1434: 1424: 1355: 1009:

scholars have commented on the underlying Vedantic themes in the

1006: 956: 710: 654: 362: 347: 340: 169: 140: 8889: 6514: 6370: 5543:

Bailey, Gregory (2003). "The Puranas". In Sharma, Arvind (ed.).

4613: 4446: 4405: 4115: 3562: 2130: 9430: 9418: 9355: 9275: 9169: 9119: 9109: 9004: 8989: 8909: 8899: 8859: 8799: 8794: 8779: 8744: 8693: 8613: 8279: 8109: 8050: 7752: 7730: 7543: 7496: 7455: 7337: 7327: 7266: 7174: 7117: 7112: 6966: 6653: 6489: 6475: 6460: 6360: 2853: 2820:

cultural pluralism in India and are a literary record thereof.

2625: 2508: 2474: 2462: 2454: 2415: 2400: 1981: 1965: 1869: 1832: 1827: 1792: 1747: 1743: 1719: 1715: 1614: 1594: 1523: 1455: 1403: 1351: 1330: 1099:

appears in the Vedic texts. For example, Atharva Veda mentions

1002: 990: 944: 936: 931:

Indian languages, several of these texts are named after major

785: 116: 4869:

Bolle, Kee (Winter 1963). "Reflections on a Puranic Passage".

2733:

added, not necessarily at the end of the shelf, but randomly.

9412: 9301: 9263: 9184: 9179: 9089: 8959: 8914: 8824: 8628: 8578: 8527: 8508: 8084: 8045: 7648: 7643: 7347: 7317: 7251: 7231: 7169: 7149: 7122: 6961: 6663: 6563: 6509: 6465: 6443: 5395: 5393: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 2804: 2720: 2427: 2414:

Puranas link gods to men, both generally and in a religious,

2378: 2278: 2135: 2021: 2005: 1906: 1864: 1798: 1642: 1590: 1511: 1420: 1419:

literature corpus. It primarily centers around the Hindu god

1184: 1124:(as one compound word) and recommends that on the 9th day of 1071: 971: 940: 932: 865: 658: 133: 5134:

Historicity of the Indian mythology : Some observations

4549: 4547: 4545: 4245:. Vol. 2. Calcutta: Sanskrit College. pp. 337–341. 3685: 3683: 3670: 3668: 3273: 3271: 9189: 8954: 8934: 8040: 7689: 7618: 7600: 7548: 7332: 7276: 7236: 7196: 7179: 7164: 7129: 6558: 6470: 5598:

Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas

5270: 5268: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 4718: 4716: 3589: 3387:

Devī-Māhātmya: The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition

3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 2849: 2744:

Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas

2478: 2458: 1953: 1775: 1751: 1479: 871: 30:

This article is about the Hindu texts. For other uses, see

6109: 5390: 5165: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3139: 1164:, which mention Puranas that resemble the extant Puranas. 856: 6362: 5751:

Studies in the Puranic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs

4542: 4151: 4127: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3909: 3873: 3849: 3680: 3665: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3550: 3268: 1714:

An encyclopedia of diverse topics. Narrates the story of

5890:

Professor Kane's contribution to Dharmasastra literature

5265: 5146: 5012: 4756:

Veda and Torah: Transcending the Textuality of Scripture

4713: 4601: 4589: 4103: 4017: 3359: 3357: 3028: 6423: 5436:

Om Prakash (2004), Cultural History of India, New Age,

5024: 5000: 4936: 4285: 4283: 4029: 3885: 3695: 3444: 3416: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 2498: 1506:

and western India. Probably composed in the valleys of

1120:

Similarly, the Shatapatha Brahmana (XI.5.6.8) mentions

1021:

Douglas Harper states that the etymological origins of

6088:, Volume 2, MN Dutt (Translator), Hathi Trust Archives 5713:

The Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and Living Tradition

5348: 5296:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 130, 128–134, 87–90. 5226: 4833:

Communication Theory: Eastern and Western Perspectives

4494: 3972: 3601: 2294:

The Puranas include cosmos creation myths such as the

1092:, from which the later eighteen Puranas were derived. 898: 4482: 4470: 4347: 4323:

Studies in Puranic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs

3897: 3354: 3256: 1617:, symbol of Shiva, and origin of the universe as per 868: 4443:

Shankara Samhita Part 1, Verses 1.8.20-21 (Sanskrit)

4327:

The Puranas – A History of Indian Literature Vol. II

4295: 4280: 3473:

The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text and Translation

3088: 2530:

Barbara Holdrege questions the fifth Veda status of

1637:

Primarily Vishnu-related worship manual, with large

862: 853: 6624: 5594: 5259: 5066:EO James (1997), The Tree of Life, BRILL Academic, 4829: 3583: 3568: 3208: 2298:(churning of the ocean). It is represented in the 1526:and on Hindu epic Mahabharata. The Purana includes 951:. The Puranic genre of literature is found in both 859: 5942:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. 5656: 5377: 5375: 5285: 5283: 5191: 5189: 4530: 2436: 5595:Dimmitt, Cornelia; van Buitenen, J.A.B. (2012) . 5211: 5209: 4390: 4388: 3861: 2094:Two puranas have "Bhagavata" in their names, the 9588: 5819:Chanted Narratives – The Katha Vachana Tradition 5289: 5083: 4791:Barbara Holdrege (2012). Hananya Goodman (ed.). 4790: 4753: 4423:Gregor Maehle (2009), Ashtanga Yoga, New World, 3469: 3380: 2811:(above) is inspired in part by Bhagavata Purana. 2803:The Puranas have had a large cultural impact on 1478:Also called Naradiya Purana. Discusses the four 5906: 5575: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5372: 5280: 5186: 4622: 4411: 4338: 4200:An outline of the religious literature of India 4072: 4070: 4068: 3840: 3795: 3227:The Iconography and Ritual of Śiva at Elephanta 2787:. A copy of Poullé translation is preserved in 2755:Many of the extant manuscripts were written on 2507:The mythology in the Puranas has inspired many 2247:The Ganesha and Mudgala Puranas are devoted to 1132:priest should narrate some Purana because "the 5711:Gupta, Ravi and Valpey, Kenneth, eds. (2013). 5522:Bailey, Gregory (2001). Leaman, Oliver (ed.). 5206: 5143:, Man in India, Vol. 80, No. 1-2, pages 89-106 4385: 4329:, fasc. 3, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986. 3808:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 10. 3727:, pp. 281-283 with footnotes on page 553. 2661: 885: 9221: 7981: 6346: 6125: 4394:Stephen Knapp (2005), The Heart of Hinduism, 3767:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z 3376: 3374: 3372: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 2567: 825: 5835: 5640:. Albany, NY: State University of New York. 5425: 5410: 5408: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 4065: 3724: 3595: 3158: 3015:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature 2626:Sectarian, pluralistic or monotheistic theme 1103:(in the singular) in XI.7.24 and XV.6.10-11: 75:Purana manuscripts from 15th to 19th century 5710: 5470: 5455: 5383: 4636: 4582: 4567: 4514: 4176:. New Delhi: Hindoology Books. p. 55. 3927: 3770:, The Rosen Publishing Group, p. 760, 3219: 3217: 2840:in northeast India, plays and recitations. 2618:(expositions), but they are not considered 2543: 1682:, particularly Himalayan foothills region. 1179:also refers to purana as the "fifth Veda". 9235: 9228: 9214: 7988: 7974: 6353: 6339: 6132: 6118: 5468: 4968: 4966: 4217: 4169: 3921: 3763: 3369: 3109: 2940:Hazra includes this in Vaishnava category. 2779:different translation of the same text as 832: 818: 9322:(Roman Catholicism, Eastern Christianity) 6026: 5677: 5405: 5036: 4914: 4325:, Delhi, Banarsidass, 1975. Ludo Rocher, 4205:Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press 3843:, p. 752, column 3, under the entry 3010: 3008: 3006: 2980:in the Hindu tradition. For example, the 5920: 4512: 4196: 3801: 3622: 3476:. Oxford University Press. p. 259. 3214: 2798: 2685: 2502: 2490:Vishnu Purana, Chapter 7, Translated by 2289: 2244:Only a few have been critically edited. 2129: 5816: 5786: 5627: 5576:Bonnefoy, Yves; Doniger, Wendy (1993). 4963: 4634: 4580: 4500: 4340: 4023: 3610: 3390:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 23–27. 3223: 2465:(precept); by Tusht́i (inner comfort), 2324:), and are topics covered by a Purana: 1427:, but references and reveres all gods. 1232:(with one portion dated to c. 550 CE), 14: 9589: 6031:. State University of New York Press. 6001:: Insights into the Dynamics of a Cult 5992: 5956: 5864: 5549:. University of South Carolina Press. 5542: 5521: 5399: 5354: 5274: 5244: 5232: 5171: 5159: 5120: 5108: 5018: 4957: 4930: 4778: 4741: 4722: 4553: 4476: 4353: 4301: 4289: 4157: 4145: 4133: 4121: 4042: 3995: 3966: 3915: 3891: 3879: 3855: 3751: 3712: 3689: 3674: 3634: 3363: 3294: 3277: 3262: 3152: 3103: 3043: 3003: 9209: 7995: 7969: 6334: 6113: 6045: 5887: 5767: 5748: 5729: 5654: 5563:from the original on 24 December 2016 5381: 5310:from the original on 22 February 2017 5030: 5006: 4942: 4868: 4607: 4595: 4565: 4536: 4255: 4238: 4170:Srivastava, Vishnulok Bihari (2009). 4109: 3983: 3903: 3867: 3556: 3055: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2936: 2934: 918: 6148: 5805: 5508:, pages 60-63, with notes on 210-211 5453: 4321:, Calcutta, Sanskrit College, 1979. 4317:, Calcutta, Sanskrit College, 1958. 3457: 3434: 3422: 3164: 3017:(1995 Edition), Article on Puranas, 2499:Puranas as a complement to the Vedas 1032:, literally "ancient, former," from 7950: 5980:from the original on 14 August 2021 5937: 5923:Ancient Indian historical tradition 5698:from the original on 8 January 2017 4850:from the original on 2 October 2022 4811:from the original on 2 October 2022 4488: 3490:from the original on 17 August 2022 3404:from the original on 2 October 2022 3297:, pp. 21–24, 104–113, 115–126. 3076:from the original on 2 October 2022 1294:, part 12, chapter 13, verses 4–9. 24: 6019: 5615:from the original on 4 August 2020 5332:Trubner and Co., Reprinted in 1864 5123:, pp. 121-127 with footnotes. 4960:, pp. 104-106 with footnotes. 4319:Studies in the Upapuranas, vol. II 3934:. Psychology Press. pp. 62–. 3754:, pp. 115-121 with footnotes. 3059:Faith & Philosophy of Hinduism 2943: 2931: 2807:, from festivals to diverse arts. 25: 9618: 6079: 6066: 6003:. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers. 4315:Studies in the Upapuranas, vol. I 4148:, pp. 35, 185, 199, 239–242. 4006:from the original on 16 June 2016 3948:from the original on 15 June 2022 3784:from the original on 15 June 2016 3224:Collins, Charles Dillard (1988). 1036:"formerly, before," cognate with 7949: 7939: 7930: 7929: 7918: 6623: 6369: 6361: 5525:Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy 5514: 5494: 5477: 5462: 5447: 5360: 5335: 5322: 5177: 5126: 5077: 5060: 4983: 4924: 4862: 4823: 4784: 4747: 4744:, pp. 14-15 with footnotes. 4696: 4679: 3822:from the original on 30 May 2016 3244:from the original on 27 May 2016 3185:from the original on 13 May 2016 3171:. Hindology Books. p. 266. 2970: 2789:Bibliothèque nationale de France 2254: 849: 100: 65: 54: 43: 7919: 5836:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2007). 5580:. University of Chicago Press. 5260:Dimmitt & van Buitenen 2012 5088:. Routledge. pp. 113–114. 4662: 4643: 4628: 4574: 4559: 4521: 4506: 4458: 4434: 4417: 4359: 4332: 4307: 4249: 4232: 4211: 4190: 4163: 4083: 4048: 3989: 3834: 3757: 3645: 3628: 3584:Dimmitt & van Buitenen 2012 3569:Dimmitt & van Buitenen 2012 3538: 3519: 3502: 3463: 3334: 3317: 3300: 3209:Dimmitt & van Buitenen 2012 2957: 2922: 2896: 2878: 2869: 2860:are in the Puranic literature. 2766: 2437:Symbolism and layers of meaning 1055:fore, from Proto-Indo-European 8328:Progressive utilization theory 7844:Relations with other religions 6046:Singh, Nagendra Kumar (1997). 5892:. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. 5663:. Cambridge University Press. 5111:, p. 23 with footnote 35. 4758:. SUNY Press. pp. 95–97. 4221:A History of Indian Literature 4091:Balinese palm-leaf manuscripts 3635:Wilson, Horace Hayman (1840). 3586:, pp. 7–8, context: 4-13. 3049: 2681: 1272: 13: 1: 5913:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary 5715:. Columbia University Press. 4781:, pp. 15 with footnotes. 3802:Thompson, Richard L. (2007). 3764:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002), 2992: 2710: 1226: 1191:According to the Indologists 6027:Mackenzie, C. Brown (1990). 5993:Thapan, Anita Raina (1997). 5966:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 5840:(3rd ed.). SUNY Press. 5817:Kaushal, Molly, ed. (2001). 5247:, pp. 139–141, 154–156. 4830:D. Lawrence Kincaid (2013). 2997: 2794: 2750: 2354:of the gods, sages and kings 2335:or the creation of the world 2142:in Battle Against the Demon 2125: 1802:), and darkness or inertia ( 1016: 7: 6139: 5997: 5791:. Oxford University Press. 5772:. Oxford University Press. 5684:. Oxford University Press. 5659:An Introduction to Hinduism 5634: 5601:. Temple University Press. 4797:. SUNY Press. p. 110. 4623:Bonnefoy & Doniger 1993 4412:Bonnefoy & Doniger 1993 2662:Puranas as historical texts 2320: 1280: 901: 899: 10: 9623: 5916:. Oxford University Press. 5888:Moghe, S. G., ed. (1997). 4218:Winternitz, Moriz (1927). 4124:, pp. 20–22, 134–137. 3996:Wilson, Horace H. (1864), 3230:. SUNY Press. p. 36. 2609: 2568:Puranas as religious texts 2306:, and at Bangkok airport, 2285: 2153: 94:Hindu scriptures and texts 29: 9503: 9446: 9389: 9248: 8737: 8536: 8336: 8305: 8220: 8135: 8066: 8059: 8003: 7916: 7743: 7708: 7534: 7469: 7376: 7303: 7296: 7195: 7098: 7089: 6997: 6883: 6840: 6807: 6725: 6699: 6671: 6662: 6641: 6632: 6621: 6540: 6409: 6400: 6379: 6255: 6147: 6048:Encyclopaedia of Hinduism 5921:Pargiter, F. E. (1962) . 5730:Hardy, Friedhelm (2001). 5678:Glucklich, Ariel (2008). 5471:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 5456:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 5384:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 5290:Avril Ann Powell (2010). 5084:Barbara Holdrege (2015). 4836:. Elsevier. p. 165. 4754:Barbara Holdrege (1995). 4637:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 4583:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 4568:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 4515:Gupta & Valpey (2013) 4259:Studies in Devi Bhagavata 4242:Studies in the Upapuranas 4002:, Trübner, p. LXXI, 3470:Patrick Olivelle (1998). 3347:29 September 2015 at the 3165:Nair, Shantha N. (2008). 3062:. Gyan Publishing House. 2426:– the "apparition of the 1718:, the first of ten major 1204: 1066: 886: 884: 9462:Luther's Large Catechism 9304:(Judaism, Christianity) 8515:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 6988:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 6086:Agni Purana (in English) 5789:A Dictionary of Hinduism 4655:15 November 2017 at the 4197:Farquhar, J. N. (1920). 2863: 2705:Ludo Rocher, The Puranas 2544:Puranas as encyclopedias 2511:and sculptures found in 2272:Skanda Purana, 1.8.20-21 1267: 989:, but are considered as 914:'ancient, old', 8445:Samkhyapravachana Sutra 7067:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 5908:Monier-Williams, Monier 5865:Mittal, Sushil (2004). 5753:. Motilal Banarsidass. 5345:Elysium Press, Calcutta 3340:Douglas Harper (2015), 1177:Brhadaranyaka Upanishad 1171:(7.1.2), translated by 981:(Major Puranas) and 18 804:Timeline of Hindu texts 637:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 32:Purana (disambiguation) 9382:(Eastern Christianity) 8181:Early Buddhist schools 7042:Eighteen Greater Texts 5787:Johnson, W.J. (2009). 5768:Inden, Ronald (2000). 5139:1 October 2015 at the 4226:University of Calcutta 4173:Dictionary of Indology 4096:1 October 2015 at the 3545:Brhadaranyaka Upanisad 3351:, Etymology Dictionary 3056:Verma, Rajeev (2009). 2967:tradition in Hinduism. 2812: 2748: 2708: 2691: 2655: 2603: 2574:John Zephaniah Holwell 2516: 2496: 2403:, spiritual liberation 2311: 2275: 2151: 1260:to c. 550–850 CE, and 1140:. The late Vedic text 1118: 1074:, the narrator of the 612:Eighteen Greater Texts 9481:Book of Common Prayer 7795:Hindu gurus and sants 7047:Eighteen Lesser Texts 5749:Hazra, R.C. (1987) . 5655:Flood, Gavin (1996). 5546:The Study of Hinduism 5132:L Srinivasan (2000), 5086:Bhakti and Embodiment 4256:Lalye, P. G. (1973). 4239:Hazra, R. C. (1963). 3661:. 1950. p. 2206. 3155:, pp. 16, 12–21. 2802: 2738:Cornelia Dimmitt and 2730: 2697: 2689: 2641: 2633:Devi Bhagavata Purana 2590: 2506: 2451: 2293: 2265: 2173:They include among – 2133: 2100:Devi Bhagavata Purana 1193:J. A. B. van Buitenen 1155:Apastamba Dharmasutra 1105: 617:Eighteen Lesser Texts 9474:Heidelberg Catechism 8619:Brihadratha Ikshvaku 8456:Sarvadarsanasangraha 8233:Acintya bheda abheda 7785:Anti-Hindu sentiment 5838:A Survey of Hinduism 5806:Kane, P. V. (1962). 4980:, pages 331, 323-334 4871:History of Religions 4527:Vayu Purana 1. 31-2. 3928:John Dowson (2000). 3841:Monier-Williams 1899 3654:The Bhagavata Purana 3559:, pp. 160, 249. 3531:27 July 2018 at the 2772:Horace Hayman Wilson 2548:The Puranas, states 2492:Horace Hayman Wilson 2150:, Markandeya Purana. 9577:(Roman Catholicism) 9533:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 9496:(Roman Catholicism) 9490:(Roman Catholicism) 9468:Augsburg Confession 9439:(Roman Catholicism) 9427:(Roman Catholicism) 9350:Nag Hammadi library 9260:(Egyptian religion) 8679:Dayananda Saraswati 8253:Nimbarka Sampradaya 8177:Buddhist philosophy 7891:Hinduism by country 7057:Iraiyanar Akapporul 7017:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 6270:Sanat-kumara Purana 6075:(uni-goettingen.de) 5858:2 July 2021 at the 5473:, pp. 202-220. 5458:, pp. 181-201. 5402:, pp. 442–443. 5386:, pp. 162-180. 5174:, pp. 141–142. 4639:, pp. 130-132. 4610:, pp. 109–112. 4598:, pp. 104–110. 4585:, pp. 117-132. 4556:, pp. 440–443. 4373:on 27 February 2009 4367:"Purana at Gurjari" 4343:, pp. 225–234. 4160:, pp. 191–192. 4136:, pp. 161–164. 4112:, pp. 109–110. 3918:, pp. 134–137. 3882:, pp. 202–203. 3858:, pp. 139–149. 3692:, pp. 209–215. 3677:, pp. 154–156. 3659:Motilal Banarsidass 3641:. pp. 283–284. 3460:, pp. 816–817. 3425:, pp. 816–821. 3280:, pp. 162–167. 3046:, pp. 437–439. 2836:in south India and 2740:J.A.B. van Buitenen 2393:: finale, cessation 2387:: tales about a god 1812: 1772:Lalita Sahasranamam 1401:is one of eighteen 1264:to c. 600–1000 CE. 1196:was handed down in 1169:Chandogya Upanishad 1161:Gautama Dharmasutra 1142:Taittiriya Aranyaka 1001:in India, and both 627:Iraiyanar Akapporul 587:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 333:Related Hindu texts 9540:Liber AL vel Legis 9364:(Greek polytheism) 9346:(Roman polytheism) 8290:Pashupata Shaivism 8120:Pashupata Shaivism 5328:HH Wilson (1840), 4491:, pp. 85–100. 4266:. pp. 25–34. 4089:H Hinzler (1993), 3211:, pp. xii, 4. 2813: 2692: 2517: 2312: 2302:temple complex of 2282:the colonial era. 2152: 2138:Leading the Eight 1811: 1415:, and part of the 1354:to the kingdom of 1256:to c. 450–900 CE, 1252:to c. 350–950 CE, 1236:to c. 250–500 CE, 1047:"before," Avestan 920:[pʊˈrɑːɳə] 9607:Indian chronicles 9584: 9583: 9562:The Satanic Bible 9456:Guru Granth Sahib 9203: 9202: 9055:Pratītyasamutpāda 8216: 8215: 7997:Indian philosophy 7963: 7962: 7739: 7738: 7292: 7291: 7085: 7084: 6999:Sangam literature 6955:Yājñavalkya Smṛti 6803: 6802: 6619: 6618: 6328: 6327: 6320:Vishnudharmottara 5973:978-3-447-02522-5 5880:978-0-415-21527-5 5847:978-0-7914-7082-4 5798:978-0-19-861025-0 5691:978-0-19-971825-2 5608:978-1-4399-0464-0 5578:Asian Mythologies 5556:978-1-57003-449-7 5303:978-1-84383-579-0 5277:, pp. 49–53. 5162:, pp. 59–67. 5033:, pp. 95–96. 5021:, pp. 19–20. 5009:, pp. 87–98. 4945:, pp. 94–95. 4843:978-1-4832-8875-8 4804:978-1-4384-0437-0 4725:, pp. 13–16. 4676:, pages 77-79, 88 4625:, pp. 38–39. 4570:, pp. 63-75. 4517:, pp. 48-62. 4414:, pp. 92–95. 4264:Popular Prakashan 4078:The Garuda Purana 4045:, pp. 78–79. 4026:, pp. 59–83. 3986:, pp. 96–97. 3941:978-0-415-24521-0 3894:, pp. 70–71. 3815:978-81-208-1919-1 3777:978-0-8239-3180-4 3725:Klostermaier 2007 3715:, pp. 59–61. 3638:The Vishnu Purana 3625:, pp. 30–54. 3596:Klostermaier 2007 3483:978-0-19-535242-9 3397:978-81-208-0557-6 3237:978-0-88706-773-0 3178:978-81-223-1020-7 3069:978-81-7835-718-8 2092: 2091: 1937: 1936: 1782: 1781: 1223:Markandeya Purana 913: 897: 842: 841: 632:Abhirami Anthadhi 570:Sangam literature 423:Vaishnava puranas 16:(Redirected from 9614: 9437:Summa Theologica 9425:Ambrosian Hymnal 9230: 9223: 9216: 9207: 9206: 8709:Satyakama Jabala 8644:Akshapada Gotama 8594:Gārgī Vāchaknavī 8574:Vāchaspati Misra 8432:Nyayakusumanjali 8366:Bhagavata Purana 8323:Radical Humanism 8295:Shaiva Siddhanta 8064: 8063: 8036:Vedic philosophy 7990: 7983: 7976: 7967: 7966: 7953: 7952: 7943: 7933: 7932: 7922: 7921: 7832:Pilgrimage sites 7586:Ganesh Chaturthi 7301: 7300: 7096: 7095: 7077:Vedarthasamgraha 7072:Vinayagar Agaval 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Coburn 3378: 3367: 3361: 3352: 3338: 3332: 3321: 3315: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3281: 3275: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3221: 3212: 3206: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3137: 3126: 3107: 3101: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3026: 3012: 2987: 2974: 2968: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2941: 2938: 2929: 2926: 2920: 2900: 2894: 2882: 2876: 2873: 2746: 2706: 2653: 2601: 2562:Tirtha Mahatmyas 2537:Bhagavata Purana 2494: 2341:: cosmogony and 2323: 2273: 2096:Bhagavata Purana 1942: 1941: 1813: 1810: 1297: 1296: 1292:Bhagavata Purana 1283: 1250:Brahmanda Purana 1231: 1228: 1173:Patrick Olivelle 1116: 1084:to his disciple 922: 917: 908: 906: 904: 892: 890: 889: 888: 878: 877: 874: 873: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 834: 827: 820: 771:Gheranda Samhita 721:Sushruta Samhita 642:Vinayagar Agaval 607:Five Great Epics 582:Divya Prabandham 513: 479: 425: 307:Other scriptures 280: 241: 222: 165: 104: 81: 80: 69: 58: 47: 27:Hindu scriptures 21: 9622: 9621: 9617: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9611: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9580: 9557:(Scientologist) 9547:Book of Shadows 9499: 9494:Roman Catechism 9476:(Protestantism) 9470:(Protestantism) 9442: 9385: 9314:Samaritan Torah 9244: 9237:Religious texts 9234: 9204: 9199: 9025:Parameshashakti 8733: 8669:Ramana Maharshi 8554:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 8532: 8498:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 8472:Tattvacintāmaṇi 8345:Abhinavabharati 8332: 8301: 8275:Sikh Philosophy 8263:Vishishtadvaita 8212: 8131: 8055: 7999: 7994: 7964: 7959: 7926: 7912: 7735: 7704: 7695:Vasant Panchami 7629:Pahela Baishakh 7611:Makar Sankranti 7530: 7465: 7372: 7288: 7191: 7081: 7062:Abhirami Antati 7032:Kamba Ramayanam 6993: 6879: 6836: 6799: 6721: 6695: 6658: 6628: 6615: 6599:Vishishtadvaita 6536: 6396: 6375: 6359: 6329: 6324: 6251: 6167:Brahma Vaivarta 6143: 6138: 6082: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6039: 6022: 6020:Further reading 6017: 6011: 5983: 5981: 5974: 5950: 5900: 5881: 5867:The Hindu World 5860:Wayback Machine 5848: 5829: 5812:(1st ed.). 5799: 5780: 5761: 5742: 5723: 5701: 5699: 5692: 5671: 5648: 5618: 5616: 5609: 5588: 5566: 5564: 5557: 5536: 5517: 5512: 5499: 5495: 5482: 5478: 5467: 5463: 5452: 5448: 5435: 5426: 5413: 5406: 5398: 5391: 5380: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5353: 5349: 5340: 5336: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5304: 5288: 5281: 5273: 5266: 5258: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5231: 5227: 5214: 5207: 5194: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5170: 5166: 5158: 5147: 5141:Wayback Machine 5131: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5082: 5078: 5074:, pages 150-153 5065: 5061: 5048: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5017: 5013: 5005: 5001: 4988: 4984: 4971: 4964: 4956: 4949: 4941: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4913: 4906: 4867: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4844: 4828: 4824: 4814: 4812: 4805: 4789: 4785: 4777: 4773: 4766: 4752: 4748: 4740: 4729: 4721: 4714: 4701: 4697: 4693:, pages 111-119 4684: 4680: 4667: 4663: 4657:Wayback Machine 4648: 4644: 4633: 4629: 4621: 4614: 4606: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4579: 4575: 4564: 4560: 4552: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4526: 4522: 4511: 4507: 4499: 4495: 4487: 4483: 4475: 4471: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4422: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4393: 4386: 4376: 4374: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4352: 4348: 4337: 4333: 4312: 4308: 4300: 4296: 4288: 4281: 4274: 4254: 4250: 4237: 4233: 4224:. Vol. 1. 4216: 4212: 4195: 4191: 4184: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4098:Wayback Machine 4088: 4084: 4080:Calcutta (1908) 4075: 4066: 4062:, pages 139-141 4053: 4049: 4041: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4009: 4007: 3994: 3990: 3982: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3942: 3926: 3922: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3890: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3816: 3800: 3796: 3787: 3785: 3778: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3711: 3696: 3688: 3681: 3673: 3666: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3602: 3598:, pp. 59–. 3594: 3590: 3582: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3533:Wayback Machine 3524: 3520: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3484: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3445: 3433: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3407: 3405: 3398: 3379: 3370: 3366:, pp. 45–. 3362: 3355: 3349:Wayback Machine 3339: 3335: 3331:, pages 128-131 3322: 3318: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3284: 3276: 3269: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3238: 3222: 3215: 3207: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3179: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3140: 3136:, pages 185-204 3127: 3110: 3102: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3070: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3029: 3013: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2944: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2901: 2897: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2797: 2769: 2753: 2747: 2737: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2684: 2664: 2654: 2651: 2628: 2612: 2602: 2596: 2570: 2546: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2477:; one of whom, 2453:The progeny of 2439: 2316:Pancha Lakshana 2296:Samudra Manthan 2288: 2274: 2271: 2257: 2185:Brihan-naradiya 2158: 2128: 2027:Brahma Vaivarta 1460:Bhakti movement 1275: 1270: 1229: 1207: 1117: 1111: 1069: 1019: 999:Bhakti movement 915: 852: 848: 838: 809: 808: 799: 791: 790: 741:Divya Prabandha 716:Charaka Samhita 701:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 661: 647: 646: 602:Kamba Ramayanam 577:Saiva Tirumurai 572: 562: 561: 533: 523: 522: 509: 475: 421: 388: 378: 377: 343: 328: 327: 308: 300: 299: 276: 237: 218: 200: 190: 189: 161: 136: 119: 79: 78: 77: 76: 72: 71: 70: 61: 60: 59: 50: 49: 48: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9620: 9610: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9578: 9572: 9566: 9558: 9550: 9544: 9536: 9530: 9522: 9516: 9513:Book of Mormon 9509: 9507: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9497: 9491: 9485: 9477: 9471: 9465: 9459: 9452: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9434: 9428: 9422: 9416: 9410: 9409: 9408: 9395: 9393: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9383: 9380:Divine Liturgy 9377: 9376:(Neoplatonism) 9371: 9365: 9359: 9353: 9347: 9339: 9333: 9332: 9331: 9330:(Christianity) 9325: 9324: 9323: 9317: 9316:(Samaritanism) 9299: 9293: 9279: 9273: 9267: 9261: 9254: 9252: 9246: 9245: 9233: 9232: 9225: 9218: 9210: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9100:Shabda Brahman 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9050:Pratibimbavada 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8741: 8739: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8689:Vedanta Desika 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8584:Gautama Buddha 8581: 8579:Uddalaka Aruni 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8530: 8525: 8518: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8482: 8475: 8468: 8466:Tarka-Sangraha 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8441: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8417: 8409:Mimamsa Sutras 8405: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8381: 8379:Buddhist texts 8376: 8369: 8362: 8355: 8348: 8340: 8338: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8309: 8307: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8299: 8298: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8266: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8211: 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7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7473: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7382: 7380: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7309: 7307: 7298: 7294: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7286: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7201: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7126: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7104: 7102: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7003: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6900: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6846: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6813: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6770:Shvetashvatara 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6745:Brihadaranyaka 6742: 6737: 6731: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6642:Classification 6636: 6630: 6629: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6595: 6588: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6481: 6480: 6479: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6415: 6413: 6404: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6389: 6386: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6358: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6335: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6261: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6153: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6137: 6136: 6129: 6122: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6068: 6067:External links 6065: 6063: 6062: 6056: 6043: 6037: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6009: 5995:Understanding 5990: 5972: 5954: 5948: 5935: 5918: 5904: 5898: 5885: 5879: 5862: 5846: 5833: 5827: 5814: 5803: 5797: 5784: 5779:978-0195124309 5778: 5765: 5760:978-8120804227 5759: 5746: 5740: 5727: 5722:978-0231149983 5721: 5708: 5690: 5675: 5669: 5652: 5646: 5631:, ed. (1993). 5629:Doniger, Wendy 5625: 5607: 5592: 5587:978-0226064567 5586: 5573: 5555: 5540: 5535:978-0415172813 5534: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5506:978-0791465950 5493: 5489:978-0791464168 5476: 5461: 5446: 5442:978-8122415872 5424: 5420:978-8187358305 5404: 5389: 5371: 5367:Jean Filliozat 5359: 5357:, p. 657. 5347: 5334: 5321: 5302: 5279: 5264: 5249: 5237: 5235:, p. 249. 5225: 5221:978-8120820494 5205: 5201:978-2855396422 5185: 5176: 5164: 5145: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5095:978-0415670708 5094: 5076: 5072:978-9004016125 5059: 5055:978-0141913377 5035: 5023: 5011: 4999: 4995:978-9004042285 4982: 4978:978-0812242614 4962: 4947: 4935: 4923: 4915:Glucklich 2008 4904: 4883:10.1086/462465 4877:(2): 286–291. 4861: 4842: 4822: 4803: 4783: 4771: 4765:978-0791416402 4764: 4746: 4727: 4712: 4708:978-0585044675 4695: 4691:978-0195148923 4678: 4674:978-9004069411 4661: 4642: 4627: 4612: 4600: 4588: 4573: 4558: 4541: 4529: 4520: 4505: 4503:, p. 248. 4493: 4481: 4479:, p. 438. 4469: 4457: 4445: 4433: 4429:978-1577316695 4416: 4404: 4400:978-0595350759 4384: 4358: 4356:, p. 304. 4346: 4341:Kaushal (2001) 4331: 4306: 4294: 4279: 4272: 4248: 4231: 4228:. p. 555. 4210: 4207:. p. 269. 4189: 4182: 4162: 4150: 4138: 4126: 4114: 4102: 4082: 4064: 4060:978-9004158146 4047: 4028: 4016: 3988: 3971: 3959: 3940: 3920: 3908: 3896: 3884: 3872: 3860: 3848: 3833: 3814: 3794: 3776: 3756: 3729: 3717: 3694: 3679: 3664: 3644: 3627: 3615: 3613:, p. 247. 3600: 3588: 3573: 3561: 3549: 3537: 3518: 3514:978-8120805576 3501: 3482: 3462: 3443: 3427: 3415: 3396: 3368: 3353: 3333: 3329:978-8120815759 3316: 3312:978-0520207783 3299: 3282: 3267: 3265:, p. 503. 3255: 3236: 3213: 3196: 3177: 3157: 3138: 3134:978-0791413821 3108: 3106:, p. 139. 3087: 3068: 3048: 3027: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2969: 2956: 2942: 2930: 2921: 2895: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2846: 2845: 2834:Bharata Natyam 2830: 2829: 2809:Bharata natyam 2796: 2793: 2783:in 1795, from 2768: 2765: 2752: 2749: 2735: 2712: 2709: 2702: 2683: 2680: 2663: 2660: 2649: 2627: 2624: 2611: 2608: 2594: 2569: 2566: 2545: 2542: 2500: 2497: 2487: 2438: 2435: 2411: 2410: 2404: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2368: 2367: 2364:Vamśānucaritam 2361: 2355: 2345: 2336: 2287: 2284: 2269: 2256: 2253: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2178: 2154:Main article: 2148:Devi Mahatmyam 2127: 2124: 2090: 2089: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1987:Devi-Bhagavata 1984: 1978: 1977: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1935: 1934: 1909: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1883:Brahmavaivarta 1872: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1819:Central deity 1817: 1780: 1779: 1768: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1740: 1737: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1712: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1646: 1635: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1611: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1586: 1583: 1581:Brahmavaivarta 1578: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1548: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1528:Devi Mahatmyam 1500: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1476: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1393: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1347: 1344: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1248:to c. 450 CE, 1240:to c. 350 CE, 1215:F. E. Pargiter 1206: 1203: 1122:Itihasapuranam 1109: 1068: 1065: 1051:"before," Old 1018: 1015: 979:Mukhya Puranas 840: 839: 837: 836: 829: 822: 814: 811: 810: 807: 806: 800: 797: 796: 793: 792: 789: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 751:Ramcharitmanas 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 711:Pramana Sutras 708: 703: 698: 693: 691:Mimamsa Sutras 688: 686:Samkhya Sutras 683: 678: 673: 668: 666:Dharma Shastra 662: 653: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 573: 568: 567: 564: 563: 560: 559: 558: 557: 547: 546: 545: 534: 529: 528: 525: 524: 521: 520: 518:Devi Bhagavata 511:Shakta puranas 507: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 477:Shaiva puranas 473: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 419: 418: 413: 408: 406:Brahmavaivarta 403: 398: 391:Brahma puranas 389: 384: 383: 380: 379: 376: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 344: 339: 338: 335: 334: 330: 329: 326: 325: 320: 315: 309: 306: 305: 302: 301: 298: 297: 292: 287: 274: 273: 268: 266:Shvetashvatara 263: 258: 253: 248: 246:Brihadaranyaka 235: 234: 229: 216: 215: 210: 201: 196: 195: 192: 191: 188: 187: 182: 177: 172: 159: 158: 153: 148: 143: 137: 132: 131: 128: 127: 126: 125: 120: 114: 106: 105: 97: 96: 90: 89: 74: 73: 64: 63: 62: 53: 52: 51: 42: 41: 40: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9619: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9576: 9573: 9570: 9567: 9564: 9563: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9551: 9548: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9537: 9534: 9531: 9528: 9527: 9526:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 9523: 9520: 9517: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9502: 9495: 9492: 9489: 9486: 9484:(Anglicanism) 9483: 9482: 9478: 9475: 9472: 9469: 9466: 9464:(Lutheranism) 9463: 9460: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9445: 9438: 9435: 9432: 9429: 9426: 9423: 9420: 9417: 9414: 9411: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9388: 9381: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9360: 9357: 9354: 9351: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9343:Metamorphoses 9340: 9337: 9336:Bhagavad Gita 9334: 9329: 9328:New Testament 9326: 9321: 9318: 9315: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9297: 9294: 9291: 9290: 9285: 9284: 9280: 9278:(Zoroastrian) 9277: 9274: 9271: 9268: 9265: 9262: 9259: 9258:Pyramid Texts 9256: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9242: 9238: 9231: 9226: 9224: 9219: 9217: 9212: 9211: 9208: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9030:Parinama-vada 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8736: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8654:Padmasambhāva 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8559:Maṇḍana Miśra 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8549:Abhinavagupta 8547: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8535: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8523: 8522:Yoga Vasistha 8519: 8517: 8516: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8474: 8473: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8446: 8442: 8440: 8439: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8415:All 108 texts 8413: 8412: 8411: 8410: 8406: 8404: 8403: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8386: 8385:Dharmashastra 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8374: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8361: 8360: 8359:Bhagavad Gita 8356: 8354: 8353: 8349: 8347: 8346: 8342: 8341: 8339: 8335: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8313:Integral yoga 8311: 8310: 8308: 8304: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8282: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8258:Shuddhadvaita 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8229: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8219: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8178: 8175: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8134: 8128: 8125: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8002: 7998: 7991: 7986: 7984: 7979: 7977: 7972: 7971: 7968: 7956: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7936: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7915: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7897: 7896:Hindu temples 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7845: 7842: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7821: 7818: 7817: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7800:Hindu studies 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7770:Denominations 7768: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7742: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7707: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7657: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7580: 7579:Vijayadashami 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7533: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7505: 7502: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7396:Simantonayana 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7375: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7295: 7285: 7284: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6983: 6982:Yoga Vasistha 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6893:Bhagavad Gita 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6882: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6833: 6832:Sthapatyaveda 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6698: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6378: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6356: 6351: 6349: 6344: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6333: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6135: 6130: 6128: 6123: 6121: 6116: 6115: 6112: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6098:Vishnu Purana 6096: 6093: 6092:Vishnu Purana 6090: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6059: 6057:81-7488-168-9 6053: 6049: 6044: 6040: 6038:0-7914-0363-7 6034: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6012: 6010:81-7304-195-4 6006: 6002: 5999: 5991: 5979: 5975: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5949:0-7914-1381-0 5945: 5941: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5899:81-246-0075-9 5895: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5854: 5853:First edition 5849: 5843: 5839: 5834: 5830: 5828:81-246-0182-8 5824: 5820: 5815: 5811: 5810: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5790: 5785: 5781: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5762: 5756: 5752: 5747: 5743: 5741:0-19-564916-8 5737: 5733: 5728: 5724: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5697: 5693: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5676: 5672: 5670:0-521-43304-5 5666: 5661: 5660: 5653: 5649: 5647:0-7914-1382-9 5643: 5639: 5636: 5630: 5626: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5579: 5574: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5548: 5547: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5528:. Routledge. 5527: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5515:Cited sources 5507: 5503: 5497: 5491:, pages 91-94 5490: 5486: 5480: 5472: 5465: 5457: 5450: 5444:, pages 33-34 5443: 5439: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5422:, pages 48-50 5421: 5417: 5411: 5409: 5401: 5396: 5394: 5385: 5378: 5376: 5368: 5363: 5356: 5351: 5344: 5338: 5331: 5330:Vishnu Purana 5325: 5309: 5305: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5286: 5284: 5276: 5271: 5269: 5261: 5256: 5254: 5246: 5241: 5234: 5229: 5223:, pages 41-64 5222: 5218: 5212: 5210: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5180: 5173: 5168: 5161: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5129: 5122: 5117: 5110: 5105: 5097: 5091: 5087: 5080: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5057:, pages 10-12 5056: 5052: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5032: 5027: 5020: 5015: 5008: 5003: 4997:, pages 51-86 4996: 4992: 4986: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4967: 4959: 4954: 4952: 4944: 4939: 4932: 4927: 4920: 4916: 4911: 4909: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4826: 4810: 4806: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4787: 4780: 4775: 4767: 4761: 4757: 4750: 4743: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4724: 4719: 4717: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4658: 4654: 4651: 4650:Vishnu Purana 4646: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4619: 4617: 4609: 4604: 4597: 4592: 4584: 4577: 4569: 4562: 4555: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4538: 4533: 4524: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4497: 4490: 4485: 4478: 4473: 4466: 4465:Matsya Purana 4461: 4452: 4450: 4442: 4441:Skanda Purana 4437: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4413: 4408: 4402:, pages 44-45 4401: 4397: 4391: 4389: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4355: 4350: 4342: 4335: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4313:R. C. Hazra, 4310: 4304:, p. 68. 4303: 4298: 4292:, p. 63. 4291: 4286: 4284: 4275: 4273:9788171540693 4269: 4265: 4261: 4260: 4252: 4244: 4243: 4235: 4227: 4223: 4222: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4193: 4185: 4183:9788122310849 4179: 4175: 4174: 4166: 4159: 4154: 4147: 4142: 4135: 4130: 4123: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4086: 4079: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4044: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4025: 4020: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3992: 3985: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3968: 3963: 3947: 3943: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3924: 3917: 3912: 3905: 3900: 3893: 3888: 3881: 3876: 3869: 3864: 3857: 3852: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3821: 3817: 3811: 3807: 3806: 3798: 3783: 3779: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3753: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3726: 3721: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3691: 3686: 3684: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3640: 3639: 3631: 3624: 3623:Pargiter 1962 3619: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3597: 3592: 3585: 3580: 3578: 3570: 3565: 3558: 3553: 3546: 3541: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3522: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3466: 3459: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3424: 3419: 3403: 3399: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3365: 3360: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3337: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3264: 3259: 3243: 3239: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3220: 3218: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3161: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3052: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3002: 2985: 2984: 2983:Natya Shastra 2979: 2973: 2966: 2960: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2925: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2843: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2745: 2741: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2717: 2701: 2696: 2688: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2659: 2648: 2646: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2607: 2600:, The Puranas 2599: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2578:Royal Society 2575: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2522: 2514: 2513:Hindu temples 2510: 2505: 2493: 2486: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2448: 2447:Vishnu Purana 2444: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2417: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2317: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2283: 2280: 2268: 2264: 2262: 2255:Skanda Purana 2252: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2157: 2149: 2146:, Folio from 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2116:Garuda Purana 2113: 2109: 2108:Matsya Purana 2105: 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verses 1657: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1634:24,000 verses 1633: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1610:11,000 verses 1609: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1585:18,000 verses 1584: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1568:14,500 verses 1567: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1549: 1547:15,400 verses 1546: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1504:Vindhya Range 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1475:25,000 verses 1474: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1451:18,000 verses 1450: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1392:24,000 verses 1391: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1375:23,000 verses 1374: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1348: 1346:55,000 verses 1345: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1322:10,000 verses 1321: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1306:Verses number 1305: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1288:Vishnu Purana 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694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 681:Brahma Sutras 679: 677: 674: 672: 671:Artha Shastra 669: 667: 664: 663: 660: 656: 651: 650: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 574: 571: 566: 565: 556: 553: 552: 551: 548: 544: 541: 540: 539: 536: 535: 532: 527: 526: 519: 516: 515: 514: 512: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 481: 480: 478: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 460:Varaha Purana 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 427: 426: 424: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 393: 392: 387: 382: 381: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 345: 342: 337: 336: 332: 331: 324: 321: 319: 318:Bhagavad Gita 316: 314: 311: 310: 304: 303: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 282: 281: 279: 278:Atharva vedic 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 243: 242: 240: 233: 230: 228: 225: 224: 223: 221: 214: 211: 209: 206: 205: 204: 199: 194: 193: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 166: 164: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 138: 135: 130: 129: 124: 121: 118: 115: 113: 110: 109: 108: 107: 103: 99: 98: 95: 92: 91: 87: 83: 82: 68: 57: 46: 37: 33: 19: 9560: 9552: 9538: 9524: 9488:Roman Missal 9479: 9448:Early modern 9407:(Sanamahism) 9398: 9352:(Gnosticism) 9341: 9320:Deuterocanon 9287: 9283:Tao Te Ching 9281: 9130:Iccha-mrityu 9095:Satkaryavada 8995:Nididhyasana 8980:Matsya Nyaya 8714:Madhvacharya 8544:Adi Shankara 8537:Philosophers 8520: 8513: 8496: 8477: 8470: 8461:Shiva Sutras 8451:Sangam texts 8443: 8436: 8427:Nyāya Sūtras 8407: 8400: 8383: 8373:Brahma Sutra 8372: 8364: 8357: 8352:Arthashastra 8350: 8343: 8285:Pratyabhijna 8165:Anekantavada 7906:Architecture 7509:Brahmacharya 7451:Samavartanam 7416:Annaprashana 7282: 7185: 6986: 6940:Dharmaśāstra 6930:Arthashastra 6919: 6765:Maitrayaniya 6597: 6590: 6583: 6505:Brahmacharya 6315:Shivarahasya 6265:Brihaddharma 6140: 6080:Translations 6047: 6028: 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Retrieved 5962: 5958:Rocher, Ludo 5939: 5922: 5912: 5889: 5866: 5837: 5818: 5808: 5788: 5769: 5750: 5731: 5712: 5700:. Retrieved 5680: 5658: 5632: 5617:. Retrieved 5597: 5577: 5565:. Retrieved 5545: 5524: 5496: 5479: 5464: 5449: 5362: 5350: 5343:Vishnupurana 5337: 5324: 5312:. Retrieved 5292: 5262:, p. 5. 5240: 5228: 5179: 5167: 5128: 5116: 5104: 5085: 5079: 5062: 5026: 5014: 5002: 4985: 4938: 4926: 4918: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4852:. Retrieved 4832: 4825: 4813:. Retrieved 4793: 4786: 4774: 4755: 4749: 4698: 4681: 4664: 4645: 4630: 4603: 4591: 4576: 4561: 4539:, p. 4. 4532: 4523: 4508: 4501:Johnson 2009 4496: 4484: 4472: 4464: 4460: 4436: 4419: 4407: 4375:. Retrieved 4371:the original 4361: 4349: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4297: 4258: 4251: 4241: 4234: 4220: 4213: 4199: 4192: 4172: 4165: 4153: 4141: 4129: 4117: 4105: 4085: 4050: 4024:Doniger 1993 4019: 4008:, retrieved 3998: 3991: 3962: 3950:. Retrieved 3930: 3923: 3911: 3899: 3887: 3875: 3863: 3851: 3844: 3836: 3824:. Retrieved 3804: 3797: 3786:, retrieved 3766: 3759: 3720: 3653: 3647: 3637: 3630: 3618: 3611:Johnson 2009 3591: 3571:, p. 7. 3564: 3552: 3540: 3521: 3516:, page 24-25 3504: 3492:. Retrieved 3472: 3465: 3430: 3418: 3406:. Retrieved 3386: 3336: 3319: 3314:, page xxxix 3302: 3258: 3246:. Retrieved 3226: 3187:. Retrieved 3167: 3160: 3078:. 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Wilson 5963:The Puranas 5400:Bailey 2001 5355:Mittal 2004 5275:Rocher 1986 5245:Bailey 2003 5233:Rocher 1986 5172:Bailey 2003 5160:Rocher 1986 5121:Rocher 1986 5109:Rocher 1986 5019:Rocher 1986 4958:Rocher 1986 4931:Rocher 1986 4779:Rocher 1986 4742:Rocher 1986 4723:Rocher 1986 4554:Bailey 2001 4477:Bailey 2001 4354:Thapan 1997 4302:Rocher 1986 4290:Rocher 1986 4158:Rocher 1986 4146:Rocher 1986 4134:Rocher 1986 4122:Rocher 1986 4043:Rocher 1986 4010:13 February 3969:, p. . 3967:Rocher 1986 3916:Rocher 1986 3892:Rocher 1986 3880:Rocher 1986 3856:Rocher 1986 3826:13 February 3788:13 February 3752:Rocher 1986 3713:Rocher 1986 3690:Rocher 1986 3675:Rocher 1986 3364:Rocher 1986 3295:Rocher 1986 3278:Bailey 2003 3263:Bailey 2001 3248:13 February 3189:13 February 3153:Rocher 1986 3104:Bailey 2003 3044:Bailey 2001 3023:0-877790426 2913:Vaishnavism 2893:histories". 2828:Indian Arts 2785:Pondicherry 2761:Ludo Rocher 2682:Manuscripts 2676:historicity 2620:Jain Agamas 2598:Ludo Rocher 2582:orientalist 2558:Upabrimhana 2445:level. The 2443:axiological 2385:Ishanukatha 2104:Vayu Purana 1680:North India 1516:Maharashtra 1514:rivers, in 1327:Mahabharata 1303:Maha Purana 1273:Mahapuranas 1238:Vayu Purana 1211:Ludo Rocher 1090:Mulasamhita 1077:Mahabharata 983:Upa Puranas 781:Vedantasara 706:Yoga Sutras 622:Aathichoodi 555:Historicity 550:Mahabharata 543:Historicity 239:Yajur vedic 156:Atharvaveda 9591:Categories 9569:Geniocracy 9565:(Satanist) 9521:(Tenrikyo) 9370:(Hinduism) 9368:Upanishads 9338:(Hinduism) 9310:(Judaism) 9298:(Buddhist) 9266:(Hinduism) 9125:Svātantrya 9015:Paramatman 8970:Kshetrajna 8945:Ishvaratva 8885:Cittabhumi 8880:Chidabhasa 8830:Asiddhatva 8750:Abhasavada 8724:Guru Nanak 8659:Vasubandhu 8485:Upanishads 8479:Tirukkuṟaḷ 8438:Panchadasi 8243:Bhedabheda 8191:Madhyamaka 8031:Monotheism 7656:Kumbh Mela 7624:Gudi Padwa 7569:Durga Puja 7554:Shivaratri 7426:Karnavedha 7406:Namakarana 7368:Tirthatana 7135:Dattatreya 6972:Subhashita 6945:Manusmriti 6822:Dhanurveda 6755:Taittiriya 6740:Kaushitaki 6727:Upanishads 6500:Aparigraha 6402:Philosophy 6172:Markendeya 6149:Mahapurana 5702:23 October 5619:23 October 5567:23 October 5314:23 October 5031:Inden 2000 5007:Inden 2000 4943:Inden 2000 4608:Flood 1996 4596:Flood 1996 4537:Hazra 1987 4377:30 October 4262:. Bombay: 4110:Flood 1996 3984:Hazra 1987 3904:Hazra 1987 3868:Hardy 2001 3845:Bhagavata. 3557:Moghe 1997 3437:, p. 3025:, page 915 2993:References 2978:Fifth Veda 2884:The early 2858:Durga Puja 2711:Chronology 2585:similar". 2550:Kees Bolle 2521:Max Muller 2424:lingabhava 2358:Manvañtara 2339:Pratisarga 2300:Angkor Wat 2167:Upapuranas 2083:Markandeya 1991:Markandeya 1887:Markandeya 1678:Describes 1613:Discusses 1502:Describes 1495:Markandeya 1281:Mahāpurāṇa 1126:Pariplava, 1043:"before," 776:Panchadasi 761:Swara yoga 597:Tirukkuṟaḷ 411:Markandeya 256:Taittiriya 220:Sama vedic 213:Kaushitaki 198:Upanishads 185:Upanishads 9575:Catechism 9571:(Raelian) 9554:Dianetics 9519:Ofudesaki 9358:(Judaism) 9296:Tripiṭaka 9272:(Jainism) 9250:Antiquity 8985:Mithyatva 8875:Chaitanya 8870:Catuṣkoṭi 8835:Asatkalpa 8810:Anavastha 8785:Aishvarya 8704:Sakayanya 8699:Sadananda 8664:Gaudapada 8649:Nagarjuna 8604:Patañjali 8420:Principal 8402:Kamasutra 8196:Yogachara 8115:Raseśvara 7879:Theosophy 7810:Mythology 7790:Criticism 7758:Etymology 7716:Svādhyāya 7615:New Year 7564:Navaratri 7536:Festivals 7514:Grihastha 7487:Kshatriya 7461:Antyeshti 7436:Upanayana 7401:Jatakarma 7391:Pumsavana 7378:Sanskaras 7343:Naivedhya 7297:Practices 7242:Mahavidya 7210:Saraswati 7197:Goddesses 7155:Kartikeya 7052:Athichudi 7007:Tirumurai 6860:Vyākaraṇa 6827:Natyaveda 6775:Chandogya 6700:Divisions 6681:Yajurveda 6300:Narasimha 6257:Upapurana 6192:Bhagavata 6177:Bhavishya 6162:Brahmanda 6100:, MN Dutt 5871:Routledge 4919:mahatmyas 4899:162364709 4659:Chapter 7 4431:, page 17 4076:MN Dutt, 3458:Kane 1962 3435:Kane 1962 3423:Kane 1962 3080:2 October 2998:Citations 2844:Festivals 2838:Rasa Lila 2795:Influence 2791:, Paris. 2757:palm leaf 2751:Forgeries 2672:Telangana 2554:Mahatmyas 2352:genealogy 2343:cosmology 2333:cosmogony 2227:Vasishtha 2181:Narasimha 2156:Upapurana 2144:Raktabija 2126:Upapurana 2087:Brahmanda 2071:Bhavishya 2043:Bhagavata 2034:Vaishnava 1995:Brahmanda 1879:Brahmanda 1842:Bhagavata 1763:Brahmanda 1564:Bhavishya 1447:Bhagavata 1411:texts in 1407:genre of 1242:Harivamsa 1198:Kshatriya 1095:The term 1025:are from 1017:Etymology 968:cosmology 964:cosmogony 894:romanized 746:Tirumurai 676:Kamasutra 435:Bhagavata 416:Bhavishya 401:Brahmānda 358:Vyakarana 227:Chandogya 203:Rig vedic 163:Divisions 151:Yajurveda 9549:(Wiccan) 9529:(Baha'i) 9421:(Shinto) 9391:Medieval 9362:Theogony 9292:(Taoist) 9289:Zhuangzi 9150:Tanmatra 9145:Tajjalan 9135:Syādvāda 9035:Pradhana 9010:Padārtha 8975:Lakshana 8920:Ekagrata 8765:Adrishta 8760:Adarsana 8738:Concepts 8719:Mahavira 8684:Ramanuja 8634:Chanakya 8569:Avatsara 8564:Valluvar 8504:Vedangas 8318:Gandhism 8221:Medieval 8170:Syādvāda 8155:Charvaka 8127:Pāṇiniya 8021:Idealism 7935:Category 7886:Glossary 7854:Buddhism 7820:Hindutva 7780:Calendar 7661:Haridwar 7639:Vaisakhi 7634:Puthandu 7524:Sannyasa 7441:Keshanta 7272:Shashthi 7108:Trimurti 6935:Nitisara 6908:Ramayana 6903:Itihasas 6875:Jyotisha 6817:Ayurveda 6809:Upavedas 6790:Mandukya 6735:Aitareya 6717:Aranyaka 6712:Brahmana 6686:Samaveda 6611:Charvaka 6411:Concepts 6392:Timeline 6384:Glossary 6367:Hinduism 6197:Naradiya 5998:Gaṇapati 5978:Archived 5960:(1986). 5910:(1899). 5856:Archived 5696:Archived 5613:Archived 5561:Archived 5308:Archived 5137:Archived 4848:Archived 4809:Archived 4653:Archived 4489:Rao 1993 4094:Archived 4004:archived 3952:8 August 3946:Archived 3820:Archived 3782:archived 3529:Archived 3488:Archived 3402:Archived 3384:(1988). 3345:Archived 3242:Archived 3183:Archived 3074:Archived 2965:Shaktism 2917:Shaivism 2909:Shaktism 2905:Smartism 2886:Buddhist 2736:— 2703:— 2650:— 2616:anuyogas 2595:— 2532:Itihasas 2488:— 2467:Santosha 2409:: refuge 2310:(above). 2308:Thailand 2304:Cambodia 2279:Nepalese 2270:— 2224:Parasara 2202:Bhargava 2140:Matrikas 2051:Naradiya 1948:Puranas 1891:Bhavisya 1850:Naradiya 1639:Mahatmya 1619:Shaivism 1532:Shaktism 1484:Vedangas 1435:samhitas 1417:Shaivism 1413:Hinduism 1409:Sanskrit 1360:Ramayana 1110:— 1027:Sanskrit 987:Hinduism 953:Hinduism 949:Mahadevi 925:Sanskrit 881:Sanskrit 798:Timeline 655:Shastras 538:Ramayana 440:Naradiya 373:Jyotisha 341:Vedangas 290:Mandukya 208:Aitareya 180:Aranyaka 175:Brahmana 146:Samaveda 86:a series 84:Part of 9597:Puranas 9433:(Islam) 9415:(Islam) 9399:Puranas 9374:Enneads 9195:More... 9165:Upekkhā 9160:Uparati 9140:Taijasa 9115:Śūnyatā 9085:Saṃsāra 9080:Samadhi 9045:Prakṛti 9000:Nirvāṇa 8950:Jivatva 8940:Ikshana 8895:Devatas 8865:Bhumika 8855:Brahman 8845:Avyakta 8790:Akrodha 8770:Advaita 8729:More... 8624:Jaimini 8528:More... 8238:Advaita 8228:Vedanta 8186:Śūnyatā 8145:Ājīvika 8137:Nāstika 8105:Vedanta 8100:Mīmāṃsā 8080:Samkhya 8060:Ancient 8016:Atomism 8011:Atheism 7924:Outline 7874:Sikhism 7869:Judaism 7864:Jainism 7745:Related 7721:Namaste 7574:Ramlila 7504:Ashrama 7492:Vaishya 7482:Brahmin 7305:Worship 7257:Rukmini 7247:Matrika 7220:Parvati 7215:Lakshmi 7205:Tridevi 7160:Krishna 7145:Hanuman 7140:Ganesha 7091:Deities 6977:Tantras 6967:Stotras 6920:Puranas 6865:Nirukta 6855:Chandas 6850:Shiksha 6842:Vedanga 6795:Prashna 6785:Mundaka 6707:Samhita 6676:Rigveda 6607:Nāstika 6592:Advaita 6579:Vedanta 6574:Mīmāṃsā 6554:Samkhya 6542:Schools 6530:Akrodha 6449:Saṃsāra 6429:Ishvara 6419:Brahman 6295:Mudgala 6275:Ganesha 6141:Puranas 5984:28 July 5931:1068416 4891:1062068 4854:26 July 4815:26 July 4710:, p. 98 3494:27 July 3408:28 July 2919:Purana. 2637:Brahman 2610:Jainism 2509:reliefs 2407:Ashraya 2391:Nirodha 2286:Content 2249:Ganesha 2236:Mudgala 2231:Ganesha 2191:Durvasa 1724:Narmada 1720:Avatars 1520:Gujarat 1508:Narmada 1456:Avatars 1425:Parvati 1356:Tripura 1150:Puranam 1059:, from 1053:English 1030:Puranah 1023:Puranas 1007:Advaita 995:Vaidika 991:Smritis 957:Jainism 927:and in 912: 896:: 845:Puranas 531:Itihasa 386:Puranas 363:Nirukta 353:Chandas 348:Shiksha 323:Tantras 295:Prashna 285:Mundaka 170:Samhita 141:Rigveda 9505:Modern 9458:(Sikh) 9431:Hadith 9419:Kojiki 9356:Talmud 9308:Tanakh 9276:Avesta 9270:Agamas 9170:Utsaha 9120:Sutram 9110:Sthiti 9105:Sphoṭa 9075:Sakshi 9060:Puruṣa 9040:Prajna 9005:Niyama 8965:Kasaya 8910:Dravya 8900:Dharma 8860:Bhuman 8850:Bhrama 8805:Ananta 8800:Anatta 8795:Aksara 8780:Ahimsa 8755:Abheda 8745:Abhava 8694:Raikva 8614:Kapila 8609:Kanada 8306:Modern 8280:Shaiva 8248:Dvaita 8150:Ajñana 8110:Shaiva 8068:Āstika 8051:Moksha 8004:Topics 7945:Portal 7849:Baháʼí 7753:Hindus 7731:Tilaka 7700:Others 7676:Ujjain 7671:Prayag 7666:Nashik 7606:Pongal 7544:Diwali 7497:Shudra 7456:Vivaha 7363:Dhyāna 7338:Bhajan 7328:Bhakti 7313:Temple 7267:Shakti 7175:Varuna 7118:Vishnu 7113:Brahma 6962:Sutras 6898:Agamas 6654:Smriti 6585:Dvaita 6550:Āstika 6495:Asteya 6490:Ahimsa 6476:Moksha 6461:Dharma 6374:topics 6290:Kapila 6285:Kalika 6237:Matsya 6227:Skanda 6212:Varaha 6202:Garuda 6187:Vishnu 6182:Vamana 6157:Brahma 6073:GRETIL 6054: 6035: 6007: 5970: 5946: 5929: 5896: 5877: 5844: 5825: 5795: 5776: 5757: 5738: 5719: 5688: 5667: 5644: 5635:Purāṇa 5605: 5584: 5553: 5532: 5504: 5487: 5440: 5418: 5300: 5219: 5199: 5092: 5070: 5053: 4993: 4976: 4897: 4889: 4840: 4801: 4762: 4706: 4689: 4672: 4427: 4398: 4270: 4180: 4058: 3938: 3812: 3774: 3512: 3480: 3394: 3342:Purana 3327: 3310: 3234: 3175: 3132: 3066: 3021: 2888:text ( 2854:Diwali 2805:Hindus 2645:Shakti 2475:Dharma 2471:Kshama 2463:Niyama 2455:Dharma 2416:bhakti 2401:moksha 2379:karmic 2261:Skanda 2209:Kalika 2205:Varuna 2199:Vamana 2195:Kapila 2075:Vamana 2067:Matsya 2063:Varaha 2055:Garuda 2047:Skanda 2039:Vishnu 1999:Skanda 1982:Shakti 1971:Brahma 1966:Brahma 1945:Deity 1930:, and 1928:Skanda 1920:Matsya 1895:Vamana 1893:, and 1875:Brahma 1870:Brahma 1858:Varaha 1856:, and 1846:Garuda 1838:Vishnu 1833:Vishnu 1828:Sattva 1793:sattva 1748:moksha 1744:Garuda 1735:Garuda 1716:Matsya 1707:Matsya 1671:Vamana 1654:Skanda 1630:Varaha 1615:Lingam 1595:Kaveri 1524:dharma 1471:Narada 1404:Purana 1371:Vishnu 1352:Bengal 1331:Odisha 1318:Brahma 1205:Dating 1146:Purana 1138:Purana 1134:Purana 1101:Purana 1097:Purana 1067:Origin 1003:Dvaita 947:, and 945:Brahma 937:Vishnu 902:purāṇa 786:Stotra 659:sutras 494:Skanda 470:Matsya 455:Vamana 445:Garuda 430:Vishnu 396:Brahma 313:Agamas 271:Maitri 117:Smriti 112:Shruti 18:Purana 9413:Quran 9302:Bible 9264:Vedas 9185:Yamas 9180:Viraj 9155:Tyāga 9090:Satya 8990:Mokṣa 8960:Karma 8915:Dhrti 8840:Ātman 8825:Artha 8629:Vyasa 8509:Vedas 8490:Minor 8337:Texts 8085:Nyaya 8076:Hindu 8046:Artha 8026:Logic 7859:Islam 7837:India 7726:Bindi 7709:Other 7649:Ugadi 7644:Vishu 7477:Varna 7358:Tapas 7348:Yajna 7318:Murti 7252:Radha 7232:Durga 7227:Bhumi 7170:Surya 7150:Indra 7123:Shiva 6885:Other 6870:Kalpa 6760:Katha 6664:Vedas 6649:Śruti 6634:Texts 6564:Nyaya 6520:Damah 6510:Satya 6466:Artha 6444:Karma 6434:Atman 6388:Index 6310:Saura 6305:Samba 6280:Kalki 6247:Shiva 6242:Kurma 6222:Linga 6207:Padma 4895:S2CID 4887:JSTOR 4467:53.65 2864:Notes 2721:Nepal 2428:linga 2397:Mukti 2375:Utaya 2348:Vamśa 2329:Sarga 2240:Hamsa 2221:Surya 2218:Nandi 2214:Samba 2136:Durga 2079:Kurma 2022:Surya 2015:Linga 2011:Shiva 2006:Shiva 1975:Padma 1924:Kurma 1916:Linga 1912:Shiva 1907:Shiva 1902:Tamas 1865:Rajas 1854:Padma 1816:Guna 1805:tamas 1799:rajas 1691:Kurma 1643:Durga 1606:Linga 1591:Ganga 1552:Bihar 1512:Tapti 1480:Vedas 1421:Shiva 1388:Shiva 1342:Padma 1300:S.No. 1268:Texts 1185:Vyasa 1072:Vyasa 1061:*per- 1057:*pre- 1041:paros 1038:Greek 972:Vyasa 941:Shiva 933:Hindu 929:other 887:पुराण 489:Linga 484:Shiva 465:Kurma 450:Padma 368:Kalpa 261:Katha 134:Vedas 9405:Puya 9286:and 9241:List 9190:Yoga 8955:Kama 8935:Idam 8930:Hitā 8925:Guṇa 8890:Dāna 8775:Aham 8179:and 8160:Jain 8095:Yoga 8041:Kama 7901:List 7763:List 7690:Teej 7619:Bihu 7601:Onam 7549:Holi 7353:Homa 7333:Japa 7323:Puja 7283:more 7277:Sita 7262:Sati 7237:Kali 7186:more 7180:Vayu 7165:Rama 7130:Agni 7100:Gods 6780:Kena 6750:Isha 6559:Yoga 6525:Dayā 6515:Dāna 6485:Niti 6471:Kama 6439:Maya 6232:Agni 6217:Vayu 6052:ISBN 6033:ISBN 6005:ISBN 5986:2018 5968:ISBN 5944:ISBN 5927:OCLC 5894:ISBN 5875:ISBN 5842:ISBN 5823:ISBN 5793:ISBN 5774:ISBN 5755:ISBN 5736:ISBN 5717:ISBN 5704:2016 5686:ISBN 5665:ISBN 5642:ISBN 5621:2016 5603:ISBN 5582:ISBN 5569:2016 5551:ISBN 5530:ISBN 5502:ISBN 5485:ISBN 5438:ISBN 5416:ISBN 5316:2016 5298:ISBN 5217:ISBN 5197:ISBN 5090:ISBN 5068:ISBN 5051:ISBN 4991:ISBN 4974:ISBN 4856:2018 4838:ISBN 4817:2018 4799:ISBN 4760:ISBN 4704:ISBN 4687:ISBN 4670:ISBN 4425:ISBN 4396:ISBN 4379:2008 4268:ISBN 4178:ISBN 4056:ISBN 4012:2016 3954:2018 3936:ISBN 3828:2016 3810:ISBN 3790:2016 3772:ISBN 3510:ISBN 3496:2018 3478:ISBN 3410:2018 3392:ISBN 3325:ISBN 3308:ISBN 3250:2016 3232:ISBN 3191:2016 3173:ISBN 3130:ISBN 3082:2022 3064:ISBN 3019:ISBN 2915:and 2856:and 2850:Holi 2479:Kama 2459:Kama 2165:The 2118:and 2098:and 2059:Vayu 1959:Agni 1954:Agni 1932:Agni 1787:guna 1776:Bali 1752:Yoga 1543:Agni 1518:and 1510:and 1429:The 1395:The 1244:and 1158:and 1130:hotr 1128:the 1049:paro 1034:pura 1005:and 955:and 916:IPA: 910:lit. 657:and 504:Agni 499:Vayu 251:Isha 232:Kena 123:List 9070:Ṛta 8905:Dhi 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