914:
Reconstructing the actancy systems of Proto-Central
Pacific and its daughter languages: ergativity, accusativity and their diachronic development
831:
Grace, George W. (1959), "The position of the
Polynesian languages within the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) language family",
572:
539:
931:
145:
three millennia ago, separated into a dialect network, consisting of what would become a western dialect (ancestral to
511:
65:
461:
702:
695:
679:
672:
663:
656:
640:
633:
624:
617:
60:
559:
316:
305:
215:
483:
439:
158:
111:
107:
88:
35:
450:
331:
894:
472:
281:
263:
254:
241:
233:
119:
70:
548:
528:
379:
368:
268:
129:
in 1959, who also named the subgroup in 1967. It was reconstructed by C.F. Hockett in 1976.
392:
8:
880:
Oceanic
Studies: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics
498:
432:
414:
403:
200:
190:
899:
Focal II: Papers from the Fourth
International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics
220:
205:
115:
847:
The effect of heterogeneity in the lexicostatistical test list: the case of
Rotuman
195:
146:
716:
650:
210:
166:
154:
150:
126:
227:
138:
925:
419:
342:
297:
165:
converged back, eventually becoming more similar, leading to the present-day
361:
353:
177:
The phonology of Proto-Central
Pacific, according to Geraghty (1986), are:
859:
Hockett, C.F. (May 1976), "The
Reconstruction of Proto-Central Pacific",
611:
599:
689:
604:
878:
Geraghty, Paul (1996), "Some
Problems with Proto-Central Pacific",
162:
142:
45:
153:
dialects) and an eastern dialect (ancestral to eastern
16:
Reconstructed ancestor of the
Central Pacific languages
923:
774:
754:
739:
137:Proto-Central Pacific, originally spoken by
895:"The sound system of Proto-Central Pacific"
715:The orthography used is similar to that of
811:PST=1SG.GEN see=3SG PRS 1SG LOC DET house
911:
892:
877:
161:). Later, the dialects that remained in
858:
924:
844:
830:
784:
743:
808:*Na=ᵑgu tirovi=a i aku (ʔi na vale).
722:
13:
794:
735:
14:
943:
571:
558:
547:
538:
510:
482:
471:
460:
449:
438:
418:
413:
402:
391:
378:
367:
352:
341:
330:
315:
304:
280:
267:
262:
253:
240:
764:
905:
886:
871:
852:
838:
824:
132:
1:
818:
670:
654:
631:
615:
172:
7:
861:Anthropological Linguistics
814:'I saw him (in the house).'
82:Lower-order reconstructions
10:
948:
912:Kikusawa, Ritsuko (2000),
727:From Kikusawa (2000, 167)
932:Central Pacific languages
845:Grace, George W. (1967),
693:
527:
497:
431:
360:
226:
187:
125:It was first proposed by
112:Central Pacific languages
81:
51:
41:
36:Central Pacific languages
31:
26:
21:
893:Geraghty, Paul (1986),
800:
790:
780:
770:
760:
749:
731:
66:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
120:Austronesian languages
32:Reconstruction of
100:Proto-Central Pacific
22:Proto-Central Pacific
114:. It belongs to the
592:
424:⟨*gw⟩
347:⟨*kw⟩
273:⟨*dr⟩
184:
706:⟨*ā⟩
699:⟨*a⟩
683:⟨*ō⟩
676:⟨*o⟩
667:⟨*ē⟩
660:⟨*e⟩
644:⟨*ū⟩
637:⟨*u⟩
628:⟨*ī⟩
621:⟨*i⟩
590:
577:⟨*w⟩
564:⟨*y⟩
553:⟨*r⟩
544:⟨*l⟩
516:⟨*j⟩
488:⟨*x⟩
477:⟨*z⟩
466:⟨*s⟩
455:⟨*c⟩
444:⟨*v⟩
408:⟨*g⟩
397:⟨*ñ⟩
384:⟨*n⟩
373:⟨*m⟩
336:⟨*k⟩
321:⟨*t⟩
310:⟨*p⟩
286:⟨*q⟩
259:⟨*d⟩
246:⟨*b⟩
182:
61:Proto-Austronesian
711:
710:
584:
583:
300:
236:
97:
96:
939:
917:
916:
909:
903:
902:
890:
884:
883:
875:
869:
868:
856:
850:
849:
842:
836:
835:
828:
796:
786:
776:
766:
756:
745:
741:
737:
723:Example sentence
707:
704:
700:
697:
684:
681:
677:
674:
668:
665:
661:
658:
645:
642:
638:
635:
629:
626:
622:
619:
593:
589:
578:
575:
565:
562:
554:
551:
545:
542:
517:
514:
489:
486:
478:
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467:
464:
456:
453:
445:
442:
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422:
417:
409:
406:
398:
395:
385:
382:
374:
371:
356:
348:
345:
337:
334:
322:
319:
311:
308:
296:
287:
284:
274:
271:
266:
260:
257:
247:
244:
232:
185:
181:
159:Proto-Polynesian
110:ancestor of the
102:(abbreviated as
91:
89:Proto-Polynesian
19:
18:
947:
946:
942:
941:
940:
938:
937:
936:
922:
921:
920:
910:
906:
891:
887:
876:
872:
857:
853:
843:
839:
829:
825:
821:
816:
806:
798:
788:
778:
768:
758:
747:
725:
705:
698:
682:
675:
666:
659:
643:
636:
627:
620:
576:
563:
552:
543:
515:
487:
476:
465:
454:
443:
423:
407:
396:
383:
372:
346:
335:
320:
309:
285:
272:
258:
245:
175:
167:Fijian language
135:
127:George W. Grace
87:
77:
56:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
945:
935:
934:
919:
918:
904:
885:
870:
851:
837:
822:
820:
817:
799:
789:
779:
769:
759:
748:
730:
729:
724:
721:
713:
712:
709:
708:
692:
686:
685:
669:
653:
647:
646:
630:
614:
608:
607:
602:
597:
586:
585:
582:
581:
579:
568:
566:
555:
535:
533:
531:
525:
524:
522:
520:
518:
507:
505:
503:
501:
495:
494:
492:
490:
479:
468:
457:
446:
435:
429:
428:
426:
410:
399:
388:
386:
375:
364:
358:
357:
349:
338:
327:
325:
323:
312:
301:
293:
292:
290:
288:
277:
275:
250:
248:
237:
230:
224:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
174:
171:
134:
131:
118:branch of the
95:
94:
93:
92:
83:
79:
78:
76:
75:
74:
73:
59:
57:
52:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
33:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
944:
933:
930:
929:
927:
915:
908:
900:
896:
889:
881:
874:
866:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
823:
815:
812:
809:
805:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
751:
746:
733:
728:
720:
718:
691:
688:
687:
652:
649:
648:
613:
610:
609:
606:
603:
601:
598:
595:
594:
588:
587:
580:
574:
569:
567:
561:
556:
550:
541:
536:
534:
532:
530:
526:
523:
521:
519:
513:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
496:
493:
491:
485:
480:
474:
469:
463:
458:
452:
447:
441:
436:
434:
430:
427:
421:
416:
411:
405:
400:
394:
389:
387:
381:
376:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
350:
344:
339:
333:
328:
326:
324:
318:
313:
307:
302:
299:
295:
294:
291:
289:
283:
278:
276:
270:
265:
256:
251:
249:
243:
238:
235:
231:
229:
225:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
186:
180:
179:
178:
170:
168:
164:
160:
157:dialects and
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
130:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:reconstructed
105:
101:
90:
86:
85:
84:
80:
72:
71:Proto-Oceanic
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
62:
58:
53:Reconstructed
50:
47:
44:
40:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
913:
907:
898:
888:
879:
873:
867:(5): 187–235
864:
860:
854:
846:
840:
832:
826:
813:
810:
807:
803:
793:
783:
773:
763:
752:
734:
726:
714:
234:prenasalized
176:
149:and western
141:settlers in
136:
124:
103:
99:
98:
529:Approximant
183:Consonants
133:Descendants
819:References
216:Labiovelar
901:: 289–312
833:Memoir 16
651:Close-mid
499:Affricate
433:Fricative
298:voiceless
173:Phonology
106:) is the
55:ancestors
926:Category
750:tirovi=a
201:Alveolar
191:Bilabial
882:: 83–91
732:*Na=ᵑgu
596:
591:Vowels
221:Glottal
206:Palatal
147:Rotuman
116:Oceanic
801:vale).
717:Fijian
196:Dental
155:Fijian
151:Fijian
139:Lapita
42:Region
804:house
612:Close
600:Front
362:Nasal
211:Velar
753:see=
690:Open
605:Back
228:Stop
163:Fiji
143:Fiji
46:Fiji
795:DET
785:LOC
781:(ʔi
775:1SG
771:aku
765:PRS
755:3SG
744:GEN
740:1SG
736:PST
701:, *
678:, *
662:, *
639:, *
623:, *
546:, *
512:t͡ʃ
261:, *
104:PCP
27:PCP
928::
897:,
865:18
863:,
791:na
719:.
703:aː
680:oː
664:eː
641:uː
625:iː
343:kʷ
282:ᵑg
264:ⁿd
255:ⁿd
242:ᵐb
169:.
122:.
761:i
742:.
738:=
696:a
694:*
673:o
671:*
657:e
655:*
634:u
632:*
618:i
616:*
573:w
570:*
560:j
557:*
549:r
540:l
537:*
509:*
484:x
481:*
473:ɟ
470:*
462:s
459:*
451:ð
448:*
440:β
437:*
420:ʷ
415:ŋ
412:*
404:ŋ
401:*
393:ɲ
390:*
380:n
377:*
369:m
366:*
354:ʔ
351:*
340:*
332:k
329:*
317:t
314:*
306:p
303:*
279:*
269:r
252:*
239:*
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