36:
295:
of
Sulawesi. While it was later found decades after (Himmelmann, 1990) that there are shared innovations between Philippine and Tomini languages, there are still uncertainties as to whether the latter do validly form one genetic group, or should be relegated as a mere geographic unit. Meanwhile,
304:
are descendants of this Proto-Philippine, which has subsequently garnered counter-evidences (Blust, 1974; Reid, 1982; Zorc, 1986). Lastly, there have been several proposals establishing southern
Philippines as the boundary (Thomas & Healey, 1962; Dyen, 1965; Zorc, 1977; 1986) with the
1513:
Below is a table comparing core vocabulary from modern
Philippine languages in relation to the follow Proto-Philippine innovations. Note that the accented vowels (e.g. á) under Proto-Philippine indicate the stress, while q represents
375:—with the rationale that the aforementioned have "relatively better structural description and vocabularies" than other related and geographically contiguous languages at that time. While his analysis focused on attested
338:
Llamzon's (1975) proposed phonology of Proto-Philippine was derived from earlier reconstructions of
Dempwolff's (1934-1938) works by Dyen (1947; 1951; 1953a; 1953b; 1953c). Used in this reconstruction were nine
185:
325:
Due to issues in the validity of a
Philippine genetic group, and thus the existence of an ancestral Proto-Philippine language, most of its features particularly its phonology remain as proposals.
192:
178:
198:
203:
165:
5159:
3605:
2733:
2620:
3161:
2773:
82:
3923:
3971:
5197:
6336:
1382:
Paz revisits two types of proto-Austronesian L as part of her reconstruction (l, l̥), which makes it distinct from other reconstructions.
3803:
Charles, Matthew (1974). "Problems in the reconstruction of Proto-Philippine phonology and the subgrouping of the
Philippine languages".
3697:
Charles, Mathew (1974). "Problems in the
Reconstruction of Proto-Philippine Phonology and the Subgrouping of the Philippine Languages".
6563:
5152:
707:
821:
The proto-phonemes *j and *R are not preserved as such in any
Philippine language: *j became either *g or *d (e.g. *púsəj became
3734:
Zorc, R.D. (1986). "The genetic relationships of
Philippine languages." In Geraghty, P., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors,
1344:
6937:
5145:
4129:
306:
6875:
6259:
6205:
5379:
1354:
1334:
788:
776:
6745:
6549:
6513:
3964:
1026:
Another notable proposal is by Paz (1981) who conducted a bottom-up approach by reconstructing using her own symbols.
6656:
6539:
6400:
6232:
4488:
3914:
6859:
6827:
6646:
6621:
6487:
6467:
6329:
5695:
3630:
317:
group as the third branch, but such has been later disputed as entirely separate directly under Malayo-Polynesian.
149:
17:
6880:
6799:
6693:
6651:
6605:
6559:
6534:
6508:
6492:
263:
There have been three initial proposals in delineating the southern boundaries of the
Philippine group: Northern
6729:
6688:
6672:
6600:
6569:
4939:
379:
phonemes which were retained in this Proto-Philippine, features that were lost or merged were not highlighted.
6778:
6773:
6544:
6436:
6431:
6405:
6380:
5417:
4886:
4819:
3957:
818:
Proto-phonemes *Z and *D were restricted to medial positions, and were not retained in any of the languages.
171:
5933:
5168:
4637:
4140:
3650:
1262:
662:
1984:
1952:
1929:
1903:
1852:
1820:
1794:
1765:
1733:
1694:
1659:
1624:
1589:
1557:
1469:
1451:
1435:
1430:
1423:
1279:
964:
960:
956:
258:
249:
has found regular similarities among languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing.
6809:
6322:
3625:
2540:
1283:
887:
684:
376:
143:
6554:
6132:
5943:
5384:
5364:
5278:
5061:
4990:
4859:
4725:
4662:
4321:
4296:
1366:
1211:
1181:
1161:
939:
800:
544:
524:
3920:
5948:
5359:
5354:
4642:
4632:
4177:
4172:
3640:
1364:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1301:
1260:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1159:
1140:
1122:
1112:
937:
916:
897:
885:
798:
786:
774:
753:
705:
682:
660:
631:
604:
592:
582:
572:
562:
552:
542:
532:
522:
501:
483:
473:
242:
6932:
6461:
6079:
5374:
5301:
4806:
4773:
4698:
4569:
4187:
4016:
1201:
899:
633:
564:
230:
61:
6529:
6056:
5647:
5526:
5339:
5071:
4614:
4167:
4044:
2923:
1221:
1191:
1171:
693:
584:
554:
534:
4652:
6906:
6901:
6804:
6579:
6345:
6277:
5642:
5632:
5612:
5521:
5505:
5205:
5087:
4876:
4871:
3655:
3635:
2755:
2209:
574:
226:
78:
6314:
5627:
4110:
6766:
6595:
6482:
6127:
5477:
5369:
4790:
4445:
4182:
3316:
1324:
1303:
1124:
1114:
766:
485:
475:
5349:
4291:
3680:
6896:
6761:
6574:
6415:
6395:
6370:
5993:
5622:
5515:
5334:
5245:
5235:
4473:
4316:
4157:
4062:
4056:
3980:
3645:
2905:
2810:
2465:
2188:
2105:
1542:
1537:
1409:
1231:
980:
848:
594:
314:
222:
118:
5796:
4359:
8:
6237:
6157:
6046:
5718:
5665:
5574:
5549:
5255:
5220:
4972:
4763:
4735:
4624:
4594:
4559:
4331:
4266:
4215:
3487:
3406:
3347:
3341:
3143:
3056:
2993:
2583:
2429:
1250:
1051:
840:
755:
650:
615:
404:
348:
288:
4824:
6714:
6472:
6452:
6410:
6385:
6349:
6254:
6242:
6200:
6137:
5968:
5928:
5918:
5831:
5826:
5763:
5753:
5685:
5675:
5457:
5187:
5018:
4962:
4924:
4753:
4720:
4712:
4604:
4584:
4531:
4526:
4516:
4511:
4351:
4306:
4281:
4230:
4210:
4072:
3855:
3820:
3770:
3714:
3566:
3544:
3522:
3385:
3201:
3062:
2959:
2941:
1142:
1046:
503:
399:
372:
310:
246:
87:
6843:
6783:
6698:
6457:
6390:
6375:
6303:
6222:
6165:
6142:
6051:
6026:
6013:
5998:
5988:
5983:
5864:
5836:
5708:
5559:
5554:
5412:
5182:
5008:
4947:
4894:
4690:
4647:
4609:
4574:
4496:
4426:
4311:
4271:
4253:
4235:
4225:
4197:
3988:
3736:
FOCAL II: Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics
3559:
3537:
3242:
3098:
2999:
2866:
1547:
1066:
1056:
988:
918:
424:
409:
6724:
6626:
6477:
6195:
6122:
6104:
6084:
6041:
6031:
6003:
5958:
5953:
5923:
5882:
5854:
5816:
5811:
5801:
5768:
5758:
5680:
5670:
5607:
5592:
5569:
5482:
5467:
5447:
5432:
5260:
5250:
5240:
5230:
5210:
5031:
4998:
4919:
4829:
4796:
4748:
4743:
4680:
4675:
4589:
4579:
4546:
4501:
4478:
4419:
4405:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4364:
4286:
4276:
4261:
4246:
4240:
4205:
4095:
4090:
4080:
4034:
3996:
3847:
3812:
3762:
3706:
3472:
3450:
3428:
3361:
3020:
3014:
2247:
1532:
1527:
1042:
1037:
992:
976:
972:
968:
844:
836:
829:
822:
419:
395:
390:
360:
344:
340:
292:
6249:
6227:
6217:
6212:
6190:
6114:
6089:
6036:
5973:
5859:
5846:
5773:
5738:
5728:
5723:
5713:
5657:
5637:
5597:
5564:
5544:
5510:
5472:
5452:
5442:
5437:
5427:
5344:
5311:
5296:
5225:
5092:
5041:
5036:
5026:
4952:
4929:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4844:
4834:
4758:
4554:
4536:
4468:
4460:
4369:
4336:
4220:
4149:
4115:
4085:
4001:
3927:
3367:
2887:
2555:
2393:
2332:
2314:
2182:
1291:
1061:
984:
728:
414:
368:
364:
356:
6147:
6099:
6074:
6021:
5978:
5963:
5938:
5806:
5791:
5748:
5743:
5733:
5602:
5487:
5462:
5422:
5394:
5316:
5265:
5137:
5123:
5066:
5003:
4967:
4957:
4849:
4839:
4670:
4564:
4521:
4341:
4326:
4301:
4100:
4029:
4024:
3584:
3276:
3183:
1153:
516:
352:
218:
3889:
3738:. C-94:147-173. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986.
967:
in Tagalog), but is retained in a diverse range of Philippine languages (e.g.
6926:
6719:
5874:
5703:
5617:
5584:
5407:
5402:
5306:
4814:
4785:
4506:
4162:
4105:
4006:
3944:
3262:
3080:
2502:
2447:
2146:
1399:
867:
51:
3940:
6094:
6066:
5892:
5821:
5783:
5326:
4599:
2229:
2223:
2083:
1515:
1241:
606:
313:" as two primary branches. Walton (1979) and McFarland (1980) included the
71:
6298:
4411:
4400:
3465:
3443:
3256:
3034:
2203:
2160:
2125:
2061:
1417:
1394:
879:
862:
128:
3788:
Himmelmann, Nikolaus (1990). "Sourcebook on Tomini-Tolitoli languages".
241:. Proto-Philippine is not directly attested to in any written work, but
5497:
5288:
3949:
3824:
3774:
3718:
3301:
3215:
3040:
2738:
2410:
2099:
2020:
Below are selected animal and plant names in Proto-Philippine from the
1461:
1404:
1104:
929:
872:
465:
3859:
5215:
3599:
3236:
3221:
3124:
3117:
2881:
2791:
2676:
2657:
2638:
2566:
2561:
2055:
1443:
908:
284:
238:
3838:
Dyen, Isidore (1965). "Language distribution and migration theory".
3816:
3766:
3753:
Blust, Robert (1991). "The Greater Central Philippines hypothesis".
3710:
229:
which includes all languages within the Philippines (except for the
5910:
3851:
3421:
2828:
2388:
2369:
2140:
2077:
280:
276:
272:
271:, southern Philippines (encompassing southern Luzon all the way to
268:
234:
6911:
5900:
3915:
The Application of the Comparative Method to Philippine Languages
3322:
3282:
2483:
2350:
2119:
301:
287:. The earliest boundary was proposed by Esser (1938) between the
1479:
In comparison to Llamzon, Paz presents five diphthongs instead.
6344:
6185:
5536:
3515:
3493:
2847:
2601:
2521:
2308:
2166:
264:
3921:
On the Development of Comitative Verbs in Philippine Languages
3499:
3176:
3113:
2977:
2714:
2695:
2292:
952:
297:
3875:
A reconstruction of Proto-Philippine phonemes and morphemes
3400:
3120:
tree with fruits that are pounded and used to stupefy fish
3877:. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Linguistic Circle.
296:
Charles (1974) in particular proposed that languages in
3792:. Department of Linguistics, University of Köln: 336.
233:) as well as those within the northern portions of
3890:"Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition"
3888:Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (April 25, 2020).
27:Reconstructed ancestor of the Philippine languages
3197:large forest tree with edible brown, hairy fruits
77:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
6924:
5167:
3580:tree with bright yellow fruit that has dry flesh
3055:creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, the
2901:a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo
1001:Proto-Philippine diphthongs by Llamzon (1975)
383:Proto-Philippine consonants by Llamzon (1975)
6330:
5153:
3965:
3781:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3887:
3748:
3746:
3744:
1481:
1384:
997:
333:
6337:
6323:
5160:
5146:
3972:
3958:
3796:
3787:
3730:
3728:
3690:
3668:
1485:Proto-Philippine diphthongs by Paz (1981)
1030:Proto-Philippine consonants by Paz (1981)
259:Philippine languages § Classification
2579:a small tree with leaves used as medicine
3979:
3741:
2973:a vine with gourd or cucumber-like fruit
955:*ə often merged with other vowels (e.g.
3831:
3802:
3725:
3696:
14:
6925:
2517:a plant with medicinal value, probably
1386:Proto-Philippine vowels by Paz (1981)
1021:
217:language is a reconstructed ancestral
6318:
5141:
3953:
3752:
3598:wild palm tree with fruit similar to
3337:plant with leaves used as a vegetable
2992:a vine with red flower clusters, the
835:), whereas *R shifted to *r (e.g. in
3837:
29:
3872:
2022:Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
24:
5128:? indicates classification dispute
3907:
3881:
2202:a bird and its call, probably the
67:for transliterated languages, and
47:of its non-English content, using
25:
6949:
3934:
3930:, Language and Linguistics, 2011.
252:
3631:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language
186:Proto-Greater Central Philippine
34:
2027:
991:), and in southern dialects of
959:in Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray;
3866:
3139:kind of edible squash or gourd
2261:
83:multilingual support templates
13:
1:
3681:"Proto-Philippine Phonology."
3661:
855:PPh vowels by Llamzon (1975)
225:, a proposed subgroup of the
6938:Languages of the Philippines
5169:Languages of the Philippines
3687:, volume 9, 1975. pp. 29-42.
3651:Philippine Negrito languages
2498:a plant in the banana family
1488:
1458:
1440:
1414:
328:
7:
3941:Philippine etyma file cards
3626:Proto-Austronesian language
3619:
2541:Melanolepis multiglandulosa
320:
160:Lower-order reconstructions
10:
6954:
5380:Southern Catanduanes Bikol
2880:a tree and its fruit, the
1508:
256:
6889:
6868:
6852:
6836:
6820:
6792:
6754:
6738:
6707:
6681:
6665:
6639:
6614:
6588:
6522:
6501:
6445:
6424:
6363:
6356:
6286:
6270:
6178:
6156:
6113:
6065:
6012:
5909:
5891:
5873:
5845:
5782:
5694:
5656:
5583:
5535:
5496:
5393:
5325:
5287:
5274:
5196:
5175:
5118:
5105:
5080:
5057:
5050:
5017:
4989:
4938:
4885:
4867:
4858:
4805:
4781:
4772:
4734:
4711:
4689:
4661:
4623:
4545:
4487:
4459:
4438:
4393:
4350:
4196:
4148:
4139:
4128:
4071:
4052:
4043:
4015:
3987:
3641:Proto-Polynesian language
1923:
1788:
1484:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1415:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1060:
1041:
1036:
1000:
413:
394:
389:
243:linguistic reconstruction
159:
134:
124:
114:
109:
2919:a tree with edible fruit
2181:kind of water bird, the
334:Llamzon's reconstruction
2924:Diplodiscus paniculatus
150:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
6278:Filipino Sign Language
5613:Casiguran Dumagat Agta
3873:Paz, Consuelo (1981).
3656:Austronesian languages
3636:Proto-Oceanic language
2756:Lagerstroemia speciosa
2210:Orthotomus atrogularis
227:Austronesian languages
115:Reconstruction of
3317:Philippine cedar tree
3094:kind of aromatic herb
307:Macro Meso-Philippine
257:Further information:
6287:Historical languages
5418:Central Cagayan Agta
5275:Indigenous languages
4940:Southern Cordilleran
3981:Philippine languages
3679:Llamzon, Teodoro A.
3646:Philippine languages
2906:Ganophyllum falcatum
2811:Planchonella obovata
2466:Sesbania grandiflora
2243:large marine mollusk
2189:Anhinga melanogaster
2106:Kyphosus cinerascens
1760:adhesive/(to) stick
279:area), and northern
231:Sama–Bajaw languages
223:Philippine languages
193:Proto-South Mindanao
172:Proto-Northern Luzon
119:Philippine languages
45:specify the language
43:This article should
6179:Immigrant languages
6158:Zamboanga Peninsula
4887:Central Cordilleran
4489:Gorontalo–Mongondow
3805:Oceanic Linguistics
3755:Oceanic Linguistics
3699:Oceanic Linguistics
3488:Philippine mahogany
3407:Colocasia esculenta
3348:Talinum triangulare
3342:Talinum paniculatum
3144:Lagenaria leucantha
3057:beach morning glory
2994:Chinese honeysuckle
2584:Citrus aurantifolia
2430:Impatiens balsamina
1387:
1031:
1022:Paz' reconstruction
951:Proto-Philippine's
856:
384:
289:Gorontalo languages
179:Proto-Central Luzon
5198:Regional languages
5176:Official languages
4141:Central Philippine
3926:2021-06-07 at the
3919:Liao, Hsiu-chuan.
3606:Heterospathe elata
3567:Artocarpus camansi
3545:Artocarpus camansi
3523:Caesalpinia sappan
3386:Morinda citrifolia
3202:Diospyros discolor
3157:kind of tall grass
3063:Ipomoea pes-caprae
2960:Caesalpinia bonduc
2942:Macaranga tanarius
2734:Ganua obovatifolia
2621:Acalypha amentacea
2328:a leguminous shrub
2307:a fruit tree, the
1385:
1029:
854:
382:
377:Proto-Austronesian
247:comparative method
144:Proto-Austronesian
6920:
6919:
6635:
6634:
6350:world's languages
6312:
6311:
6174:
6173:
6014:Northern Mindanao
5944:Calamian Tagbanwa
5385:Southern Sorsogon
5365:Northern Sorsogon
5135:
5134:
5101:
5100:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4726:Calamian Tagbanwa
4707:
4706:
4455:
4454:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4322:Southern Sorsogon
4297:Northern Sorsogon
4256:
4249:
4124:
4123:
3989:Batanic (Bashiic)
3913:Paz, Consuelo J.
3615:
3614:
3560:seeded breadfruit
3538:seeded breadfruit
3243:Phaseolus lunatus
3099:Pogostemon cablin
3013:an edible plant,
3000:Quisqualis indica
2867:Shorea polysperma
2288:a flowering plant
2280:Proto-Philippine
2257:
2256:
2046:Proto-Philippine
2018:
2017:
1506:
1505:
1477:
1476:
1380:
1379:
1019:
1018:
949:
948:
847:) or *y (e.g. in
816:
815:
211:
210:
105:
104:
85:may also be used.
16:(Redirected from
6945:
6810:Standard Chinese
6361:
6360:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6316:
6315:
6294:Proto-Philippine
6057:Western Bukidnon
5949:Central Tagbanwa
5360:Mount Iriga Agta
5355:Mount Iraya Agta
5285:
5284:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5139:
5138:
5111:Proto-Philippine
5055:
5054:
4991:Northern Mindoro
4865:
4864:
4860:Meso-Cordilleran
4779:
4778:
4663:Southern Mindoro
4643:Central Tagbanwa
4633:Aborlan Tagbanwa
4615:Western Bukidnon
4425:
4418:
4410:
4252:
4245:
4178:Mount Iriga Agta
4173:Mount Iraya Agta
4146:
4145:
4137:
4136:
4050:
4049:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3811:(1/2): 457–509.
3800:
3794:
3793:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3750:
3739:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3705:(1/2): 457–509.
3694:
3688:
3677:
3473:Moringa oleifera
3451:Ricinus communis
3429:Agathis celebica
3362:silk cotton tree
3162:Themeda gigantea
3021:Ipomoea aquatica
2774:Mallotus lackeyi
2268:
2267:
2248:Turbo marmoratus
2098:a sea fish, the
2034:
2033:
1986:
1954:
1931:
1905:
1854:
1822:
1796:
1767:
1735:
1696:
1661:
1626:
1591:
1559:
1524:Proto-Philippine
1521:
1520:
1482:
1471:
1453:
1437:
1432:
1425:
1388:
1370:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1307:
1281:
1266:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1146:
1128:
1118:
1032:
1028:
998:
966:
962:
958:
943:
922:
903:
891:
857:
853:
804:
792:
780:
759:
711:
688:
666:
637:
610:
598:
588:
578:
568:
558:
548:
538:
528:
507:
489:
479:
385:
381:
300:and of northern
293:Tomini languages
215:Proto-Philippine
195:
188:
181:
174:
152:
110:Proto-Philippine
107:
106:
100:
97:
91:
76:
70:
66:
60:
56:
50:
38:
37:
30:
21:
18:Proto-Philippine
6953:
6952:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6933:Proto-languages
6923:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6885:
6864:
6848:
6832:
6816:
6788:
6750:
6734:
6703:
6677:
6661:
6631:
6610:
6584:
6518:
6497:
6441:
6420:
6352:
6343:
6313:
6308:
6282:
6266:
6170:
6152:
6115:Western Visayas
6109:
6080:Cotabato Manobo
6061:
6008:
5905:
5887:
5869:
5847:Eastern Visayas
5841:
5778:
5690:
5658:Central Visayas
5652:
5579:
5531:
5492:
5473:Nagtipunan Agta
5428:Dupaningan Agta
5389:
5375:Rinconada Bikol
5321:
5302:Pangutaran Sama
5276:
5270:
5192:
5171:
5166:
5136:
5131:
5114:
5097:
5076:
5046:
5013:
4977:
4934:
4881:
4854:
4801:
4768:
4730:
4703:
4699:Western Subanon
4685:
4657:
4619:
4570:Cotabato Manobo
4541:
4483:
4451:
4434:
4389:
4346:
4192:
4131:
4130:Greater Central
4120:
4067:
4039:
4011:
3983:
3978:
3937:
3928:Wayback Machine
3910:
3908:Further reading
3905:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3882:
3871:
3867:
3836:
3832:
3817:10.2307/3622751
3801:
3797:
3786:
3782:
3767:10.2307/3623084
3751:
3742:
3733:
3726:
3711:10.2307/3622751
3695:
3691:
3678:
3669:
3664:
3622:
3368:Ceiba pentandra
2888:Syzygium cumini
2536:a shrub or tree
2394:Melastomataceae
2333:Leucaena glauca
2315:Citrus decumana
2277:Scientific name
2264:
2183:Oriental darter
2043:Scientific name
2030:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1860:
1722:
1511:
1024:
985:Rinconada Bikol
843:), *g (e.g. in
839:), *l (e.g. in
752:
336:
331:
323:
261:
255:
199:Proto-Minahasan
191:
184:
177:
170:
155:
148:
139:
137:
101:
95:
92:
86:
74:
68:
64:
62:transliteration
58:
54:
48:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6951:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6893:
6891:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6883:
6878:
6872:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6856:
6854:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6840:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6742:
6740:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6711:
6709:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6669:
6667:
6666:Other European
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6618:
6616:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6526:
6524:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6365:
6358:
6354:
6353:
6342:
6341:
6334:
6327:
6319:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6274:
6272:
6271:Sign languages
6268:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6252:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6193:
6188:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6119:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6071:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5915:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5897:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5879:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5788:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5700:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5662:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5648:Umiray Dumaget
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5589:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5527:Umiray Dumaget
5524:
5519:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5423:Dinapigue Agta
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5395:Cagayan Valley
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5340:Inagta Partido
5337:
5331:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5291:
5282:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5202:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5165:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5142:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5124:extinct status
5119:
5116:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5072:Umiray Dumaget
5069:
5064:
5058:
5052:
5051:Other branches
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5023:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4807:Cagayan Valley
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4776:
4774:Northern Luzon
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4440:
4439:(unclassified)
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4356:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4250:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4143:
4134:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3936:
3935:External links
3933:
3932:
3931:
3917:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3880:
3865:
3852:10.2307/411084
3846:(4): 611–626.
3830:
3795:
3780:
3740:
3724:
3689:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3585:Lucuma nervosa
3581:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3298:
3297:native spinach
3295:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3279:
3277:mountain apple
3274:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3184:Citrus hystrix
3180:
3179:tree, possibly
3173:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3121:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3077:
3076:hairy eggplant
3074:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2029:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1883:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1040:
1035:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
947:
946:
944:
934:
932:
926:
925:
923:
913:
911:
905:
904:
894:
892:
882:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
814:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
795:
793:
783:
781:
771:
769:
763:
762:
760:
750:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
725:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
702:
700:
698:
696:
690:
689:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
657:
655:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
612:
611:
601:
599:
589:
579:
569:
559:
549:
539:
529:
519:
513:
512:
510:
508:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
480:
470:
468:
462:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
393:
388:
335:
332:
330:
327:
322:
319:
254:
253:Classification
251:
219:proto-language
209:
208:
207:
206:
204:Proto-Sangiric
201:
196:
189:
182:
175:
168:
161:
157:
156:
154:
153:
142:
140:
135:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
103:
102:
81:. Knowledge's
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6950:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6888:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6835:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6791:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:Austroasiatic
6737:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6706:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6521:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6500:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6463:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6423:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6357:Indo-European
6355:
6351:
6347:
6340:
6335:
6333:
6328:
6326:
6321:
6320:
6317:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6269:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6011:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5875:Ilocos Region
5872:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5643:Southern Alta
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5633:Northern Alta
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5585:Central Luzon
5582:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5522:Southern Alta
5520:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5506:Inagta Alabat
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5273:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5158:
5156:
5151:
5149:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5112:
5108:
5106:Reconstructed
5104:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Inagta Alabat
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:Manide–Alabat
5079:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4877:Southern Alta
4875:
4873:
4872:Northern Alta
4870:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4255:
4254:Old Cebuano †
4251:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Central Bikol
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4127:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4045:Central Luzon
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3946:
3945:R. David Zorc
3942:
3939:
3938:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3869:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3791:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3761:(2): 73–129.
3760:
3756:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3349:
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3343:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3263:Musa textilis
3260:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3175:kind of wild
3174:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3081:Solanum ferox
3078:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:swamp cabbage
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2964:
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2939:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2926:
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2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2897:
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2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2765:
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2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2554:a shrub, the
2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:Musa textilis
2500:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:Lunasia amara
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2147:Chanos chanos
2144:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1728:woman/female
1727:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:Visayan group
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1464:
1463:
1446:
1445:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
999:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
954:
945:
941:
935:
933:
931:
928:
927:
924:
920:
914:
912:
910:
907:
906:
901:
895:
893:
889:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
831:
827:
824:
819:
812:
810:
808:
806:
802:
796:
794:
790:
784:
782:
778:
772:
770:
768:
765:
764:
761:
757:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
709:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
692:
691:
686:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
664:
658:
656:
654:
652:
649:
648:
645:
643:
641:
639:
635:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
614:
613:
608:
602:
600:
596:
590:
586:
580:
576:
570:
566:
560:
556:
550:
546:
540:
536:
530:
526:
520:
518:
515:
514:
511:
509:
505:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
487:
481:
477:
471:
469:
467:
464:
463:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
430:
429:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
397:
392:
387:
386:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
326:
318:
316:
312:
308:
303:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
260:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
205:
202:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
167:
166:Proto-Batanic
164:
163:
162:
158:
151:
147:
146:
145:
141:
136:Reconstructed
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
108:
99:
89:
84:
80:
73:
63:
53:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
6793:Sino–Tibetan
6755:Austronesian
6589:Indo-Iranian
6293:
6067:Soccsksargen
5893:Metro Manila
5784:Davao Region
5478:Paranan Agta
5370:Pandan Bikol
5327:Bicol Region
5122:† indicates
5110:
4820:Cagayan Agta
4791:Dicamay Agta
4183:Pandan Bikol
3893:. Retrieved
3883:
3874:
3868:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3789:
3783:
3758:
3754:
3735:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3684:
3604:
3583:
3565:
3543:
3521:
3498:
3492:
3471:
3449:
3427:
3405:
3384:
3366:
3346:
3340:
3321:
3300:
3281:
3261:
3241:
3220:
3200:
3182:
3160:
3142:
3123:
3097:
3079:
3061:
3039:
3019:
2998:
2976:
2958:
2940:
2922:
2904:
2886:
2865:
2846:
2827:
2809:
2790:
2772:
2754:
2732:
2713:
2694:
2675:
2656:
2637:
2619:
2600:
2582:
2560:
2556:Jew's mallow
2539:
2520:
2501:
2482:
2464:
2446:
2428:
2409:
2387:
2368:
2349:
2331:
2313:
2291:
2246:
2230:Birgus latro
2228:
2224:coconut crab
2208:
2187:
2165:
2145:
2124:
2104:
2084:Rastrelliger
2082:
2060:
2028:Animal names
2021:
2019:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1945:
1934:
1915:
1910:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1825:
1813:
1808:
1799:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1543:Maguindanaon
1516:glottal stop
1512:
1478:
1460:
1442:
1416:
1381:
1025:
950:
832:
825:
820:
817:
359:(Central?),
337:
324:
262:
214:
212:
96:October 2021
93:
79:ISO 639 code
75:}}
69:{{
65:}}
59:{{
55:}}
49:{{
44:
6907:Interlingue
6902:Interlingua
6890:constructed
6805:Gan Chinese
6682:Afroasiatic
6304:Old Cebuano
6299:Old Tagalog
5994:Romblomanon
5623:Kasiguranin
5518:(Remontado)
5516:Hatang Kayi
5335:Albay Bikol
5246:Maguindanao
5236:Kapampangan
4653:Taawʼt Bato
4474:Maguindanao
4412:Old Tagalog
4401:Kasiguranin
4317:Romblomanon
4168:Isarog Agta
4158:Albay Bikol
4063:Kapampangan
4059:(Remontado)
4057:Hatang Kayi
3466:horseradish
3444:castor bean
3257:Manila hemp
3167:*taŋ(e)laj
3104:*kab(e)liŋ
3035:beautyberry
2893:*luŋ(e)búy
2702:*lab(e)nuR
2597:a tall tree
2565:spp., fam.
2490:*sili-sili
2435:*kamantigi
2338:*ipil ipil
2274:Common name
2262:Plant names
2204:tailor bird
2161:parrot fish
2126:Stolephorus
2062:Leiognathus
2040:Common name
1538:Kapampangan
1325:Approximant
981:Maguindanao
963:in Ibanag,
849:Kapampangan
767:Approximant
129:Philippines
6927:Categories
6746:Vietnamese
6596:Hindustani
6564:in Ukraine
6550:Macedonian
6530:Belarusian
6514:Lithuanian
6483:Portuguese
6238:Indonesian
6047:Matigsalug
5696:Cordillera
5666:Bantayanon
5628:Mariveleño
5575:Surigaonon
5550:Ata Manobo
5498:Calabarzon
5289:Bangsamoro
5256:Pangasinan
5221:Hiligaynon
4973:Pangasinan
4764:Tontemboan
4595:Matigsalug
4560:Ata Manobo
4420:Batangueño
4332:Surigaonon
4267:Hiligaynon
4216:Bantayanon
4132:Philippine
4111:Mariveleño
3790:Typescript
3662:References
3572:*kamansiq
3478:*maruŋgay
3381:small tree
3329:*kalantas
3302:Amaranthus
3216:lesser yam
3041:Callicarpa
2984:*kabatíti
2739:Sapotaceae
2453:*paqit-an
2411:Glochidion
2100:rudderfish
2054:fish sp.,
1979:(to) swim
1847:(to) kiss
841:Pangasinan
349:Hiligaynon
339:languages—
315:Sama-Bajau
6897:Esperanto
6853:Iroquoian
6779:Sundanese
6720:Malayalam
6708:Dravidian
6657:Hungarian
6580:Ukrainian
6540:Bulgarian
6401:Norwegian
6396:Icelandic
6371:Afrikaans
6346:Histories
6243:Malaysian
6138:Caluyanon
5969:Kagayanen
5919:Agutaynen
5832:Sarangani
5827:Sangirese
5764:Kankanaey
5754:Kalanguya
5686:Porohanon
5676:Karolanos
5458:Kalanguya
5350:Masbateño
5216:Chavacano
4963:Kalanguya
4925:Kankanaey
4754:Tonsawang
4736:Minahasan
4721:Agutaynen
4625:Palawanic
4605:Sarangani
4585:Kagayanen
4532:Ponosakan
4527:Mongondow
4517:Kaidipang
4512:Gorontalo
4394:Tagalogic
4360:Davawenyo
4307:Porohanon
4292:Masbateño
4282:Karolanos
4231:Caluyanon
4188:Rinconada
4101:Mag-antsi
3600:areca nut
3550:*kamansi
3528:*sibukaw
3353:*talínum
3308:*kulitis
3248:*patániq
3237:lima bean
3222:Dioscorea
3207:*kamaguŋ
3189:*kabuRaw
3149:*tabayaR
3131:*kanúmay
3125:Diospyros
3118:persimmon
3005:*taluluŋ
2882:Java plum
2872:*taŋíliq
2816:*banisah
2792:Myristica
2677:Erythrina
2658:Diospyros
2645:*kanadem
2639:Diospyros
2571:*salúyut
2567:Malvaceae
2562:Corchorus
2528:*qalibun
2509:*qaRutay
2471:*katúday
2132:*bulínaw
2090:*tuliŋan
2056:slipmouth
1251:Fricative
1099:Unvoiced
1093:Unvoiced
1081:Unvoiced
1075:Unvoiced
1052:Retroflex
973:Kinaray-a
651:Fricative
616:Affricate
460:Unvoiced
457:Unvoiced
451:Unvoiced
439:Unvoiced
433:Unvoiced
405:Retroflex
373:Kankanaey
329:Phonology
285:Indonesia
239:Indonesia
138:ancestors
6860:Cherokee
6837:Koreanic
6828:Japanese
6767:Filipino
6647:Estonian
6622:Albanian
6488:Romanian
6468:Galician
6364:Germanic
6223:Japanese
6206:Mandarin
6143:Capiznon
6027:Higaonon
5999:Tadyawan
5989:Ratagnon
5984:Palawano
5911:Mimaropa
5865:Kabalian
5837:Tagabawa
5797:Davaoeño
5709:Balangao
5560:Higaonon
5555:Butuanon
5413:Bugkalot
5183:Filipino
5019:Sangiric
5009:Tadyawan
4948:Bugkalot
4895:Balangao
4713:Kalamian
4648:Palawano
4610:Tagabawa
4575:Higaonon
4497:Bintauna
4427:Filipino
4352:Mansakan
4312:Ratagnon
4272:Kabalian
4247:Boholano
4236:Capiznon
4226:Butuanon
4106:Mag-indi
4073:Sambalic
3924:Archived
3840:Language
3685:Archipel
3620:See also
3611:*sagisí
3456:*katana
3422:almasiga
3392:*apatut
3373:*buybuy
3289:*makúpa
3112:kind of
3086:*basula
3068:*balinu
3047:*anayup
3026:*taŋkuŋ
2965:*kabit₃
2947:*binuŋa
2929:*baRubu
2829:Pongamia
2761:*banabá
2683:*sabaŋ₂
2664:*talaŋ₁
2398:*tuŋaw₂
2389:Astronia
2376:*abilus
2370:Acalypha
2299:*santán
2215:*tiwtiw
2194:*kasíli
2173:*mulmúl
2141:milkfish
2078:mackerel
2076:kind of
2068:*sapsáp
1886:pangalan
1858:pangalan
1047:Alveolar
989:Palawano
694:Flap/Tap
400:Alveolar
321:Features
311:Sangiric
291:and the
281:Sulawesi
277:Sulu Sea
275:and the
273:Mindanao
269:Malaysia
235:Sulawesi
6881:Turkish
6821:Japonic
6800:Chinese
6784:Cebuano
6762:Tagalog
6715:Kannada
6694:Aramaic
6652:Finnish
6606:Persian
6575:Slovene
6560:Russian
6535:Bosnian
6509:Latvian
6493:Spanish
6473:Italian
6453:Catalan
6416:Yiddish
6411:Swedish
6386:English
6348:of the
6255:Spanish
6201:Hokkien
6196:Chinese
6166:Subanen
6123:Aklanon
6105:Tiruray
6085:Ilianen
6052:Subanen
6042:Kamigin
6032:Ilianen
6004:Tawbuid
5959:Hanunoo
5954:Cuyonon
5924:Alangan
5901:Taglish
5883:Bolinao
5855:Abaknon
5817:Mansaka
5812:Mandaya
5802:Kalagan
5769:Malaweg
5759:Kalinga
5719:Ga'dang
5681:Magahat
5671:Eskayan
5608:Botolan
5593:Abellen
5570:Mamanwa
5483:Paranan
5468:Malaweg
5448:Itbayat
5433:Gaddang
5261:Tagalog
5251:Maranao
5241:Karay-a
5231:Ilocano
5211:Cebuano
5188:English
5032:Ratahan
4999:Alangan
4920:Kalinga
4830:Gaddang
4825:Gaʼdang
4797:Ilocano
4749:Tondano
4744:Tombulu
4691:Subanen
4681:Tawbuid
4676:Hanunoo
4590:Kamigin
4580:Ilianen
4565:Binukid
4502:Bolango
4479:Maranao
4406:Tagalog
4385:Mansaka
4380:Mandaya
4375:Mamanwa
4365:Kalagan
4287:Magahat
4277:Karay-a
4262:Cuyonon
4241:Cebuano
4206:Aklanon
4198:Bisayan
4096:Botolan
4091:Bolinao
4081:Abellen
4035:Teduray
3997:Itbayat
3825:3622751
3775:3623084
3719:3622751
3590:*tisaq
3506:*yakál
3323:Cedrela
3283:Eugenia
3268:*abaká
3228:*tugíq
2937:a tree;
2911:*gúguq
2854:*taŋa₄
2835:*bani₂
2798:*lagu₂
2779:*lamay
2743:*piaŋa
2721:*tebéR
2626:*beRus
2608:*kúpaŋ
2589:*dayap
2484:Solanum
2479:a plant
2461:a plant
2443:a plant
2425:a plant
2406:a plant
2384:a plant
2365:a plant
2357:*silaR
2351:Corypha
2320:*suháq
2253:*RaRaŋ
2235:*tatus
2152:*baŋús
2120:anchovy
2111:*hilek
1533:Ilokano
1528:Tagalog
1509:Lexicon
1400:Central
1391:Height
1096:Voiced
1090:Voiced
1087:Voiced
1084:Voiced
1078:Voiced
1067:Glottal
1057:Palatal
993:Ilokano
977:Maranao
969:Gaddang
868:Central
845:Tagalog
837:Ilokano
830:Tagalog
823:Ilocano
454:Voiced
448:Voiced
445:Voiced
442:Voiced
436:Voiced
425:Glottal
410:Palatal
361:Ilokano
345:Cebuano
341:Tagalog
309:" and "
302:Sarawak
245:by the
221:of the
88:See why
6869:Turkic
6844:Korean
6730:Telugu
6699:Hebrew
6689:Arabic
6673:Basque
6640:Uralic
6601:Nepali
6570:Slovak
6555:Polish
6523:Slavic
6502:Baltic
6462:Quebec
6458:French
6446:Italic
6425:Celtic
6391:German
6376:Danish
6260:status
6250:Sindhi
6228:Korean
6218:German
6213:French
6191:Basque
6186:Arabic
6090:Iranun
6037:Iranun
5974:Molbog
5860:Baybay
5774:Tuwali
5739:Itawis
5729:Ifugao
5724:Ibaloi
5714:Bontoc
5638:Sambal
5598:Ambala
5565:Kamayo
5545:Agusan
5537:Caraga
5511:Manide
5453:Ivatan
5443:Itawis
5438:Isinai
5345:Manide
5312:Tausug
5297:Iranun
5279:region
5226:Ibanag
5093:Manide
5042:Talaud
5037:Sangir
5027:Bantik
4953:Ibaloi
4930:Tuwali
4910:Isinai
4905:Ifugao
4900:Bontoc
4845:Itawis
4835:Ibanag
4759:Tonsea
4555:Agusan
4547:Manobo
4537:Suwawa
4469:Iranun
4370:Kamayo
4337:Tausug
4221:Baybay
4116:Sambal
4086:Ambala
4002:Ivatan
3895:May 1,
3860:411084
3858:
3823:
3773:
3717:
3516:sappan
3494:Shorea
3434:*gala
3412:*gabi
2955:a vine
2862:a tree
2848:Prunus
2843:a tree
2824:a tree
2806:a tree
2787:a tree
2769:a tree
2751:a tree
2729:a tree
2710:a tree
2691:a tree
2672:a tree
2653:a tree
2634:a tree
2616:a tree
2602:Parkia
2546:*álem
2522:Blumea
2417:*anam
2392:spp.,
2346:a palm
2309:pomelo
2167:Scarus
2014:human
1975:langóy
1970:langúy
1963:langóy
1958:langóy
1953:*laŋúy
1930:*túbiR
1924:water
1904:*danúm
1894:ngaran
1890:ngalan
1881:ngalan
1872:ngalan
1862:ngalan
1853:*ŋájan
1821:*hajək
1795:*duRúq
1789:blood
1766:*dáRaq
1744:dekket
1734:*dəkət
1720:babayi
1660:*baqRu
1625:*bábuy
1619:house
1590:*baláy
1552:Gloss
1410:Stress
1043:Dental
1038:Labial
420:Uvular
396:Dental
391:Labial
371:, and
369:Ifugao
365:Ibanag
265:Borneo
125:Region
6876:Azeri
6774:Malay
6725:Tamil
6627:Greek
6615:other
6545:Czech
6478:Latin
6437:Welsh
6432:Irish
6406:Scots
6381:Dutch
6233:Malay
6148:Sulod
6100:Tboli
6075:Blaan
6022:Bukid
5979:Onhan
5964:Iraya
5939:Buhid
5934:Batak
5807:Klata
5792:Blaan
5749:Iwaak
5744:Itneg
5734:Isnag
5603:Antsi
5488:Yogad
5463:Karao
5317:Yakan
5266:Waray
5206:Bikol
5067:Klata
5004:Iraya
4968:Karao
4958:Iwaak
4915:Itneg
4850:Yogad
4840:Isnag
4671:Buhid
4638:Batak
4522:Lolak
4461:Danao
4342:Waray
4327:Sulod
4302:Onhan
4150:Bikol
4030:Tboli
4025:Blaan
4017:Bilic
3856:JSTOR
3821:JSTOR
3771:JSTOR
3715:JSTOR
3577:10762
3555:12253
3533:12361
3500:Hopea
3483:12753
3461:10163
3446:plant
3439:11073
3417:10978
3397:12468
3378:11145
3334:10749
3313:11653
3294:12657
3273:11872
3233:10885
3212:10412
3177:lemon
3154:11075
3136:10312
3114:ebony
3091:10234
3073:11148
3052:11088
3031:11071
3010:12477
2989:11595
2978:Luffa
2970:10233
2952:12434
2916:12228
2898:12198
2877:11555
2859:12392
2840:10722
2784:12325
2766:11756
2726:11024
2715:Ficus
2707:10563
2696:Ficus
2688:10966
2631:12362
2594:10265
2576:12668
2533:11080
2514:12593
2495:10064
2458:10007
2403:11068
2381:10807
2362:12394
2293:Ixora
2240:12348
2220:11077
2199:10671
2157:11877
2137:12682
2095:10964
2073:10806
1946:tubig
1935:tubig
1916:danum
1911:danum
1898:name
1877:ngala
1867:nagan
1843:halók
1826:halík
1756:dukót
1751:deket
1739:dikít
1715:babay
1710:babai
1705:babai
1700:babae
1695:*báqi
1685:bag-o
1650:baboy
1645:babuy
1635:baboy
1630:baboy
1615:baláy
1610:waláy
1600:balay
1595:bahay
1418:Close
1395:Front
1292:Trill
1105:Nasal
1062:Velar
953:schwa
880:Close
863:Front
833:púsod
826:púsəg
729:Trill
466:Nasal
415:Velar
357:Bikol
353:Waray
298:Sabah
5704:Atta
5618:Indi
5408:Atta
5403:Arta
5307:Sama
5277:(by
4815:Atta
4786:Arta
4507:Buol
4007:Yami
3897:2020
3683:In:
3595:8970
3562:tree
3558:the
3540:tree
3536:the
3518:tree
3514:the
3511:9615
3486:the
3468:tree
3464:the
3442:the
3424:tree
3420:the
3401:taro
3358:1854
3305:spp.
3286:spp.
3194:9806
3172:9750
3128:spp.
3109:9922
3044:spp.
2981:sp.?
2934:1208
2832:spp.
2821:9092
2803:9093
2795:spp.
2680:spp.
2669:9647
2661:spp.
2613:7998
2605:spp.
2551:9651
2525:spp.
2487:spp.
2476:9565
2440:6876
2422:9810
2414:spp.
2373:spp.
2354:spp.
2343:8957
2325:2940
2304:9568
2296:spp.
2285:9369
2178:9819
2170:spp.
2129:spp.
2116:1631
2087:spp.
2051:9207
2010:tawo
1985:*táu
1838:alek
1831:agek
1814:dugô
1809:lugu
1800:dugô
1783:dara
1778:daya
1773:dara
1724:bayi
1689:new
1680:bagu
1675:bayu
1670:baro
1665:bago
1654:pig
1640:babi
1605:bale
1584:dog
1558:*ásu
1462:Open
1405:Back
1154:Stop
1015:*iw
1012:*aw
1009:*uy
1006:*ay
930:Open
873:Back
517:Stop
500:*ng
213:The
52:lang
6912:Ido
6133:Ati
6128:Ata
6095:Obo
5929:Asi
5822:Obo
5062:Ati
4600:Obo
4446:Ata
4211:Asi
3943:by
3848:doi
3813:doi
3763:doi
3707:doi
3503:sp.
3497:or
3345:or
3326:sp.
3225:sp.
3116:or
2851:sp.
2748:608
2718:sp.
2699:sp.
2650:947
2642:sp.
2271:No.
2065:sp.
2037:No.
2005:taw
2000:tau
1995:tao
1990:tao
1578:asu
1573:asu
1568:aso
1563:aso
1502:iw
1499:aw
1496:əy
1493:uy
1490:ay
1444:Mid
1351:*l
1341:l̩
1300:*r
1208:g̯
965:/i/
961:/a/
957:/u/
936:*a
915:*ə
909:Mid
896:*u
884:*i
851:).
797:*y
785:*l
773:*w
751:134
704:*r
681:*h
659:*s
630:*Z
603:*q
591:*g
581:*k
571:*j
561:*D
551:*d
541:*t
531:*b
521:*p
482:*n
472:*m
283:in
267:in
237:in
72:IPA
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3854:.
3844:32
3842:.
3819:.
3809:13
3807:.
3769:.
3759:30
3757:.
3743:^
3727:^
3713:.
3703:13
3701:.
3670:^
2737:,
2024:.
1518:.
1436:Vː
1363:y
1345:l̥
1331:w
1286:/
1259:s
1238:?
1228:g
1218:k
1212:ɡʲ
1198:ḍ
1188:d
1178:t
1168:b
1158:p
1139:N
1121:n
1111:m
995:.
987:,
983:,
979:,
975:,
971:,
828:,
749:*R
634:ɟʝ
367:,
363:,
355:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
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6338:e
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1125:n
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1045:/
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940:a
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902:/
900:u
898:/
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888:i
886:/
803:/
801:j
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