1027:
children increasingly endure sex trafficking in small hotels, vehicles, huts, and private residences. Traffickers increasingly use websites, mobile applications, and online money transfers to facilitate commercial sex. Children continue to be subjected to sex trafficking in religious pilgrimage centers and by foreign travelers in tourist destinations. Many women and girls, predominately from Nepal and
Bangladesh, and from Central Asia, Africa, and Asia, including Rohingya and other minority populations from Burma, are subjected to sex trafficking in India. Prime destinations for both Indian and foreign female trafficking victims include Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Gujarat, Hyderabad, and along the India-Nepal border; Nepali women and girls are increasingly subjected to sex trafficking in Assam, and other cities such as Nagpur and Pune. Some corrupt law enforcement officers protect suspected traffickers and brothel owners from law enforcement efforts, take bribes from sex trafficking establishments and sexual services from victims, and tip off sex traffickers to impede rescue efforts. Some Nepali, Bangladeshi, Afghan, and Pakistani women and girls are subjected to both labor and sex trafficking in major Indian cities. Following the 2015 Nepal earthquakes, Nepali women who transit through India are increasingly subjected to trafficking in the Middle East and Africa.
927:
training. Difficulty in accessing health care is due to factors such as hospitals sending women to their husband for approval to get abortion, financial hurdles such as high fees for abortion and difficulty procuring identification documents as many sex workers live unstable lives, having trouble providing a proof of address. A Supreme Court verdict in 2021 directed that sex workers be provided Aadhar and ration without asking for proof of address, which made the situation better for sex workers. In government hospitals, sometimes it is not even doctors who do abortions for sex workers, but ward boys will do. Sex workers also lack privacy in hospitals because people think they are okay with anybody looking at their private parts. Transgender sex workers face even more discrimination than women sex workers due to doctors' lack of knowledge of transperson bodies, hospitals not having separate queues for transpeople and hospitals not assigning them doctors but rather rush them to testing centres.
478:
624:), yet in practice, these establishments are confined to specific areas within urban locales. Despite the lack of official sanction for brothels, minimal efforts are exerted to eradicate or impede its existence. The living conditions within these establishments are notably substandard, marked by dilapidated infrastructure, insufficient lighting, malodorous environments, uncleanliness, and an overall lack of sanitation. Notably, the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, is exceptionally high in these establishments and the services provided within these brothels are usually available at a notably cheap price. The environment in the brothels, particularly in the surrounding alleys, is deemed hazardous, especially during the night, with reports of various other forms of criminal activities.
826:
9129:
9090:
9141:
894:. In this system, the prostitute generally works without pay for one year or longer to repay a supposed debt to the brothel owner for food, clothes, make-up and living expenses. In India, the Government's "central sponsored scheme" provides financial or in-kind grants to released bonded labourers and their family members, the report noted, adding over 2,850,000 people have benefited to date. Almost 5,000 prosecutions have been recorded so far under the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act of 1976.
489:
664:" or being a "public nuisance" without explicitly defining what these consist of. In 1986 the old law was amended as the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act or ITPA. Attempts to amend this to criminalise clients have been opposed by the Health Ministry, and has encountered considerable opposition. In a positive development in the improvement of the lives of female sex workers in Calcutta, a state-owned insurance company has provided life insurance to 250 individuals.
7211:
7221:
9153:
9165:
466:
19:
9117:
4176:
944:, a red-light district in Kolkata. The education programme targeted about 5,000 female prostitutes. A team of two peer workers carried out outreach activities including education, condom promotion and follow-up of STI cases. When the project was launched in 1992, 27% of sex workers reported condom use. By 1995 this had risen to 82%, and in 2001 it was 86%.
159:. Tawaifs were largely a North Indian institution central to Mughal court culture from the 16th century onwards and became even more prominent with the weakening of Mughal rule in the mid-18th century. They contributed significantly to the continuation of traditional dance and music forms and then emergence of modern Indian cinema.
1022:
India is a source, destination, and transit country for women and children subjected to sex trafficking. Most of India's trafficking problem is internal, and those from the most disadvantaged social strataâeconomically, members of tribal communitiesâare most vulnerable. Thousands of unregulated work
947:
Reaching women who are working in brothels has proven to be quite difficult due to the sheltered and secluded nature of the work, where pimps, Mashis, and brothel-keepers often control access to the women and prevent their access to education, resulting in a low to modest literacy rate for many sex
804:
In 2009 the
Supreme Court ruled that prostitution should be legalised and convened a panel to consider amending the law. In 2011 the Supreme Court held that "right to live with dignity" is a Constitutional right and issued an order relating to "creating conditions conducive for sex workers to work
636:(ITSA). According to this law, prostitutes can practise their trade privately but cannot legally solicit customers in public. A BBC article, however, mentions that prostitution is illegal in India; the Indian law does not refer to the practice of selling one's own sexual service as "prostitution".
5365:
McClarty, Leigh M.; Bhattacharjee, Parinita; Blanchard, James F.; Lorway, Robert R.; Ramanaik, Satyanarayana; Mishra, Sharmistha; Isac, Shajy; Ramesh, B.M.; Washington, Reynold; Moses, Stephen; Becker, Marissa L. (2014). "Circumstances, experiences and processes surrounding women's entry into sex
951:
Not only HIV but other infection diseases have been decreased, examined data from 868 prevention projectsâserving about 500,000 female sex workersâimplemented between 1995 and 2008. The research found that reaching sex workers through prevention programs decreased HIV and syphilis infection rates
926:
when they are ill, being refused to be admitted to hospitals without HIV tests, being refused to conduct physical examination before prescribing medication. Surveys have found that sex workers prefer private health care providers over the government ones where they have some kind of sensitisation
837:
indicates that the majority of sex workers in India work as prostitutes due to lacking resources to support themselves or their children. Most do not choose this profession but out of necessity, often after the breakup of a marriage or after being disowned and thrown out of their homes by their
800:
Clauses in the ITPA relating to living off the earnings of a sex-worker are being challenged in court, together with criminalisation of brothels, prostitution around a notified public place, soliciting and the power given to a magistrate to evict sex-workers from their home and forbidding their
1026:
Experts estimate millions of women and children are victims of sex trafficking in India. Traffickers use false promises of employment or arrange sham marriages within India or Gulf states and subject women and girls to sex trafficking. In addition to traditional red light districts, women and
408:
Government organisations like MDACS (Maharashtra
District AIDS Control Society) have played a very prominent role in generating awareness on HIV/AIDS, through the assistance in providing free literature and organising street campaigns. There are several NGOs that work to prevent the spread of
413:
in the community. NACO (National AIDS Control
Organisation), a government agency leads these NGOs. The Durbar Mahila Sumanwua Committee is a sex-workers' union based in Sonagachi, Kolkata, which has 65,000 members. They advocate for labour rights for sex workers, and they also fight against
750:-keepers can be prosecuted, maintaining a brothel is illegal (from 1 to 3 years' imprisonment with fine for first offence, point 3). Detaining someone at a brothel for the purpose of sexual exploitation can lead to prosecution (imprisonment of more than 7 years, point 6). Prostitution in a
648:
is not recognised in any law in India) can use her body in exchange for material benefit. In particular, the law forbids a sex worker to carry on her profession within 200 yards of a public place. Unlike as is the case with other professions, sex workers are not protected under normal
1302:
Delhi-based woman film maker
Shohini Ghosh made a documentary film "Tales of the Night Fairies" in 2002, interviewing five sex workers who are activists of the DMSC sex-worker union in Kolkata. DMSC fights against trafficking and advocates for labour rights for sex-workers.
812:
However, in 2012 the
Central Government made a plea to the Supreme Court arguing that sex workers should not be allowed to pursue their trade under the constitutional "right to live with dignity". Government counsel contended that any such endorsement by the court would be
5446:
Javalkar, Prakash; Platt, Lucy; Prakash, Ravi; Beattie, Tara S.; Collumbien, Martine; Gafos, Mitzy; Ramanaik, Satyanarayana; Davey, Calum; Jewkes, Rachel; Watts, Charlotte; Bhattacharjee, Parinita; Thalinja, Raghavendra; Dl, Kavitha; Isac, Shajy; Heise, Lori (2019).
707:. The act, then called the All India Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act (SITA), was amended to the current law. The laws were intended as a means of limiting and eventually abolishing prostitution in India by gradually criminalising various aspects of
842:
interviewed a random sample of 160 sex workers in
Calcutta: Of those, 23 claimed that they had come of their own accord, whereas the remaining 137 women claimed to have been introduced into the sex trade by agents. The breakdown was as follows:
456:
Much new knowledge on sex work in India came from the first major survey, in April 2011. This was performed by the Centre for
Advocacy on Stigma and Marginalisation (CASAM), which is part of SANGRAM, a major NGO that deals with sex workers.
3211:
670:
Supreme Court of India; on May 19, 2022, upheld that everyone, including sex workers are guaranteed the right to dignity and life under
Article 21 of Constitution of India. Thus, sex workers can not be harassed and arrested legally.
797:. The bill proposed criminalising the clients of trafficked prostitutes. However, it stalled during the legislative process, and legislation against human trafficking was subsequently effected by amendments to the Indian Penal Code.
878:
The breakdown of the agents by sex were as follows: 76% of the agents were female and 24% were males. Over 80% of the agents bring young women into the profession were known people and not traffickers: neighbours, relatives, etc.
731:
of a public place or "notified area" (imprisonment of up to 3 months, point 7). The client may also be punished if the sex worker is below 18 years of age (from 7 to 10 years of imprisonment, no matter the age of the minor, point
723:
can not publish phone numbers to the public (imprisonment up to 6 months with fine, point 8). Sex workers are also punished for prostitution near any public place or notified area (imprisonment of up to 3 months with fine, point
118:
estimate there were 657,829 prostitutes in the country as of 2016. Other unofficial estimates have calculated India has roughly 3 million prostitutes. India is widely regarded as having one of the world's largest commercial
776:
A "public place" in context of this law includes places of public religious worship, educational institutions, hostels, hospitals etc. A "notified area" is a place which is declared to be "prostitution-free" by the
4036:
256:
for each
British regiment stationed in India. They were licensed by military officials and were allowed to consort with soldiers only. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, thousands of women and girls from
327:
Prostitution in India manifests in various forms. The most notable instances where sex workers offer their services may include situations where these services are accessible under different disguises:
5492:"Diversity among Clients of Female Sex Workers in India: Comparing Risk Profiles and Intervention Impact by Site of Solicitation. Implications for the Vulnerability of Less Visible Female Sex Workers"
2928:
817:
of ITPA, which totally bans prostitution. Opposing counsel submitted that the Act only prohibited brothel activities and punitive action against pimps. The Supreme Court agreed to examine the plea.
4118:
5449:"Effectiveness of a multilevel intervention to reduce violence and increase condom use in intimate partnerships among female sex workers: Cluster randomised controlled trial in Karnataka, India"
897:
Some women and girls are by tradition born into prostitution to support the family. The Bachara Tribe, for example, follow this tradition with eldest daughters often expected to be prostitutes.
5671:
Mahapatra, Bidhubhusan; Walia, Monika; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Battala, Madhusudana; Mukherjee, Saradiya; Patel, Prachi; Subramanium, Balakrishnan; Atmavilas, Yamini; Saggurti, Niranjan (2020).
3372:
2436:
2296:
Fischer-Tiné, Harald (2003), "'White women degrading themselves to the lowest depths': European networks of prostitution and colonial anxieties in British India and Ceylon ca. 1880-1914",
922:
Sex workers in India find it difficult to access health care and face discrimination, especially in government hospitals, based on their profession, such as being forced to take tests for
3322:
937:(Calcutta) have the country's largest brothel based sex industry, with over 100,000 sex workers in Mumbai. It is estimated that HIV among prostitutes have largely fallen, in last decade.
785:" in context of this law, is a place which has two or more sex workers (2a). Prostitution itself is not an offence under this law, but soliciting, brothels, madams and pimps are illegal.
3893:
667:
Over the years, India saw a growing mandate to legalise prostitution, to avoid exploitation of sex workers and their children by middlemen and in the wake of a growing HIV/AIDS menace.
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3134:
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2789:
743:
are guilty of a crime. Any adult male living with a prostitute is assumed to be guilty unless he can prove otherwise (imprisonment of up to 2 years with fine, point 4).
232:
across the Indian subcontinent. The prostitutes who worked in such brothels were recruited from rural Indian families and paid directly by the British authorities. The
5724:
Lazarus, Lisa; Reza-Paul, Sushena; Rahman, Syed Hafeez Ur; Ramaiah, Manjula; Venugopal, M.S.; Venukumar, K.T.; Moses, Stephen; Becker, Marissa; Lorway, Robert (2021).
3724:
2628:
1894:
Joffres, C., Mills, E., Joffres, M. et al. Sexual slavery without borders: trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation in India. Int J Equity Health 7, 22 (2008).
3275:
2959:
3185:
5279:""Whatever I Have, I Have Made by Coming into this Profession": The Intersection of Resources, Agency, and Achievements in Pathways to Sex Work in Kolkata, India"
2548:
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1620:
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3505:
5148:
Navani-Vazirani, Sonia; Solomon, Davidson; Gopalakrishnan; Heylen, Elsa; Srikrishnan, Aylur Kailasom; Vasudevan, Canjeevaram K.; Ekstrand, Maria L. (2015).
4226:
5405:"Community Collectivization and Consistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in Southern India: Evidence from Two Rounds of Behavioral Tracking Surveys"
4092:
5003:
Wright, Andrea (2018). "'The Immoral Traffic in Women': Regulating Indian Emigration to the Persian Gulf". In Ferdoush, Md Azmeary; Jones, Reece (eds.).
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1852:
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set up in the early 16th century, and this Portuguese stronghold contained a community of Portuguese slaves. During the late 16th and 17th centuries the
2601:
7176:
2521:
5903:"Consistent Condom Use by Married and Cohabiting Female Sex Workers in India: Investigating Relational Norms with Commercial Versus Intimate Partners"
5673:"Sustaining consistent condom use among female sex workers by addressing their vulnerabilities and strengthening community-led organizations in India"
3382:
1718:""After Your Honor is GoneâŠ": Exploration of Developmental Trajectories and Life Experiences of Women Working in Mumbai's Red-Light Brothel Districts"
3561:
3083:
1675:
1910:
Boruah, Jayanta and Baruah, Masia, Legal Implications of Sex Tourism (3 April 2021). Journal on Jurisprudential Studies Vol 1 Issue 3, Forthcoming,
7257:
6276:"Stimulation, Segregation and Scandal: Geographies of Prostitution Regulation in British India, between Registration (1888) and Suppression (1923)"
5074:
Sinha, Sunny; Prasad, Indulata (2021). "Examining hopes, aspirations, and future plans of women in non-brothel-based sex work in Kolkata, India".
6371:
3005:
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in India, with 35.47 percent of them entering the trade before the age of 18 years. The number of prostitutes rose by 50% between 1997 and 2004.
379:: A place of entertainment open at night usually serving food and liquor and providing music and space for dancing and often having a floor show.
3332:
2707:
7678:
5320:
Platt, Lucy; Grenfell, Pippa; Meiksin, Rebecca; Elmes, Jocelyn; Sherman, Susan G.; Sanders, Teela; Mwangi, Peninah; Crago, Anna-Louise (2018).
4285:
3890:
3866:
393:
services on online and on digital platforms: Online/phone-based sex-oriented conversations and exchanges through audio, images, video or texts.
4153:
1546:
5277:
Swendeman, Dallas; Fehrenbacher, Anne E.; Ali, Samira; George, Sheba; Mindry, Deborah; Collins, Mallory; Ghose, Toorjo; Dey, Bharati (2015).
2857:
2044:
1699:
Friedman, R.I. Indiaâs shame: Sexual slavery and political corruption are leading to an AIDS catastrophe. Trends Organ Crim 3, 60â62 (1998).
6153:
George, Annie; Vindhya, U.; Ray, Sawmya (2010). "Sex Trafficking and Sex Work: Definitions, Debates and Dynamics â A Review of Literature".
2068:
Schoffield, Katherine Butler (April 2012). "The Courtesan Tale: Female Musicians and Dancers in Mughal Historical Chronicles, c.1556â1748".
8415:
5322:"Associations between sex work laws and sex workers' health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies"
3479:
3421:
838:
families. The children of sex workers are much more likely to get involved in this kind of work as well. A survey completed in 1988 by the
127:, attracting sex tourists from wealthy countries. The sex industry in India is a multi-billion dollar one, and one of the fastest growing.
2831:"India's Supreme Court has asked the government to consider whether it might legalise prostitution if it is unable to curb it effectively"
7844:
7186:
4343:
The Castaway of Indian Society: History of Prostitution in India Since Vedic Times, Based on Sanskrit, PÄli, PrÄkrit, and Bengali Sources
5150:"Mobile phones and sex work in South India: The emerging role of mobile phones in condom use by female sex workers in two Indian states"
3929:
3589:
3445:
1296:
765:) can be prosecuted similarly (7 years' imprisonment with fine for first conviction, and up to life imprisonment thereafter, point 5B).
6322:
3748:
3357:
3295:
1449:
477:
241:
727:
Clients: A client is guilty of consorting with prostitutes and can be charged if he engages in sex acts with a sex worker within 200
2230:
Tambe, Ashwini (1 April 2005). "The Elusive Ingenue:A transnational Feminist Analysis of European Prostitution in Colonial Bombay".
9006:
7100:
5193:"Sex Trafficking and Initiation-Related Violence, Alcohol Use, and HIV Risk Among HIV-Infected Female Sex Workers in Mumbai, India"
5191:
Silverman, J. G.; Raj, A.; Cheng, D. M.; Decker, M. R.; Coleman, S.; Bridden, C.; Pardeshi, M.; Saggurti, N.; Samet, J. H. (2011).
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2160:
5768:
7125:
423:
5901:
Fehrenbacher, Anne E.; Chowdhury, Debasish; Jana, Smarajit; Ray, Protim; Dey, Bharati; Ghose, Toorjo; Swendeman, Dallas (2018).
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also testifies to the high esteem in which she was held in society. She appears through the ages in different incarnations from
7145:
5811:
Ghose, Toorjo; Swendeman, Dallas T.; George, Sheba M. (2011). "The Role of Brothels in Reducing HIV Risk in Sonagachi, India".
4009:
2881:
2574:
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632:
The law is vague on prostitution itself. The primary law dealing with the status of sex workers is the 1956 law referred to as
3969:
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4985:
4952:
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4658:
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4610:
4544:
4519:
4453:
4424:
4395:
4370:
4351:
2377:
2330:
Tambe, Ashwini (2005), "The Elusive Ingénue: A Transnational Feminist Analysis of European Prostitution in Colonial Bombay",
2168:
1831:
806:
653:, but they possess the right to rescue and rehabilitation if they desire, and they possess all the rights of other citizens.
5642:
Magar, Veronica (2012). "Rescue and Rehabilitation: A Critical Analysis of Sex Workers' Antitrafficking Response in India".
5546:"Heterosexual Anal Sex among Female Sex Workers in High HIV Prevalence States of India: Need for Comprehensive Intervention"
3731:
1038:
7875:
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7250:
6850:
4066:
5111:
Vijayakumar, Gowri; Panchanadeswaran, Subadra; Chacko, Shubha (2019). "Sex Work, Marginalization, and Activism in India".
1002:
women were arrested in India on prostitution charges for allegedly running two brothels masquerading as massage parlours.
6364:
3698:
2966:
615:: A red-light district with a significant number of sex workers infamous for illicit trafficking and forced prostitution.
3057:"Know Your City: 1045 Budhwar Peth, Margi Galli â Home to Margubai, a dreaded sex racketeer from Pune's red light area"
2446:
2419:
170:
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8991:
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6935:
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5544:
Alexander, Mallika; Mainkar, Mandar; Deshpande, Sucheta; Chidrawar, Shweta; Sane, Suvarna; Mehendale, Sanjay (2014).
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The Legalization of Prostitution: A Sociological Inquiry Into the Laws Relating to Prostitution in India and the West
3822:
3799:
2760:
2139:
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2391:
2129:
904:. In India one estimate calculated that as many as 200,000 Nepalese girls, many under the age of 14, were sold into
248:
as a matter of accepting a necessary evil. The Cantonment Acts regulated and structured prostitution in the British
7447:
7181:
5490:
Suryawanshi, Dipak; Bhatnagar, Tarun; Deshpande, Sucheta; Zhou, Weiwei; Singh, Pankaj; Collumbien, Martine (2013).
6237:
Misra, Geetanjali; Mahal, Ajay; Shah, Rima (2000). "Protecting the Rights of Sex Workers: The Indian Experience".
6074:
Levine, Philippa (1994). "Venereal Disease, Prostitution, and the Politics of Empire: The Case of British India".
3108:
9043:
7650:
7366:
7243:
7140:
7045:
6491:
778:
410:
1391:
1023:
placement agencies reportedly lure adults and children under false promises of employment into sex trafficking.
9185:
8563:
8207:
8090:
7854:
7849:
6404:
6357:
2369:
1363:
923:
633:
245:
6132:
Banerjee, Sumanta (1993). "The 'Beshya' and the 'Babu': Prostitute and Her Clientele in 19th Century Bengal".
644:, prostitution rings, pimping, etc.) is illegal. As long as it is done individually and voluntarily, a woman (
274:"From time immemorial Indian poets have sung praises of the 'public woman', the professional entertainer. The
8862:
8525:
8254:
7965:
7698:
7414:
7292:
7150:
4481:"From "Veshyas" to "Entertainment Workers": Evolving Discourses of Bodies, Rights, and Prostitution in India"
1929:"From "Veshyas" to "Entertainment Workers": Evolving Discourses of Bodies, Rights, and Prostitution in India"
5769:"Governing prostitution in colonial Delhi: From cantonment regulations to international hygiene (1864â1939)"
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7015:
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4944:
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1928:
1358:
1338:
357:: An agency where people, especially young women, may be hired to accompany someone for entertainment, etc.
825:
8372:
8070:
7784:
7688:
7549:
7351:
7282:
6985:
6980:
6875:
6527:
5597:
Joffres, Christine; Mills, Edward; Joffres, Michel; Khanna, Tinku; Walia, Harleen; Grund, Darrin (2008).
4689:
4193:
3910:
839:
809:
to carry out a survey to determine the number of sex workers in the country willing to be rehabilitated.
704:
351:: Prostitutes with whom an appointment can be made by telephone, usually to meet at the client's address.
9107:
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8359:
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7627:
7597:
7539:
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6995:
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6895:
6885:
6174:
Bandyopadhyay, Aparna (2014). "Chronicles of Love, Betrayal and Prostitution in Late Colonial Bengal".
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7191:
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7065:
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Reporting on Prostitution: The Media, Women, and Prostitution in India, Malaysia, and the Philippines
4295:
900:
Over 40% of 484 prostituted girls rescued during major raids of brothels in Mumbai in 1996 were from
769:
8676:
8671:
4897:
3161:"Nagpur Police Abruptly Shut Down City's Oldest Red Light Area, Damaging Livelihoods of Sex Workers"
9038:
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7607:
7554:
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7135:
7085:
7040:
7020:
7010:
6910:
6867:
6843:
6706:
6040:
4161:
1368:
221:
91:
6216:
Sinha, Murli M. (1999). "Sex, Structural Violence, and AIDS: Case Studies of Indian Prostitutes".
5998:(2008). "Born Unto Brothels: Toward a Legal Ethnography of Sex Work in an Indian Red-Light Area".
2854:
2494:
2054:
538:: India's third largest red-light district with home to around 5,000 sex workers and 700 brothels.
345:: Prostitutes who stand or walk in the streets, roads, highways or public spaces to get customers.
9050:
9023:
8877:
7529:
7344:
7312:
7110:
7025:
7005:
6890:
6880:
6715:
6563:
6409:
4387:
3238:
2602:"Delhi HC Directs Police Commissioner To Prevent Prostitution Under The Guise Of Massage Parlors"
1768:"Social Development of Commercial Sex Workers in India: An Essential Step in HIV/AIDS Prevention"
1353:
1328:
1198:
1090:
5726:"Beyond remedicalisation: A community-led PrEP demonstration project among sex workers in India"
2812:"Durbar Mahil Samanwaya Committee (DMSC) - The Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW)"
9133:
9094:
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8965:
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8515:
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7900:
7339:
7266:
7155:
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7055:
6990:
6970:
6960:
6920:
6905:
6900:
6807:
6799:
6419:
5044:
Global Perspectives on Prostitution and Sex Trafficking: Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Oceania
4765:. Tumkur, Karnataka, India: Ambedkar Resource Centre, Rural Education for Development Society.
4556:"Global Value Chains and Intermediaries in Multi-stakeholder Initiatives in Pakistan and India"
3848:
2183:
2103:
1343:
1144:
1126:
699:) is a 1986 amendment of legislation passed in 1956 as a result of the signing by India of the
5850:"Measuring vulnerability among female sex workers in India using a multidimensional framework"
3796:"Fair skin and young looks: Nepalese victims of human trafficking languish in Indian brothels"
3544:
1962:"Trafficking in women and children in India: nature, dimensions and strategies for prevention"
94:
are illegal. There are, however, many brothels illegally operating in Indian cities including
9033:
8606:
8591:
8573:
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8402:
8128:
8123:
7922:
7912:
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7473:
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7196:
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7075:
7050:
7030:
6965:
6930:
6915:
6743:
5848:
Mahapatra, Bidhubhusan; Bhattacharya, Ruchira; Atmavilas, Yamini; Saggurti, Niranjan (2018).
4536:
3212:"à€źà„à€°à€ : à€Šà„à€č à€”à„à€Żà€Ÿà€Șà€Ÿà€° à€à„ à€Čà€żà€ à€Źà€Šà€šà€Ÿà€ź à€à€Źà€Ÿà€Ąà€Œà„ à€Źà€Ÿà€à€Ÿà€° à€à„ à€Źà€Šà€Čà„à€à„ à€žà„à€°à€€, à€čà€Ÿà€à€à„à€°à„à€ à€šà„ à€Źà€à€Š à€à€°à€Ÿà€ à€„à„ 58 à€à„à€ à„"
660:(IPC) which predates the ITSA is often used to charge sex workers with vague crimes such as "
637:
213:
3952:
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1457:
640:
can be punished for sexual activity in proximity to a public place. Organised prostitution (
422:
There were an estimated two million female sex workers in the country in 1997. In 2007, the
9001:
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5861:
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1348:
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1156:
579:: A red-light district in the Indian capital with many brothels and over 1,000 sex workers.
399:, temple dancers devoted to the practice of spiritual dancing but are forced into sex work.
34: Prostitution (the exchange of sex for money) legal, but organized activities such as
4554:
Lund-Thomsen, Peter; Riisgaard, Lone; Singh, Sukhpal; Ghori, Shakil; Coe, Neil M. (2021).
191:
slaves to Goa. These were usually young Japanese women and girls brought or captured from
8:
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8080:
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5599:"Sexual slavery without borders: Trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation in India"
4872:
4720:
4555:
3852:
2765:
1275:
1263:
1232:
793:
In 2006 the Ministry of Women and Child Development put forward a bill aimed at reducing
761:
anybody is liable to be punished. A person who moves a person from one place to another (
376:
342:
5865:
5688:
5561:
5507:
3730:(Report). Constitution Club, New Delhi: Lawyers Collective. 1 March 2011. Archived from
1593:
360:
Private residences: The place, especially the house, in which a person lives or resides.
8926:
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217:
83:
5403:
Vejella, Shanti; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Saggurti, Niranjan; Prabhakar, Parimi (2016).
1230:
Various fictional films have featured the subject of prostitution in India, including
604:: A red-light district with hundreds of sex workers operating from around 75 brothels.
8996:
8921:
8718:
8490:
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1911:
1869:
1827:
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1787:
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1050:
1005:
In 2013 there were reports of Afghan women being trafficked as prostitutes to India.
976:
917:
794:
762:
657:
645:
565:
445:
278:
give us a colourful description of her intimate connection with royal splendour. The
269:, where they worked as prostitutes servicing British colonists and local Indian men.
262:
174:
6195:
Nag, Moni (2001). "Anthropological Perspectives on Prostitution and AIDS in India".
6027:
5840:
5395:
5269:
5140:
3995:
3396:
2878:
2830:
1482:
240:
had regulated prostitution in India prior to the 1860s. The British Raj enacted the
208:, an alluring style of popular dance, rose to prominence during the later period of
9128:
9089:
9016:
8780:
8626:
8581:
8485:
8420:
8221:
8202:
7880:
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7794:
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6246:
6112:
6044:
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5783:
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5692:
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5521:
5511:
5468:
5460:
5424:
5416:
5375:
5343:
5333:
5298:
5290:
5247:
5212:
5204:
5169:
5161:
5120:
5083:
5012:
4909:
4567:
4492:
3973:
3944:
3250:
2339:
2305:
2266:
2239:
2077:
2016:
1977:
1942:
1895:
1861:
1819:
1779:
1729:
1700:
952:
among young pregnant women tested routinely at government prenatal health clinics.
661:
542:
166:
7404:
5742:
5725:
5087:
3642:
2021:
2004:
1881:
1717:
1621:"In Kamathipura's lanes, legalisation of prostitution seems like a faraway debate"
527:: Second largest red-light district in India with approximately 5,000 sex workers.
319:) serviced British colonialists in British India where they were viewed as clean.
9169:
9157:
8601:
8425:
8342:
8317:
8264:
8244:
8234:
8197:
7978:
7622:
7297:
7287:
5874:
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5570:
5516:
5379:
5338:
5165:
5048:
5042:
4971:
4938:
4913:
4876:
4835:
4814:
4781:
4760:
4714:
4693:
4669:
4648:
4532:
Prostitution and the Ends of Empire: Scale, Governmentalities, and Interwar India
4530:
4505:
4443:
4414:
4381:
4341:
3948:
3897:
3456:
3452:
3428:
2909:
2885:
2861:
2793:
2002:
1099:
586:: A red-light district with as many as 188 brothels and thousands of sex workers.
188:
5945:
4419:. Wordmakers for the Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society.
2003:
Irani Machado da Silva and Anuradha Sathiyaseelan (2019). Luca Cerniglia (ed.).
252:
which provided for about twelve to fifteen Indian women kept in brothels called
236:
of cities such as Mumbai developed at this time. The governments of many Indian
8775:
8636:
8495:
8470:
8460:
8337:
8322:
8272:
8185:
8065:
8004:
7824:
7756:
7708:
7645:
7564:
7493:
7356:
6791:
6785:
6771:
6677:
6608:
6440:
4316:
2965:(Report). The Center for Advocacy on Stigma and Marginalisation. Archived from
2309:
1865:
1783:
1192:
1060:
940:
A positive outcome of a prevention programme among prostitutes can be found in
905:
890:, whereby a female is coerced into prostitution to pay off debts, as a form of
700:
594:
363:
283:
237:
196:
6291:
6066:
5918:
5787:
5464:
5420:
5294:
5124:
1981:
1733:
1704:
9179:
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8500:
8229:
8164:
8155:
8103:
8095:
8055:
8045:
7943:
7617:
7577:
7214:
6777:
6671:
6578:
6445:
6327:
5961:
5824:
4921:
4579:
4264:
4180:
3517:
3254:
2734:"How sex workers are using technology to service clients during the lockdown"
2395:
2343:
2243:
1767:
1741:
1250:
1131:
891:
887:
561:
354:
266:
249:
209:
144:
5208:
4671:
Sex Workers of India: Diversity in Practice of Prostitution and Ways of Life
4598:
Indian Sex Life: Sexuality and the Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought
3867:"HIV prevention programmes for female prostitutes in India highly effective"
1961:
1500:
9121:
8955:
8894:
8884:
8854:
8770:
8765:
8693:
8510:
8302:
8009:
7951:
7483:
6623:
6618:
6603:
6598:
6266:
6095:
6048:
5936:
5893:
5832:
5751:
5716:
5634:
5615:
5589:
5535:
5482:
5438:
5387:
5357:
5312:
5261:
5226:
5183:
5132:
5095:
5016:
4940:
Defining Girlhood in India: A Transnational History of Sexual Maturity Laws
4464:
Adopting strategic approach for reaching out to inaccessible population viz
3239:"Prostitutes of Kabari Bazar, Meerut and the Bachchra Community in Neemuch"
2708:"Sex industry takes digital route, teenagers at risk of cyber exploitation"
1899:
1873:
1791:
1216:
1055:
995:
and from other origins have been noted as working as prostitutes in India.
772:
in a "protective home" for any sex worker requesting assistance (point 21).
531:
338:
316:
120:
71:
67:
63:
6729:
5147:
3891:
HIV prevention programmes for female prostitutes in India highly effective
3795:
3562:"'Sex work legal', Supreme Court gives historic judgement on prostitution"
1823:
1676:"How Many Prostitutes Are in the United States and the Rest of the World?"
1148:(2006). Other movies depicting lives of prostitutes and dancing girls are
801:
re-entry. Other groups are lobbying parliament for amendments to the law.
488:
8984:
8916:
8872:
8837:
8827:
8728:
8465:
8160:
8138:
8038:
7592:
7587:
7572:
7488:
7235:
7224:
6685:
6583:
6573:
6496:
1424:
1186:
1068:
973:
814:
768:
Rescued Women: The government is legally obligated to provide rescue and
546:
520:
482:
470:
382:
308:
225:
124:
6349:
6299:
6275:
6229:
6187:
6166:
6019:
5979:
5970:
5795:
4739:
4441:
4206:
2479:
2463:
1850:
Huda, S. (2006). "Trafficking, Sex-Trafficking, HIV, AIDS, South Asia".
1809:
1287:, a 2004 American documentary film about the children of prostitutes in
8950:
8933:
8745:
8450:
8367:
7986:
6828:
6593:
6588:
6506:
6455:
6258:
6208:
6145:
6124:
6087:
4571:
1269:
1244:
1223:
1115:
1086:
988:
969:
961:
716:
650:
572:
557:
427:
184:
18:
5847:
4596:
4227:"'Slumdog Millionaire' actress hopes to empower women through her art"
3764:"Gujarat tribal sells daughter to prostitution racketeers in MP, held"
1765:
1064:
9140:
9072:
8822:
8812:
8760:
8738:
8723:
8661:
8656:
8455:
8435:
8297:
8133:
8060:
6650:
6511:
6450:
3827:
2049:
1973:
1594:"Top 15 Largest Red Light Areas In India: Explore Near Your Location"
1399:
1288:
1211:
1162:
1111:
992:
941:
874:
Young college student selling to brothel and visiting free of cost: 1
862:
Lover giving false hope of marriage or job and selling to brothel: 14
720:
612:
576:
509:
493:
390:
372:
348:
156:
140:
6250:
6116:
5364:
4466:
Abstract WePeF6707F abstract, The XIV International AIDS Conference.
3472:"Legalise prostitution in India to address problems of sex industry"
2005:"Emotional needs of women post-rescue from sex trafficking in India"
1915:
8943:
8911:
8832:
8790:
8733:
8713:
8586:
8440:
8430:
8170:
8150:
8050:
8014:
7582:
6816:
6736:
6628:
6613:
6558:
6542:
6501:
5655:
4442:
Gathia, Joseph Anthony; Centre of Concern for Child Labour (1999).
3084:"Rani Begum, ex-courtesan, now helps heal the lives of her sisters"
2913:
2889:
2656:"This law gave Mumbai police the right to search those hotel rooms"
2629:"Sex dens or wellness centres? Indian spas struggle for legitimacy"
2366:
Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives
1150:
1120:
1082:
999:
740:
708:
641:
608:
465:
386:
35:
6344:
Legalise prostitution in India to address problems of sex industry
5543:
5236:"The female sex work typology in India in the context of HIV/AIDS"
5066:
4995:
4962:
4855:
4805:
4620:
4434:
4405:
1097:
Buddhist monk later in her life - a story retold in a Hindi film,
1067:
in the 2nd century BC, and tells the story of a famous courtesan,
568:
with a red-light district housing approximately 2,000 sex workers.
9067:
8938:
8867:
8750:
8686:
8641:
8631:
8445:
8407:
8143:
7991:
6633:
6537:
5489:
5110:
4507:
Legalizing Sex: Sexual Minorities, AIDS, and Citizenship in India
4321:
4179:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3781:
2797:
1292:
934:
834:
782:
758:
747:
672:
590:
516:: Asia's largest red-light district with over 11,000 sex workers.
513:
396:
332:
291:
279:
229:
103:
75:
39:
6103:
Bhattacharji, Sukumari (1987). "Prostitution in Ancient India".
2441:(illustrated ed.). Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 207.
2414:(illustrated ed.). Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 331.
757:
Procuring and trafficking: A person who procures or attempts to
66:
is legal in India, but a number of related activities including
8802:
8287:
8108:
8029:
8019:
6750:
6465:
6460:
4553:
1180:
1107:
965:
930:
883:
601:
583:
524:
369:
Hotels: A commercial establishment offering lodging facilities.
299:
295:
287:
204:
179:
136:
115:
111:
95:
5944:
Brady, David; Biradavolu, Monica; Blankenship, Kim M. (2015).
5276:
4779:
147:
era. The tawaifs excelled in and contributed to music, dance (
143:
who catered to the nobility of India, particularly during the
9011:
7655:
6757:
6692:
5723:
5402:
5234:
Buzdugan, Raluca; Halli, Shiva S.; Cowan, Frances M. (2009).
3032:"Documentary depicts how over 7,000 sex workers in Mumbai..."
2865:
1811:
Dangerous Sex, Invisible Labor: Sex Work and the Law in India
1204:
1094:
1078:
1073:
980:
901:
751:
550:
192:
148:
99:
79:
6332:
5900:
4878:
Nobody Can Love You More: Life in Delhi's Red Light District
4783:
Prostitution and Beyond: An Analysis of Sex Workers in India
4762:
Broken Lives: Dalit Women and Girls in Prostitution in India
4119:"Three Uzbek women among eight held for prostitution racket"
3006:"Exploring the stories of Asia's largest red-light district"
282:
highlight her auspicious presence as a symbol of good luck.
8651:
8596:
8312:
6323:
US State Department Annual Human Rights Reports about India
5445:
3749:"Sex workers cannot operate in any manner, Centre tells SC"
3506:"Supreme Court wants full respect for sex workers: counsel"
3370:
2522:"The Case for and Against the Legalization of Prostitution"
865:
Close acquaintance giving false hope of marriage or job: 11
736:
728:
535:
152:
107:
87:
5943:
5670:
4973:
At Risk: Indian Sexual Politics and the Global AIDS Crisis
3109:"Red Light Areas in India where Sex Workers make a Living"
2983:
833:
Most of the research done by the development organisation
805:
with dignity". The court directed the Central Government,
5946:"Brokers and the Earnings of Female Sex Workers in India"
5596:
5319:
2932:
1425:"Section 7 in The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956"
228:), British colonial officials established and maintained
162:
1483:"India court raises question of legalising prostitution"
719:
who seduces or solicits shall be prosecuted. Similarly,
703:' declaration in 1950 in New York on the suppression of
155:
literary tradition, and were considered an authority on
5190:
3699:"Sex workers rue discrimination against their children"
3643:"The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Amendment Bill, 2006"
1716:
Dalla, Rochelle L.; Kreimer, Lee M. (13 October 2016).
4379:
3055:
Haygunde, Chandan; Kulkarni, Sushant (6 August 2022).
2464:"The Making of Prostitutes in Japan: The Karayuki-San"
1646:"Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016"
9105:
6035:
Gangoli, Geetanjali (2006). "Prostitution in India".
4737:
4646:
3970:"Factbook on Global Sexual Exploitation - Bangladesh"
3780:"S. Asia Urged to Unite Against Child Prostitution",
5810:
4741:
Laws and Regulations Vis-A-VIS Prostitution in India
4383:
The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Prostitution
3345:
1853:
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
620:
The operation of brothels is officially prohibited (
3915:
Office To Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
3243:
Antyajaa: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change
2879:
BBC report on number of female sex workers in India
2787:
New breed of elite call girls cater to India's rich
1118:, has been a theme of a number of films, including
1035:
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
678:
220:. During the period of Company rule (and after the
5233:
4716:Discourse on Rights in India: Debates and Dilemmas
4093:"Uzbek woman held for running prostitution racket"
4010:"10 Thai women arrested for prostitution in India"
3849:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: India"
3823:"Why Indian sex workers dread going to a hospital"
3371:Bishaka Datta; Siddharth Dube (12 December 2007).
1419:
1417:
853:Aged sex workers from same village or locality: 31
829:An American GI and prostitutes in Calcutta in 1945
2575:"THE MISSING LIFE STORIES OF INDIA'S SEX WORKERS"
2438:The British in India: A Social History of the Raj
2411:The British in India: A Social History of the Raj
1804:
1766:Chattopadhyay, Amit; McKaig, Rosemary G. (2004).
859:Mother/sister/near relative in the profession: 18
9177:
6152:
4712:
3054:
2053:. Chennai, India. 11 August 2004. Archived from
1761:
1759:
1008:Uzbek women go to India to work as prostitutes.
444:Surveys show there are an estimated 1.2 million
366:: A place where people go and pay for a massage.
322:
4969:
4503:
4412:
3348:"'Sex workers' clients shouldn't be penalised'"
2958:Sahni, Rohini; Shankar, V Kalyan (April 2011).
1618:
1414:
856:Unknown person/accidental meeting with pimp: 32
850:Neighbours as pimps (guardians not knowing): 19
460:
426:reported the presence of over 3 million female
335:: Buildings in which prostitutes are available.
7973:
6236:
5644:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
4478:
3469:
3323:"Leader Article: Sex Workers Need Legal Cover"
1959:
1926:
788:
739:or live-in lovers who live off a prostitute's
711:. The main points of the PITA are as follows:
7959:
7251:
6844:
6365:
6173:
5005:Borders and Mobility in South Asia and Beyond
4812:
3761:
3503:
1756:
6102:
5240:Tropical Medicine & International Health
4863:Sinha, S. N.; Basu, Nripendra Kumer (1933).
4067:"Six Uzbekistan women held for prostitution"
4034:
3666:
3590:"The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956"
3290:
3288:
2957:
2474:(2). Social Justice/Global Options: 161â84.
2461:
2295:
2258:
1845:
1843:
1715:
1709:
1591:
1392:"The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956"
6328:Rape For Profit â Human Rights Watch Report
5073:
4833:
4780:Sahni, R.; Shankar, V.K.; Apte, H. (2008).
4148:
4146:
4144:
3648:. Ministry Of Women & Child Development
3320:
2546:
2495:"Living Conditions Of Sex Workers In India"
2184:"Nautch girls: Sahibs danced to their tune"
656:In practice ITSA is not commonly used. The
7966:
7952:
7265:
7258:
7244:
6851:
6837:
6372:
6358:
6176:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
5994:
5603:International Journal for Equity in Health
4695:Trafficking in Women and Children in India
4154:"India 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report"
2067:
226:direct administration of the British Crown
6379:
6339:The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1956
5969:
5926:
5883:
5873:
5741:
5706:
5696:
5624:
5614:
5579:
5569:
5525:
5515:
5472:
5428:
5347:
5337:
5302:
5251:
5216:
5173:
4936:
4862:
4594:
4278:
3930:"Unreal cities: Bombay, London, New York"
3346:Mahendra Kumar Singh (24 November 2007).
3285:
2960:The First Pan-India Survey of Sex Workers
2929:"More than 1M child prostitutes in India"
2731:
2626:
2549:"Behind the scenes of Escort Economy 2.0"
2298:Indian Economic and Social History Review
2223:
2020:
1966:The International Journal of Human Rights
1840:
22:Legal status of prostitution across Asia.
7855:Social impact of Indian television drama
6858:
6131:
6037:International approaches to prostitution
4627:
4528:
4469:
4141:
3617:"Prostitution in India Legal provisions"
2828:
2653:
2264:
2205:"Horrors of India's brothels documented"
2161:Continuum International Publishing Group
1849:
1592:Bhattacharya, Rohit (22 December 2023).
824:
675:related practices still remain illegal.
487:
476:
464:
433:
17:
6034:
4816:Immoral Traffic - Prostitution in India
4758:
4688:
4667:
4632:. New Delhi: Inter-India Publications.
4339:
3842:
3820:
3186:"Gwalior trafficking gang sold over..."
2572:
2434:
2407:
2127:
1089:, or royal courtesan of the Kingdom of
847:Neighbour in connivance with parents: 7
424:Ministry of Women and Child Development
9178:
6073:
5002:
4250:
4224:
3584:
3582:
3373:"Leader Article: Sex Work Is No Crime"
3296:"Prostitution in India: Make it legal"
2829:Casciani, Dominic (10 December 2009).
2758:
2681:"Escorts Draw Customers To Delhi Bars"
2599:
1541:
1477:
1475:
955:
28: Prostitution legal and regulated
7947:
7239:
6832:
6353:
6215:
5641:
4253:"A fictional account of a true story"
3927:
3821:Deeksha, Johanna (21 December 2022).
3802:from the original on 21 December 2007
3556:
3554:
3499:
3497:
3236:
2705:
2547:Ram Ganesan, Sharmila (2 June 2023).
2492:
2363:
2329:
2229:
2154:
1587:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1297:Academy Award for Documentary Feature
693:Prevention of Immoral Trafficking Act
634:The Immoral Traffic (Suppression) Act
496:, Kolkata's red light district, 2005.
202:The culture of the performing art of
6273:
5766:
4895:
4867:. Bengal Social Hygiene Association.
4360:
4251:Kamath, Sudhish (14 December 2013).
3504:Correspondent, Legal (26 May 2022).
2600:Mishra, Sukriti (28 November 2022).
2573:Patnaik, Shriya (26 November 2020).
2385:
2265:Bhandari, Sudhanshu (19 June 2010).
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1386:
1384:
911:
820:
123:. It has emerged as a global hub of
6194:
6076:Journal of the History of Sexuality
4225:Butler, Nicole (13 February 2018).
3864:
3579:
3314:
3158:
2926:
2920:
2822:
1472:
171:Portuguese trade in Japanese slaves
13:
4976:. Globalization in Everyday Life.
4896:Shah, Svati P. (1 December 2013).
4363:India & Southeast Asia to 1875
4125:. 7 September 2013. Archived from
3793:
3762:Anuraag Singh (25 February 2014).
3606:The Immoral traffic Prevention Act
3551:
3494:
3422:A mandate to legalise prostitution
3397:"India sex workers get life cover"
3209:
2759:Hyslop, Leah (20 September 2010).
2519:
2493:Batra, Architi (8 February 2020).
2128:Banerji, Projesh (10 April 1986).
1518:
1493:
1456:. 25 February 2009. Archived from
1450:"2008 Human Rights Reports: India"
1044:
1011:
868:"Husband" (not legally married): 3
14:
9207:
6533:Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee
6316:
4898:"Brothels and Big Screen Rescues"
4380:Cunningham, S.; Shah, M. (2016).
3669:"Is Consensual Sex Work A Crime?"
3321:Ratna Kapur (10 September 2007).
2903:Prostitution 'increases' in India
2706:Nigam, Chayyanika (5 June 2017).
2654:Salelkar, Amba (10 August 2015).
2627:Khandekar, Omkar (9 March 2021).
1856:. Sex trafficking in South Asia.
1564:
1547:"Top 10 Red Light Areas In India"
1381:
1049:Prostitution has been a theme in
1032:United States Department of State
473:, a red light district in Mumbai.
9163:
9151:
9139:
9127:
9115:
9088:
7219:
7210:
7209:
6012:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00116.x
5253:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02278.x
4865:History of Prostitution in India
4738:Rehman, M.U.; Singh, D. (2020).
4647:Murthy, L.; Seshu, M.S. (2014).
4628:Mukherji, Santosh Kumar (1986).
4497:10.1111/j.1943-0787.2009.01115.x
4309:
4244:
4218:
4200:
4186:
4174:
4111:
4035:Syed Nazakat (9 February 2013).
4016:. Jaipur, India. 9 November 2015
3667:Hemchhaya De (23 October 2013).
3135:"Delhi's G B road gets first..."
3081:
3029:
2855:Around 3 mn prostitutes in India
2732:Khandekar, Omkar (22 May 2020).
2267:"Prostitution in Colonial India"
2082:10.1111/j.1468-0424.2011.01673.x
1947:10.1111/j.1943-0787.2009.01115.x
1619:Magdalena Rojas (12 June 2016).
685:Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act
679:Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act
9044:LGBT-affirming religious groups
7679:Proposed states and territories
5730:Culture, Health & Sexuality
5368:Culture, Health & Sexuality
5154:Culture, Health & Sexuality
5076:Culture, Health & Sexuality
4340:Banerji, Sures Chandra (1989).
4332:
4085:
4059:
4028:
4002:
3996:"Meeting Pakistani prostitutes"
3988:
3962:
3921:
3903:
3884:
3858:
3814:
3787:
3774:
3755:
3741:
3717:
3691:
3660:
3635:
3609:
3470:K Rajasekharan (18 June 2014).
3463:
3439:
3415:
3389:
3364:
3339:
3268:
3230:
3203:
3178:
3152:
3127:
3101:
3075:
3048:
3023:
3003:
2997:
2976:
2951:
2896:
2872:
2848:
2804:
2780:
2752:
2725:
2699:
2673:
2647:
2620:
2593:
2566:
2540:
2513:
2486:
2455:
2428:
2401:
2357:
2323:
2289:
2197:
2176:
2148:
2121:
2096:
2061:
2037:
1996:
1953:
1920:
1904:
1888:
1798:
1693:
1668:
627:
500:India's largest and best-known
403:
8208:Sexually transmitted infection
7177:British Indian Ocean Territory
6405:Prostitution in colonial India
5197:Journal of Infectious Diseases
4448:. Concept Publishing Company.
4365:. World Peace Communications.
4286:"NY Times: Born into Brothels"
3276:"Court convicts 41 persons..."
2761:"India's 'prostitutes of God'"
2687:. The BluntTimes. 10 July 2023
2370:University of California Press
1638:
1612:
1442:
1364:Prostitution in colonial India
924:sexually transmitted infection
553:with around 3,500 sex workers.
246:prostitution in colonial India
1:
8255:Women who have sex with women
6487:Chaturbhuj Sthan, Muzaffarpur
6197:Economic and Political Weekly
6155:Economic and Political Weekly
6134:Economic and Political Weekly
5743:10.1080/13691058.2020.1774656
5088:10.1080/13691058.2020.1740793
4837:Brothel Prostitution in India
4674:. Allied Publishers Private.
2157:Interracial Intimacy in Japan
2022:10.1080/23311908.2019.1631584
1375:
417:
323:Operations and modus operandi
173:resulted in traders from the
42:are illegal; prostitution is
8388:History of erotic depictions
8278:Criminal transmission of HIV
6415:Prostitution in Kuki society
5950:American Sociological Review
5875:10.1371/journal.pone.0204055
5698:10.1371/journal.pone.0235094
5571:10.1371/journal.pone.0088858
5517:10.1371/journal.pone.0073470
5380:10.1080/13691058.2013.845692
5339:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002680
5166:10.1080/13691058.2014.960002
4945:University of Illinois Press
4914:10.1080/1369801X.2013.849425
4317:"Tales of the Night Fairies"
3949:10.1215/01636545-1998-70-131
3249:. SAGE Publications: 78â85.
1359:Prostitution in Kuki society
1339:Prostitution in the Americas
871:Husband (legally married): 1
807:States and Union Territories
461:Red-light districts of India
7:
8373:Counterculture of the 1960s
7443:Water supply and sanitation
5813:Qualitative Health Research
5283:Archives of Sexual Behavior
5113:Archives of Sexual Behavior
4713:Nanda, B.; Ray, N. (2018).
4485:Asian Politics & Policy
4445:Child Prostitution in India
4346:. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak.
3725:Sex Workers Meet Law Makers
2581:. GENEVA GRADUATE INSTITUTE
2553:timesofindia.indiatimes.com
2462:Mihalopoulos, Bill (1994).
1934:Asian Politics & Policy
1600:. ScoopWhoop Media Pvt. Ltd
1306:
882:Also prevalent in parts of
789:Political and legal debates
754:is also a criminal offence.
451:
10:
9212:
9095:Human sexuality portal
7330:Public distribution system
5009:Amsterdam University Press
4603:Princeton University Press
3675:. Calcutta. Archived from
2364:Enloe, Cynthia H. (2000),
2310:10.1177/001946460304000202
1866:10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.04.027
1816:Princeton University Press
1784:10.1089/108729104322994847
1772:AIDS Patient Care and STDs
1505:Sexuality, Poverty and Law
1501:"Sex Work Law - Countries"
1324:Prostitution in Bangladesh
1139:Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love
1085:(Ambapali), the legendary
1018:Human trafficking in India
1015:
915:
593:: A red-light district in
549:: A red-light district in
448:involved in prostitution.
440:Child trafficking in India
437:
315:Japanese prostitutes (the
290:in divine form to ganika,
218:British East India Company
130:
52: Prostitution illegal
9083:
8964:
8853:
8572:
8524:
8401:
8358:
8263:
8240:Men who have sex with men
8216:
8089:
7985:
7868:
7845:Films about social issues
7823:
7770:
7707:
7669:
7636:
7563:
7512:
7456:
7413:
7390:
7273:
7205:
7164:
7124:
6866:
6642:
6551:
6520:
6474:
6433:
6387:
6346:Article by K Rajasekharan
6292:10.1017/S0026749X11000503
6218:Women's Studies Quarterly
5919:10.1007/s10461-018-2219-x
5788:10.1080/03071020903257018
5465:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001546
5421:10.1007/s10461-015-1171-2
5295:10.1007/s10508-014-0404-1
5125:10.1007/s10508-018-1384-3
4978:Stanford University Press
4840:. University Book House.
4759:Rozario, M. Rita (2000).
4512:New York University Press
4288:, Movies & TV Dept.,
4037:"Like cattle, from Kabul"
3972:. Uri.edu. Archived from
3446:India's sex trade exposed
3063:. The Indian Express Ltd
2528:. Legal Service India.com
2144:– via Google Books.
2015:(1). Cogent OA: 1631584.
1982:10.1080/13642980802533109
1734:10.1007/s12119-016-9388-4
1705:10.1007/s12117-998-1059-x
364:Massage & spa parlors
6926:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
6528:All Bengal Women's Union
6041:Bristol University Press
6000:Law & Social Inquiry
5962:10.1177/0003122415609051
5825:10.1177/1049732310395328
5203:(Suppl 5): S1229âS1234.
4970:Vijayakumar, G. (2021).
4504:Lakkimsetti, C. (2020).
4361:Beck, Sanderson (2004).
4158:U.S. Department of State
3917:. U.S. State Department.
3255:10.1177/2455632720915320
2908:9 September 2009 at the
2344:10.1177/0891243204272781
2244:10.1177/0891243204272781
2134:. Abhinav Publications.
1652:. UNAIDS. Archived from
1454:U.S. Department of State
1369:Prostitution in Thailand
1053:and arts for centuries.
840:All Bengal Women's Union
222:Indian Rebellion of 1857
7313:National Pension System
7187:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6716:Laaga Chunari Mein Daag
6564:Bangalore Nagarathnamma
6410:Prostitution in Kolkata
6239:Health and Human Rights
4479:Kole, Subir K. (2009).
4470:Grjebine, LoĂŻs (1987).
4388:Oxford University Press
3896:3 December 2013 at the
3427:15 January 2016 at the
2435:Gilmour, David (2018).
2408:Gilmour, David (2018).
2392:Nautch Girls of the Raj
2163:, p. 49 & 52,
2155:Leupp, Gary P. (2003),
1960:Biswajit Ghosh (2009).
1927:Kole, Subir K. (2009).
1722:Sexuality & Culture
1680:Prostitution.procon.org
1354:Prostitution in Kolkata
1329:Prostitution by country
1199:Laaga Chunari Mein Daag
985:former Soviet Republics
746:Brothel: Landlords and
74:, owning or managing a
8516:Split attraction model
8506:Sexual objectification
8416:Anarchism and love/sex
7651:Caste-related violence
7367:Universal basic income
7267:Social issues in India
6420:Prostitution in Mumbai
6274:Legg, Stephen (2012).
6049:10.2307/j.ctt9qgxs0.10
5767:Legg, Stephen (2009).
5616:10.1186/1475-9276-7-22
5017:10.2307/j.ctv513ckq.10
4813:Sithannan, V. (2014).
4692:; Sen, Sankar (2005).
4560:Development and Change
4294:, 2007, archived from
3998:. BBC. 31 August 2009.
3937:Radical History Review
3928:Gregg, Robert (1998).
2738:lifestyle.livemint.com
2633:lifestyle.livemint.com
2526:legalserviceindia.com/
1900:10.1186/1475-9276-7-22
1650:www.aidsinfoonline.org
1344:Prostitution in Europe
830:
497:
485:
474:
313:
242:Cantonment Act of 1864
60:
9186:Prostitution in India
8476:Sex-positive movement
8129:Reproductive medicine
8124:Obesity and sexuality
8071:Sexual response cycle
7850:Freedom of expression
6860:Prostitution in Asia
6744:Pati Patni Aur Tawaif
6521:NGOs and associations
6475:Major red-light areas
6400:Prostitution in India
6381:Prostitution in India
5209:10.1093/infdis/jir540
4630:Prostitution in India
4537:Duke University Press
2860:29 March 2016 at the
2792:29 April 2014 at the
1824:10.1515/9781400838769
1279:(2022) among others.
1093:, famously became an
960:Women and girls from
916:Further information:
828:
491:
480:
468:
434:Underage prostitution
302:and the nautch girl."
271:
21:
9002:Buddhist monasticism
8992:Christian demonology
8818:Urethral intercourse
8617:Erotic sexual denial
8308:Cybersex trafficking
8181:Erectile dysfunction
7699:Separatist movements
7101:United Arab Emirates
6507:Shivdaspur, Varanasi
6280:Modern Asian Studies
6043:. pp. 115â140.
5011:. pp. 145â166.
4873:Soofi, Mayank Austen
4834:Singh, P.K. (2004).
4721:Taylor & Francis
4698:. Orient Blackswan.
4462:Gomare et al. 2002.
4413:D'Cunha, J. (1991).
4386:. Oxford handbooks.
3865:ANI (17 June 2013).
3451:4 March 2016 at the
3237:Irani, Raul (2020).
3218:. Amar Ujala Limited
2972:on 29 November 2014.
2884:4 March 2016 at the
2801:, 20 September 2008.
2579:graduateinstitute.ch
2332:Gender & Society
2232:Gender & Society
2070:Gender & History
2057:on 27 November 2004.
1818:. pp. 250â350.
1349:Pornography in India
1334:Prostitution in Asia
1239:Chaarfutiya Chhokare
1157:Ram Teri Ganga Maili
151:), theatre, and the
78:, prostitution in a
9056:Sacred prostitution
8845:Wet T-shirt contest
8709:Non-penetrative sex
8667:Mammary intercourse
8348:Revenge pornography
8119:Masters and Johnson
8081:Vaginal lubrication
7737:Illegal immigration
7382:Widening income gap
7128:limited recognition
6552:Notable individuals
6502:Meergunj, Allahabad
6497:Kamathipura, Mumbai
6425:Sacred prostitution
5866:2018PLoSO..1304055M
5689:2020PLoSO..1535094M
5562:2014PLoSO...988858A
5508:2013PLoSO...873470S
4650:The Business of Sex
4298:on 28 December 2007
3958:on 2 December 2013.
3853:US State Department
3482:on 18 November 2016
3460:, 29 November 2008.
3385:on 19 October 2012.
3360:on 19 October 2012.
3335:on 19 October 2012.
2939:on 28 February 2011
2766:The Daily Telegraph
2104:"Fall of a culture"
1489:. 10 December 2009.
1460:on 26 February 2009
1276:Gangubai Kathiawadi
1233:Slumdog Millionaire
1071:. It was made into
956:Foreign prostitutes
502:red-light districts
343:Street prostitution
284:Buddhist literature
234:red-light districts
8902:Red-light district
8798:Sexual penetration
8786:Sexual intercourse
8704:Nipple stimulation
8383:Golden Age of Porn
8283:Child sexual abuse
8250:Sexual orientation
8176:Sexual dysfunction
8114:Male contraceptive
8076:Sexual stimulation
8025:Nocturnal emission
7689:Religious violence
7550:Female infanticide
7535:Child prostitution
7352:Standard of living
6658:Born into Brothels
6643:In popular culture
6569:Begum Hazrat Mahal
6512:Sonagachi, Kolkata
6482:Budhwar Peth, Pune
5996:Kotiswaran, Prabha
4937:Tambe, A. (2019).
4595:Mitra, D. (2020).
4572:10.1111/dech.12647
4325:. 4 February 2013.
4291:The New York Times
4097:The Times of India
3794:Holter, Mikael G.
3679:on 26 October 2013
3623:. 16 February 2013
3543:has generic name (
3433:The Times of India
3378:The Times of India
3353:The Times of India
3328:The Times of India
3281:. 20 January 2022.
3279:The Times of India
3189:The Times of India
3159:Shantha, Sukanya.
3138:The Times of India
3061:indianexpress.com/
3030:Bose, Mrityunjay.
2211:. 23 November 2013
2045:"Mapping cultures"
1551:zeenews.india.com/
1314:Born into Brothels
1284:Born into Brothels
1037:ranks India as a '
908:during the 1990s.
831:
691:, also called the
498:
486:
475:
259:continental Europe
183:crew members from
177:and their captive
84:child prostitution
61:
9103:
9102:
9012:Hindu monasticism
8997:Clerical celibacy
8863:Adult video games
8574:Sexual activities
8491:Sexual attraction
8481:Sexual abstinence
8393:Sexual revolution
8378:Feminist sex wars
8333:Sexual misconduct
8328:Sexual harassment
8293:Indecent exposure
8000:Clitoral erection
7941:
7940:
7727:Human trafficking
7540:Child trafficking
7469:Domestic violence
7438:Natural disasters
7433:Manual scavenging
7293:Farmers' suicides
7233:
7232:
7170:other territories
6826:
6825:
6456:Nagarvadhu system
6395:Indian Penal Code
6335:Sex work outreach
6203:(42): 4025â4030.
6140:(45): 2461â2472.
5913:(12): 4034â4047.
5907:AIDS and Behavior
5453:BMJ Global Health
5409:AIDS and Behavior
5058:978-0-739-13277-7
5026:978-90-485-3522-4
4987:978-1-503-62806-9
4954:978-0-252-05158-6
4888:978-0-670-08414-2
4881:. Penguin Group.
4847:978-8-181-98026-7
4826:978-1-618-13023-5
4797:978-0-761-93638-1
4788:SAGE Publications
4772:978-81-87367-02-4
4751:978-1-952-75153-0
4730:978-0-429-82714-3
4705:978-81-250-2845-1
4681:978-8-184-24018-4
4660:978-9-383-07459-4
4639:978-81-210-0054-3
4612:978-0-691-19634-3
4546:978-0-822-37617-0
4529:Legg, S. (2014).
4521:978-1-479-85223-9
4455:978-81-7022-771-7
4426:978-8-185-44701-8
4397:978-0-199-91524-8
4372:978-0-9762210-0-5
4353:978-81-85094-25-0
4071:indianexpress.com
3621:Indian Laws Guide
3596:on 6 October 2008
3436:, 25 August 2003.
3302:. 1 November 2014
3191:. 10 January 2017
3088:outlookindia.com/
3035:deccanherald.com/
2379:978-0-520-22071-3
2271:Mainstream Weekly
2170:978-0-8264-6074-5
2009:Cogent Psychology
1833:978-1-400-83876-9
1806:Prabha Kotiswaran
1063:, was written by
1051:Indian literature
918:HIV/AIDS in India
912:Sex worker health
821:Reasons for entry
795:human trafficking
781:under the PITA. "
763:human trafficking
658:Indian Penal Code
646:male prostitution
600:9. Kabari Bazar,
582:7. Ganga Jamuna,
566:Varanasi district
175:Portuguese Empire
9203:
9196:Culture of India
9191:Society of India
9168:
9167:
9166:
9156:
9155:
9154:
9144:
9143:
9132:
9131:
9120:
9119:
9118:
9111:
9093:
9092:
9017:Jain monasticism
8781:Sexual fetishism
8699:Mechanics of sex
8582:Conventional sex
8486:Sexual addiction
8421:Extramarital sex
8203:Sexual surrogate
8039:male ejaculation
7968:
7961:
7954:
7945:
7944:
7933:Police brutality
7722:Groom kidnapping
7684:Ethnic relations
7545:Female foeticide
7260:
7253:
7246:
7237:
7236:
7223:
7213:
7212:
7182:Christmas Island
6868:Sovereign states
6853:
6846:
6839:
6830:
6829:
6451:Dance bar system
6374:
6367:
6360:
6351:
6350:
6333:Navjeevan Mumbai
6311:
6286:(6): 1459â1505.
6270:
6233:
6212:
6191:
6170:
6149:
6128:
6105:Social Scientist
6099:
6070:
6039:(1st ed.).
6031:
5991:
5973:
5956:(6): 1123â1149.
5940:
5930:
5897:
5887:
5877:
5844:
5807:
5773:
5763:
5745:
5736:(9): 1255â1269.
5720:
5710:
5700:
5667:
5638:
5628:
5618:
5593:
5583:
5573:
5539:
5529:
5519:
5486:
5476:
5442:
5432:
5399:
5366:work in India".
5361:
5351:
5341:
5332:(12): e1002680.
5316:
5306:
5289:(4): 1011â1023.
5273:
5255:
5230:
5220:
5187:
5177:
5144:
5119:(7): 1969â1972.
5107:
5070:
5038:
4999:
4966:
4933:
4892:
4868:
4859:
4830:
4809:
4776:
4755:
4734:
4709:
4685:
4668:Nag, M. (2006).
4664:
4643:
4624:
4591:
4550:
4525:
4500:
4475:
4459:
4438:
4409:
4376:
4357:
4327:
4326:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4222:
4216:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4160:. Archived from
4150:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4043:. Archived from
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3976:on 15 April 2012
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3951:. Archived from
3934:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3907:
3901:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3862:
3856:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3737:on 4 March 2016.
3736:
3729:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3592:. Archived from
3586:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3558:
3549:
3548:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3478:. Archived from
3467:
3461:
3443:
3437:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3381:. Archived from
3368:
3362:
3361:
3356:. Archived from
3343:
3337:
3336:
3331:. Archived from
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3210:Sirohi, Dimple.
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3115:. 8 October 2017
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3082:Ravi, Prashant.
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2964:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2935:. Archived from
2924:
2918:
2900:
2894:
2876:
2870:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2808:
2802:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2685:theblunttimes.in
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2520:Ankita, Kumari.
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2405:
2399:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1924:
1918:
1908:
1902:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1713:
1707:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1589:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1543:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1429:indiankanoon.org
1421:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1398:. Archived from
1388:
779:state government
662:public indecency
543:Chaturbhuj Sthan
311:
167:Portuguese India
165:was a colony in
114:, among others.
57:
51:
33:
27:
9211:
9210:
9206:
9205:
9204:
9202:
9201:
9200:
9176:
9175:
9174:
9164:
9162:
9152:
9150:
9138:
9134:human sexuality
9126:
9116:
9114:
9106:
9104:
9099:
9087:
9079:
9007:Catholic Church
8967:
8960:
8849:
8568:
8520:
8426:Family planning
8405:
8397:
8354:
8343:Sexual violence
8318:Sex trafficking
8259:
8245:Sexual identity
8235:Gender identity
8212:
8198:Sexual medicine
8094:
8085:
8051:Penile erection
8005:Erogenous zones
7989:
7981:
7979:human sexuality
7972:
7942:
7937:
7864:
7819:
7766:
7747:Organised crime
7732:Illegal housing
7703:
7665:
7632:
7608:Menstrual taboo
7559:
7555:Street children
7508:
7479:Family planning
7452:
7409:
7386:
7269:
7264:
7234:
7229:
7201:
7169:
7160:
7141:Northern Cyprus
7127:
7120:
6862:
6857:
6827:
6822:
6638:
6547:
6516:
6492:G.B.Road, Delhi
6470:
6429:
6383:
6378:
6319:
6314:
6251:10.2307/4065224
6117:10.2307/3520437
6059:
5860:(9): e0204055.
5771:
5683:(7): e0235094.
5059:
5049:Lexington Books
5041:
5027:
4988:
4955:
4889:
4871:
4848:
4827:
4798:
4773:
4752:
4744:. Eliva Press.
4731:
4706:
4682:
4661:
4640:
4613:
4547:
4522:
4456:
4427:
4398:
4373:
4354:
4335:
4330:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4301:
4299:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4223:
4219:
4205:
4201:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4175:
4167:
4165:
4164:on 29 July 2018
4152:
4151:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4123:Hindustan Times
4117:
4116:
4112:
4102:
4100:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4033:
4029:
4019:
4017:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3955:
3943:(70): 131â148.
3932:
3926:
3922:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3898:Wayback Machine
3889:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3863:
3859:
3847:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3792:
3788:
3784:, 19 June 1998.
3779:
3775:
3760:
3756:
3751:. 12 July 2012.
3747:
3746:
3742:
3734:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3599:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3540:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3520:
3502:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3468:
3464:
3457:The Independent
3453:Wayback Machine
3444:
3440:
3429:Wayback Machine
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3369:
3365:
3344:
3340:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3157:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3010:irishtimes.com/
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2910:Wayback Machine
2901:
2897:
2886:Wayback Machine
2877:
2873:
2862:Wayback Machine
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2827:
2823:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2794:Wayback Machine
2785:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2491:
2487:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2406:
2402:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2362:
2358:
2328:
2324:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2263:
2259:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2131:Dance in Thumri
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2066:
2062:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2001:
1997:
1958:
1954:
1925:
1921:
1909:
1905:
1893:
1889:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1803:
1799:
1764:
1757:
1714:
1710:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1598:scoopwhoop.com/
1590:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1309:
1047:
1045:Popular culture
1020:
1014:
1012:Sex trafficking
958:
920:
914:
823:
791:
715:Sex Workers: A
681:
630:
619:
589:8. Reshampura,
463:
454:
442:
436:
420:
406:
355:Escort agencies
325:
312:
307:
261:and Japan were
238:princely states
133:
59:
55:
53:
49:
47:
31:
29:
25:
23:
12:
11:
5:
9209:
9199:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9173:
9172:
9160:
9148:
9136:
9124:
9101:
9100:
9098:
9097:
9084:
9081:
9080:
9078:
9077:
9076:
9075:
9065:
9064:
9063:
9061:Ancient Greece
9053:
9048:
9047:
9046:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9020:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8994:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8972:
8970:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8947:
8946:
8936:
8931:
8930:
8929:
8924:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8898:
8897:
8892:
8882:
8881:
8880:
8870:
8865:
8859:
8857:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8847:
8842:
8841:
8840:
8835:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8794:
8793:
8783:
8778:
8776:Sexual fantasy
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8677:Anal fingering
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8637:Foot fetishism
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8578:
8576:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8530:
8528:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8496:Sexual capital
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8461:Premarital sex
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8412:
8410:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8364:
8362:
8356:
8355:
8353:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8338:Sexual slavery
8335:
8330:
8325:
8323:Sexual assault
8320:
8315:
8310:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8273:Age of consent
8269:
8267:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8226:
8224:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8188:
8186:Hypersexuality
8183:
8173:
8168:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8147:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8100:
8098:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8066:Sexual arousal
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7996:
7994:
7983:
7982:
7971:
7970:
7963:
7956:
7948:
7939:
7938:
7936:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7872:
7870:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7841:
7840:
7829:
7827:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7776:
7774:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7742:Illegal mining
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7713:
7711:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7675:
7673:
7667:
7666:
7664:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7646:Caste politics
7642:
7640:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7598:Women's health
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7569:
7567:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7530:Child marriage
7527:
7522:
7516:
7514:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7494:Nuclear family
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7448:Water disputes
7445:
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7430:
7428:Climate change
7425:
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7408:
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7396:
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7357:Street vendors
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7283:Communications
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6805:
6797:
6793:Umrao Jaan Ada
6789:
6786:The Other Song
6782:
6775:
6772:Salaam Bombay!
6768:
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6609:Nalini Jameela
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6441:Aadhiya system
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6330:
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6318:
6317:External links
6315:
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6271:
6234:
6224:(1/2): 65â72.
6213:
6192:
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6150:
6129:
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6082:(4): 579â602.
6071:
6067:j.ctt9qgxs0.10
6057:
6032:
6006:(3): 579â629.
5992:
5941:
5898:
5845:
5819:(5): 587â600.
5808:
5782:(4): 447â467.
5776:Social History
5764:
5721:
5668:
5656:10.1086/662698
5650:(3): 619â644.
5639:
5594:
5541:
5487:
5459:(6): e001546.
5443:
5415:(4): 776â787.
5400:
5374:(2): 149â163.
5362:
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5231:
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5145:
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5082:(7): 913â926.
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4908:(4): 549â566.
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4129:on 3 July 2015
4110:
4099:. 19 June 2013
4084:
4058:
4047:on 18 May 2015
4027:
4001:
3987:
3961:
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3902:
3883:
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3773:
3768:Times of India
3754:
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3705:. 6 March 2011
3690:
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3216:amarujala.com/
3202:
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3140:. January 2023
3126:
3113:desiblitz.com/
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2468:Social Justice
2454:
2448:978-0374713249
2447:
2427:
2421:978-0374713249
2420:
2400:
2384:
2378:
2372:, p. 58,
2356:
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2076:(1): 150â171.
2060:
2036:
1995:
1952:
1941:(2): 255â281.
1919:
1903:
1887:
1860:(3): 374â381.
1839:
1832:
1797:
1778:(3): 159â168.
1755:
1728:(1): 163â186.
1708:
1692:
1667:
1656:on 4 June 2019
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977:Arab countries
957:
954:
913:
910:
906:sexual slavery
876:
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866:
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857:
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851:
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822:
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790:
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770:rehabilitation
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701:United Nations
680:
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595:Madhya Pradesh
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438:Main article:
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250:military bases
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8771:Sex positions
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8647:Forced orgasm
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8564:United States
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8501:Sexual ethics
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8403:Relationships
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8230:Gender binary
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8191:Hyposexuality
8189:
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8165:PLISSIT model
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8156:Sex education
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8104:Birth control
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8056:Pre-ejaculate
8054:
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8049:
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8046:Pelvic thrust
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7923:Superstitions
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7907:
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7902:
7901:Homosexuality
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7578:Bride burning
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7151:South Ossetia
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6672:Bazaar-e-Husn
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6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6579:Binodini Dasi
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6519:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
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6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6461:Nautch system
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6446:Chukri System
6444:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
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6406:
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6396:
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6382:
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6309:
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6301:
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6293:
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6264:
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6252:
6248:
6245:(1): 88â115.
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6240:
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6210:
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6172:
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6161:(17): 64â73.
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6093:
6089:
6085:
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6077:
6072:
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6060:
6058:9781847421586
6054:
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6038:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
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5373:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5326:PLOS Medicine
5323:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5275:
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5232:
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5198:
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5185:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5167:
5163:
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5155:
5151:
5146:
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5130:
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5109:
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5089:
5085:
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5064:
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5054:
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5028:
5022:
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5014:
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4989:
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4979:
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4968:
4964:
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4956:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4902:Interventions
4899:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4819:. eBooks2go.
4818:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4793:
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4774:
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4757:
4753:
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4683:
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4662:
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4652:
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4631:
4626:
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4604:
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4561:
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4552:
4548:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4527:
4523:
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4508:
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4468:
4465:
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4440:
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4418:
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4399:
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4374:
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4364:
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4344:
4338:
4337:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4281:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4203:
4195:
4189:
4182:
4181:public domain
4163:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4073:. 31 May 2012
4072:
4068:
4062:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4015:
4011:
4005:
3997:
3991:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3899:
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3892:
3887:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3817:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3744:
3733:
3726:
3720:
3704:
3703:Deccan Herald
3700:
3694:
3678:
3674:
3673:The Telegraph
3670:
3663:
3644:
3638:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3567:
3563:
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3555:
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3511:
3507:
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3481:
3477:
3473:
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3458:
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3402:
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3384:
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3379:
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3367:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3317:
3301:
3300:The Economist
3297:
3291:
3289:
3280:
3277:
3271:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3166:
3162:
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3136:
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3110:
3104:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3036:
3033:
3026:
3011:
3007:
3004:Das, Rijula.
3000:
2985:
2979:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2917:, 3 July 2006
2916:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2755:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2713:
2712:indiatoday.in
2709:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2398:, 8 Aug 2010.
2397:
2396:Mumbai Mirror
2393:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2338:(2): 160â79,
2337:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:(2): 163â90,
2303:
2299:
2292:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2238:(2): 160â79.
2237:
2233:
2226:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2185:
2179:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2141:9788170172123
2137:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2109:
2108:Tribune India
2105:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1626:
1625:firstpost.com
1622:
1615:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1402:on 2 May 2015
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1258:Calcutta News
1253:
1252:
1251:Soothradharan
1247:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:Sanskrit play
1058:
1057:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:In 2015, ten
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
967:
963:
953:
949:
945:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
925:
919:
909:
907:
903:
898:
895:
893:
892:bonded labour
889:
888:Chukri System
885:
880:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
845:
844:
841:
836:
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818:
816:
810:
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802:
798:
796:
786:
784:
780:
771:
767:
764:
760:
756:
753:
749:
745:
742:
738:
735:Pimps :
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
676:
674:
668:
665:
663:
659:
654:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
625:
623:
614:
610:
606:
603:
599:
596:
592:
588:
585:
581:
578:
574:
570:
567:
563:
562:Uttar Pradesh
559:
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
526:
522:
518:
515:
511:
507:
506:
505:
503:
495:
490:
484:
481:A brothel in
479:
472:
467:
458:
449:
447:
441:
431:
429:
425:
415:
414:trafficking.
412:
398:
395:
392:
388:
384:
381:
378:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
340:
339:Streetwalkers
337:
334:
331:
330:
329:
320:
318:
310:
304:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
270:
268:
267:British India
264:
260:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:Mughal Empire
207:
206:
200:
198:
197:sexual slaves
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
128:
126:
122:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:kerb crawling
69:
65:
58: No data
45:
41:
37:
20:
16:
9146:Prostitution
8966:Religion and
8956:Webcam model
8895:Survival sex
8885:Prostitution
8855:Sex industry
8766:Sex in space
8694:Masturbation
8534:Ancient Rome
8511:Sexual slang
8303:Sexual abuse
8010:Insemination
7913:Human rights
7869:Other issues
7815:Tuberculosis
7800:Malnutrition
7638:Caste system
7613:Prostitution
7612:
7525:Child labour
7484:Joint family
7474:Dowry system
7464:Cohabitation
7423:Conservation
7377:Unemployment
7372:Urbanisation
7308:Debt bondage
7303:Land reforms
7166:Dependencies
7096:Turkmenistan
7061:Saudi Arabia
6940:
6815:
6808:
6800:
6792:
6784:
6778:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6728:
6722:
6714:
6707:
6699:
6691:
6684:
6678:
6670:
6664:
6656:
6649:
6624:Zeenat Begum
6619:Tulasa Thapa
6604:Moran Sarkar
6599:Mah Laqa Bai
6399:
6380:
6283:
6279:
6242:
6238:
6221:
6217:
6200:
6196:
6179:
6175:
6158:
6154:
6137:
6133:
6111:(2): 32â61.
6108:
6104:
6079:
6075:
6036:
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5971:10419/190199
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4471:
4463:
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4415:
4382:
4362:
4342:
4333:Bibliography
4320:
4311:
4300:, retrieved
4296:the original
4289:
4280:
4268:. Retrieved
4256:
4246:
4234:. Retrieved
4230:
4220:
4207:
4202:
4188:
4166:. Retrieved
4162:the original
4157:
4131:. Retrieved
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4040:
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4014:Bangkok Post
4013:
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3974:the original
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3886:
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3480:the original
3476:Economy Lead
3475:
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3431:
3417:
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3403:. 1 May 2008
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3299:
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3112:
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3087:
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3034:
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3009:
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2978:
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2953:
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2937:the original
2922:
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2898:
2888:
2874:
2869:, 8 May 2007
2864:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:
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2764:
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2742:. Retrieved
2740:. Mintlounge
2737:
2727:
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2711:
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2684:
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2663:. Retrieved
2660:dnaindia.com
2659:
2649:
2637:. Retrieved
2635:. Mintlounge
2632:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2605:
2595:
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2530:. Retrieved
2525:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2498:
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2178:
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2111:. Retrieved
2107:
2098:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2055:the original
2048:
2039:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1938:
1932:
1922:
1906:
1890:
1857:
1851:
1810:
1800:
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1679:
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1654:the original
1649:
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1624:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1597:
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1550:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:
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1462:. Retrieved
1458:the original
1453:
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1428:
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1400:the original
1395:
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1274:
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1059:, a ten-act
1056:Mrichakatika
1054:
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1007:
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946:
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669:
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655:
631:
628:Legal status
621:
618:
564:: A town in
532:Budhwar Peth
499:
455:
443:
421:
407:
404:Organisation
326:
317:Karayuki-san
314:
298:, kanchani,
273:
272:
253:
244:to regulate
203:
201:
178:
161:
134:
121:sex industry
64:Prostitution
62:
43:
15:
9039:LGBT people
8985:Tantric sex
8917:Sex tourism
8873:Pornography
8838:Erotic talk
8828:Virtual sex
8729:Cunnilingus
8559:South Korea
8554:Philippines
8466:Promiscuity
8161:Sex therapy
8139:Gynaecology
7918:Prohibition
7757:Vigilantism
7671:Communalism
7661:Reservation
7593:Eve teasing
7588:Dowry death
7573:Acid attack
7489:Infertility
7415:Environment
7335:Remittances
7225:Asia portal
7126:States with
7046:Philippines
6986:South Korea
6981:North Korea
6876:Afghanistan
6811:(2006 film)
6803:(1981 film)
6710:(2002 film)
6702:(1955 film)
6686:Chandni Bar
6584:Gauhar Jaan
6574:Begum Samru
6434:Professions
6182:: 723â728.
4690:Nair, P. M.
4302:23 November
4133:28 November
4103:28 November
4077:28 November
4051:28 November
3876:28 November
3834:21 December
3709:28 November
3683:17 November
3652:17 November
3627:16 February
3541:|last=
3486:28 November
3306:17 November
3165:thewire.in/
2989:28 November
2215:28 November
1976:: 716â738.
1464:28 November
1434:28 November
1406:28 November
1221:(2013) and
1187:Chandni Bar
1142:(1996) and
1110:, or elite
1095:enlightened
1041:' country.
974:Philippines
815:ultra vires
705:trafficking
651:labour laws
547:Muzaffarpur
521:Kamathipura
492:A scene in
483:Kamathipura
471:Kamathipura
428:sex workers
383:Virtual sex
309:Pran Nevile
125:sex tourism
9180:Categories
8951:Strip club
8934:Sex worker
8907:Sex museum
8878:Film actor
8746:Paraphilia
8672:Manual sex
8526:By country
8451:Orgasm gap
8368:Blue Movie
7987:Physiology
7928:Disability
7833:Censorship
7762:Cybercrime
7717:Corruption
7694:Secularism
7106:Uzbekistan
7081:Tajikistan
6996:Kyrgyzstan
6976:Kazakhstan
6896:Bangladesh
6886:Azerbaijan
6809:Umrao Jaan
6801:Umrao Jaan
6594:Lal Kunwar
6589:Kanhopatra
5067:2010043820
4996:2020050234
4963:2019025066
4856:2004312822
4806:2008023613
4653:. Zubaan.
4621:2019016737
4435:lc91907832
4406:2016008321
4020:9 November
3600:10 October
3260:21 January
3222:21 January
3195:20 January
3170:20 January
3144:20 January
3119:20 January
3093:20 January
3067:20 January
3040:20 January
3015:20 January
2772:24 January
2744:22 January
2717:22 January
2691:22 January
2665:22 January
2639:22 January
2612:22 January
2606:lawbeat.in
2585:22 January
2558:22 January
2532:22 January
2505:22 January
2499:ylcube.com
2281:13 October
2113:22 January
1685:7 November
1630:20 October
1604:20 January
1556:20 January
1396:wcd.nic.in
1376:References
1295:, won the
1270:Love Sonia
1245:Manoranjan
1224:Begum Jaan
1145:Umrao Jaan
1127:Umrao Jaan
1116:Mughal era
1087:nagarvadhu
1069:Vasantsena
1016:See also:
989:Bangladesh
970:Uzbekistan
962:Azerbaijan
721:call girls
717:prostitute
573:G. B. Road
558:Shivdaspur
469:A lane in
418:Prevalence
373:Nightclubs
349:Call girls
263:trafficked
185:South Asia
68:soliciting
9073:Sex magic
9051:Mormonism
8968:sexuality
8823:Urolagnia
8813:Tribadism
8761:Sexercise
8739:Irrumatio
8724:Anilingus
8682:Fingering
8662:Group sex
8657:Gang bang
8627:Fetishism
8602:Child sex
8456:Polyamory
8436:Free love
8298:Obscenity
8222:diversity
8134:Andrology
8096:education
8061:Pregnancy
7891:Sexuality
7881:Feudalism
7876:Colourism
7860:Fake news
7785:Epidemics
7752:Terrorism
7499:Polyandry
7392:Education
7362:Transport
7345:Clearance
7192:Hong Kong
7146:Palestine
7071:Sri Lanka
7066:Singapore
6946:Indonesia
6730:Meghadƫta
6651:Amar Prem
6308:145166694
5988:146576721
5804:145288117
5760:220586230
5664:146640028
5104:218892328
5035:244538097
4930:142882920
4922:1369-801X
4588:234851831
4580:1467-7660
4474:. UNESCO.
4265:0971-751X
4257:The Hindu
3871:india.com
3828:Scroll.in
3571:23 August
3533:cite news
3523:23 August
3518:0971-751X
3510:The Hindu
2984:"SANGRAM"
2927:Dominic.
2816:gaatw.org
2608:. LawBeat
2352:144250345
2318:146273713
2252:144250345
2090:161453756
2050:The Hindu
2031:197700400
1990:145131069
1974:Routledge
1750:146803616
1742:1095-5143
1319:Dance bar
1299:in 2004.
1289:Sonagachi
1212:B.A. Pass
1163:Amar Prem
1112:courtesan
1077:, a 1984
993:Sri Lanka
948:workers.
942:Sonagachi
613:Prayagraj
577:New Delhi
510:Sonagachi
494:Sonagachi
391:Phone sex
187:bringing
157:etiquette
141:courtesan
92:pandering
46:regulated
9170:Feminism
9158:Sex work
8980:Hinduism
8976:Buddhism
8912:Sex shop
8833:Cybersex
8808:Swinging
8791:Foreplay
8734:Fellatio
8714:Oral sex
8607:Creampie
8592:Bareback
8587:Anal sex
8441:Marriage
8431:Flirting
8218:Identity
8171:Sexology
8151:Safe sex
8015:Intersex
7886:Gambling
7838:Internet
7790:HIV/AIDS
7780:Diabetes
7603:Feminism
7583:Devadasi
7520:Abortion
7513:Children
7504:Polygyny
7400:Literacy
7215:Category
7136:Abkhazia
7086:Thailand
7041:Pakistan
7021:Mongolia
7016:Maldives
7011:Malaysia
6911:Cambodia
6817:Zubeidaa
6737:Pakeezah
6629:Zohrabai
6614:Roopmati
6559:Amrapali
6543:Prajwala
6300:41683035
6267:11154525
6230:40003399
6188:44158453
6167:25664387
6096:11639269
6028:62832706
6020:20108776
5980:24756411
5937:30006793
5894:30252879
5854:PLOS ONE
5841:13898677
5833:21266706
5796:25677306
5752:32672518
5717:32609731
5677:PLOS ONE
5635:18817576
5590:24586416
5550:PLOS ONE
5536:24023877
5496:PLOS ONE
5483:31798984
5439:26286343
5396:45216575
5388:24236895
5358:30532209
5313:25583373
5270:29286294
5262:19392742
5227:22043037
5184:25301669
5141:58569951
5133:30617663
5096:32452748
5051:. 2011.
4875:(2013).
4041:The Week
3894:Archived
3800:Archived
3566:Zee News
3449:Archived
3425:Archived
3401:BBC News
2914:BBC News
2906:Archived
2890:BBC News
2882:Archived
2858:Archived
2835:BBC News
2790:Archived
2501:. YLCube
2480:29766813
2209:BBC News
1874:16846602
1808:(2011).
1792:15104876
1510:31 March
1487:BBC News
1307:See also
1273:(2018),
1267:(2014),
1261:(2008),
1248:(1974),
1242:(2014),
1236:(2008),
1227:(2017).
1215:(2013),
1209:(2009),
1203:(2007),
1196:(2003),
1190:(2001),
1184:(2002),
1178:(1983),
1166:(1972),
1160:(1985),
1154:(1984),
1151:Sharaabi
1136:(1985),
1130:(1981),
1124:(1972),
1121:Pakeezah
1103:(1966).
1100:Amrapali
1091:Vaishali
1083:Amrapali
1065:Ćhudraka
741:earnings
709:sex work
642:brothels
609:Meergunj
452:Research
446:children
411:STI/STDs
387:Cybersex
333:Brothels
306:â
230:brothels
212:and the
189:Japanese
36:brothels
9108:Portals
9068:Thelema
9034:Judaism
8939:Sex toy
8868:Erotica
8756:Quickie
8751:Pompoir
8687:Handjob
8642:Footjob
8632:Fisting
8471:Romance
8446:Modesty
8408:society
8360:History
8144:Urology
7992:biology
7975:Outline
7810:Suicide
7805:Obesity
7795:Leprosy
7405:Ragging
7318:Poverty
7275:Economy
7111:Vietnam
7026:Myanmar
7006:Lebanon
6936:Georgia
6891:Bahrain
6881:Armenia
6795:(novel)
6679:Chameli
6634:Zubeida
6538:Sanlaap
6388:General
6259:4065224
6209:4411265
6146:4400383
6125:3520437
6088:4617154
5928:6330243
5885:6155505
5862:Bibcode
5708:7329078
5685:Bibcode
5626:2569945
5581:3930672
5558:Bibcode
5527:3759393
5504:Bibcode
5474:6861099
5430:4799261
5349:6289426
5304:4382371
5218:3247788
5175:4425944
4322:YouTube
4231:WMAZ-TV
4208:Amprali
4168:28 July
3980:19 June
3911:"India"
3855:, 2001.
3782:Reuters
2798:CNN-IBN
2189:25 July
1916:3818710
1660:21 July
1293:Kolkata
1264:Lakshmi
1201:, Sadak
1193:Chameli
1172:(1975)
1114:in the
935:Kolkata
886:is the
835:Sanlaap
783:Brothel
759:procure
748:brothel
673:Brothel
638:Clients
622:de jure
591:Gwalior
514:Kolkata
397:Devdasi
296:nartika
292:devdasi
280:Puranas
254:chaklas
216:of the
131:History
104:Kolkata
88:pimping
76:brothel
40:pimping
9024:Daoism
8927:Female
8890:Sacred
8803:Sumata
8622:Facial
8612:Edging
8288:Incest
8109:Condom
8091:Health
8035:Female
8030:Orgasm
8020:Libido
7772:Health
7628:Sexism
7457:Family
7298:Labour
7288:Famine
7156:Taiwan
7091:Turkey
7056:Russia
6991:Kuwait
6971:Jordan
6961:Israel
6921:Cyprus
6906:Brunei
6901:Bhutan
6779:Tawaif
6765:Sadhna
6751:Pyaasa
6708:Devdas
6700:Devdas
6665:Bazaar
6466:Tawaif
6306:
6298:
6265:
6257:
6228:
6207:
6186:
6165:
6144:
6123:
6094:
6086:
6065:
6055:
6026:
6018:
5986:
5978:
5935:
5925:
5892:
5882:
5839:
5831:
5802:
5794:
5758:
5750:
5715:
5705:
5662:
5633:
5623:
5609:: 22.
5588:
5578:
5534:
5524:
5481:
5471:
5437:
5427:
5394:
5386:
5356:
5346:
5311:
5301:
5268:
5260:
5225:
5215:
5182:
5172:
5139:
5131:
5102:
5094:
5065:
5055:
5033:
5023:
4994:
4984:
4961:
4951:
4928:
4920:
4885:
4854:
4844:
4823:
4804:
4794:
4769:
4748:
4727:
4702:
4678:
4657:
4636:
4619:
4609:
4586:
4578:
4543:
4518:
4452:
4433:
4423:
4404:
4394:
4369:
4350:
4270:24 May
4263:
4236:24 May
4194:"Iran"
3806:8 July
3516:
3407:22 May
2943:11 May
2840:22 May
2478:
2445:
2418:
2376:
2350:
2316:
2275:XLVIII
2250:
2167:
2138:
2088:
2029:
1988:
1914:
1882:557597
1880:
1872:
1830:
1790:
1748:
1740:
1254:(2001)
1181:Devdas
1169:Mausam
1133:Tawaif
1108:tawaif
1081:film.
1039:Tier 2
983:, the
966:Russia
931:Mumbai
884:Bengal
602:Meerut
584:Nagpur
525:Mumbai
300:tawaif
288:apsara
224:, the
205:nautch
180:lascar
145:Mughal
139:was a
137:tawaif
116:UNAIDS
112:Nagpur
110:, and
96:Mumbai
56:
50:
32:
26:
9122:India
9029:Islam
8922:Child
8549:Japan
8544:India
8539:China
7906:Hijra
7825:Media
7709:Crime
7656:Dalit
7565:Women
7340:Slums
7197:Macau
7116:Yemen
7076:Syria
7051:Qatar
7031:Nepal
6966:Japan
6941:India
6931:Egypt
6916:China
6758:Sadak
6723:Mandi
6693:Dev.D
6304:S2CID
6296:JSTOR
6255:JSTOR
6226:JSTOR
6205:JSTOR
6184:JSTOR
6163:JSTOR
6142:JSTOR
6121:JSTOR
6084:JSTOR
6063:JSTOR
6024:S2CID
6016:JSTOR
5984:S2CID
5976:JSTOR
5837:S2CID
5800:S2CID
5792:JSTOR
5772:(PDF)
5756:S2CID
5660:S2CID
5392:S2CID
5266:S2CID
5137:S2CID
5100:S2CID
5031:S2CID
4926:S2CID
4584:S2CID
3956:(PDF)
3933:(PDF)
3735:(PDF)
3728:(PDF)
3646:(PDF)
2970:(PDF)
2963:(PDF)
2866:UNODC
2476:JSTOR
2348:S2CID
2314:S2CID
2248:S2CID
2086:S2CID
2027:S2CID
1986:S2CID
1972:(5).
1878:S2CID
1746:S2CID
1218:Thira
1206:Dev D
1175:Mandi
1079:Hindi
1074:Utsav
981:Japan
902:Nepal
752:hotel
737:Pimps
729:yards
687:, or
551:Bihar
504:are:
276:epics
265:into
193:Japan
149:mujra
100:Delhi
80:hotel
8978:and
8944:Doll
8652:Frot
8597:BDSM
8406:and
8313:Rape
8220:and
8037:and
7990:and
7896:LGBT
7623:Sati
7618:Rape
7036:Oman
7001:Laos
6956:Iraq
6951:Iran
6263:PMID
6092:PMID
6053:ISBN
5933:PMID
5890:PMID
5829:PMID
5748:PMID
5713:PMID
5631:PMID
5586:PMID
5532:PMID
5479:PMID
5435:PMID
5384:PMID
5354:PMID
5309:PMID
5258:PMID
5223:PMID
5180:PMID
5129:PMID
5092:PMID
5063:LCCN
5053:ISBN
5021:ISBN
4992:LCCN
4982:ISBN
4959:LCCN
4949:ISBN
4918:ISSN
4883:ISBN
4852:LCCN
4842:ISBN
4821:ISBN
4802:LCCN
4792:ISBN
4767:ISBN
4746:ISBN
4725:ISBN
4700:ISBN
4676:ISBN
4655:ISBN
4634:ISBN
4617:LCCN
4607:ISBN
4576:ISSN
4541:ISBN
4516:ISBN
4450:ISBN
4431:LCCN
4421:ISBN
4402:LCCN
4392:ISBN
4367:ISBN
4348:ISBN
4304:2008
4272:2020
4261:ISSN
4238:2020
4213:IMDb
4170:2018
4135:2015
4105:2015
4079:2015
4053:2015
4022:2015
3982:2010
3941:1998
3878:2015
3836:2022
3808:2012
3711:2015
3685:2016
3654:2016
3629:2013
3602:2008
3573:2022
3545:help
3525:2022
3514:ISSN
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