3295:
171:, this kind of move is marked as an "inaccuracy", denoting a weak move, appearing more regularly than with most annotators. A sacrifice leading to a dangerous attack that the opponent should be able to defend against if they play well may receive a "?!". Alternatively, this may denote a move that is objectively bad but sets up an attractive trap.
180:"risky move". Usually it indicates that the move leads to exciting or wild play but that the objective evaluation of the move is unclear. It is also often used when a player sets a cunning trap in a lost position. Typical moves receiving a "!?" are those involving speculative sacrifices or dangerous attacks that might turn out to be unsound.
451:
which are obviously inaccurate and significantly increase the difficulty of the player's task ... There are no exclamation marks, as they serve no useful purpose. The best move should be mentioned in the analysis in any case; an exclamation mark can only serve to indicate the personal excitement of the commentator.
179:
Similar to "?!" (see above), an exclamation mark followed by a question mark "!?" is one of the most controversial symbols. Different sources have slightly varying definitions, such as "interesting, but perhaps not the best move", "move deserving attention", "speculative move", "enterprising move" or
450:
I have attached question marks to the moves which change a winning position into a drawn game, or a drawn position into a losing one, according to my judgment; a move which changes a winning game into a losing one deserves two question marks ... I have distributed question marks in brackets to moves
222:
The double exclamation point "!!" is used for particularly strong moves, usually difficult-to-find moves which require a high level of skill and calculation. Annotators are generally more conservative and withhold this rating more than they do the "!". Typical moves that receive a double exclamation
158:
A question mark followed by an exclamation mark "?!" usually indicates that the annotator believes the move to be dubious or questionable but to possibly have merits or be difficult to refute. The "?!" may also indicate that the annotator believes the move is weak or deserves criticism but not bad
254:
The majority of chess writers and editors consider symbols more than two characters long unnecessary. However a few writers have used three or more exclamation points ("!!!") for an exceptionally brilliant move, three or more questions marks ("???") for an exceptionally bad blunder, or unusual
130:. A "??"-worthy move may result in an immediately lost position, turn a won position into a draw, lose an important piece or otherwise severely worsen the player's position. Though more common among less experienced players, blunders occur at all levels of play, seen among grandmasters too.
142:, material, or otherwise a worsening of the player's position. The nature of a mistake may be more strategic than tactical; in some cases, the move receiving a question mark may be one for which it is difficult to find a refutation. A move that overlooks a forthcoming brilliant
428:, but it can be safely assumed the convention is not being used unless there is a specific note otherwise. The Nunn convention cannot be used to annotate full games because the exact evaluation of a position is generally impractical to compute.
194:
An exclamation point "!" indicates a good move, especially one that is surprising or requires particular skill. The symbol may also be interpreted as "best move". Annotators are usually somewhat conservative with the use of this symbol.
366:, this is the only move that does not lose; if the position is theoretically won, this is the only move that secures the win. An "!" is used no matter how trivial the move in question; the only exception is if it is the only legal move.
149:
In some cases, a move that would normally be considered a blunder may receive only one question mark; this typically only happens if the player who made the move was already close to losing or otherwise at a severe disadvantage.
398:
A move that makes the opponent's task harder or one's own task easier; for example, in a theoretically lost position, a move that forces the opponent to find several "!" moves in order to win
214:
in lost positions, moves that avoid such traps, moves that punish mistakes well, sequential moves during brilliancies, and being the only good move that maintains the player's position.
65:
The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see
1186:
1153:
406:
A move that makes the opponent's task easier or one's own task harder; for example, in a theoretically won position, a move that requires several subsequent "!" moves in order to win
382:
A move that negatively affects the evaluation of the position: If the position had been drawn before the move, it is now lost; if won before the move, it is now drawn or lost.
146:
from the opponent would rarely receive more than one question mark, for example. The symbol can also be used for a move that overlooks a far stronger move.
138:
A single question mark "?" indicates that the annotator thinks that the move is a mistake and should not have been played. Mistakes often lead to loss of
1846:
186:
jokingly called "!?" the symbol of the lazy annotator who finds a move interesting but cannot be bothered to work out whether it is good or bad.
255:
combinations of exclamation points and question marks ("!?!", "?!?" etc) for particularly unusual, spectacular, controversial or unsound moves.
1308:
281:
An exceptionally bad blunder which has sometimes been awarded three or more question marks ("???") occurred in Deep Fritz-Kramnik 2006, when
56:
that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the
297:
Sometimes annotation symbols are put in parentheses, e.g. "(?)", "(!)". Different writers have used these in different ways; for example,
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2632:
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223:
mark include sound sacrifices of large amounts of material and counter-intuitive moves that prove very powerful. Endgame
17:
3148:
2618:
2613:
1941:
3085:
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1468:
3055:
3045:
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231:
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used it to indicate a move that is objectively sound, but was in his opinion a poor psychological choice; and
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used "(?)" to indicate a move that he considered inferior but that he did not wish to comment on further;
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879:
200:
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Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently.
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In 1959, Euwe and Hooper made the same use of the question mark, "... a decisive error ...".
114:, a critically bad mistake. Typical moves that receive double question marks are those that overlook a
78:
685:
469:
A move that turns a winning position into a drawn position, or a drawn position into a lost position.
362:
The only move that maintains the current evaluation of the position: If the position is theoretically
309:(see below) used it to indicate a move that is inaccurate and makes the player's task more difficult.
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2717:
1100:
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37:
This article is about the evaluation of chess moves. For the recording of moves in a chess game, see
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Can also denote a position that is unclear, but appears to the annotator to be approximately equal.
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is a part of the thematic content of a problem, avoided duals (if listed) are marked with "?"
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encodings, but quite a few still require a special chess font with appropriated characters.
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2011:
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denotes the circumstance where White has compensation for Black's material advantage, and
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96:
Move evaluation symbols, by decreasing severity or increasing effectiveness of the move:
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An inaccuracy; a move that significantly increases the difficulty of the player's task.
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1302:
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Reasons for awarding the symbol vary greatly between annotators; among them are strong
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denotes the circumstance where Black has compensation for White's material advantage.
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Some writers take a less subjective or more formalized approach to these symbols.
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58:
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There are other symbols used by various chess engines and publications, such as
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1958:
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781:, when annotating moves or describing positions. Many of the symbols now have
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is given, there are also some conventions that have become a common practice:
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1976:
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prefers an even more specific and restrained use of move evaluation symbols:
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31:
62:, have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.
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Often used when a position is highly asymmetrical, e.g. Black has a ruined
363:
686:
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2281:
2164:
1775:
1770:
1728:
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270:
three exclamation points. Annotators have also awarded the final move of
48:
games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols.
1386:, published by Edition Marco, Verlag Arno Nickel, Berlin, 1996, pp. 7–8.
3215:
2276:
2112:
2102:
2035:
2019:
1711:
560:
263:
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536:
520:
206:, good psychological opening choices, well-timed breakthroughs, sound
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2519:
2122:
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2006:
1981:
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1966:
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These symbols indicate the strategic balance of the game position:
751:
721:
Unclear position: It is unclear who (if anyone) has an advantage.
121:
1640:
782:
587:
345:
where the optimal line of play can be determined with certainty:
168:
1339:"Georg Rotlewi vs Akiba Rubinstein (1907) Rubinstein's Immortal"
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609:
Even position: White and Black have more or less equal chances.
2107:
997:
238:
which annotators typically award a double exclamation point -
1560:
45:
341:
uses these symbols in a more specific way in the context of
1625:
477:
A move that turns a winning position into a lost position.
412:
This convention has been used in some later works, such as
30:"Chess symbols" redirects here. For the Unicode block, see
27:
Notation indicating the writer's assessment of a chess move
3294:
1529:
249:
1161:
1128:
828:
The only reasonable move, or the only move available
641:
Slight advantage: Black has slightly better chances.
625:
Slight advantage: White has slightly better chances.
1122:
has given two distinct glyphs for the same concept:
1428:
1180:
1147:
153:
3317:
1477:
850:The opponent's plan this move defends against
1545:
1218:. C&O Family Chess Center. Archived from
1297:]. Vol. 14. Belgrade. pp. 8–9.
1016:
246:, knight and queen sacrifices respectively.
669:Clear advantage: Black has the upper hand.
655:Clear advantage: White has the upper hand.
289:, overlooking a mate in one with 35. Qh7#.
1552:
1538:
1459:. Vol. D (2nd ed.). Yugoslavia:
1419:
1307:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
890:
374:A particularly difficult-to-find "!" move
110:The double question mark "??" indicates a
1449:
1285:
278:(the "gold-coin game") the "!!!" symbol.
1389:
1181:{\displaystyle {\stackrel {\infty }{=}}}
1148:{\displaystyle {\stackrel {=}{\infty }}}
174:
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217:
1533:
525:move is marked with at least one "!"
234:, there are two moves by 13-year-old
230:For example, in what is known as the
227:sometimes receive the "!!" mark too.
86:
1507:
1362:
491:
434:
320:
250:Three or more character combinations
159:enough to warrant a "?". On certain
1236:
839:The future plan this move supports
312:
24:
1397:"Chess Informant: System of Signs"
1171:
1133:
815:A better move than the one played
25:
3342:
727:but dangerous active piece-play.
3293:
2964:List of strong chess tournaments
1322:Chess to Enjoy-Eternal Questions
764:
329:and other books in the series (
189:
1942:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
1456:Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings
1413:
788:
778:Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings
705:Black has a winning advantage.
496:When the solution to a certain
154:?! (Dubious move / Inaccuracy)
99:
1377:
1368:
1355:
1331:
1315:
1201:
1113:
331:Secrets of Minor-Piece Endings
292:
133:
13:
1:
3062:Computer chess championships
1195:
702:Decisive advantage for Black
680:Decisive advantage for White
258:For example, when annotating
1023:The player is short on time
571:
7:
2844:Bishop and knight checkmate
1435:(reprint ed.). Dover.
1384:Twenty-five Annotated Games
1374:Euwe & Hooper, p. viii.
1079:
549:A refutation to a try move
335:Secrets of Pawnless Endings
10:
3347:
3007:Other world championships
1086:Algebraic notation (chess)
390:An obviously bad "?" move
103:
74:
36:
29:
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3198:
3101:
2954:
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2643:
2485:
2425:
2416:
2327:
2195:
2056:
1957:
1793:
1697:
1567:
1559:
1487:Fundamental Chess Endings
1101:Numeric Annotation Glyphs
1002:controlled by one player
756:has compensation for it.
414:Fundamental Chess Endings
2981:World Chess Championship
2854:Opposite-colored bishops
1947:World Chess Hall of Fame
1445:– via Archive.org.
1431:A Guide to Chess Endings
1406:Uses FigurineCB webfont.
1328:, March 2000, pp. 12–13.
1209:"Chess Analysis Symbols"
1106:
1096:Chess symbols in Unicode
91:
81:to describe chess moves.
67:Algebraic chess notation
3275:Simultaneous exhibition
3185:Chess newspaper columns
2874:Rook and bishop vs rook
2864:Queen and pawn vs queen
1515:. Gambit Publications.
1513:Secrets of Rook Endings
891:Positions or conditions
418:Secrets of Pawn Endings
327:Secrets of Rook Endings
260:Rotlewi–Rubinstein 1907
2730:Richter–Veresov Attack
2718:Queen's Indian Defense
1182:
1149:
1017:
638:Slight plus for Black
622:Slight plus for White
453:
272:Levitsky-Marshall 1912
175:!? (Interesting move)
161:Internet chess servers
118:that wins substantial
2991:Candidates Tournament
2879:Rook and pawn vs rook
2849:King and pawn vs king
2800:List of chess gambits
2703:King's Indian Defense
2381:Isolated Queen's Pawn
1905:List of chess players
1847:Top player comparison
1646:Internet chess server
1451:Matanović, Aleksandar
1287:Matanović, Aleksander
1183:
1150:
748:: Whoever is down in
666:Clear plus for Black
652:Clear plus for White
448:
266:awarded Rubinstein's
2708:Nimzo-Indian Defense
2604:Scandinavian Defense
2565:Semi-Italian Opening
2470:King's Indian Attack
2359:first-move advantage
2012:Threefold repetition
1937:Bobby Fischer Center
1822:Charlemagne chessmen
1816:Göttingen manuscript
1780:
1621:Correspondence chess
1159:
1126:
995:
971:
950:
930:
878:
749:
684:
558:
534:
518:
218:!! (Brilliant move)
199:
119:
2936:Two knights endgame
2688:Bogo-Indian Defense
2575:Two Knights Defense
2515:Nimzowitsch Defense
2205:Artificial castling
1842:Soviet chess school
1717:Dubrovnik chess set
1491:Gambit Publications
1291:Šahovski Informator
881:theoretical novelty
232:Game of the Century
18:Punctuation (chess)
3166:endgame literature
2713:Old Indian Defense
2623:Accelerated Dragon
2495:Alekhine's Defense
2227:Checkmate patterns
2096:symbols in Unicode
2091:annotation symbols
1854:Geography of chess
1722:Staunton chess set
1343:www.chessgames.com
1178:
1145:
87:Evaluation symbols
79:algebraic notation
77:This article uses
54:exclamation points
3313:
3312:
3190:Chess periodicals
3119:Chess in the arts
3051:Chess composition
2889:Philidor position
2830:
2829:
2772:Trompowsky Attack
2755:Semi-Slav Defense
2645:Queen's Pawn Game
2525:Four Knights Game
2500:Caro–Kann Defense
2465:Zukertort Opening
2252:Discovered attack
1972:Cheating in chess
1809:Versus de scachis
1522:978-1-901983-18-0
1500:978-1-901983-53-1
1442:978-0-486-23332-1
1175:
1142:
1077:
1076:
888:
887:
836:With the idea...
762:
761:
569:
568:
492:Chess composition
489:
488:
435:Hübner's approach
410:
409:
325:In his 1992 book
321:Nunn's convention
210:, moves that set
202:opening novelties
16:(Redirected from
3338:
3331:Lists of symbols
3300:Chess portal
3298:
3297:
3241:Leela Chess Zero
3172:Oxford Companion
3124:early literature
3114:Chess aesthetics
2859:Pawnless endgame
2810:Bongcloud Attack
2788:List of openings
2760:Chigorin Defense
2698:Grünfeld Defense
2609:Sicilian Defence
2555:Ponziani Opening
2550:Philidor Defense
2545:Petrov's Defense
2487:King's Pawn Game
2460:Larsen's Opening
2423:
2422:
1784:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1504:
1483:Lamprecht, Frank
1474:
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1408:
1404:
1399:. Archived from
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915:An advantage in
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313:Alternative uses
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44:When annotating
21:
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3309:
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3180:Chess libraries
3097:
3001:FIDE Grand Prix
2996:Chess World Cup
2950:
2946:Wrong rook pawn
2884:Lucena position
2826:
2776:
2693:Catalan Opening
2668:English Defence
2653:Budapest Gambit
2639:
2597:Austrian Attack
2481:
2450:English Opening
2412:
2408:School of chess
2391:Minority attack
2323:
2292:Queen sacrifice
2191:
2052:
2048:White and Black
2043:Touch-move rule
2002:Perpetual check
1997:Fifty-move rule
1953:
1789:
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1693:
1563:
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1523:
1501:
1479:Müller, Karsten
1471:
1461:Chess Informant
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1378:
1373:
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1337:
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1332:
1324:, published in
1320:
1316:
1300:
1299:
1295:Chess Informant
1284:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:chesscenter.net
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1120:Chess Informant
1118:
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1001:
984:
983:
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977:
961:
956:
949:The player has
941:
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893:
884:
867:
866:
862:
857:
856:
820:
807:
791:
772:Chess Informant
767:
757:
755:
733:
722:
710:
690:
633:
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574:
564:
540:
524:
494:
437:
426:Frank Lamprecht
323:
315:
295:
252:
220:
205:
192:
177:
156:
136:
125:
108:
106:Blunder (chess)
102:
94:
89:
84:
83:
82:
59:Chess Informant
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3344:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3326:Chess notation
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3223:
3221:Chess composer
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3163:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3076:North American
3073:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2969:Chess Olympiad
2966:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2820:Scholar's mate
2817:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2735:Queen's Gambit
2732:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2678:Benoni Defense
2673:Indian Defense
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2616:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2587:Owen's Defense
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2517:
2512:
2510:Modern Defense
2507:
2505:French Defense
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2440:Bird's Opening
2437:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2371:Pawn structure
2368:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2215:Alekhine's gun
2207:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2128:Half-open file
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2071:Chess notation
2068:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2026:Pawn promotion
2023:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1929:
1927:Women in chess
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1837:Hypermodernism
1834:
1832:Romantic chess
1829:
1827:Lewis chessmen
1824:
1819:
1812:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1665:world rankings
1657:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1594:Computer chess
1591:
1590:
1589:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1505:
1499:
1475:
1469:
1453:, ed. (1987).
1447:
1441:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1403:on 2017-01-01.
1388:
1376:
1367:
1354:
1330:
1314:
1289:, ed. (1973).
1235:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1173:
1168:
1140:
1135:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1091:Chess notation
1088:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1010:
1004:
1003:
992:
989:
979:
978:
968:
965:
958:
957:
947:
944:
938:
937:
927:
924:
920:
919:
913:
910:
906:
905:
902:
899:
892:
889:
886:
885:
875:
872:
852:
851:
848:
845:
841:
840:
837:
834:
830:
829:
826:
823:
817:
816:
813:
810:
804:
803:
800:
797:
790:
787:
766:
765:Other symbols
763:
760:
759:
742:
739:
736:
729:
728:
725:pawn structure
719:
716:
713:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
693:
692:
681:
678:
675:
671:
670:
667:
664:
661:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
643:
642:
639:
636:
631:
627:
626:
623:
620:
615:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
597:
596:
593:
590:
585:
573:
570:
567:
566:
561:dual avoidance
555:
551:
550:
547:
543:
542:
531:
527:
526:
515:
511:
510:
507:
493:
490:
487:
486:
483:
479:
478:
475:
471:
470:
467:
463:
462:
459:
436:
433:
422:Karsten Müller
408:
407:
404:
400:
399:
396:
392:
391:
388:
384:
383:
380:
376:
375:
372:
368:
367:
360:
356:
355:
352:
322:
319:
314:
311:
294:
291:
251:
248:
219:
216:
191:
190:! (Good move)
188:
176:
173:
155:
152:
135:
132:
126:or overlook a
104:Main article:
101:
98:
93:
90:
88:
85:
76:
75:
50:Question marks
39:Chess notation
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3343:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3281:
3280:Solving chess
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Chess prodigy
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3253:Chess problem
3251:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:opening books
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3149:short stories
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:Art and media
3100:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:triangulation
2912:
2910:
2909:Tarrasch rule
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Queen vs pawn
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:London System
2723:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Modern Benoni
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Dutch Defense
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:King's Gambit
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:Grob's Attack
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Dunst Opening
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:Benko Opening
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2427:Flank opening
2424:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Transposition
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:Chess museums
1930:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:Notable games
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1689:World records
1687:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:Rating system
1658:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1470:86-7297-008-X
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1425:Hooper, David
1422:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1225:on 2018-01-16
1221:
1217:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1166:
1138:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1000:
993:
990:
981:
980:
976:
969:
966:
960:
959:
955:
948:
945:
940:
939:
935:
928:
925:
922:
921:
918:
914:
911:
908:
907:
903:
900:
897:
896:
883:
876:
873:
871:
861:
854:
853:
849:
846:
843:
842:
838:
835:
832:
831:
827:
824:
819:
818:
814:
811:
806:
805:
801:
798:
795:
794:
786:
784:
780:
779:
774:
773:
754:
747:
743:
741:Compensation
740:
737:
731:
730:
726:
720:
717:
714:
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
695:
694:
689:
682:
679:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
662:
659:
658:
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299:Ludek Pachman
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184:Andrew Soltis
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100:?? (Blunder)
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32:Chess Symbols
19:
3226:Chess engine
3211:Chess boxing
3171:
2941:Wrong bishop
2793:theory table
2767:Torre Attack
2750:Slav Defense
2658:Colle System
2633:Scheveningen
2592:Pirc Defense
2535:Italian Game
2530:Giuoco Piano
2475:Réti Opening
2398:Piece values
2386:Maróczy Bind
2347:the exchange
2337:Compensation
2267:Interference
2257:Double check
2090:
2031:Time control
2018:
1992:by agreement
1920:grandmasters
1864:South Africa
1814:
1807:
1783:Score sheets
1729:Chess pieces
1636:Online chess
1582:Chess titles
1577:Chess theory
1512:
1486:
1454:
1430:
1414:Bibliography
1405:
1401:the original
1391:
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1370:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1342:
1333:
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1294:
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1227:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1215:
1203:
1119:
1115:
1058:Double check
1013:Time trouble
967:Development
946:Counterplay
865:
855:
789:Move-related
776:
770:
768:
746:compensation
683:White has a
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134:? (Mistake)
109:
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43:
3156:Chess books
2956:Tournaments
2815:Fool's mate
2580:Vienna Game
2570:Scotch Game
2403:Prophylaxis
2319:Zwischenzug
2304:Undermining
2272:Overloading
2232:Combination
2081:descriptive
1776:Chess table
1771:Chess clock
1587:Grandmaster
974:development
953:counterplay
912:Initiative
847:Countering
691:advantage.
441:grandmaster
293:Parentheses
144:combination
3320:Categories
3263:joke chess
3216:Chess club
2904:opposition
2366:Middlegame
2354:Initiative
2277:Pawn storm
2242:Deflection
2113:Key square
2103:Fianchetto
2036:Fast chess
2020:En passant
1712:chessboard
1509:Nunn, John
1348:2022-03-08
1326:Chess Life
1229:2014-07-29
1196:References
970:A lead in
917:initiative
572:Positions
303:Simon Webb
264:Hans Kmoch
244:17...Be6!!
240:11...Na4!!
208:sacrifices
163:, such as
3246:Stockfish
3236:Deep Blue
3231:AlphaZero
3139:paintings
2931:Tablebase
2895:Strategy
2805:Irregular
2560:Ruy Lopez
2520:Open Game
2287:Sacrifice
2247:Desperado
2150:connected
2123:Open file
2118:King walk
2076:algebraic
2007:Stalemate
1982:Checkmate
1707:Chess set
1699:Equipment
1427:(1976) .
1421:Euwe, Max
1363:Nunn 1999
1303:cite book
1172:∞
1134:∞
1070:Checkmate
901:In brief
799:In brief
592:In brief
339:John Nunn
268:22...Rxc3
165:Chess.com
128:checkmate
3305:Category
3258:glossary
2919:Zugzwang
2899:fortress
2836:Endgames
2745:Declined
2740:Accepted
2418:Openings
2376:Hedgehog
2342:Exchange
2329:Strategy
2309:Windmill
2160:isolated
2145:backward
1967:Castling
1910:amateurs
1803:Timeline
1677:Variants
1631:Glossary
1614:software
1599:glossary
1511:(1999).
1485:(2001).
1080:See also
1034:Zugzwang
929:With an
904:Meaning
874:Novelty
802:Meaning
752:material
718:Unclear
595:Meaning
509:Meaning
461:Meaning
354:Meaning
343:endgames
287:34...Qe3
276:23...Qg3
225:swindles
122:material
3206:Arbiter
3199:Related
3056:Solving
3046:Amateur
2628:Najdorf
2210:Battery
2197:Tactics
2172:Swindle
2155:doubled
2135:Outpost
2066:Blunder
1881:Armenia
1795:History
1641:Premove
1609:engines
1604:matches
1569:Outline
1018:zeitnot
926:Attack
898:Symbol
812:Better
796:Symbol
783:Unicode
715:
699:
687:winning
677:
603:
588:Unicode
506:Symbol
458:Symbol
439:German
351:Symbol
285:played
283:Kramnik
169:Lichess
112:blunder
3144:poetry
3134:novels
3109:Caïssa
3041:Senior
3031:Junior
2619:Dragon
2614:Alapin
2299:Skewer
2165:passed
2108:Gambit
1915:female
1876:Europe
1859:Africa
1754:Knight
1749:Bishop
1519:
1497:
1467:
1439:
1015:, AKA
991:Space
964:or ↑↑
933:attack
696:− +
674:+ −
660:−/+
646:+/−
630:=/+
614:+/=
606:Equal
116:tactic
92:Moves
3091:WCSCC
3036:Youth
3026:Blitz
3021:Rapid
3011:Women
2974:Women
2926:Study
2781:Other
2314:X-ray
2237:Decoy
2222:Block
2177:Tempo
2140:Pawns
2058:Terms
1977:Check
1959:Rules
1893:India
1886:Spain
1871:China
1764:Fairy
1739:Queen
1670:norms
1561:Chess
1293:[
1223:(PDF)
1212:(PDF)
1107:Notes
1046:Check
998:space
994:More
825:Only
744:With
583:CP437
557:When
541:move
364:drawn
212:traps
140:tempo
46:chess
3129:film
3086:WCCC
3081:TCEC
3071:CSVN
3016:Team
2986:List
2262:Fork
2187:Trap
1987:Draw
1759:Pawn
1744:Rook
1734:King
1682:List
1651:list
1626:FIDE
1517:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1309:link
775:and
600:=
482:(?)
424:and
416:and
333:and
242:and
167:and
52:and
3066:CCC
2282:Pin
2086:PGN
1054:++
537:try
521:key
474:??
420:by
403:?!
395:!?
387:??
371:!!
337:),
3322::
1493:.
1489:.
1481:;
1463:.
1423:;
1341:.
1305:}}
1301:{{
1238:^
1214:.
1066:#
1042:+
923:→
909:↑
877:A
863:or
858:TN
844:∇
833:Δ
738:⯹
732:=/
663:∓
649:±
554:?
546:!
533:A
530:?
517:A
514:!
466:?
379:?
359:!
274:,
262:,
69:.
2621:/
1553:e
1546:t
1539:v
1525:.
1503:.
1473:.
1365:)
1361:(
1351:.
1311:)
1232:.
1167:=
1139:=
1029:⊙
1008:⊕
985:○
962:↻
942:⇄
868:N
821:□
808:⌓
734:∞
711:∞
634:⩱
618:⩲
41:.
34:.
20:)
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