158:
fell outside the
Nuclear Micronesian group. However, Hughes (2020) argues instead for the classification of Nauruan as a Nuclear Micronesian language, either as a primary branch of Micronesian, a subgrouping with
78:
577:
Jackson, Frederick (1986), "On determining the external relationships of the
Micronesian languages", in Paul Geraghty; Lois Carrington; Stephen A. Wurm (eds.),
609:
The
Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of Nauruan: Towards a Definitive Classification of an Understudied Micronesian Language
392:
380:
55:
323:
666:
334:
506:
493:
487:
474:
468:
50:
400:
239:
231:
184:
345:
249:
97:
257:
148:
109:
60:
373:
288:
280:
101:
35:
298:
140:
8:
581:, Pacific Linguistics Series C, No. 94, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, pp. 201–238,
353:
314:
306:
199:
189:
579:
FOCAL II: Papers from the Fourth
International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics
204:
160:
128:
105:
592:
582:
194:
155:
144:
132:
481:
209:
136:
216:
607:
660:
272:
223:
265:
462:
450:
597:
521:
From
Jackson (1986, 205), modified to fit Bender (2003)'s orthography:
500:
455:
436:
The vowels of Proto-Micronesian, according to
Jackson and Hughes, are:
124:
587:
123:
Proto-Micronesian is the ancestor of almost all of the languages of
154:
With regards to subgrouping by
Jackson (1986), it was thought that
115:
It was first reconstructed in detail by Byron W. Bender in 2003.
171:
The consonants of Proto-Micronesian, according to
Jackson, are:
651:
630:
151:, which are only distantly related to Proto-Micronesian.
425:
are unknown, the latter only occurring in two words:
16:
658:
612:(PhD dissertation). City University of New York.
163:, or belonging within Central Micronesian.
596:
586:
576:
659:
629:
605:
546:
516:
13:
652:Micronesian Comparative Dictionary
570:
14:
678:
645:
566:'That man (is) of a reef island.'
399:
391:
379:
344:
333:
322:
305:
297:
287:
279:
271:
256:
248:
238:
230:
222:
563:man that person.GEN reef-island
623:
118:
1:
617:
560:*MĘ·aane na aramata=ni sakau.
491:
485:
472:
466:
166:
7:
72:Lower-order reconstructions
10:
683:
504:
372:
352:
313:
264:
215:
181:
71:
41:
31:
26:
21:
552:
541:
533:
525:
56:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
606:Hughes, Kevin (2020).
110:Austronesian languages
32:Reconstruction of
667:Micronesian languages
429:"outrigger boom" and
102:Micronesian languages
36:Micronesian languages
141:Polynesian languages
104:. It belongs to the
632:Oceanic Linguistics
443:
178:
441:
176:
51:Proto-Austronesian
512:
511:
433:"kind of coral".
409:
408:
90:Proto-Micronesian
87:
86:
22:Proto-Micronesian
674:
640:
639:
627:
613:
601:
600:
590:
548:
517:Example sentence
508:
495:
489:
476:
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444:
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395:
383:
348:
337:
326:
309:
301:
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226:
179:
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100:ancestor of the
92:(abbreviated as
81:
19:
18:
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681:
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588:10.15144/PL-C94
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571:Further reading
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17:
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646:External links
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509:
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413:The values of
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149:Kapingamarangi
139:, and the two
120:
117:
108:branch of the
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84:
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82:
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49:
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2:
679:
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428:
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416:
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402:
397:
394:
389:
387:
385:
382:
377:
375:
371:
368:
366:
364:
361:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
342:
339:
336:
331:
328:
325:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
303:
300:
295:
293:
290:
285:
282:
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269:
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259:
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208:
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201:
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183:
180:
174:
173:
172:
164:
162:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:, except for
126:
116:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
98:reconstructed
95:
91:
80:
79:Proto-Chuukic
76:
75:
74:
70:
62:
61:Proto-Oceanic
59:
58:
57:
54:
53:
52:
48:
43:Reconstructed
40:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
635:
631:
625:
608:
578:
565:
562:
559:
555:
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520:
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430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
412:
170:
153:
122:
114:
93:
89:
88:
598:1885/145382
556:reef-island
374:Approximant
177:Consonants
119:Descendants
618:References
542:aramata=ni
185:Labiovelar
125:Micronesia
482:Close-mid
354:Affricate
315:Fricative
167:Phonology
96:) is the
45:ancestors
661:Category
200:Alveolar
190:Bilabial
161:Kosraean
129:Chamorro
545:person.
526:*MĘ·aane
447:
442:Vowels
205:Palatal
156:Nauruan
145:Nukuoro
133:Palauan
106:Oceanic
553:sakau.
427:*kiaZo
421:, and
195:Dental
137:Yapese
463:Close
451:Front
431:*laZe
266:Nasal
210:Velar
537:that
501:Open
456:Back
217:Stop
147:and
638:(1)
593:hdl
583:doi
547:GEN
529:man
362:*T
340:*Z
329:*S
143:of
94:PMc
27:PMc
663::
636:42
634:,
591:,
534:na
423:*Z
419:*T
417:,
415:*S
273:mĘ·
224:pĘ·
135:,
131:,
112:.
602:.
595::
585::
507:a
505:*
494:o
492:*
488:e
486:*
475:u
473:*
469:i
467:*
401:j
398:*
393:l
390:*
381:w
378:*
346:x
343:*
335:s
332:*
324:f
321:*
307:Ĺ‹
304:*
299:ɲ
296:*
289:n
286:*
281:m
278:*
270:*
258:k
255:*
250:c
247:*
240:t
237:*
232:p
229:*
221:*
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.