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carpenters were able to construct a slave cabin in three days and that the slaves most often lived next to their field or shop work sites. Documentary evidence suggests that the slave housing structures at Poplar Forest were made of logs and that several houses had two rooms that each measured 12.5 x 15 feet; this is corroborated by archaeological evidence suggesting that the slave structures contained root cellars designed by the occupants, which were used to store clothing, tools, and iron hardware. Archaeologists used soil stains to discover storage pits, burned tree roots, and postholes; this analysis also yielded fragments of glass, ceramics, and iron which were discovered to have been parts of plates, bottles, and cooking pots.
620:. Records from Edward Hutter's tenure at Poplar Forest show that enslaved individuals were regularly tasked with tilling fields and digging ditches in addition to their work growing and harvesting plants to be sold at market. Enslaved people worked six days each week, and were also responsible for constructing and maintaining their housing structures. Scholars have determined that the enslaved community at Poplar Forest devised a commerce system amongst themselves; slaves were allowed a small plot of land on which to grow food and produce goods that could be traded or sold to fellow enslaved people as well as the owners' families and the outside market. Archaeologists at Poplar Forest have uncovered clothing accessories such as
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Hutter in 1840 following his marriage to Cobb's daughter Emma. The period from 1745 to 1840, in which Poplar Forest was sold many times in quick succession many enslaved men, women, and children were separated from their families as the owners settled their predecessor's debts. The Cobbs–Hutter family maintained ownership of Poplar Forest into the twentieth century. The Hutter's son
Christian purchased the property in the late nineteenth century and used it as a summer home and working farm into the 1940s employing labor from both black and white hired farmhands and
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is two smaller rooms divided by a short entry hall. There is a skylight in the central dining room. The dining room dimensions are 20’ x 20’ x 20’, which makes it a perfect cube. Jefferson also added pedimented porticoes on low arcades that were attached to both the northern and southern facades as well as the east and west stairwells. Scholars agree that the retreat house at Poplar Forest is an excellent example of octagonal symmetry; Jefferson's design for the building reflects a consistent geometric approach likely made possible by his well-known proficiency in
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from Poplar Forest with a pot; archaeologists have found remnants of these gifts in archaeological studies of the property. Jefferson kept records of family connections – surviving records have allowed scholars to conclude that multiple generations of single families were enslaved at Poplar Forest and had relatives at other plantations in
Virginia. William and Marian Cobbs inherited an enslaved family that included Mary and her daughters Lucy and Matilda (who are recorded to have worked as house slaves) as well as other siblings and extended family members.
595:, Indian Camp, and Judith's Creek, thus increasing the enslaved population at Poplar Forest. Jefferson kept consistent records of the enslaved people living at Poplar Forest; these records show that the enslaved population fluctuated between as few as 28 and as many as 95 enslaved individuals were working at Poplar Forest between the years 1774 and 1819. As an active participant in the slave trade, Jefferson sold and purchased enslaved people throughout the time he owned Poplar Forest, including the sale of 40 enslaved people from his various properties in
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full-length portrait commissioned by the U.S. Military
Academy at West Point. This version, finally completed in 1830, was commissioned by Jefferson's friend and financial supporter William Short and presented to the American Philosophical Society, the institution over which Jefferson had presided for many years.
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Records show that by the 1790s, there were seven different enslaved families represented at Poplar Forest. Jefferson encouraged common-law unions amongst the enslaved community, and recorded the birth dates of each enslaved child born on the property. He also rewarded women who married a fellow slave
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The Old
Plantation/North Hill is believed to have been established in the 1770s/1780s and was the site of the oldest slave farm structures at Poplar Forest dating from 1764. Maps suggest that the original structures included an overseer's house, large barn, and slave housing built over the course of
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Dr. James
Johnson purchased the house and 50 acres of land from the Watts family in 1980 and then the nonprofit Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest purchased the acreage and the remaining physical structures on the property in 1984. The organization has worked in recent years to reacquire land
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Enslaved men, women, and children were present on the property from 1766 through 1865, when slavery was formally abolished in the United States. Present-day knowledge of the slave populations and their contributions to Poplar Forest is based on both archaeological and archival evidence. John Wayles
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may have been the first of its kind to have been built in the United States. The house at Poplar Forest is made of brick and has an octagonal floor plan; it consists of a central square space and three sides made of elongated octagon rooms. There is an entry hall on the one side of the house, which
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This is the newest of the three sites; current scholarship indicates that it was built in the 1830s and was operational until emancipation. Scholars believe that the site was home to a slave cabin likely occupied between 1840 and 1860. Archaeologists have uncovered a 3 ft. pit that would have
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to the house after 1816, and always traveled to Poplar Forest with a small cadre of enslaved men and women who were based at
Monticello. His visits ranged from a few days to weeklong stays. Jefferson maintained sole ownership of the property and the slaves until 1790, when he gave 1,000 acres and
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More recent excavations focused on an area believed to have held paper mulberry trees; Jefferson planted two rows in order to help create naturalistic wings to complement the
Palladian style of his retreat house. Archaeologists at Poplar Forest found stains in the ground indicating areas in which
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was purchased by
Jefferson when he was 30 and went on to oversee field laborers at Poplar Forest. He fathered six children with a fellow slave named Cate and fostered several others, and worked as a hogkeeper when he was older. Scholars are also able to trace his family members and their roles at
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Christian Hutter sold the property to James Watts’ family in 1946; the Watts family operated Poplar Forest as a dairy farm and worked with Phelps Barnum and W. Stuart
Thompson to restore the house to the way it appeared during Jefferson's time. They also did significant landscape development, and
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and wife Mary
Elizabeth moved to Poplar Forest shortly after their 1823 marriage. Jefferson died in 1826 having made his last visit to Poplar Forest in 1823. The Eppeses sold Poplar Forest in November 1828 to William Cobbs; Cobbs assigned the task of managing the property to his son-in-law Edward
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There have been several archaeological digs at Poplar Forest since the archaeology program began in 1989. Archaeology has revealed several sites associated with the enslaved population at Poplar Forest as well as uncovered valuable information about Jefferson's original landscape surrounding his
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The Quarter site, also called the Wingo quarter farm, dates from 1790 to 1812 at Poplar Forest and was operational when Jefferson owned Poplar Forest; he gave the land on which it was located to Martha and Thomas Mann Randolph as a wedding present. Jefferson's surviving notes tell us that three
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Documents from the 19th century show that the transition from tobacco-based to mixed-crop plantation agriculture left Poplar Forest with an abundance of laborers; William Cobbs, in particular, is known to have hired out slaves from the plantation to external projects. Other enslaved individuals
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Under different owners, the main house underwent many alterations, and the plantation's acreage was incrementally reduced to 50 acres (20 ha) at the time of acquisition by the Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest. There was a fire in 1845; the Cobbs and Hutter families rebuilt in the Greek
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purchased 50 acres of land and the original buildings with the goal of preserving the estate for public educational benefit. The corporation operates Poplar Forest as a historic house museum with the mission to preserve, inspire, and tell the emerging story of Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest.
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English: Thomas Jefferson. Description: Thomas Sully's portrait of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello in 1821 is considered a reliable view of Jefferson's looks and coloring in his 78th year. Jefferson sat for the artist during a twelve-day period, and this canvas was made in preparation for a
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been located underneath the floor of the cabin, postholes, and remnants of a shone chimney. The excavation at Site A has yielded buttons, straight pins, needles, thimbles, and the bone cap of a needle case; this suggests that this site may have been the home of a seamstress.
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628:(including two women named Lucy and Matilda) are known to have had access to money during this time so that they could buy items on behalf of the Cobbs/Hutter families. Edward Hutter regularly leased slaves from Poplar Forest to businesses and planters in Bedford County.
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by the nonprofit Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest. The corporation is also responsible for the ongoing archaeological study and restoration work at the property. The Corporation celebrated the completed restoration of Jefferson's villa retreat in April 2023.
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lived at Poplar Forest when Edward Hutter owned the property. She named one of her children Ida Reeder, after Hutter's niece; expense records show that he purchased a dress for her as a gift. Lydia continued to work for the family after Emancipation until she died in
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used slave labor to originally develop roadwork on the property, and when Thomas and Martha Jefferson inherited the land that included Poplar Forest from Wayles, they also inherited 135 enslaved men, women, and children as well as other tracts of land in
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purchased the original property in 1764 and slowly added an additional 819 acres prior to 1770; he was the first to use slave labor on the property. Similar to Stith, Wayles did not live on the property due to his career as an attorney and businessman in
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to determine which areas were most likely the original location(s) for the paper mulberry trees. Other ongoing and future excavation plans include the area surrounding an antebellum slave cabin as well as Jefferson's ornamental plant nursery.
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Poplar Forest first welcomed visitors in 1986, and now conducts guided tours thematically dedicated to the main retreat house and the enslaved community in addition to its ongoing restoration and archaeological work. The property is a
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was born at Poplar Forest and violently rebelled against slavery by attacking an overseer on more than one occasion. Jefferson sent him and three others to Louisiana, where William attempted to run away, but was caught and
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Archaeological excavations of Poplar Forest have yielded evidence suggesting that maps of Poplar Forest created in Jefferson's time were incomplete and did not illustrate the extent to which enslaved people were present.
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in the 1790s. The Eppeses inherited the house, about 1,075 acres of land, and several enslaved men and women after Jefferson's death in 1826. The Cobbs and Hutter families also used slave labor on the property through
341:(a colonial minister and planter) assumed ownership, but did not live on the land. He passed ownership to his daughter Elizabeth Pasteur who sold it to her cousin Peter Randolph, who maintained ownership until 1764.
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was not born at Poplar Forest, but served there from the time she was a teenager until ca.1821. She married and had a family with a fellow slave, was literate, and worked for a time as Jefferson's housekeeper.
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was born at Poplar Forest to James Hubbard and his wife Cate. Phill briefly worked at Monticello before returning to Poplar Forest, where he married Hanah and had a son. He died at age 33, reportedly of
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Even in Jefferson's absence, the plantation was generating revenue from slave labor under the watch of a general steward and a team of overseers; the slave labor force at Poplar Forest produced annual
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The Smallest Things Forgotten: Comparative Analyses of Three Subfloor Pit Assemblages at Poplar Forest. Paper presented at the 41st Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Albuquerque, NM
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as well as a residence, while a third is believed to have been built later than the other two, and used primarily as housing. Soil analysis also suggests that there were fences in the slave quarters.
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within the original plantation boundaries, and as of 2008 owned 617 acres of the original property. The Corporation celebrated the completed restoration of Jefferson's villa retreat in April 2023.
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as well as designs from 16th century France. Jefferson designed Poplar Forest as his personal retreat house and selected the property because of its distance from his public life.
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to produce traditional lime mortar and plaster, for their restoration work. The goal of the restorations is to restore Poplar Forest to Jefferson's original architectural vision.
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The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest used early 19th-century building materials including heavy timber-frame construction, hemp sash cord, and iron hardware from
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revival style and added an attic story for sleeping; this modified the interior plan of the house. The original walls, chimney, and columns remained after the renovation.
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sold a majority of the remaining land to a developer who constructed a nine-hole golf course and a lake along the eastern and southern part of the property.
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from 1793 to 1857 in the United States as a whole. Though, considering the recovered half zeal was found altered, it suggests that the zeal was worn as an
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methods, and were found in three colors. Twenty six were wound glass in black, three were faceted, two black and one purple, and two drawn glass in white.
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never lived at Poplar Forest, but documentary records show that he was responsible for much of the interior woodwork in the retreat house at Poplar Forest.
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Poplar Forest Archaeology: Studies in African American Life: Excavations and Analysis of Site A, Southeast Terrace, and Site B, Southeast Curtilage
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counties. Because Wayles chose to split his estate among several heirs, enslaved families were separated in order for his heirs to pay his debts.
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Excavations at this site also yielded a number of objects related to slave life at Poplar Forest. Archaeologists discovered iron saw files,
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Jefferson conducted annual visits to Poplar Forest beginning in 1810 and ending in 1823; He frequently brought his granddaughters Ellen and
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had also been excavated, pierced at the top. Beginning in 1965, Spanish reales were standard currency in Virginia, and were considered
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retreat. In Fall of 2022, Poplar Forest celebrated the completion of landscape restoration to the north side of the retreat villa.
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The land upon which Poplar Forest was built shows archaeological evidence of having been populated by native peoples from the
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40 years. Scholars also refer to this area as the Old Quarter located to the south and west of the main house.
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In addition, 191 beads have been recovered, with only one made of bone, and the rest from glass. 159 were
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Near the end of his life, Jefferson sought to find permanent residents for the property, and his grandson
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1624:: 75 photos, 10 color transparencies, 22 measured drawings, 6 data pages, and 6 photo caption pages at
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1502:. Poplar Forest Plantation, Poplar Forest, VA: Public Welfare Foundation (published June 15, 2004).
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Proposals for concerted operation among the powers at war with the Pyratical states of Barbary
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Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States
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and designated a Virginia History Trails site as part of Virginia's 2019 Commemoration.
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appears in a ledger from 1772 noting that he purchased rum, buttons, thread, and cloth.
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As Jefferson turned more attention to Poplar Forest, he brought enslaved people from
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has worked to restore Jefferson's plantation and retreat home since 1984, when the
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periods. The 4,000-acre property was legally defined by a 1745 patent in which
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trees were previously planted, and their goal is to analyze the levels of
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Poplar Forest, which included Nace, Hannah, Nancy, Joan, James, and Phill.
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Bedford County, Virginia
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and maintained some formerly enslaved people as hired workers following.
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View along one of the wings, Poplar Forest, near Lynchburg, Virginia, USA
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Hidden Lives: The Archaeology of Slave Life at Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1292:"Architectural Preservation Materials & Techniques at Poplar Forest"
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Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society
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1388:"Thomas Jefferson's Slave Biographies | The Community at Poplar Forest"
1359:. Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia. p. 9.
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Hearths in the kitchen at Poplar Forest, near Lynchburg, Virginia, USA
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Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777 draft and 1786 passage
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One other structure discovered is believed to have functioned as a
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Thomas Jefferson was a self-taught architect known for his work at
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National Register of Historic Places in Bedford County, Virginia
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Beginning in 1790, the enslaved community at Poplar Forest grew
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When construction began at Poplar Forest in 1806, Jefferson was
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1517:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press (published March 1996).
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Plantation and historic house in Forest, Bedford County, VA, US
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Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
1445:"Historical Archaeology of Poplar Forest's Enslaved Community"
1162:"Architectural Restoration – Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest"
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Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
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Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression
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1564:"History Tours & Exhibits at Jefferson's Poplar Forest"
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Jefferson's Poplar Forest: Unearthing a Virginia Plantation
890:. Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest. Archived from
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Poplar Forest, State Route 661, Forest, Bedford County, VA
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six slave families to his daughter Martha and her husband
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Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
1420:"See Current Archaeological Fieldwork at Poplar Forest"
1264:"Learn About the Historic Restoration of Poplar Forest"
1239:"Thomas Jefferson in His Later Years at Poplar Forest"
884:"Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest: Map and Directions"
1539:"About Poplar Forest | Historical Places in Virginia"
1137:"About Poplar Forest | Historical Places in Virginia"
1112:"History of Thomas Jefferson's Home at Poplar Forest"
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Interactive map showing the location of Poplar Forest
1589:"Virginia History Trails App | History in Your Hand"
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The Corporation for Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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519:Post-Jeffersonian modifications and preservation
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837:List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
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3859:Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
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3154:Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence
1513:Baker, T. Lindsay; Baker, Julie P. (1996).
864:. Virginia Department of Historic Resources
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1054:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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3357:Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service
1681:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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3099:The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth
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3899:Presidential homes in the United States
3874:National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
3392:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
920:. National Park Service. Archived from
876:
854:
446:
3851:
1485:
1483:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
944:"National Register Information System"
463:. He supervised the construction from
455:East elevation of Poplar Forest (2004)
3352:Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
3189:Jefferson and the Library of Congress
3164:Founding Fathers of the United States
2724:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
2456:
1653:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1354:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1286:
1284:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1068:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
906:
122:
97:
3625:Cultural depictions of Sally Hemings
2482:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
949:National Register of Historic Places
3884:Museums in Bedford County, Virginia
2572:Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention
2510:Vice President of the United States
1480:
936:
13:
3919:Houses in Bedford County, Virginia
3894:Historic house museums in Virginia
2952:A Manual of Parliamentary Practice
1631:"Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest"
1626:Historic American Buildings Survey
1437:
1405:
1373:
1309:
1281:
1199:"Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest"
1179:
811:tax-exempt non-profit organization
631:
312:Poplar Forest was designated as a
297:, United States, that belonged to
14:
3955:
2946:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
1615:
1515:The WPA Oklahoma Slave Narratives
1069:Sully, Thomas (January 1, 1821),
960:
316:in 1971 and is now operated as a
3909:Presidential museums in Virginia
3832:
3831:
3477:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins
2521:United States Secretary of State
2186:
2179:
1568:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1543:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1449:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1424:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1392:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1296:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1268:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1243:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1141:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
1116:Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest
121:
114:
96:
89:
3939:1806 establishments in Virginia
3482:250th Anniversary silver dollar
2882:Founder, University of Virginia
1637:Thomas Jefferson's architecture
1581:
1556:
1531:
1506:
1462:
1256:
1231:
1154:
735:
49:U.S. National Historic Landmark
3422:Thomas Jefferson School of Law
3228:Separation of church and state
3137:American Philosophical Society
3074:Notes on the State of Virginia
3067:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
2499:President of the United States
1129:
1104:
1086:
1062:
801:
727:Old plantation/North Hill site
717:
695:
608:Plantation and slave economics
479:classical architecture in the
461:President of the United States
242:
229:
1:
3904:Plantation houses in Virginia
3382:University of Virginia statue
3216:Jefferson–Hemings controversy
2854:Federal judicial appointments
2541:Congress of the Confederation
1030:Heath, Barbara; Gary (2012).
862:"Virginia Landmarks Register"
847:
348:Charles City County, Virginia
130:Show map of the United States
3087:European journey memorandums
2827:State of the Union Addresses
2756:Dunbar and Hunter Expedition
403:and wheat crops after 1790.
180:37.34826000°N 79.264949833°W
21:United States historic place
7:
3864:Jefferson family residences
3695:Cornelia Jefferson Randolph
3427:Thomas Jefferson University
3397:Thomas Jefferson Foundation
2904:Democratic-Republican Party
2822:West Point Military Academy
2614:Declaration of Independence
2564:Second Continental Congress
2409:National Historic Landmarks
825:
408:Cornelia Jefferson Randolph
150:1776 Poplar Forest Parkway,
75:Poplar Forest, designed by
58:Virginia Landmarks Register
10:
3960:
3879:Octagon houses in Virginia
3869:Thomas Jefferson buildings
2734:Lewis and Clark Expedition
820:National Historic Landmark
546:
324:
314:National Historic Landmark
185:37.34826000; -79.264949833
3800:
3725:Frederick Madison Roberts
3647:Martha Jefferson Randolph
3633:
3567:(1997 documentary series)
3502:
3327:Thomas Jefferson Building
3295:
3264:
3119:
3058:
2984:
2899:Anti-Administration party
2862:
2709:
2689:
2636:All men are created equal
2582:
2490:
2417:
2396:
2195:
2177:
1691:
1216:10.1007/s00004-011-0077-1
1197:Fletcher, Rachel (2011).
832:Jeffersonian architecture
766:
272:
264:
256:
251:
240:
228:NRHP reference
227:
211:
203:
195:
158:
146:
139:
83:
68:
64:
55:
46:
37:
30:
26:
3889:Houses completed in 1826
3620:Wine bottles controversy
3412:Jefferson City, Missouri
2877:Franco-American alliance
1646:, University of Virginia
597:Bedford County, Virginia
3793:(2nd great-grandfather)
3737:Jane Randolph Jefferson
3689:Ellen Randolph Coolidge
3271:Presidential elections
3174:Jefferson and education
3159:Committee of the States
2650:Consent of the governed
2529:U.S. Minister to France
1642:August 6, 2015, at the
1593:www.vahistorytrails.com
1355:Heath, Barbara (1999).
413:Thomas Mann Randolph Jr
3575:(2002 animated series)
3407:Monticello Association
3132:American Enlightenment
3093:Indian removal letters
3050:White House Colonnades
3045:Virginia State Capitol
3023:University of Virginia
2909:Jeffersonian democracy
2805:Native American policy
2675:Land Ordinance of 1785
2670:Land Ordinance of 1784
2422:Keeper of the Register
2334:Poquoson (no listings)
1098:Jefferson's Monticello
584:
576:
528:
491:
473:Virginia State Capitol
456:
435:
365:
3719:T. Jefferson Coolidge
3715:(great-granddaughter)
3707:John Wayles Jefferson
3452:Jefferson–Jackson Day
3387:David d'Angers statue
3184:Jefferson and slavery
3169:Historical reputation
2872:Early life and career
2604:(initial draft; 1775)
2602:Olive Branch Petition
2442:Contributing property
1203:Nexus Network Journal
954:National Park Service
641:Known enslaved people
583:North – South Section
582:
574:
537:Colonial Williamsburg
526:
489:
454:
434:Poplar Forest in 2011
433:
370:Martha Wayles Skelton
356:
318:historic house museum
3743:Lucy Jefferson Lewis
3653:Mary Jefferson Eppes
3127:Age of Enlightenment
2761:Red River Expedition
2552:Governor of Virginia
1472:; Lee, Lori (2008).
1166:www.poplarforest.org
653:James (Jame) Hubbard
447:Architectural design
289:and retreat home in
105:Show map of Virginia
3787:(great-grandfather)
3489:U.S. postage stamps
3457:Currency depictions
3437:Peaks and mountains
3367:Karl Bitter statues
3337:Jefferson Territory
3234:The American Museum
3142:American Revolution
2793:Non-Intercourse Act
2776:Embargo Act of 1807
2680:Northwest Ordinance
2663:Freedom of religion
1034:. Gainesville, FL.
956:. January 23, 2007.
273:Designated VLR
265:Designated NHL
176: /
153:Lynchburg, Virginia
3749:Randolph Jefferson
3683:George W. Randolph
3677:Thomas J. Randolph
3588:Jefferson's Garden
3548:Jefferson in Paris
3312:Jefferson Memorial
2939:Compromise of 1790
2914:First Party System
2816:Marbury v. Madison
2739:Corps of Discovery
2729:Louisiana Purchase
924:on January 9, 2009
585:
577:
529:
492:
457:
436:
386:Secretary of State
382:Minister to France
366:
3846:
3845:
3713:Sarah N. Randolph
3616:(2020 miniseries)
3583:(2008 miniseries)
3417:Jefferson College
3377:Louisville statue
3347:Jefferson Lecture
2800:First Barbary War
2749:Empire of Liberty
2691:French Revolution
2620:Committee of Five
2587:the United States
2450:
2449:
2437:Historic district
788:Spanish half real
781:glass bead making
392:(1797–1801), and
368:Wayles' daughter
280:
279:
268:November 11, 1971
260:November 12, 1969
252:Significant dates
3951:
3835:
3834:
3785:William Randolph
3727:(great-grandson)
3721:(great-grandson)
3641:Martha Jefferson
3556:Thomas Jefferson
3462:Jefferson nickel
3447:Other placenames
3372:Hempstead statue
3251:Virginia dynasty
3205:National Gazette
2894:Ratification Day
2630:physical history
2575:
2567:
2555:
2544:
2532:
2524:
2513:
2502:
2484:Thomas Jefferson
2477:
2470:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2230:Colonial Heights
2190:
2183:
2182:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1599:on March 1, 2021
1595:. Archived from
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1194:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1027:
958:
957:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
858:
796:adornment object
511:, and Newtonian
420:Francis W. Eppes
374:Thomas Jefferson
358:Thomas Jefferson
299:Thomas Jefferson
244:
231:
223:
220:
218:
207:Thomas Jefferson
191:
190:
188:
187:
186:
181:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
131:
125:
124:
118:
106:
100:
99:
93:
77:Thomas Jefferson
73:
24:
23:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3813:James Madison →
3796:
3731:Peter Jefferson
3697:(granddaughter)
3691:(granddaughter)
3665:Madison Hemings
3659:Harriet Hemings
3629:
3505:
3498:
3467:Two-dollar bill
3332:Jefferson River
3297:
3291:
3260:
3199:Pet mockingbird
3179:Religious views
3115:
3111:Founders Online
3054:
2987:
2980:
2865:accomplishments
2864:
2858:
2810:Burr conspiracy
2771:Cumberland Road
2766:Pike Expedition
2705:
2685:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2570:
2558:
2547:
2535:
2527:
2516:
2505:
2494:
2486:
2481:
2451:
2446:
2413:
2392:
2220:Charlottesville
2197:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2175:
1693:
1687:
1678:
1644:Wayback Machine
1618:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1488:
1481:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1386:
1385:
1374:
1367:
1353:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1195:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1094:"Poplar Forest"
1092:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1028:
961:
942:
941:
937:
927:
925:
914:"Poplar Forest"
912:
911:
907:
897:
895:
894:on June 8, 2008
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
860:
859:
855:
850:
828:
804:
769:
738:
729:
720:
698:
667:William (Billy)
643:
634:
632:Family networks
610:
549:
521:
496:octagonal house
465:Washington, DC.
449:
372:was married to
327:
303:Founding Father
215:
184:
182:
178:
175:
171:79°15′53.8194″W
170:
167:
165:
163:
162:
151:
142:
135:
134:
133:
132:
129:
128:
127:
126:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
101:
79:
60:
51:
42:
33:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3957:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3779:Isham Randolph
3776:
3775:(grand-nephew)
3773:Dabney S. Carr
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3572:Liberty's Kids
3568:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3527:
3519:
3510:
3508:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3442:Jefferson Rock
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3317:Mount Rushmore
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3194:Jefferson Pier
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3060:
3059:Other writings
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3038:Jefferson Hall
3035:
3030:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2966:
2964:Jefferson disk
2961:
2959:American Creed
2956:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2568:
2556:
2545:
2533:
2525:
2514:
2503:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2432:Property types
2429:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:Virginia Beach
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Fredericksburg
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2061:Prince William
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Northumberland
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1936:King and Queen
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
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1803:
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1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
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1628:
1617:
1616:External links
1614:
1611:
1610:
1580:
1555:
1530:
1523:
1505:
1491:Heath, Barbara
1479:
1470:Heath, Barbara
1461:
1436:
1404:
1372:
1365:
1308:
1280:
1255:
1230:
1209:(2): 487–498.
1178:
1153:
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1103:
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609:
606:
556:, Cumberland,
548:
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520:
517:
448:
445:
425:tenant farmers
390:Vice President
326:
323:
307:U.S. president
278:
277:
274:
270:
269:
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168:37°20′53.736″N
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3808:
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3781:(grandfather)
3780:
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3701:Francis Eppes
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3671:Eston Hemings
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3408:
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3402:Jefferson Lab
3400:
3398:
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3257:
3256:Ward republic
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3221:Betty Hemings
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3211:Sally Hemings
3209:
3207:
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3202:
3200:
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3036:
3034:
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3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:Poplar Forest
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2996:Barboursville
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
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2962:
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2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2934:Residence Act
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2919:republicanism
2917:
2915:
2912:
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2308:
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2305:Manassas Park
2303:
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2056:Prince George
2054:
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2051:Prince Edward
2049:
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2037:
2034:
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2029:
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2024:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
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2002:
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1994:
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1989:
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1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:Isle Of Wight
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
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1603:September 22,
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1117:
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1041:9780813062990
1037:
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1026:
1024:
1022:
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1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
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988:
986:
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968:
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945:
939:
923:
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879:
863:
857:
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843:
840:
838:
835:
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829:
823:
821:
815:
812:
808:
799:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
773:
764:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
742:
733:
724:
715:
712:
708:
702:
690:
687:
683:
682:Lydia Johnson
680:
677:
676:
675:John Hemmings
672:
668:
665:
661:
658:
654:
651:
648:
645:
644:
638:
629:
625:
623:
619:
615:
605:
603:
598:
594:
590:
581:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
544:
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538:
533:
525:
516:
514:
510:
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502:
497:
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484:
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478:
474:
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466:
462:
453:
444:
440:
432:
428:
426:
421:
416:
414:
409:
404:
402:
397:
396:(1801–1809).
395:
391:
388:(1790–1793),
387:
384:(1785–1789),
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
359:
355:
351:
349:
344:
340:
339:William Stith
336:
335:Late Woodland
332:
322:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:Poplar Forest
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
257:Added to NRHP
255:
250:
246:
239:
236:
233:
226:
222:
219:.poplarforest
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
161:
157:
154:
149:
145:
138:
117:
92:
82:
78:
72:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:Poplar Forest
29:
25:
19:
3830:
3824:Aaron Burr →
3820:← John Adams
3811:
3806:← John Adams
3804:
3611:
3600:2015 musical
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3535:1969 musical
3529:
3526:(1953 short)
3521:
3515:The Patriots
3513:
3307:Bibliography
3233:
3203:
3097:
3072:
3065:
3017:
2988:architecture
2986:Jeffersonian
2973:
2969:Swivel chair
2950:
2925:
2814:
2785:
2781:
2593:
2585:documents of
2383:Williamsburg
2315:Newport News
2310:Martinsville
2280:Harrisonburg
2255:Falls Church
2156:Westmoreland
2121:Spotsylvania
2071:Rappahannock
2041:Pittsylvania
1946:King William
1801:Chesterfield
1791:Charles City
1601:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1592:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1533:
1514:
1508:
1495:
1473:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1356:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:
1233:
1206:
1202:
1169:. Retrieved
1165:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1115:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1079:February 16,
1077:, retrieved
1071:
1064:
1031:
947:
938:
926:. Retrieved
922:the original
917:
908:
896:. Retrieved
892:the original
887:
878:
866:. Retrieved
856:
816:
806:
805:
792:legal tender
785:
774:
770:
750:
743:
739:
736:Quarter site
730:
721:
703:
699:
688:
681:
674:
666:
659:
652:
646:
635:
626:
611:
602:emancipation
586:
558:Charles City
550:
534:
530:
509:trigonometry
493:
458:
441:
437:
417:
405:
398:
367:
362:Thomas Sully
331:Paleo-Indian
328:
311:
282:
281:
276:May 13, 1969
18:
3791:Henry Soane
3767:Dabney Carr
3761:Samuel Carr
3591:(2015 play)
3559:(1997 film)
3551:(1995 film)
3518:(1946 play)
3241:Tufton Farm
3028:The Rotunda
2863:Other noted
2698:Co-author,
2566:(1775–1776)
2554:(1779–1781)
2543:(1783–1784)
2531:(1785–1789)
2523:(1790–1793)
2512:(1797–1801)
2501:(1801–1809)
2397:Other lists
2215:Buena Vista
2116:Southampton
2011:Northampton
1986:Mecklenburg
1941:King George
1896:Greensville
802:Present day
718:Slave sites
696:Archaeology
343:John Wayles
183: /
159:Coordinates
3853:Categories
3755:Peter Carr
3709:(grandson)
3703:(grandson)
3685:(grandson)
3679:(grandson)
3661:(daughter)
3655:(daughter)
3649:(daughter)
3613:Washington
3580:John Adams
3523:Ben and Me
3506:depictions
3296:Legacy and
3006:Monticello
3001:Farmington
2782:Chesapeake
2719:Transition
2711:Presidency
2388:Winchester
2378:Waynesboro
2338:Portsmouth
2330:Petersburg
2225:Chesapeake
2205:Alexandria
2151:Washington
2106:Shenandoah
2091:Rockingham
2086:Rockbridge
1996:Montgomery
1931:James City
1876:Gloucester
1821:Cumberland
1771:Buckingham
1726:Appomattox
1524:0806127929
1366:0813918677
1171:August 30,
848:References
777:seed beads
746:smokehouse
663:poisoning.
589:Monticello
477:Palladio's
469:Monticello
378:Monticello
305:and third
287:plantation
3751:(brother)
3605:2020 film
3540:1972 film
3299:memorials
3265:Elections
3102:(c. 1819)
2975:Megalonyx
2295:Lynchburg
2290:Lexington
2235:Covington
1991:Middlesex
1971:Lunenburg
1951:Lancaster
1881:Goochland
1866:Frederick
1831:Dinwiddie
1826:Dickenson
1796:Charlotte
1761:Brunswick
1756:Botetourt
1731:Arlington
1711:Alleghany
1706:Albemarle
1694:by county
1573:March 18,
1548:March 18,
1454:March 22,
1429:March 22,
1397:March 20,
1301:March 16,
1273:March 16,
1248:March 25,
1225:120864598
1146:March 25,
1121:March 24,
1050:cite book
562:Goochland
541:limestone
394:President
241:VLR
204:Architect
199:1806–1826
3837:Category
3769:(nephew)
3763:(nephew)
3757:(nephew)
3745:(sister)
3739:(mother)
3733:(father)
3595:Hamilton
3564:Liberty!
3504:Cultural
3322:Birthday
3236:magazine
3147:patriots
3033:The Lawn
2744:timeline
2625:authored
2583:Founding
2560:Delegate
2537:Delegate
2363:Staunton
2348:Richmond
2300:Manassas
2285:Hopewell
2260:Franklin
2240:Danville
2141:Tazewell
2126:Stafford
2076:Richmond
2046:Powhatan
2021:Nottoway
2006:New Kent
1921:Highland
1861:Franklin
1856:Fluvanna
1846:Fauquier
1816:Culpeper
1781:Caroline
1776:Campbell
1766:Buchanan
1701:Accomack
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1640:Archived
928:June 11,
898:June 23,
826:See also
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593:Elk Hill
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513:calculus
505:geometry
471:and the
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3120:Related
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2887:history
2849:Cabinet
2786:Leopard
2616:(1776)
2562:to the
2539:to the
2404:Bridges
2368:Suffolk
2353:Roanoke
2343:Radford
2320:Norfolk
2275:Hampton
2250:Fairfax
2245:Emporia
2210:Bristol
2198:by city
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2066:Pulaski
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1981:Mathews
1976:Madison
1961:Loudoun
1911:Henrico
1906:Hanover
1901:Halifax
1886:Grayson
1841:Fairfax
1786:Carroll
1746:Bedford
1736:Augusta
1721:Amherst
888:webpage
868:May 12,
761:opossum
757:venison
753:gimlets
622:buttons
614:tobacco
554:Amherst
547:Slavery
501:algebra
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325:History
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3643:(wife)
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3089:(1787)
3083:(1786)
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1871:Giles
1851:Floyd
1836:Essex
1811:Craig
1751:Bland
1692:Lists
1500:(PDF)
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685:1919.
670:sold.
660:Phill
618:wheat
575:Privy
285:is a
196:Built
3530:1776
3285:1804
3280:1800
3275:1796
2842:1805
2837:1802
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2171:York
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