1229:
1186:
4453:
6772:
6762:
6150:
5166:
6802:
6792:
40:
6812:
6782:
6160:
404:, autobiographies, or oral interviews that were taken years later. Sometimes the only evidence relating to an event or person in the distant past was written or copied decades or centuries later. Manuscripts that are sources for classical texts can be copies of documents or fragments of copies of documents. This is a common problem in
3922:
489:
may misunderstand events or distort their reports, deliberately or not, to enhance their own image or importance. Such effects can increase over time, as people create a narrative that may not be accurate. For any source, primary or secondary, it is important for the researcher to evaluate the amount
131:
In scholarly writing, an important objective of classifying sources is to determine their independence and reliability. In contexts such as historical writing, it is almost always advisable to use primary sources and that "if none are available, it is only with great caution that may proceed to make
872:
t is through the primary sources that the past indisputably imposes its reality on the historian. That this imposition is basic in any understanding of the past is clear from the rules that documents should not be altered, or that any material damaging to a historian's argument or purpose should not
420:
However, primary sources – particularly those from before the 20th century – may have hidden challenges. "Primary sources, in fact, are usually fragmentary, ambiguous, and very difficult to analyze and interpret." Obsolete meanings of familiar words and social context are among the traps that await
242:
In historiography, when the study of history is subject to historical scrutiny, a secondary source becomes a primary source. For a biography of a historian, that historian's publications would be primary sources. Documentary films can be considered a secondary source or primary source, depending on
526:
If a historical text discusses old documents to derive a new historical conclusion, it is considered to be a primary source for the new conclusion. Examples in which a source can be both primary and secondary include an obituary or a survey of several volumes of a journal counting the frequency of
399:
says "Primary sources are absolutely fundamental to history." Ideally, a historian will use all available primary sources that were created by the people involved at the time being studied. In practice, some sources have been destroyed, while others are not available for research. Perhaps the only
109:
would be considered a primary source in research concerning its author or about their friends characterized within it, but the same memoir would be a secondary source if it were used to examine the culture in which its author lived. "Primary" and "secondary" should be understood as relative terms,
530:
Whether a source is regarded as primary or secondary in a given context may change, depending upon the present state of knowledge within the field. For example, if a document refers to the contents of a previous but undiscovered letter, that document may be considered "primary", since it is the
411:
Historians studying the modern period with the intention of publishing an academic article prefer to go back to available primary sources and to seek new (in other words, forgotten or lost) ones. Primary sources, whether accurate or not, offer new input into historical questions and most modern
543:
Historians must occasionally contend with forged documents that purport to be primary sources. These forgeries have usually been constructed with a fraudulent purpose, such as promulgating legal rights, supporting false pedigrees, or promoting particular interpretations of historic events. The
344:
provides a consolidated search of its own catalog and a wide variety of other archives listed on the Access to
Archives index. Digital copies of various classes of documents at the National Archives (including wills) are available from DocumentsOnline. Most of the available documents relate to
429:
In many fields and contexts, such as historical writing, it is almost always advisable to use primary sources if possible, and "if none are available, it is only with great caution that may proceed to make use of secondary sources." In addition, primary sources avoid the problem inherent in
172:, the main primary sources are books, essays, and letters written by intellectuals; these intellectuals may include historians, whose books and essays are therefore considered primary sources for the intellectual historian, though they are secondary sources in their own topical fields. In
302:. These can be public or private. Some are affiliated with universities and colleges, while others are government entities. Materials relating to one area might be located in many different institutions. These can be distant from the original source of the document. For example, the
124:
3216:
5302:
152:
as a way to trace the history of historical ideas, they have been applied to many other fields. For example, these ideas may be used to trace the history of scientific theories, literary elements, and other information that is passed from one author to another.
1368:. Indeed, in most instances the very nature of a primary source tells us that it is actually derivative.…istorians have no choice but to regard certain of the available sources as 'primary' since they are as near to truly original sources as they can now secure
4657:
873:
be left out or suppressed. These rules mean that the sources or texts of the past have integrity and that they do indeed 'speak for themselves', and that they are necessary constraints through which past reality imposes itself on the historian.
416:
and special collections for the purpose of finding useful primary sources. A work on history is not likely to be taken seriously as a scholarship if it only cites secondary sources, as it does not indicate that original research has been done.
3262:
3250:
421:
the newcomer to historical studies. For this reason, the interpretation of primary texts is typically taught as part of an advanced college or postgraduate history course, although advanced self-study or informal training is also possible.
105:, which cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources. Generally, accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight are secondary. A secondary source may also be a primary source depending on how it is used. For example, a
522:
sources is subjective and contextual, so that precise definitions are difficult to make. A book review, when it contains the opinion of the reviewer about the book rather than a summary of the book, becomes a primary source.
3647:
534:
In some instances, the reason for identifying a text as the "primary source" may devolve from the fact that no copy of the original source material exists, or that it is the oldest extant source for the information cited.
132:
use of secondary sources." Sreedharan believes that primary sources have the most direct connection to the past and that they "speak for themselves" in ways that cannot be captured through the filter of secondary sources.
195:
could include fictional sources such as novels or plays. In a broader sense primary sources also include artifacts like photographs, newsreels, coins, paintings or buildings created at the time. Historians may also take
470:, can be well documented, and are often written by historians working in institutions where methodological accuracy is important to the future of the author's career and reputation. Historians consider the accuracy and
1410:
The same chronicle can be a primary source for the period contemporary with the author, a secondary source for earlier material derived from previous works, but also a primary source when these earlier works have not
3889:
1056:
The analysis of secondary source information is problematic. The further an investigator is from the primary source, the more distorted the information may be. Again, each new person may put his or her spin on the
1012:
Marwick, Arthur. "Primary
Sources: Handle with Care". In Sources and Methods for Family and Community Historians: A Handbook edited by Michael Drake and Ruth Finnegan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
4652:
1710:
3238:
5371:
6555:
812:
he distinction is not a sharp one. Since a source is only a source in a specific historical context, the same source object can be both a primary or secondary source according to what it is used for.
258:, a primary source could be defined as something that was created either during the time period being studied or afterward by individuals reflecting on their involvement in the events of that time.
4808:
4448:
408:, where sometimes only a summary of a book or letter has survived. Potential difficulties with primary sources have the result that history is usually taught in schools using secondary sources.
3917:
349:. Many County Record Offices collections are included in Access to Archives, while others have their own online catalogs. Many County Record Offices will supply digital copies of documents.
4848:
3035:
87:, recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study. It serves as an original source of information about the topic. Similar definitions can be used in
4024:
5866:
5241:
5253:
3233:
5297:
4966:
4019:
3652:
3211:
3934:
5451:
5427:
5395:
5285:
272:, a primary source could be defined as a report of original findings or ideas. These sources often appear in the form of research articles with sections on methods and results.
5439:
5334:
265:, the definition of a primary source would be expanded to include numerical data that has been gathered to analyze relationships between people, events, and their environment.
164:, primary sources are documents such as official reports, speeches, pamphlets, posters, or letters by participants, official election returns, and eyewitness accounts. In the
4038:
3635:
5498:
3003:
4767:
3344:
5680:
3199:
5726:
5493:
4911:
2533:
1364:
he term 'primary' inevitably carries a relative meaning insofar as it defines those pieces of information that stand in closest relationship to an event or process
395:
History as an academic discipline is based on primary sources, as evaluated by the community of scholars, who report their findings in books, articles, and papers.
3659:
3549:
3257:
3049:
6197:
5708:
4431:
5503:
3616:
3467:
3450:
855:
571:
to support a claim to land where the original document had been lost or never existed. One particularly unusual forgery of a primary source was perpetrated by
6433:
6000:
4566:
1393:
474:
of the primary sources that they are using and historians subject both primary and secondary sources to a high level of scrutiny. A primary source such as a
4793:
592:
3711:
2924:
5478:
5005:
4616:
4492:
2694:
4057:
4002:
31:
4074:
5994:
4282:
4062:
6006:
5483:
5376:
5339:
5140:
3929:
514:
Many sources can be considered either primary or secondary, depending on the context in which they are examined. Moreover, the distinction between
434:
A history, whose author draws conclusions from other than primary sources or secondary sources actually based on primary sources, is by definition
5319:
5054:
2275:
5638:
214:
tell a story or message. They are not limited to fictional sources (which can be sources of information for contemporary attitudes) but include
5533:
5117:
5029:
3337:
1755:
6362:
5856:
5628:
5488:
5275:
4772:
3527:
506:
are taught that evidence in a court case may be truthful but may still be distorted to support or oppose the position of one of the parties.
707:
4693:
3298:
322:
1304:
6795:
6190:
5615:
5221:
4890:
4592:
4043:
3517:
140:
In scholarly writing, the objective of classifying sources is to determine the independence and reliability of sources. Though the terms
1614:
5800:
5468:
5422:
5061:
4358:
3610:
3061:
5417:
5412:
5107:
3777:
5309:
3040:
6130:
4717:
4416:
2919:
1789:
993:
4971:
1270:
160:, a primary source, or the "primary literature", is the original publication of a scientist's new data, results, and theories. In
6560:
5871:
5346:
4853:
4688:
4502:
4426:
4014:
3115:
4868:
3884:
6691:
6183:
5770:
5456:
5444:
5432:
5400:
5314:
5290:
5258:
5246:
4947:
4929:
4880:
4534:
3822:
3125:
2108:
729:
490:
and direction of bias. As an example, a government report may be an accurate and unbiased description of events, but it may be
341:
745:
5966:
5805:
5216:
4275:
3204:
1576:
1553:
1532:
1084:
838:
6706:
5951:
5795:
5563:
5102:
5071:
4541:
4472:
4188:
4124:
4102:
3783:
3026:
2306:
1747:
1700:
3054:
6733:
5081:
4859:
4737:
4727:
4517:
4363:
4198:
3400:
3130:
3080:
1822:
5407:
3640:
6605:
5961:
5036:
4798:
4161:
3943:
3482:
1719:
1602:
Database of mailed letters to and from soldiers during major world conflicts from the
Napoleonic Wars to World War Two.
17:
4436:
1715:
250:
The definition of a primary source varies depending upon the academic discipline and the context in which it is used.
6470:
5643:
4546:
4512:
4497:
3492:
3332:
3327:
3315:
2778:
1617:
describing holdings of manuscripts, archives, rare books, historical photographs, and other primary sources from the
1513:
1494:
1422:
Everyone has Roots: An
Introduction to English Genealogy by Anthony J. Camp, published by Genealogical Pub. Co., 1978
1403:
1314:
1111:
1018:
937:
865:
805:
330:
4600:
3583:
1223:
he same document can be a primary or a secondary source depending on the particular analysis the historian is doing.
5543:
5169:
4885:
4561:
4524:
4397:
4268:
3098:
3093:
2752:
1690:
531:
closest known thing to an original source; but if the letter is later found, it may then be considered "secondary"
4722:
4668:
4529:
3088:
2929:
448:
However, a primary source is not necessarily more of an authority or better than a secondary source. There can be
430:
secondary sources in which each new author may distort and put a new spin on the findings of prior cited authors.
6815:
6718:
6575:
6493:
6163:
5585:
4628:
4610:
4443:
4134:
3103:
2956:
2486:
2104:
885:
98:, a primary source can be a person with direct knowledge of a situation, or a document written by such a person.
3445:
6565:
5765:
5757:
5720:
5702:
5523:
5356:
5211:
5066:
5014:
4987:
4749:
4346:
4144:
3955:
3810:
3522:
3477:
3462:
2986:
1729:
1030:
Ross, Jeffrey Ian (2004). "Taking Stock of
Research Methods and Analysis on Oppositional Political Terrorism".
953:
902:
572:
2538:
1330:
Henige, David (1986). "Primary Source by
Primary Source? On the Role of Epidemics in New World Depopulation".
5861:
5829:
5752:
5558:
4585:
4477:
4351:
3472:
3395:
3349:
2044:
346:
5265:
4921:
6851:
6836:
6713:
6681:
6528:
6518:
6488:
6423:
6052:
5914:
5731:
5361:
5329:
4818:
3970:
3030:
1861:
1782:
1650:
4678:
3730:
6696:
6498:
6318:
6123:
5956:
5822:
5714:
5692:
4895:
4863:
4813:
4621:
4571:
4462:
4203:
3965:
3841:
3835:
3816:
3021:
2850:
2733:
2280:
1627:
1599:
4339:
3992:
6856:
6805:
6785:
6632:
6043:
5920:
5897:
5782:
5685:
5623:
5595:
5231:
5044:
4777:
4551:
4208:
4139:
3794:
3664:
3593:
2738:
2572:
2562:
333:
searches across the digitized primary source collections of many libraries, archives, and museums. The
5000:
3948:
3879:
3769:
6745:
6728:
6701:
6686:
6218:
6068:
5978:
5324:
3676:
3157:
2699:
2528:
2180:
200:
and oral reports and interviews into consideration. Written sources may be divided into three types.
48:
4067:
1228:
1185:
371:
Most primary source materials are not digitized and may only be represented online with a record or
6775:
6460:
6357:
6063:
4843:
4823:
4380:
4314:
4149:
3724:
3194:
2981:
2938:
2729:
2426:
770:
27:
A primary source is an account of an event created by someone who took part of witnessed the event.
4178:
599:. However, historians dealing with recent centuries rarely encounter forgeries of any importance.
591:, which were later proved to be forgeries. Recently, forged documents have been placed within the
6846:
6428:
6153:
6058:
5553:
4995:
4232:
4171:
4097:
3960:
3741:
3497:
3310:
3305:
3283:
3245:
3225:
2859:
2855:
2672:
2545:
2508:
2491:
2311:
1775:
1739:
1725:
556:
4370:
4334:
1605:
703:
246:
The
Lafayette College Library provides a synopsis of primary sources in several areas of study:
6545:
6540:
6443:
6399:
5887:
5839:
5834:
4803:
4757:
4606:
4112:
3566:
3539:
3509:
3373:
3320:
3137:
3013:
2908:
2748:
2743:
2601:
2567:
2555:
2550:
2513:
2463:
2321:
2301:
1987:
1932:
828:
197:
91:
and other areas of scholarship, although different fields have somewhat different definitions.
68:
5366:
3621:
1455:
1076:
795:
110:
with sources categorized according to specific historical contexts and what is being studied.
6550:
6450:
6011:
5902:
5882:
5747:
5697:
5590:
5580:
5270:
5236:
5145:
4156:
3894:
3789:
3716:
3588:
2991:
2708:
2662:
2657:
2606:
2270:
2251:
2067:
1962:
1243:
676:
471:
357:
157:
5815:
5226:
4762:
1432:
1140:
6668:
6653:
6610:
6570:
6503:
6384:
6313:
6098:
5575:
4916:
4633:
3988:
3828:
3561:
3437:
3408:
3179:
2841:
2815:
2762:
2596:
2523:
2368:
2333:
2287:
2255:
2133:
1847:
1670:
560:
309:
In the US, digital copies of primary sources can be retrieved from a number of places. The
295:
169:
6241:
3869:
8:
6658:
6590:
6535:
6438:
6369:
5892:
4638:
4052:
3759:
3455:
2667:
2579:
2338:
1972:
1937:
1840:
1735:
1706:
1618:
651:
318:
310:
299:
5390:
4960:
4375:
4079:
2687:
990:
6765:
6740:
6723:
6600:
6595:
6513:
6251:
6118:
6113:
6048:
5931:
5844:
5675:
5351:
4683:
4467:
3532:
3487:
2846:
2802:
2757:
2380:
2326:
2247:
1818:
1347:
1278:
1101:
1047:
973:
303:
3388:
6676:
6637:
6620:
6455:
6404:
6283:
6246:
5936:
5790:
5538:
4835:
3846:
3685:
3110:
2869:
2808:
2767:
2584:
2469:
2405:
2316:
2293:
2237:
2145:
1878:
1572:
1549:
1543:
1528:
1509:
1490:
1399:
1355:
1310:
1200:
1153:
1107:
1080:
1051:
1014:
933:
861:
834:
801:
666:
641:
626:
584:
456:
Original material may be... prejudiced, or at least not exactly what it claims to be.
405:
313:
maintains several digital collections where they can be retrieved. Some examples are
173:
161:
6841:
6625:
6508:
6347:
6340:
6308:
6226:
6103:
5810:
5633:
5609:
5570:
5150:
4307:
3697:
3556:
3544:
2836:
2796:
2791:
2616:
2503:
2438:
2265:
2260:
2242:
2100:
1901:
1854:
1339:
1268:
1212:
1165:
1039:
965:
742:
681:
656:
636:
576:
375:. Both digitized and not digitized materials can be found through catalogs such as
334:
219:
192:
165:
102:
3425:
1696:
478:
entry (or the online version, a blog), at best, may only reflect one individual's
238:
are records created by organizations, such as registers of births and tax records.
6585:
6523:
6480:
6379:
6374:
6330:
6293:
6278:
6256:
6210:
5528:
5135:
4709:
4385:
3749:
3571:
3356:
3120:
2946:
2591:
1906:
1751:
1631:
1070:
997:
749:
661:
345:
England and Wales. Some digital copies of primary sources are available from the
269:
177:
88:
6175:
3629:
1744:
6615:
6465:
6352:
6335:
6325:
6288:
6268:
6261:
6236:
5909:
5600:
5019:
4647:
4643:
4294:
3912:
3851:
3691:
3162:
2996:
2784:
2772:
2458:
2343:
2019:
2004:
1994:
1798:
631:
588:
466:
The errors may be corrected in secondary sources, which are often subjected to
396:
361:
262:
149:
5849:
559:
to bolster the Papacy's secular power. Among the earliest forgeries are false
6830:
6580:
6303:
5989:
5941:
5383:
5009:
3172:
2496:
2477:
2421:
2375:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2207:
2202:
2079:
2072:
766:
671:
580:
384:
282:
Although many primary sources remain in private hands, others are located in
84:
32:
Knowledge:No original research § Primary, secondary and tertiary sources
6389:
4107:
3754:
3576:
3419:
3275:
2724:
2682:
2611:
2348:
2233:
2187:
2175:
2118:
2084:
1686:
1609:
1506:
Using
Internet Primary Sources to Teach Critical Thinking Skills in History
1392:
Ambraseys, Nicholas; Melville, Charles Peter; Adams, Robin
Dartrey (1994).
1359:
47:
is an example of a primary source about people in
Pompeii in Roman times (
6394:
6273:
6108:
4390:
4032:
4008:
3378:
3366:
3288:
2864:
2677:
2481:
2217:
2165:
2140:
2123:
2062:
1674:
1635:
1217:
1170:
646:
545:
467:
372:
5280:
1643:
Digitalized Primary Sources and Historical Artifacts from 1786 – present
6298:
5946:
4953:
4596:
4166:
2828:
2416:
2170:
2128:
2114:
1982:
1967:
1043:
977:
596:
499:
491:
255:
181:
95:
80:
1351:
6415:
4873:
3997:
3874:
3704:
3187:
2518:
2197:
2192:
2155:
2150:
2014:
1957:
1942:
1811:
1709:– Example of a publication focusing on primary source documents- the
1277:. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Archived from
1103:
Enjoying archives: what they are, where to find them, how to use them
614:
564:
544:
investigation of documents to determine their authenticity is called
503:
353:
287:
205:
1754:
used when describing archival and other primary source materials on
969:
482:
on events, which may or may not be truthful, accurate, or complete.
5548:
4291:
2212:
2160:
1343:
495:
376:
283:
72:
6231:
6206:
1999:
1977:
1927:
1831:
1767:
486:
479:
435:
413:
229:
185:
56:
44:
39:
1760:
1681:
Essays and descriptions of primary, secondary, and other sources
2432:
2009:
1922:
1646:
1525:
Historian's Handbook: A Key to the Study and Writing of History
964:(3). The American Historical Review, Vol. 100, No. 3: 741–764.
452:
and tacit unconscious views that twist historical information.
401:
291:
106:
3067:
2964:
2825:
1947:
1624:
568:
475:
365:
306:
in California houses many documents from the United Kingdom.
215:
76:
1456:"Forgeries revealed in the National Archives – Times Online"
1269:
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2011).
380:
326:
314:
232:
and other legal documents which usually follow a set format.
123:
1952:
1600:
Primary Sources from World War One and Two: War-letters.com
1569:
To the Sources: Introduction to Historical Source Criticism
1152:
Dalton, Margaret Stieg; Charnigo, Laurie (September 2004).
930:
From reliable sources: an introduction to historical method
563:, a number of 11th- and 12th-century forgeries produced by
552:
449:
1697:"How to distinguish between primary and secondary sources"
1640:
1072:
Research Process in Physical Education and Sports Sciences
932:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. pp. 20–22.
30:
For Knowledge's policy on the use of primary sources, see
1662:
956:(1995). "Historical Truth: An Interview with Ken Burns".
4415:
830:
Between Two Cultures:An Introduction to Economic History
113:
5709:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
218:, films, biographies, leading philosophical works, and
127:
From a letter of Philip II, King of Spain, 16th century
1391:
1306:
History of Medicine: A Scandalously Short Introduction
243:
how much the filmmaker modifies the original sources.
6001:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
1634:
in the collections of major research libraries using
1565:
Til kilderne!: introduktion til historisk kildekritik
356:
has digitized materials from across Europe while the
4849:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
1606:
Fold3.com – Over 60,000,000 Primary Source Documents
1338:(3). Ethnohistory, Vol. 33, No. 3: 292–312, at 292.
1139:
Library of Congress, " Analysis of Primary Sources"
1649:A collection of religious texts and books from the
857:
A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000
502:to present the opposing sides in a negative light.
337:also has primary source materials in many formats.
4809:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
4667:
2449:
6205:
5467:
6828:
1395:The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia, and the Red Sea
1201:"Future Historians: Their Quest for Information"
1199:Delgadillo, Roberto; Lynch, Beverly (May 1999).
797:An Introduction to the Historiography of Science
732:". University Libraries, University of Maryland.
6033:
2276:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1673:project that collects, edits, and catalogs all
1198:
927:
1763:Links to many online history archival sources.
1151:
928:Howell, Martha C.; Prevenier, Walter. (2001).
43:This wall painting found in the Roman city of
6191:
5857:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
5727:Western European colonialism and colonization
4276:
1783:
1711:Historical Association of Joan of Arc Studies
1542:Marius, Richard; Page, Melvin Eugene (2005).
4187:
1309:. University of Toronto Press. p. 366.
1262:
1068:
323:National Archives and Records Administration
4290:
1738:from the Center for History and New Media,
1571:] (in Danish). København: Gads Forlag.
800:. Cambridge University Press. p. 121.
424:
6791:
6198:
6184:
4283:
4269:
1790:
1776:
1154:"Historians and Their Information Sources"
1008:
1006:
853:
277:
4912:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1398:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7.
1298:
1296:
1241:
1235:
1216:
1169:
822:
820:
762:
760:
758:
6131:Historical geographic information system
2897:
1736:Finding primary sources in world history
1126:Barbara W. Sommer and Mary Kay Quinlan,
1075:. Friends Publications (India). p.
390:
122:
38:
1453:
1099:
1003:
826:
789:
787:
785:
783:
730:Primary, secondary and tertiary sources
101:Primary sources are distinguished from
14:
6829:
5771:English historical school of economics
3823:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
1877:
1545:A short guide to writing about history
1379:
1329:
1302:
1293:
952:
817:
755:
509:
400:eyewitness reports of an event may be
6179:
6087:
6032:
5967:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
5806:Historical reliability of the Gospels
5664:
5191:
4264:
4253:
2896:
2639:
2403:
2042:
1876:
1771:
1366:in the present state of our knowledge
833:. W. W. Norton & Co. p. 27.
793:
412:history revolves around heavy use of
114:Significance of source classification
6781:
6159:
4254:
3784:More Irish than the Irish themselves
1701:University of California, Santa Cruz
1029:
780:
710:from the original on 18 January 2018
595:in the hope of establishing a false
368:has primary sources from Australia.
364:have items from all over the world.
6811:
4854:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
2043:
1707:Joan of Arc: Primary Sources Series
1563:Olden-Jørgensen, Sebastian (2005).
1106:. Newton Abbot, David and Charles.
907:Research Guides at Tufts University
892:, Session 5, accessed 22 March 2023
24:
5867:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
3811:Fourth Italian War of Independence
1797:
1726:"Primary versus secondary sources"
1720:University of California, Berkeley
1716:Finding Historical Primary Sources
25:
6868:
6471:Library and information scientist
1587:
1508:. Westwood, CT: Greenwood Press.
1433:"Introduction to record class R4"
991:"Primary Sources: what are they?"
775:Harvard Guide to American History
701:
331:Digital Public Library of America
6810:
6800:
6790:
6780:
6771:
6770:
6761:
6760:
6158:
6149:
6148:
5665:
5165:
5164:
5006:Palestinian expulsion and flight
3518:5000-year civilization assertion
3094:Nadir of American race relations
1691:University of Maryland Libraries
1687:"Research Using Primary Sources"
1527:(2nd ed.). Waveland Press.
1489:. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
1227:
1205:College & Research Libraries
1184:
1158:College & Research Libraries
890:Succeeding in postgraduate study
325:also has digital collections in
6801:
6494:Library and information science
5995:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
4869:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
4804:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
4611:Causes of the Armenian genocide
2920:Pyramid construction techniques
2487:Comparative historical research
2404:
2105:Library and information science
1615:A listing of over 5000 websites
1477:
1447:
1425:
1416:
1385:
1373:
1323:
1192:
1145:
1133:
1120:
1093:
1062:
1023:
984:
946:
921:
860:. Orient Longman. p. 302.
135:
6566:Electronic resource management
6007:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5957:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
5766:Historical school of economics
5703:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
5141:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5015:Zionism as settler colonialism
4020:Limpieza de sangre controversy
2987:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
1730:Bowling Green State University
895:
878:
847:
735:
722:
695:
180:and descriptions of religious
13:
1:
5816:Opposition to Papal supremacy
5192:
3004:Indigenous population history
1641:Shapell Manuscript Foundation
1548:. New York: Pearson Longman.
1454:Leppard, David (4 May 2008).
1275:Scholarly definition document
1248:Scholarly definition document
743:Primary and secondary sources
704:"Journalism: Primary Sources"
688:
527:articles on a certain topic.
494:or altered for propaganda or
347:National Archives of Scotland
59:as an academic discipline, a
5732:Desacralization of knowledge
4003:Carlism in the Francoist era
3971:Holodomor in modern politics
2640:
1651:Internet Sacred Text Archive
1594:Primary sources repositories
1487:A Student's Guide to History
1000:. Lafayette College Library.
903:"Primary Sources – Religion"
538:
7:
6499:Education for librarianship
6124:Historiographic metafiction
6088:
6034:Organizations, publications
5823:Proto-orthodox Christianity
4773:German resistance to Nazism
4629:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4039:Islamic revolution of Spain
3966:Holodomor genocide question
3842:Revisionism of Risorgimento
3836:Rerum italicarum scriptores
3817:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
3584:Self-Strengthening Movement
2734:decolonization of knowledge
1504:Craver, Kathleen W (1999).
1485:Benjamin, Jules R. (2004).
602:
498:purposes. The facts can be
381:Library of Congress catalog
10:
6873:
6659:History of library science
5921:Wissenschaft des Judentums
5898:Criticism of Protestantism
4778:Nazi foreign policy debate
4209:Second colonial occupation
3956:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
3594:Tibetan sovereignty debate
3138:Progressive-era historians
2573:Nationalization of history
2524:Historical-critical method
958:American Historical Review
827:Cipolla, Carlo M. (1992).
752:". Ithaca College Library.
176:, the primary sources are
118:
29:
6756:
6667:
6646:
6479:
6413:
6217:
6143:
6094:
6083:
6039:
6028:
5977:
5781:
5740:
5671:
5660:
5516:
5202:
5198:
5187:
5159:
5128:
5092:
4986:
4940:
4926:Second Sino-Japanese War
4904:
4834:
4786:
4748:
4708:
4584:
4406:
4325:
4301:
4260:
4249:
4225:
4123:
4090:
3981:
3905:
3862:
3803:
3768:
3740:
3731:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3675:
3602:
3508:
3436:
3150:
3079:
3012:
2974:
2907:
2903:
2892:
2717:
2650:
2646:
2635:
2412:
2399:
2226:
2093:
2055:
2051:
2038:
1915:
1889:
1885:
1872:
1805:
706:. Pepperdine University.
385:National Archives catalog
49:portrait of Terentius Neo
6776:Category:Library science
6461:Information professional
6358:Learning Resource Centre
5681:Crisis of historiography
4844:Auschwitz bombing debate
4530:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4381:Late Bronze Age collapse
4315:List of military museums
3918:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
3890:Polish People's Republic
3725:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3089:African-American history
3062:Colonial Spanish America
2851:Second Thirty Years' War
1657:All sources repositories
1630:27 February 2020 at the
1303:Duffin, Jacalyn (1999).
1032:The American Sociologist
771:Arthur Meier Schlesinger
425:Strengths and weaknesses
198:archaeological artifacts
4794:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
4653:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4204:Porter–MacKenzie debate
3961:Causes of the Holodomor
3498:Problem of two emperors
3446:Catilinarian conspiracy
2673:Historical significance
2534:Indiscipline of history
2509:Historical anthropology
1750:10 October 2011 at the
1740:George Mason University
1435:. The National Archives
1128:The Oral History Manual
1100:Iredale, David (1973).
996:8 February 2009 at the
854:Sreedharan, E. (2004).
557:Donation of Constantine
438:and not history at all.
278:Finding primary sources
6546:Collection development
5888:Protestant Reformation
5862:Second Vatican Council
5840:Succession to Muhammad
5835:Criticism of the Quran
5586:Religious perspectives
5320:Klemens von Metternich
4917:"Battle for Australia"
4799:Soviet offensive plans
4768:Broad vs. narrow front
4607:Late Ottoman genocides
3540:Century of humiliation
3321:Goguryeo controversies
3299:2,500-year celebration
2957:Double genocide theory
2744:Historical negationism
2568:Ancestral civilisation
2556:Historical materialism
2514:Historical determinism
2464:History of mentalities
1693:(accessed 16 Jul 2013)
1211:(3): 245–259, at 253.
886:4.1 Primary literature
464:
446:
275:
128:
52:
6551:Collective collection
6012:Torsion mangonel myth
5915:Modern Jewish history
5910:Jesuit historiography
5903:Protestant work ethic
5883:Hesychast controversy
5748:Industrial Revolution
5698:Library of Alexandria
5616:The Lord of the Rings
5266:Constantine the Great
5146:Torsion mangonel myth
5078:Sri Lankan Civil War
4157:Storm over the gentry
4058:Colonies or Provinces
3589:Sprouts of capitalism
2663:Historic preservation
2658:Change and continuity
1069:Ravinder Pal (2020).
794:Kragh, Helge (1989).
677:Scientific journalism
454:
432:
391:Using primary sources
358:World Digital Library
248:
158:scientific literature
126:
42:
6714:Library associations
6654:History of libraries
6571:Information literacy
6099:Commemorative plaque
5315:Juan Manuel de Rosas
4763:"Blitzkrieg" concept
4634:Powder keg of Europe
4509:Franco-Prussian War
4179:Winter of Discontent
4162:Suffragette Campaign
3829:Italiani brava gente
3795:Revolutionary period
3617:Frankish Interregnum
3550:"Chineseness" debate
3483:Byzantine succession
3468:Fall of Western Rome
3409:Executed Renaissance
2898:By country or region
2842:Age of Enlightenment
2816:Vaticinium ex eventu
2763:Modernisation theory
2597:Quantitative history
1973:Historical documents
1745:Guide to Terminology
1671:Wikimedia Foundation
1625:Find primary sources
1523:Gray, Wood (1991) .
1281:on 10 September 2011
1218:10.5860/crl.60.3.245
1171:10.5860/crl.65.5.400
748:1 March 2016 at the
593:UK National Archives
561:Anglo-Saxon charters
296:historical societies
170:intellectual history
6852:Information science
6837:Works about history
6591:Library instruction
6451:Periodicals/serials
6370:Special collections
5928:Schools of thought
5893:Proto-Protestantism
5762:School of Thoughts
5644:William Shakespeare
5629:Robert Falcon Scott
5534:Friedrich Nietzsche
5372:Cult of personality
5357:Neville Chamberlain
5217:Alexander the Great
5099:Russo-Georgian War
5072:Sovereignty dispute
5051:Iranian Revolution
4881:"Polish death camp"
4858:In relation to the
4567:Myth of English aid
4558:War of the Pacific
4335:Albigensian Crusade
3760:Indigenous Aryanism
3456:Constantinian shift
2992:Residential schools
2749:Historian's fallacy
2668:Historic recurrence
2166:Numismatics (Money)
1938:Archaeological site
1862:theories of history
1619:University of Idaho
652:Historical document
575:, who placed false
510:Classifying sources
319:Chronicling America
311:Library of Congress
300:special collections
6766:Category:Libraries
6633:Technical services
6601:Library publishing
6596:Library management
6424:Distance education
6119:Historical realism
6114:Historical fiction
6059:History institutes
6049:Historical society
6044:Heritage registers
5932:Biblical criticism
5845:Islamic golden age
5796:Early Christianity
5676:Bears in antiquity
5564:Medieval Christian
5362:Pedro II of Brazil
5310:José de San Martín
5114:Syrian revolution
5026:Malayan Emergency
5001:1948 Palestine war
4734:Spanish Civil War
4684:War guilt question
4493:American Civil War
4473:Invasion of Russia
4449:New Russian School
4233:Colonial Australia
3949:October Revolution
3712:Strukturgeschichte
3648:Location of Alésia
3567:Hua–Yi distinction
3488:Moscow, third Rome
3104:Reconstruction era
2925:Black Egypt Thesis
2847:European Civil War
2803:Translatio imperii
2758:Invented tradition
1879:Historical sources
1761:Thehistorysite.org
1242:Princeton (2011).
1044:10.1007/BF02692395
587:authenticated the
577:monumental brasses
352:In other regions,
304:Huntington Library
226:Diplomatic sources
129:
53:
18:Primary literature
6857:History resources
6824:
6823:
6611:Readers' advisory
6284:Library of things
6173:
6172:
6139:
6138:
6079:
6078:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6019:
5937:Catholic theology
5791:Avestan geography
5656:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5639:Søren Kierkegaard
5512:
5511:
5423:Warren G. Harding
5183:
5182:
5179:
5178:
4982:
4981:
4860:Armenian genocide
4723:Polish–Soviet War
4718:Burning of Smyrna
4704:
4703:
4694:Reichstag inquiry
4617:Patriotic consent
4488:
4487:
4463:War in the Vendée
4427:French Revolution
4409:century conflicts
4398:Peloponnesian War
4359:Eighty Years' War
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4150:Westminster Stone
3847:Southern question
3686:Alltagsgeschichte
3636:Legendary Saracen
3338:Early settlements
3146:
3145:
3126:Political history
3111:Consensus history
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2870:Continuity thesis
2809:Translatio studii
2695:Theory of history
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2585:Subaltern Studies
2470:Nouvelle histoire
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2307:Medieval churches
2294:Geistesgeschichte
2238:Paleoanthropology
2146:Encyclopaedistics
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
1902:Secondary sources
1578:978-87-12-03778-1
1555:978-0-321-22716-4
1534:978-0-88133-626-9
1086:978-81-947997-6-4
884:Open University,
840:978-0-393-30816-7
667:Original research
642:Source literature
627:Archival research
585:Hugh Trevor-Roper
573:Sir Edward Dering
485:Participants and
406:classical studies
342:National Archives
174:religious history
162:political history
103:secondary sources
16:(Redirected from
6864:
6814:
6813:
6804:
6803:
6794:
6793:
6784:
6783:
6774:
6773:
6764:
6763:
6561:Discovery system
6509:Archival science
6219:Types of library
6200:
6193:
6186:
6177:
6176:
6162:
6161:
6152:
6151:
6104:Documentary film
6085:
6084:
6064:History journals
6030:
6029:
6003:
5875:
5811:Primacy of Peter
5758:Great Depression
5738:
5737:
5711:
5689:
5662:
5661:
5610:J. R. R. Tolkien
5465:
5464:
5460:
5448:
5436:
5418:Ulysses S. Grant
5413:Thomas Jefferson
5404:
5380:
5343:
5306:
5294:
5262:
5250:
5242:Chiang Ching-kuo
5232:Cato the Younger
5222:Amin al-Husseini
5200:
5199:
5189:
5188:
5168:
5167:
5151:War and genocide
4975:
4961:Résistancialisme
4948:Battle of France
4930:Nanjing Massacre
4784:
4783:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4625:
4575:
4457:
4440:
4413:
4412:
4340:Catharism debate
4326:pre-18th century
4308:Military history
4285:
4278:
4271:
4262:
4261:
4255:By war, conflict
4251:
4250:
4199:Cambridge School
4185:
4184:
4083:
4071:
4047:
4028:
3938:
3926:
3898:
3720:
3698:Historikerstreit
3668:
3656:
3644:
3625:
3611:Cordon sanitaire
3557:New Qing History
3545:Conquest dynasty
3536:
3451:Christianization
3434:
3433:
3353:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3220:
3208:
3200:Byzantine Empire
3055:Iquicha Royalism
3044:
3010:
3009:
2933:
2905:
2904:
2894:
2893:
2837:Age of Discovery
2826:Periodization of
2823:
2822:
2797:Transhistoricity
2792:Thirty-year rule
2703:
2691:
2648:
2647:
2637:
2636:
2617:Great Man theory
2580:People's history
2542:
2447:
2446:
2439:Three-age system
2401:
2400:
2101:Archival science
2053:
2052:
2040:
2039:
1907:Tertiary sources
1887:
1886:
1874:
1873:
1823:by area of study
1792:
1785:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1667:The Free Library
1647:Sacred Texts.com
1582:
1559:
1538:
1519:
1500:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1460:The Sunday Times
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1220:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1027:
1021:
1010:
1001:
988:
982:
981:
950:
944:
943:
925:
919:
918:
916:
914:
909:. 26 August 2014
899:
893:
882:
876:
875:
851:
845:
844:
824:
815:
814:
791:
778:
764:
753:
739:
733:
726:
720:
719:
717:
715:
702:Peace, Kristin.
699:
682:Scholarly method
657:Secondary source
637:Source criticism
555:used the forged
462:
444:
335:Internet Archive
270:natural sciences
236:Social documents
220:scientific works
212:literary sources
193:cultural history
166:history of ideas
146:secondary source
63:(also called an
55:In the study of
21:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6752:
6719:Library schools
6663:
6642:
6586:Library history
6481:Library science
6475:
6409:
6375:Special library
6213:
6211:library science
6204:
6174:
6169:
6168:
6135:
6090:
6075:
6035:
6016:
5999:
5982:
5973:
5869:
5777:
5753:Great Recession
5736:
5707:
5683:
5667:
5648:
5539:H. P. Lovecraft
5508:
5470:
5463:
5454:
5442:
5430:
5398:
5374:
5347:Muammar Gaddafi
5337:
5325:Leonid Brezhnev
5300:
5288:
5271:Gregory Palamas
5256:
5254:Chiang Kai Shek
5244:
5204:
5194:
5175:
5174:
5155:
5136:Conflict thesis
5124:
5088:
4978:
4969:
4936:
4900:
4830:
4782:
4744:
4710:Interwar period
4700:
4670:
4663:
4655:
4639:Schlieffen Plan
4619:
4580:
4569:
4484:
4451:
4434:
4419:
4408:
4402:
4386:Dorian invasion
4371:Fall of Babylon
4327:
4321:
4320:
4297:
4289:
4256:
4237:
4213:
4190:
4183:
4145:Kingdom of Alba
4126:
4119:
4086:
4077:
4065:
4063:Spanish decline
4041:
4022:
3977:
3932:
3920:
3901:
3892:
3858:
3799:
3764:
3750:Greater Magadha
3736:
3714:
3671:
3662:
3650:
3638:
3619:
3598:
3572:Four Barbarians
3530:
3504:
3432:
3389:Götaland theory
3357:Lusotropicalism
3347:
3328:North Macedonia
3260:
3248:
3236:
3214:
3202:
3142:
3121:Frontier thesis
3116:Cyclical theory
3099:Neoabolitionism
3075:
3038:
3008:
2970:
2947:Greater Morocco
2927:
2899:
2876:
2827:
2821:
2713:
2697:
2685:
2642:
2623:
2536:
2451:
2445:
2427:Historical eras
2408:
2387:
2222:
2119:Writing systems
2089:
2047:
2045:Fields of study
2026:
2020:Service records
2005:Religious texts
1911:
1897:Primary sources
1881:
1868:
1867:
1801:
1796:
1766:
1752:Wayback Machine
1632:Wayback Machine
1590:
1585:
1579:
1562:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1522:
1516:
1503:
1497:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1406:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1301:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1067:
1063:
1028:
1024:
1011:
1004:
998:Wayback Machine
989:
985:
970:10.2307/2168603
951:
947:
940:
926:
922:
912:
910:
901:
900:
896:
883:
879:
868:
852:
848:
841:
825:
818:
808:
792:
781:
765:
756:
750:Wayback Machine
740:
736:
727:
723:
713:
711:
700:
696:
691:
686:
662:Tertiary source
605:
551:For centuries,
541:
512:
463:
460:
445:
442:
427:
393:
340:In the UK, the
315:American Memory
280:
263:social sciences
178:religious texts
138:
121:
116:
89:library science
65:original source
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6870:
6860:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6847:Historiography
6844:
6839:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6808:
6798:
6788:
6778:
6768:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6738:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6673:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6541:Classification
6538:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6485:
6483:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6466:Informationist
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6420:
6418:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6400:Transportation
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6350:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6223:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6203:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6180:
6171:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6156:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6061:
6056:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5997:
5992:
5986:
5984:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5912:
5907:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5885:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5808:
5803:
5793:
5787:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5742:
5735:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5717:
5712:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5678:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5583:
5578:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5529:Charles Darwin
5526:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5499:United Kingdom
5496:
5491:
5489:Modern Germany
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5462:
5461:
5449:
5437:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5408:Thomas Aquinas
5405:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5295:
5283:
5278:
5276:Horatio Nelson
5273:
5268:
5263:
5251:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5208:
5206:
5196:
5195:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5108:Responsibility
5105:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5039:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5020:New Historians
5017:
5012:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4886:Responsibility
4883:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4866:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4662:
4650:
4644:Spirit of 1914
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4614:
4604:
4601:Fischer thesis
4590:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4544:
4542:Paraguayan War
4539:
4538:
4537:
4527:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4468:Napoleonic era
4465:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4446:
4441:
4432:Pre-revolution
4423:
4421:
4417:Coalition Wars
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4311:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:historiography
4288:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4265:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4113:Decline thesis
4110:
4103:Ottoman Empire
4100:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4072:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4029:
4017:
4012:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3930:Skeptic School
3915:
3913:Anti-Normanism
3909:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3870:Golden Liberty
3866:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3852:Neo-Bourbonism
3844:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3727:
3722:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3692:Borussian myth
3689:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3657:
3645:
3633:
3626:
3614:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3537:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3163:Dealbanisation
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3085:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3033:
3027:May Revolution
3018:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2997:Staples thesis
2994:
2989:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2913:
2911:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2829:modern history
2820:
2819:
2812:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2775:
2773:Paradigm shift
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2489:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2459:Annales school
2455:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2322:Constitutional
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2245:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2198:Postage stamps
2195:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2112:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:Oral tradition
1992:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:Historiography
1795:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1742:
1733:
1723:
1713:
1704:
1694:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1622:
1612:
1603:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1588:External links
1586:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1560:
1554:
1539:
1533:
1520:
1514:
1501:
1495:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1446:
1424:
1415:
1404:
1384:
1382:, p. 292.
1372:
1344:10.2307/481816
1322:
1315:
1292:
1271:"Book reviews"
1261:
1244:"Book reviews"
1234:
1191:
1144:
1132:
1119:
1112:
1092:
1085:
1061:
1022:
1002:
983:
954:Cripps, Thomas
945:
938:
920:
894:
877:
866:
846:
839:
816:
806:
779:
754:
734:
721:
693:
692:
690:
687:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
632:Historiography
629:
623:
622:
618:
617:
611:
610:
606:
604:
601:
589:Hitler Diaries
540:
537:
511:
508:
458:
443:Kameron Searle
440:
426:
423:
397:Arthur Marwick
392:
389:
362:Flickr Commons
327:Digital Vaults
279:
276:
274:
273:
266:
259:
240:
239:
233:
223:
150:historiography
148:originated in
142:primary source
137:
134:
120:
117:
115:
112:
61:primary source
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6869:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6817:
6809:
6807:
6799:
6797:
6789:
6787:
6779:
6777:
6769:
6767:
6759:
6758:
6755:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6666:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6581:Legal deposit
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6201:
6196:
6194:
6189:
6187:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6165:
6157:
6155:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6132:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6086:
6082:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6038:
6031:
6027:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5990:Merton thesis
5988:
5987:
5985:
5980:
5976:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5942:Panbabylonism
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5873:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5780:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5663:
5659:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5505:
5504:United States
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5466:
5458:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5384:Bolivarianism
5382:
5378:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5367:Simon Bolivar
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5299:
5298:Joseph Stalin
5296:
5292:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5201:
5197:
5190:
5186:
5171:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:Post-Cold War
5091:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5067:Falklands War
5065:
5063:
5062:Iran–Iraq War
5060:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5010:Ongoing Nakba
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4973:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:Western Front
4939:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4922:Bengal famine
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4836:The Holocaust
4833:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:Eastern Front
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4659:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4518:Paris Commune
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4503:Turning point
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4455:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4407:18th and 19th
4405:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4352:Islamic views
4350:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4324:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4286:
4281:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4252:
4248:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4122:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4081:
4076:
4075:Ser de España
4073:
4069:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4045:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3896:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3493:Ottoman claim
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Prosopography
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3426:Trưng sisters
3424:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3173:Habsburg myth
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3081:United States
3078:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3014:Latin America
3011:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2891:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2634:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Transnational
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2497:Decoloniality
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2478:Historiometry
2476:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:Periodization
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:Sigillography
2206:
2204:
2203:Prosopography
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:Local history
2078:
2074:
2073:Human history
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:World history
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1515:0-313-30749-0
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1496:0-312-40356-9
1492:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1412:
1407:
1405:0-521-39120-2
1401:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1316:0-8020-7912-1
1312:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1297:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1230:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1115:
1113:0-7153-5669-0
1109:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1019:0-521-46580-X
1016:
1009:
1007:
999:
995:
992:
987:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
949:
941:
939:0-8014-8560-6
935:
931:
924:
908:
904:
898:
891:
887:
881:
874:
869:
867:81-250-2657-6
863:
859:
858:
850:
842:
836:
832:
831:
823:
821:
813:
809:
807:0-521-38921-6
803:
799:
798:
790:
788:
786:
784:
776:
772:
768:
767:Oscar Handlin
763:
761:
759:
751:
747:
744:
738:
731:
725:
709:
705:
698:
694:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
672:UNISIST model
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
620:
619:
616:
613:
612:
608:
607:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:parish church
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:
517:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
461:David Iredale
457:
453:
451:
439:
437:
431:
422:
418:
415:
409:
407:
403:
398:
388:
387:, and so on.
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
271:
267:
264:
260:
257:
253:
252:
251:
247:
244:
237:
234:
231:
227:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
207:
203:
202:
201:
199:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
151:
147:
143:
133:
125:
111:
108:
104:
99:
97:
92:
90:
86:
85:autobiography
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6606:Preservation
6556:Conservation
6504:Acquisitions
6385:Subscription
6314:Presidential
5919:
5721:The Simpsons
5719:
5666:Other topics
5614:
5591:Christianity
5581:Resurrection
5212:Adolf Hitler
5041:Six-Day War
5037:Algerian War
5008: /
4967:Vichy France
4959:
4952:
4862: /
4750:World War II
4646: /
4313:
4306:
4108:Ghaza thesis
4031:
4007:
3993:White legend
3991: /
3989:Black legend
3944:Soviet Union
3834:
3827:
3815:
3778:Great Famine
3755:Indocentrism
3729:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3684:
3630:Grand Siècle
3628:
3609:
3577:Sinocentrism
3438:Ancient Rome
3418:
3276:Aryan Kartli
3274:
3066:
3029: /
2963:
2860:19th century
2858: /
2849: /
2814:
2807:
2806: /
2801:
2777:
2751: /
2725:Black legend
2683:Historiology
2480: /
2468:
2431:
2369:Quantitative
2292:
2288:Intellectual
2254: /
2250: /
2236: /
2234:Anthropology
2188:Phaleristics
2181:preservation
2176:Oral history
2117: /
2103: /
2085:Microhistory
1896:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1830:
1821: /
1817:
1810:
1756:Archivopedia
1675:source texts
1666:
1610:Ancestry.com
1568:
1564:
1544:
1524:
1505:
1486:
1478:Bibliography
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1427:
1418:
1409:
1394:
1387:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1335:
1332:Ethnohistory
1331:
1325:
1305:
1285:22 September
1283:. Retrieved
1279:the original
1274:
1264:
1254:22 September
1252:. Retrieved
1247:
1237:
1222:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1175:. Retrieved
1161:
1157:
1147:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1102:
1095:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1038:(2): 26–37.
1035:
1031:
1025:
986:
961:
957:
948:
929:
923:
911:. Retrieved
906:
897:
889:
880:
871:
856:
849:
829:
811:
796:
774:
737:
724:
712:. Retrieved
697:
550:
542:
533:
529:
525:
519:
515:
513:
487:eyewitnesses
484:
465:
455:
447:
433:
428:
419:
410:
394:
370:
351:
339:
308:
281:
249:
245:
241:
235:
225:
211:
204:
190:
155:
145:
141:
139:
136:Other fields
130:
100:
93:
64:
60:
54:
36:
6816:WikiProject
6536:Circulation
6109:Hagiography
5870: [
5830:Early Islam
5684: [
5576:Historicity
5554:Historicity
5544:Jane Austen
5524:The Beatles
5494:Netherlands
5455: [
5452:Zhuge Liang
5443: [
5431: [
5428:Yuan Shikai
5399: [
5396:Sun Yat Tse
5375: [
5338: [
5301: [
5289: [
5286:Jiang Zemin
5257: [
5245: [
5237:Che Guevara
4970: [
4905:Pacific War
4689:Article 231
4679:Reparations
4656: [
4620: [
4597:Color books
4586:World War I
4570: [
4547:War of 1812
4452: [
4435: [
4420:(1792–1815)
4391:Sea Peoples
4376:Gallic Wars
4078: [
4066: [
4053:Revisionist
4042: [
4033:Reconquista
4023: [
4015:Inquisition
4009:Convivencia
3933: [
3921: [
3893: [
3790:Revisionism
3715: [
3663: [
3651: [
3639: [
3620: [
3562:Golden ages
3531: [
3528:Wunu School
3523:Archaeology
3396:Switzerland
3379:Kosovo Myth
3367:Great Union
3348: [
3333:Philippines
3316:Nationalist
3289:Ages of Man
3261: [
3249: [
3237: [
3215: [
3203: [
3039: [
3036:Revisionist
2928: [
2865:Renaissance
2730:Coloniality
2698: [
2686: [
2678:Historicity
2602:Revisionist
2592:Pop history
2563:Nationalist
2537: [
2482:Cliometrics
2450:Approaches,
2406:Methodology
2302:Linguistics
2252:Environment
2218:Vexillology
2141:Diplomatics
2124:Chorography
2063:Big History
2015:War diaries
1988:Illuminated
1983:Manuscripts
1968:Hieroglyphs
1848:historicity
1636:ArchiveGrid
1608:created by
1380:Henige 1986
1250:. Princeton
1141:online 2007
647:Source text
583:. In 1986,
565:monasteries
546:diplomatics
472:objectivity
468:peer review
373:finding aid
191:A study of
6831:Categories
6741:Archivists
6724:Librarians
6682:by country
6519:Cataloging
6514:Assessment
6252:Consortium
6242:Children's
6164:Multimedia
5983:Technology
5947:Urreligion
5850:Kharijites
5801:Background
5469:Historical
5440:Zhou Enlai
5335:Mao Zedong
5330:Louis Riel
5103:Background
4954:Guilty Men
4896:Uniqueness
4819:Background
4814:Winter War
4738:Background
4671:Versailles
4525:Great Game
4172:Ricardians
4167:Tudor myth
3885:Partitions
3478:Succession
2768:Narratives
2753:Presentism
2709:Philosophy
2529:Humanistic
2417:Case study
2349:Indigenous
2327:Diplomatic
2271:Capitalism
2171:Onomastics
2129:Chronology
1958:Facsimiles
1943:Chronicles
1841:historians
1812:Historians
1663:Wikisource
1164:(5): 419.
913:15 January
714:17 January
689:References
597:provenance
504:Barristers
256:humanities
182:ceremonies
96:journalism
81:manuscript
6734:fictional
6697:destroyed
6677:Libraries
6616:Reference
6576:Inventory
6489:Five laws
6429:E-science
6416:librarian
6414:Types of
6405:Traveling
6247:Christian
6207:Libraries
5952:Perennial
5741:Economics
5693:Feudalism
5479:Australia
5227:Aurangzeb
5203:Political
5193:By person
4874:Pius Wars
4669:Treaty of
4328:conflicts
4135:Poor Laws
3998:Hispanism
3875:Sarmatism
3705:Sonderweg
3463:Expansion
3188:Litvinism
3022:Argentina
2856:Long 18th
2739:Dark Ages
2519:Historism
2317:Political
2256:Geography
2193:Philology
2156:Genealogy
2151:Epigraphy
2094:By source
1933:Artifacts
1728:from the
1718:from the
1699:from the
1689:from the
1177:3 January
1057:findings.
1052:143532955
615:Monograph
539:Forgeries
520:secondary
500:distorted
354:Europeana
288:libraries
206:Narrative
6796:Glossary
6707:national
6444:ensemble
6348:Research
6341:Carnegie
6309:National
6294:Medicine
6227:Academic
6154:Category
6069:template
5783:Religion
5634:Socrates
5549:Muhammed
5471:rankings
5352:Napoleon
5170:Category
4988:Cold War
4891:Slovakia
4478:Waterloo
4347:Crusades
4292:Military
4140:Scotland
4098:Kemalist
3420:Nam tiến
3415:Vietnam
3405:Ukraine
3363:Romania
3345:Portugal
3271:Georgia
3246:Medieval
3195:Bulgaria
3184:Belarus
3169:Austria
2975:Americas
2943:Morocco
2939:Ethiopia
2718:Specific
2641:Concepts
2546:Leninist
2504:Feminist
2492:Critical
2339:Feminism
2312:Military
2266:Business
2261:Economic
2243:Cultural
2227:By topic
2213:Toponymy
2161:Heraldry
2109:template
2056:By scale
1978:Logbooks
1963:Features
1928:Archives
1748:Archived
1628:Archived
1411:survived
1360:11616953
994:Archived
746:Archived
708:Archived
609:Examples
603:See also
496:cover-up
492:censored
459:—
441:—
414:archives
377:WorldCat
284:archives
230:charters
228:include
73:document
69:artifact
67:) is an
6842:Sources
6806:Outline
6786:Commons
6702:medical
6692:ancient
6687:by size
6647:History
6638:Weeding
6621:virtual
6524:catalog
6363:virtual
6331:Private
6279:Lending
6257:Digital
6232:Archive
6089:Related
5979:Science
5624:Madonna
5596:Judaism
5559:Judaism
5391:Saladin
5281:Hypatia
5205:leaders
5129:Related
5082:Origins
5045:Origins
4996:Origins
4552:Origins
4498:Origins
4364:Origins
4226:Oceania
4189:British
4127:Kingdom
3770:Ireland
3677:Germany
3385:Sweden
3258:New Age
3234:Ancient
3230:Europe
3226:Croatia
3158:Albania
3151:Eurasia
2953:Rwanda
2651:General
2551:Marxist
2452:schools
2281:Thought
2248:Ecology
2010:Scrolls
1948:Codices
1916:Sources
1855:history
1832:History
1732:library
1722:library
1703:Library
1439:8 March
978:2168603
516:primary
480:opinion
476:journal
436:fiction
402:memoirs
292:museums
268:In the
261:In the
254:In the
216:diaries
208:sources
186:rituals
119:History
57:history
45:Pompeii
6626:roving
6456:School
6380:Street
6353:School
6336:Public
6326:Prison
6299:Mobile
6269:Hybrid
6262:shadow
6237:Branch
5715:Salons
5517:Others
5484:Canada
5118:Causes
5055:Causes
5030:Causes
4824:Spirit
4758:Causes
4728:Causes
4593:Causes
4562:Causes
4535:Causes
4513:Causes
4444:Causes
4191:Empire
4125:United
4091:Turkey
3906:Russia
3880:Deluge
3863:Poland
3603:France
3401:Taiwan
3374:Serbia
3180:Balhae
3031:Causes
2982:Canada
2916:Egypt
2909:Africa
2433:Tarikh
2354:Labour
2344:Gender
2334:Social
2134:dating
2000:Papyri
1923:Annals
1669:– the
1575:
1552:
1531:
1512:
1493:
1465:4 July
1402:
1358:
1352:481816
1350:
1313:
1130:(2002)
1110:
1083:
1050:
1017:
976:
936:
864:
837:
804:
777:(1954)
621:Others
569:abbeys
383:, the
379:, the
329:. The
321:. The
298:, and
107:memoir
6746:women
6729:women
6669:Lists
6439:Music
6304:Music
5962:Roman
5874:]
5688:]
5601:Islam
5571:Jesus
5459:]
5447:]
5435:]
5403:]
5379:]
5342:]
5305:]
5293:]
5261:]
5249:]
4974:]
4864:Nakba
4660:]
4624:]
4574:]
4456:]
4439:]
4082:]
4070:]
4046:]
4027:]
3982:Spain
3937:]
3925:]
3897:]
3804:Italy
3742:India
3719:]
3667:]
3655:]
3643:]
3624:]
3535:]
3510:China
3352:]
3311:Korea
3306:Japan
3295:Iran
3284:Greek
3265:]
3253:]
3241:]
3219:]
3212:Early
3207:]
3068:Casta
3043:]
2965:Maafa
2932:]
2702:]
2690:]
2541:]
2381:Women
2376:Urban
2364:Rural
2359:LGBTQ
2115:Books
1953:Deeds
1890:Types
1567:[
1348:JSTOR
1048:S2CID
974:JSTOR
579:in a
553:popes
366:Trove
77:diary
6529:OPAC
6390:Tool
6319:U.S.
6209:and
6053:list
4648:1917
3660:Lyon
3131:Eras
3050:Peru
2785:list
2732:and
2612:Whig
1819:list
1573:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1467:2011
1441:2015
1400:ISBN
1356:PMID
1311:ISBN
1287:2011
1256:2011
1179:2017
1108:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1015:ISBN
934:ISBN
915:2014
862:ISBN
835:ISBN
802:ISBN
769:and
716:2018
567:and
518:and
450:bias
360:and
317:and
184:and
144:and
6434:Law
6395:Toy
6289:Map
6274:Law
2779:Pax
1340:doi
1213:doi
1166:doi
1077:135
1040:doi
966:doi
962:100
210:or
168:or
156:In
94:In
6833::
5872:it
5686:pt
5457:zh
5445:zh
5433:zh
5401:zh
5377:es
5340:zh
5303:ru
5291:zh
5259:zh
5247:zh
4972:fr
4658:ru
4622:fr
4599:/
4572:es
4454:ru
4437:fr
4080:es
4068:es
4044:es
4025:es
3935:ru
3923:ru
3895:pl
3717:de
3665:fr
3653:fr
3641:fr
3622:fr
3533:zh
3350:pt
3263:ru
3251:ru
3239:ru
3217:ru
3205:de
3041:es
2930:es
2700:de
2688:es
2539:pt
1665:–
1458:.
1408:.
1362:.
1354:.
1346:.
1336:33
1334:.
1295:^
1273:.
1246:.
1221:.
1209:60
1207:.
1203:.
1162:65
1160:.
1156:.
1079:.
1054:.
1046:.
1036:35
1034:.
1005:^
972:.
960:.
905:.
888:,
870:.
819:^
810:.
782:^
773:,
757:^
548:.
294:,
290:,
286:,
188:.
83:,
79:,
75:,
71:,
51:).
6199:e
6192:t
6185:v
6055:)
6051:(
5981:/
4613:)
4609:(
4603:)
4595:(
4284:e
4277:t
4270:v
3786:"
3782:"
2111:)
2107:(
1791:e
1784:t
1777:v
1621:.
1581:.
1558:.
1537:.
1518:.
1499:.
1469:.
1443:.
1342::
1319:.
1289:.
1258:.
1215::
1181:.
1168::
1116:.
1089:.
1042::
980:.
968::
942:.
917:.
843:.
741:"
728:"
718:.
222:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
