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Polish side and allowed for brutal house searchers by his troops in which civilians were beaten, robbed, murdered and raped. Ukrainian forces also murdered prisoners of war during these events. A day later, Polish troops executed a group of
Ukrainian prisoners in retaliation. On 24 November 1919, the village of Bilka Szlachecka was attacked by Ukrainian forces, burned down and its civilian population massacred, with 45 civilians murdered and 22 wounded. In Chodaczkow Wielki, 4 Polish girls were murdered by Ukrainian soldiers and their bodies mutilated. A special Polish commission for investigation of these atrocities established that even more drastic events occurred, but refused to blame Ukrainian nation for them, putting the blame for them on small percentage of Ukrainian society, mainly soldiers, peasants and so called "half-intelligentsia", that is village teachers, officers and members of gendarmerie. The commission, which included representatives from Italy and France, established that in just three districts 90 murders were committed on civilians besides robberies. Numerous churches desecrated by Ukrainian forces as well. Nuns from three cloisters were raped and later murdered by being blown up by explosive grenades. There were cases of people being buried alive. The commission also noted however that several Ukrainian villagers had hidden Poles. The head of the commission, Zamorski recommended imprisonment of culprits of the atrocities, while establishing friendly relationship with Ukrainian population based on existing laws.
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and were even prepared to enter negotiations with the Polish side, but were met with armed resistance. Polish historians, however, describe numerous examples during which
Ukrainian troops used terror to subdue Poles into compliance. Ukrainian authorities tried to intimidate Polish population in Lviv by sending soldiers and armed trucks into the streets and dispersed crowds that could turn to Polish demonstrations. Ukrainian soldiers patrolled the streets with firearms and machine guns aimed at pedestrians; Polish sources claim that the Ukrainians shot bystanders who were looking at them from windows or building entrances, while Ukrainians claimed Poles were shooting at their soldiers from windows and behind gateways. Polish fighters also often dressed in civilian clothing when shooting at Ukrainian soldiers. According to historian Christoph Mick, both Poles and Ukrainians engaged in a propaganda war with each side accusing the other of war crimes and brutality. During fights over Lviv, Polish nurses who assisted wounded soldiers were said to have been captured by Ukrainian forces and tortured before being executed, while Ukrainians sources claimed that Polish soldiers shot Ukrainian medical patrols and accused Poles of rape and bloodlust.
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1434:(February 28) leaving almost 70% of the East Galician territory to Ukrainians, and Lviv with oil fields to Poland. The Ukrainians would be supplied with half of the oil production. The proposal was accepted by the Poles. The Allied demands, which included the loss of significant amount of Ukrainian-held and inhabited territory, were however deemed to excessively favor the Poles by the Ukrainians, who resumed their offensive on March 4. On March 5 Ukrainian artillery blew up the Polish forces' ammunition dump in Lviv; the resultant explosion caused a panic among Polish forces. The Ukrainians, however, failed to take advantage of this. During the time of the cease-fire, the Poles had been able to organize a relief force of 8,000–10,000 troops which by March 12 reached Przemyśl and by March 18 had driven the Ukrainian forces from the Lviv-Przemyśl railroad, permanently securing Lviv.
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by France (Haller's Army), which captured most of the territory of the West
Ukrainian People's Republic. Urgent telegrams by the Western allies to halt this offensive were ignored. Czechoslovakia, which had inherited seven oil refineries from prewar Austrian times and which was dependent on its contracts for oil with the Ukrainian government, demanded that the Poles send the Czechoslovaks the oil that had been paid for to the Ukrainian government. The Poles refused, stating that the oil was paid for with ammunition that had been used against Polish soldiers. Although the Czechoslovaks did not retaliate, according to Polish reports the Czechoslovaks considered seizing the oil fields from the Poles and returning them to the Ukrainians who would honor their contracts.
1399:, wanted to return home because they saw no reason to fight against Ruthenians over Ruthenian lands; the Polish forces were outnumbered by two to one and lacked ammunition. Despite being initially outnumbered, the Poles had certain advantages. Their forces had many more and better-trained officers resulting in a better disciplined and more mobile force; the Poles also enjoyed excellent intelligence and, due to their control of railroads behind their lines, were able to move their soldiers quite quickly. As a result, although the Poles had fewer total troops than did the Ukrainians, in particularly important battles they were able to bring in as many soldiers as did the Ukrainians.
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1709:, was friendly towards the Ukrainian government and sold it weapons in exchange for oil. France, on the other hand, strongly supported Poland in the conflict. The French hoped that a large, powerful Polish state would serve as a counterbalance to Germany and would isolate Germany from Soviet Russia. French diplomats consistently supported Polish claims to territories also claimed by Germany, Lithuania and Ukraine. France also provided large numbers of arms and ammunition, and French officers, most notably General Haller's forces, to Polish forces that were used against the western Ukrainian military, much to the horror of Lloyd George and
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3082:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at University of Alberta, pg.50 According to a confidential report written in January 1919 by Polish expert Roman Knoll within the Polish ministry of foreign affairs, based on a discussion with Col. Nienewski a deputy of Gen. Stanyslaw Szeptycki, "Soldiers from Congress Poland, in the units of the Bug group, are saying that 'they want to go back to Poland because they do not see any reason to fight Ruthenians concerning Ruthenian lands."
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Government officials in Poland and abroad repeatedly raised the issue of a possible link between
Germany and the West Ukrainian People's Republic, insisting that the Germans were financially supporting the West Ukrainian government and the Bolshevik revolution in Russia in order to sow a wave of political unrest and chaos in the region. However, the Ukrainians objected to such claims, arguing that the Poles only sought to portray the West Ukrainian People's Republic as pro-German and sympathetic to the
1225:, killing approximately 340 civilians. The Poles also interned a number of Ukrainian activists in detention camps. The Ukrainian government provided financial assistance to the Jewish victims of the violence and were able to recruit a Jewish battalion into their army. Some factions blame these atrocities on the Blue Army of General Haller. This is unlikely as this French-trained and supported fighting force did not leave France and the Western Front until April 1919, well after the rioting.
1701:, and to a lesser extent Italy were opposed to Polish expansion. Their representatives maintained that granting the territory of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic to Poland would violate the principle of national self-determination and that hostile national minorities would undermine the Polish state. In reality, the British policy was dictated by unwillingness to harm Russian interests in the region and alienate the future Russian state through preventing possible union of
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2025:. It was to remain on the Polish side of the truce line under the management of an international commission, with 50% of oil production to be transferred to the Ukrainian side. Poland and WUNR were only to be able to record the volume of production and pay for oil supplies. The project secured Entente interests in the oil basin and was the first step towards its neutralisation. At the time of the proposal, the territory of the basin was under the control of the
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British governments in the hopes of obtaining a favourable settlement at
Versailles. As a result of its efforts, the council of the League of Nations declared on February 23, 1921, that Galicia lay outside the territory of Poland and that Poland did not have the mandate to establish administrative control in that country and that Poland was merely the occupying military power of Galicia, the sovereign of which were the Allied Powers (pursuant to the Treaty of
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1513:. Despite this, the Poles dispatched Haller's army against the Ukrainians in order to break the stalemate in eastern Galicia. The Allies sent several telegrams ordering the Poles to halt their offensive, as using the French-equipped army against the Ukrainians specifically contradicted the conditions of the French assistance, but these were ignored, with the Polish side arguing that the Ukrainians were Bolshevik sympathizers. At the same time, on May 23,
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1418:, north of Lviv. Only a small number of troops together with Romer were able to break through to Lviv after suffering heavy losses. Between January 11 and January 13, Polish forces attempted to dislodge Ukrainian troops besieging Lviv from the south while at the same time Ukrainian troops attempted another general assault on Lviv. Both efforts failed. In February 1919, Polish troops attempting to capture
2813:. University of Nebraska Press, 2006. "One of the first and worst instances of anti-Jewish violence was Lviv pogrom, which occurred in the last week of November 1918. In three days 72 Jews were murdered and 443 others injured. The chief perpetrators of these murders were soldiers and officers of the so-called Blue Army, set up in France in 1917 by General Jozef Haller (1893–1960) and lawless civilians".
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Poland "taking into consideration that Poland has recognized that in regard to the eastern part of
Galicia ethnographic conditions fully deserve its autonomous status." After 1923, Galicia was internationally recognized as part of the Polish state. The government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic then disbanded, while Poland reneged on its promise of autonomy for Eastern Galicia.
1756:, proposed an armistice in May that would involve the (West) Ukrainians keeping the Drohobych oil fields and the Poles keeping Lviv. The Ukrainian side agreed to this proposal but it was rejected by the Poles on the grounds that it didn't take into consideration the overall military situation of Poland and the circumstances on the eastern front. The Bolshevik army broke through the
1033:. Galicia's leading social class were Polish nobles or descendants of Rus' gentry who had been Polonized in the past, but in the east of the province, Ruthenians (Ukrainians) were the majority of the peasants. Poles and Jews were responsible for most of the commercial and industrial development in Galicia in the late 19th century.
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Folia
Historica Cracoviensia 2004 Memoriał metropolity lwowskiego obrządku łacińskiego Józefa Bilczewskiego o relacjach ukraińsko-polskich w Galicji (Małopolsce) w latach 1914-1920 Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie page 456 "par. Biłka Szlachecka. Po napadzie ukraińskim na wieś 24 XI 1918
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According to Polish historians, during the course of the war, Ukrainian forces conducted massacres against the Polish population in
Sokoloniki where 500 buildings were burned down and circa 50 Poles killed. In Zamarstynow, a Ukrainian commander accused the Polish civilian population of supporting the
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Historian
Christoph Mick states there was no systematic violence nor massacres of ethnic Poles by Ukrainians during the course of this war but that both sides blamed each other for bloodshed. When Ukrainian forces first captured Lviv they refused to take hostages, tolerated Polish recruitment centers
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assumed the command of the Polish forces on June 27 and started yet another offensive, helped by two fresh Polish divisions. On June 28, the Polish offensive began. Short of ammunition and facing an enemy now twice its size, the
Ukrainian Galician Army and ZUNR leadership were pushed back to the line
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On February 14, Ukrainian forces began another assault on Lviv. By February 20, they were able to successfully cut off the rail links between Lviv and Przemysl, leaving Lviv surrounded and the Ukrainian forces in a good position to take the city. However, a French-led mission from the Entente arrived
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subversion, could have tilted the balance of power in favor of a Ukrainian state. Instead, it focused all of its resources on defending its Galician homeland. When the western Ukrainian forces transferred east in the summer of 1919 after they had been overwhelmed by the Poles, the Russian forces had
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forces and was advancing to Podolia and Volhynia. The Poles argued that they need military control over the whole of Eastern Galicia to secure the Russian front in its southern part and strengthen it by a junction with Romania. The Poles launched an attack soon afterward using a large force equipped
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on 16–18 July, after which ZUNR was occupied by Poland. Although the Ukrainian infantry had run out of ammunition, its artillery had not. This provided the Ukrainian forces with cover for an orderly retreat. Approximately 100,000 civilian refugees and 60,000 troops, 20,000 of whom were combat ready,
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Multiple incidents between the two nations occurred throughout the late 19th century and the early 20th century. In 1903, both Poles and Ukrainians held separate conferences in Lviv: the Poles in May and Ukrainians in August. Afterwards, the two national movements developed with contradictory goals,
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went into exile in Vienna, where it enjoyed the support of various West Ukrainian political emigrees as well as soldiers of the Galician army interned in Bohemia. Although not officially recognized by any state as the government of West Ukraine, it engaged in diplomatic activity with the French and
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to spread pro-Ukrainian sentiments among residents (the region was occupied by Hungarians and Czechoslovaks). Ukrainian troops fought with Czechoslovak and Hungarian local police. They succeeded in capturing some Hungarian-controlled Ukrainian settlements. After some clashes with Czechoslovaks, the
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Ukrainian forces continued to control most of eastern Galicia and were a threat to Lviv itself until May 1919. During this time, according to Italian and Polish reports, Ukrainian forces enjoyed high morale (an Italian observer behind Galician lines stated that the Ukrainians were fighting with the
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Myroslav Shkandrij. (2015) Ukrainian Nationalism: Politics, Ideology, and Literature, 1929-1956. New Haven: Yale University Press pg. 19 Cited passage states "After the war, in 1920-1921, Polish concentration camps held over one hundred thousand people. In many cases prisoners were denied food and
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After the war, in 1920–1921, over one hundred thousand people were placed in camps (often characterized as internment camps or sometimes as concentration camps) by the Polish government. In many cases, prisoners were denied food and medical attention, and some starved, died of disease or committed
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river, defeating five Polish divisions. Although the Polish forces had been forced to withdraw, they were able to prevent their forces from collapsing and avoided being encircled and captured. Thus, in spite of their victories, the Ukrainian forces were unable to obtain significant amounts of arms
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minority accepted or remained neutral towards the Ukrainian proclamation, while the city's Polish majority was shocked to find themselves in a proclaimed Ukrainian state. Since the West Ukrainian People's Republic was not internationally recognized and Poland's boundaries had not yet been defined,
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In attempt to end the war, in January 1919 an Allied commission led by a French general was sent to negotiate a peace treaty between the two sides, prompting a ceasefire. In February it recommended that the West Ukrainian People's Republic surrender a third of its territory, including the city of
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Ruthenian intelligentsia adopted the term Ukrainians to describe their nationality. They endeavored to promote a national culture, including efforts toward standardization of the Ukrainian language, and the establishment and support of Ukrainian cultural institutions such as scientific societies,
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did not constitute a government either de facto or de jure and did not have the right to represent any of the territories formerly belonging to the Austrian empire. After a long series of negotiations, on March 14, 1923, the Council of Ambassadors decided that Galicia would be incorporated into
1618:. Although the Ukrainian forces managed to push the Poles back approximately 120–150 km. they failed to secure a route to Czechoslovakia. This meant that they were unable to replenish their supply of arms and ammunition, and the resulting lack of supplies forced Hrekov to end his campaign.
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On December 9, 1918, Ukrainian forces broke through the outer defences of Przemyśl in the hope of capturing the city and thus cutting off Polish-controlled Lviv from central Poland. However, the Poles were able to quickly send relief troops and by December 17 the Ukrainians were forced back. On
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Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918-1919: działania bojowe, aspekty Grzegorz Łukomski, Czesław Partacz, Bogusław Polak Wydawn. Wyższej Szkoły Inżynierskiej w Koszalinie; Warszawa, 1994 page 103 "W Chodaczkowie Wielkim koło Tarnopola, żołnierze ukraińscy w maju 1919 r. zamordowali 4 polskie dziewczęta,
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During the winter of 1918–1919, a diplomatic offensive by the Polish government tried to tilt the opinions of the Allies in favor of fully backing the Polish cause and to counter German disinformation campaign, which aimed to weaken French, British and American support of the new Polish state.
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Thanks to fast and effective mobilization in December 1918, the Ukrainians possessed a large numerical advantage until February 1919 and pushed the Poles into defensive positions. According to an American report from the period of January 13 – February 1, 1919, Ukrainians eventually managed to
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Nationalizing a Borderland: War, Ethnicity, and Anti-Jewish Violence in East Galicia, 1914-1920. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, pp. 102–103. The author describes mass thefts, forced labor by Jewish women and children, ritual humiliation of Jews (beards being cut off, etc.), and
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were opposed by local self-defence units formed mostly of World War I veterans, students and children. However, skillful command, good tactics and high morale allowed Poles to resist the poorly planned Ukrainian attacks. In addition, the Poles were able to skillfully buy time and wait for
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December 27, bolstered by peasant troops sent to Galicia from Eastern Ukraine in the hopes that the Western Ukrainians would be able to form a disciplined force out of them, a general Ukrainian offensive against Lviv began. Lviv's defences held, and the eastern Ukrainian troops mutinied.
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Throughout the 19th and the early 20th centuries, the local Ukrainians attempted to persuade the Austrians to divide Galicia into Western (Polish) and Eastern (Ukrainian) provinces. The Austrians eventually agreed in principle to divide the province of Galicia. In October 1916, Emperor
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Dołud oskarżył polską ludność cywilną o udzielanie pomocy wrogowi (szpiegowanie, ostrzeliwanie ukraińskich żołnierzy) i zezwolił na przeprowadzenie brutalnych rewizji domów. Doszło do gwałtów, pobić, mordów i rabunków bezbronnych. Podwładni Dołuda dopuścili się także mordu na grupie
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destruction of sacred scrolls and prayer books in synagogues. He writes, "two Polish units – Poznan regiments and General Jozef Haller's Army – especially earned the reputation as notorious Jew baiters and staged brutal pogroms in Sambor, the Lwow district, and Grodek Jagiellonski."
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broke through the Ukrainian siege on November 21 and arrived in the city. The Ukrainians were repelled. Immediately after capturing the city, some in the local Jewish militia attacked Polish troops, while at the same time elements of the Polish forces as well as common criminals
1450:) was the only country that traded with the Western Ukrainian People's Republic and that supported it politically. Further conflict with the Czechoslovak authorities would have led to the complete economical and political isolation of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic.
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respectively). Although, the vast majority of the population of the Western-Ukrainian People's Republic were Ukrainians, few settlements, namely Lviv, had Polish majorities. In Lviv, the Ukrainian residents enthusiastically supported the proclamation. The city's significant
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Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg 146 "Particularly in the early stages, Polish fighters often wore civilian clothes without any signs identifying them as
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reinforcements through the arrangement of cease-fires with the Ukrainians. While Poles could count on widespread support from the civilian population, the Ukrainian side was largely dependent on help from outside the city. Other uprisings against Ukrainian rule erupted in
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After the war, the Ukrainian soldiers who fought became the subject of folk songs and their graves a site of annual pilgrimages in western Ukraine which persisted into Soviet times despite persecution by the Soviet authorities of those honoring the Ukrainian troops.
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According to a noted interwar Polish publicist, the Polish–Ukrainian War was the principal cause for the failure to establish a Ukrainian state in Kyiv in late 1918 and early 1919. During that critical time the Galician forces, large, well-disciplined and immune to
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Jochen Böhler. (2019). Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921: The Reconstruction of Poland. Oxford University Press, pg. 81 "100,000 Ukrainians were subsequently interred in the camps of the ultimately victorious Polish Army. One fifth of them fell to infectious
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lost their war, and Galicia became Polish, the experience of proclaiming a Ukrainian state and fighting for it significantly intensified and deepened the nationalistic Ukrainian orientation within Galicia. Since the interwar era, Galicia has been the center of
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at the Ukrainian headquarters on February 22 and demanded that the Ukrainian cease hostilities under threat of breaking all diplomatic ties between the Entente and the Ukrainian government. On February 25 the Ukrainian military suspended its offensive. The
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Overall, although there is no evidence of government-controlled mass persecutions of civilians by either the Ukrainians or the Poles, given the paramilitary nature of the fighting atrocities were committed by soldiers or paramilitaries from both sides.
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medical attention. Some starved; others died of disease or committed suicide. Among the interned were Jews and others of other nationalities who supported Ukrainian independence, and Jews figured among the witnesses who described the murder and abuse."
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treaty signed on 24 February 1919, and presented its proposals to the parties on 28 February, which was rejected by the West Ukrainian side. As a result of the failure to agree on the demarcation line, Polish-Ukrainian hostilities resumed on 2 March.
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diets as well as leaders of Ukrainian political parties, was formed. The council announced the intention to unite the West Ukrainian lands into a single state. As the Poles were taking their own steps to take over Lviv and Eastern Galicia, Captain
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on 15 February 1919. The truce, along the Barthelemy Line, was to be purely military and not affect the decisions of the Paris Peace Conference in any way. An integral part of the convention was to be a supplementary treaty concerning the
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suicide. The victims included not only Ukrainian soldiers and officers but also priests, lawyers and doctors who had supported the Ukrainian cause. The death toll at these camps was estimated at 20,000 from diseases or 30,000 people.
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and authorized the Polish government to establish an interim civil administration, which would preserve as far as possible the territorial autonomy and liberties of the inhabitants. On November 21, 1919, the Highest Council of the
2029:. For the West Ukrainian government, the terms of the Armistice Convention were unfavourable; however, they offered a chance to compromise with Poland and obtain international recognition of the Ukrainian state by the Entente.
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the Poles killed approximately 340 civilians, 2/3 of them Ukrainians and the rest Jews. According to Christoph Mick, only Jews were killed during these events and Ukrainians, while subject to hostile acts, were not murdered.
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When Poles captured Lviv, a mixed group of Polish criminals released from prisons, militiamen and some regular soldiers pillaged the Jewish and Ukrainian parts of the city, and abusing local civilians. According to historian
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The Polish side accepted this solution, but the Ukrainian delegation insisted on the 'San line'. As a result of the Ukrainian disapproval, the Entente delegation made another attempt at mediation. This was carried out by the
1209:. In Przemyśl, local Ukrainian soldiers quickly dispersed to their homes and Poles seized the bridges over the River San and the railroad to Lviv, enabling the Polish forces in that city to obtain significant reinforcements.
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In city of Lwów (Lviv), the population in 1910 was approximately 60% Polish and 12% Ukrainian. Poles considered Lviv to be one of Poland's cultural capitals and not having a control over the city was unthinkable for them.
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Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918-1919: działania bojowe, aspekty polityczne, kalendarium Grzegorz Łukomski, Czesław Partacz, Bogusław Polak Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Inżynierskiej w Koszalinie; Warszawa, 1994 - 285 page 96
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Walter de Gruyter, 1993. "In Lwów, a city whose fate was disputed, the Jews tried to maintain their neutrality between Poles and Ukrainians, and in reaction a pogrom was held in the city under auspices of the Polish
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The Polish and Ukrainian forces struggled on the diplomatic as well as military fronts both during and after the war. The Ukrainians hoped that the western allies of World War I would support their cause because the
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prevailed in the Inter-Socialist Commission for Poland, which advocated the purely military nature of possible agreements with the West Ukrainian People's Republic, without prejudging any political issues. Indeed,
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2166:. Interned Polish civilians, soldiers and Catholic priests were held during the winter months in unheated barracks or railway cars with little food, many subsequently died from exposure to the cold, starvation and
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Czesław Partacz – Wojna polsko-ukraińska o Lwów i Galicję Wschodnią 1918-1919 Przemyskie Zapiski Historyczne – Studia i materiały poświęcone historii Polski Południowo-Wschodniej. 2006-09 R. XVI-XVII (2010) page
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Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918-1919: działania bojowe, aspekty polityczne, kalendarium. Grzegorz Łukomski, Czesław Partacz, Bogusław Polak. Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Inżynierskiej w Koszalinie; Warszawa, 1994 page
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Czesław Partacz – Wojna polsko-ukraińska o Lwów i Galicję Wschodnią 1918-1919 Przemyskie Zapiski Historyczne – Studia i materiały poświęcone historii Polski Południowo-Wschodniej. 2006-09 R. XVI-XVII (2010) page
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On November 9 Polish forces attempted to seize the Drohobych oil fields by surprise, but, outnumbered by the Ukrainians, they were driven back. The Ukrainians retained control over the oil fields until May 1919.
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Kania, Leszek. (2007). ADMINISTRACJA POLSKICH OBOZÓW DLA JEŃCÓW I INTERNOWANYCH WOJENNYCH W POLSKO-UKRAIŃSKIEJ WOJNIE O GALICJĘ WSCHODNIĄ (1918-1919), page 194. Instytut Prawa i Administracji PWSZ w Sulechowie.
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Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918-1919: działania bojowe, aspekty polityczne, kalendarium Grzegorz Łukomski, Czesław Partacz, Bogusław Polak Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Inżynierskiej w Koszalinie; Warszawa, 1994 page
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Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918-1919: działania bojowe, aspekty polityczne, kalendarium Grzegorz Łukomski, Czesław Partacz, Bogusław Polak Wydawnicwo Wyższej Szkoły Inżynierskiej w Koszalinie; Warszawa, 1994 page
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Czesław Partacz – Wojna polsko-ukraińska o Lwów i Galicję Wschodnią 1918-1919 Przemyskie Zapiski Historyczne – Studia i materiały poświęcone historii Polski Południowo-Wschodniej. 2006-09 R. XVI-XVII (2010)
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led the group of young Ukrainian officers in a decisive action and during the night of October 31 – November 1, the Ukrainian military units, consisting of 1,400 soldiers and 60 officers, took control over
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On June 25, 1919, the Allied Council legitimized Polish control over Eastern Galicia through the resolution that approved military occupation by Polish forces, including Haller's Army, up to the river
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the French representative on the commission, warned the Ukrainians that their military advantage could disappear quickly once General Haller's Polish Army arrived from France." John Stephen Reshetar.
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oil fields. The Ukrainians refused as the truce did not correspond to ethnology of the country or the military situation, and broke diplomatic ties with Poland. In mid-March 1919, the French marshal
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Subcommittee for the Suspension of Arms on the Front of the Polish-Ukrainian Struggle in Eastern Galicia' was formed on 15 February 1919. Chairman: Joseph Barthélemy. Members: Robert Howard Lord (
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Following the war, the French, who had supported Poland diplomatically and militarily, obtained control over the eastern Galician oil fields under conditions that were very unfavorable to Poland.
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The timing of proclamation of the Republic caught the Polish ethnic population and administration by surprise. The new Ukrainian Republic claimed sovereignty over Eastern Galicia, including the
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was to be held there, and obliged the Polish government to give territorial autonomy to the region. This decision was suspended on 22 December 1919 and never implemented. On April 21, 1920,
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on 1 November thwarted these plans, so the Entente states began to press both the Poles and Galicians to seek a settlement and adopt the demarcation line proposed by the allied states.
1059:, who adopted a Ukrainian identity and considered himself a Ukrainian patriot, in October 1918 two regiments of mostly Ukrainian troops were garrisoned in Lemberg (modern Lviv). As the
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As a result, on 1st November 1918 the Polish-Ukrainian war of Eastern Galicia broke out. It spread throughout the entire province and ended with a Polish victory only in mid-July 1919.
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The successful Chortkiv offensive halted primarily because of a lack of arms – there were only 5–10 bullets for each Ukrainian soldier. The West Ukrainian government controlled the
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surround Lviv on three sides. The city's inhabitants were deprived of water supply and electricity. Ukrainian army also held villages on both sidelines of the railway leading to
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1694:. Accordingly, the diplomats of the West Ukrainian People's Republic hoped that the West would compel Poland to withdraw from territories with a Ukrainian demographic majority.
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were established, Ruthenian political parties formed and attempts were begun to revive their national culture. In the late 1890s and the first decades of the next century, the
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For Poles living in Eastern Galicia, the victory of the Polish forces over the Ukrainian Galician Army and the prospect of the region becoming part of the newly reconstructed
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violence and looting by disorganized Polish mobs, as in Lviv in 1918, and by Polish military units operating against the orders of their officers, in particular, those of the
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were defeated by the Ukrainian defenders with heavy losses, although the poor mobility of the Ukrainian troops prevented them from taking advantage of this victory.
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By the end of November 1918, Polish forces controlled Lviv and the railroad linking Lviv to central Poland through Przemyśl, while Ukrainians controlled the rest of
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Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 177-184
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Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg 146-150
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with which it planned to purchase arms for the struggle, but for political and diplomatic reasons weapons and ammunition could only be sent to Ukraine through
744:
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5607:
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3821:
Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 161
3812:
Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 159
3780:
Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 180
3702:
Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, pg. 150
1517:
opened a second front against Ukrainian forces, demanding their withdrawal from the southern sections of eastern Galicia, including the temporary capital of
6295:
4073:
Władysław Nekrasz: Harcerze w bojach. Przyczynek do udziału harcerzy polskich w walkach o niepodległość Ojczyzny w latach 1914-1921. Warszawa: 1930, s. 57.
1237:
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Fighting between Ukrainian and Polish forces was concentrated around the declared Ukrainian capital of Lviv and the approaches to that city. In Lviv, the
1022:
and had a Ukrainian majority. In Galicia, Ukrainians made up approximately 58% of the population, Poles made up 34% of the population, and Jews about 8%.
6430:
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2020:
1281:, including the areas south and north of the railroad into Lviv. Thus, the Polish-controlled city of Lviv (Lwów) faced Ukrainian forces on three sides.
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1505:, numbering 60,000 troops, was well equipped by the Western Allies and partially staffed with experienced French officers specifically to fight the
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In this situation, General Barthelemy presented his compromise proposal on 28 January 1919. The armistice line was to run along the Bug River to
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in Lviv; beginning in the early 20th century, a national consciousness developed among the broader Ruthenian population, which was mainly rural.
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1741:, who wanted to use Poland as an operational base for an offensive against the Red Army, brought the issue of Polish–Ukrainian war before the
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Wendland, Anna Veronika (2003). "Post-Austrian Lemberg: War Commemoration, Interethnic Relations, and Urban Identity in L'viv, 1918–1939".
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Mantoux, Paul, Arthur S Link, and Manfred F Boemeke. The Deliberations of the Council of Four (March 24-June 28, 1919). Princeton, N.J.:
1998:
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Myroslav Shkandrij. (2015) Ukrainian Nationalism: Politics, Ideology, and Literature, 1929-1956. New Haven: Yale University Press pg. 19
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Rafał Galuba, "Let us be judged by sword and blood ...". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919, Poznań 2004,
3562:
Rafał Galuba, "Let us be judged by sword and blood ...". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919, Poznań 2004,
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Christopher Mick. (2016). Lemberg, Lwow, and Lviv 1914-1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City Purdue University Press pg. 210
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1980:
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at the League of Nations. The Council of Ambassadors in Paris stated on July 8, 1921, that so-called "West Ukrainian Government" of
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The origins of the conflict lie in the complex nationality situation in Galicia at the turn of the 20th century. As a result of the
4524:
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Rafał Galuba, „Niech nas rozsądzi miecz i krew...”. Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918–1919, Poznań 2004,
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and appealed for large-scale Polish-Romanian military operation which would be conducted with Allied support, as well as sending
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After two months of heavy fighting the conflict was resolved in March 1919 by fresh and well-equipped Polish units under General
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2245:, after 146 years of foreign domination caused a great wave of excitement. In the years after the war, battles such as that of
1967:
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Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Originally published in Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984). University of Toronto Press.
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Dabrowski, Major Jerzy, Outline of the Wartime History of the 45th Regiment of Eastern Frontier Infantry Riflemen, Warsaw 1928
1485:
On May 14, 1919, a Polish general offensive began throughout Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. It was carried out by units of the
1305:) handed over the government to the local Polish national committees. In November–December 1918, the Poles also advanced into
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Christoph Mick. (2015). Lemberg, Lwow, Lviv, 1914–1947: Violence and Ethnicity in a Contested City. West Lafayette, Indiana:
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Wyczolkowski, Major Stefan, Outline of the Wartime History of the 43rd Regiment of the Eastern Frontier Riflemen, Warsaw 1928
2342:
2204:, the region itself remained within Soviet Ukraine after the war and currently forms the westernmost part of now independent
4256:
3913:
Jochen Böhler. (2019). Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921: The Reconstruction of Poland. Oxford University Press, pg. 81
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Jochen Böhler. (2019). Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921: The Reconstruction of Poland. Oxford University Press, pg. 78
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17:
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Jochen Böhler. (2018) Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921: The Reconstruction of Poland. Oxford University Press pg. 81
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The ethnic composition of Galicia underlaid the conflict between the Poles and Ukrainians there. The Austrian province of
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4499:
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France and Her Eastern Allies, 1919–1925: French-Czechoslovak-Polish Relations from the Paris Peace Conference to Locarno
2909:
Bobrowski, Major Stanislaw, Outline of the Wartime History of the 44th Regiment of Eastern Frontier Riflemen, Warsaw 1929
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1805:
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3838:, page 228; M. Klimecki, Polsko-ukraińska wojna o Lwów i Wschodnią Galicję. Aspekty polityczne i wojskowe, Warszawa 1997
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Eberhardt, Piotr (2012). "The Curzon line as the eastern boundary of Poland. The Origins and the political background".
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with Russia. In addition, Britain was interested in Western Ukraine's oil fields. Czechoslovakia, itself involved in a
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M. Klimecki, Polsko-ukraińska wojna o Lwów i Wschodnią Galicję. Aspekty polityczne i wojskowe, Warszawa 1997 page 102
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claims that armed units of the Ukrainian People's Republic were also responsible for rapes, looting, and massacres in
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railway line was to remain in Ukrainian hands. This was to be a temporary line, until the matter was settled by the
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occupied Chernivtsi. The Ukrainian administration and its military support retreated from the city the day before.
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were remembered as outstanding examples of Polish heroism and resilience. Children and young defenders of the
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Terrorem usiłowano milionową społeczność polską zmusić do spokoju i respektowania zarządzeń władz ukraińskich
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39:
2134:
Both sides conducted mass arrests of civilians. By July 1919, as many as 25,000 Poles ended up in Ukrainian
1866:
1651:
1494:
1343:, where Jews were robbed and killed by regiments of Kozyr-Zyrka affiliated with Symon Petlura's government.
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3654:"Let us be judged by sword and blood ...". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918-1919
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Nastal, Stanislaw I., The Blue Division, Polish Army Veteran's Association in America, Cleveland, Ohio 1922
2281:
2006:
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Spießer, Patrioten, Revolutionäre: Militärische Mobilisierung und gesellschaftliche Ordnung in der Neuzeit
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Allied diplomatic mission to Poland in Lwów, February 1919. First row from the left: Stanisław Wańkowicz,
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1706:
1642:
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252:
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7554:
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7174:
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6483:
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5536:
5301:
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5188:
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1587:, a former general in the Russian army, started a counter-offensive, and after three weeks advanced to
1064:
1014:. The land included the territory of historical importance to Poland, including the ancient capital of
967:, the Austrians, concerned by Polish demands for greater autonomy within the province, gave support to
963:
was the perfect ground for the development of both Polish and Ukrainian national movements. During the
3252:. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at University of Alberta, pp. 48–58
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tanks. With its arrival in Lwów, the Ukrainians had to face the fourth largest tank unit in the world.
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line. It then travelled to Lviv, meeting with the Ukrainian delegation. The Ukrainians opted for the
1382:, constructed by the Polish defenders of Lwów, decked with the White Eagle and an American Flag, 1918
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Approximately 10,000 Poles and 15,000 Ukrainians, mostly soldiers, died during this war. Ukrainian
1902:
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1003:
921:
674:
238:
93:
43:
3518:
Recognition of Governments in International Law: With Particular Reference to Governments in Exile
3281:. Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at the University of Toronto, pp. 241–242
3102:. Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at the University of Toronto, pp. 192–211
3008:. Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at the University of Toronto, pp. 179–184
2675:
Cultural Politics in Greater Romania: Regionalism, Nation Building, and Ethnic Struggle, 1918–1930
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5022:
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2775:
P. J. Wróbel. "The revival of Poland and Paramilitary Violence. 1918–1920." In: Rüdiger Bergien.
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2026:
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1786:
1722:
1521:. This resulted in a loss of territory, ammunition and further isolation from the outside world.
1510:
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territory that was part of Poland from 1434, and was seized by Austria in 1772, during the First
925:
415:
154:
5243:
3931:Żurawski vel Grajewsk, Przemysław (2017). MĘCZEŃSTWO KRESÓW 1918-1956, page 12. Biblioteka WEI.
2757:. Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press at the University of Toronto, pp. 44–48
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the issue of ownership of the disputed territory was reduced to a question of military control.
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4268:
Ukrainian-Polish War in Galicia, 1918–19 in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993)
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2867:
Nationalizing a Borderland: War, Ethnicity, and Anti-Jewish Violence in East Galicia, 1914–1920
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1994:
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906:
883:
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195:
122:
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vol. II 1914-1939, first national edition, Gdańsk 1990, published by Oficyna wydawnicza Graf,
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After two weeks of heavy fighting within Lviv, an armed unit under the command of Lt. Colonel
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5103:
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Czesław Mazurczak: Harcerstwo Sanockie 1910–1949. Kraków: Harcerska Oficyna Wydawnicza, 1990.
3649:
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2222:
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1990:
1894:
1794:
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1395:"courage of the doomed") while many of the Polish soldiers, particularly from what had been
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6952:
6577:
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1916:. Initially, the mission familiarised itself with the Polish position, which opted for the
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1687:
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1621:
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On 6 November, a new Ukrainian polity was proclaimed in the Northern half of the region of
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8:
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The Ukrainian-Polish Defensive Alliance, 1919–1921: An Aspect of the Ukrainian Revolution
3080:
The Ukrainian-Polish Defensive Alliance, 1919–1921: an aspect of the Ukrainian revolution
2611:
1955:
1897:
countries sought to form a common anti-Bolshevik front, which was to include the Polish,
1818:
1742:
1655:
1442:
1298:
1289:
Immediately after the collapse of Austria-Hungary, Polish forces had captured the Kholm (
1109:
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964:
433:
98:
6662:
6332:
2789:
1071:), consisting of Ukrainian members of the Austrian parliament and regional Galician and
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3067:
We Are Here! American Pilots of the Kosciuszko Squadron in Defense of Poland, 1919–1921
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1698:
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1490:
1463:
1154:
983:
861:
773:
215:
136:
2927:
Skarzynski, Lt. Wincenty, The Polish Army in France in Light of the Facts, Warsaw 1929
1697:
Opinion among the allies was divided. Britain, under the leadership of prime minister
1474:
897:
The conflict had its roots in ethnic, cultural, and political differences between the
689:
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4221:: А–Ж. Івано-Франківськ : Манускрипт-Львів, 2018. 688 с. ISBN 978-966-2067-44-6
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3032:
Richard Pipes. "The Ukrainian pogroms during the Russian Civil War." In: B. Frankel.
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2694:
2576:
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1584:
1406:
From January 6-January 11, 1919 a Polish attack by 5,000 newly recruited forces from
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and ammunition. By June 27 the Ukrainian forces had advanced 120 km. along the
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7196:
7135:
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6885:
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4761:
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4032:. Hamilton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, McMaster University. pp. 21–22
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Howard's proposal was not supported by a majority of the Commission. Rafał Galuba,
3616:
2655:
by Nicholas Litvin. Dissertation for Doctor of History, National Library of Ukraine
2568:
2330:
2193:
1912:, a peacekeeping mission under the command of General Joseph Barthelemy arrived in
1666:
1563:, the Polish offensive was halted and Haller's troops assumed defensive positions.
1431:
1019:
679:
7382:
2645:
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A Laboratory of Transnational History: Ukraine and Recent Ukrainian Historiography
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advocated linking the possible agreement with WUNR to the promise of recognition
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signed with Austria in September 1919) and whose fate would be determined by the
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2988:, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich, Scarecrow Press, 2013,
2324:
2276:
1269:, first commander of the Ukrainian Galician Army, flanked by two officers, 1918.
391:
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5436:
5281:
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4819:
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1986:
1939:
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in exchange for the acceptance of Polish–Ukrainian border on the river Zbruch.
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910:
856:
3499:
Biographical dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century
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2334:
1297:) area; shortly thereafter the Austrian commandants in southwestern Volhynia (
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5465:
4908:
4825:
4736:
3604:
2580:
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Literary Canon Formation as Nation-Building in Central Europe and the Baltics
2234:
grown significantly, and the impact of the Galicians was no longer decisive.
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2002:
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1525:
1344:
1332:
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1950:(leaving Mikolajiv on the Ukrainian side), then along the railway line Lviv-
1529:
929:
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3022:. Ukrainian National Association, University of Toronto Press. p. 760.
2188:
which included Galicia and Volhynia. Galicia and Volhynia were attached to
2181:
1765:
1631:
1626:
1524:
The Ukrainian lines were broken, mostly due to the withdrawal of the elite
2192:, which at that time was a republic of the Soviet Union. According to the
1773:
granted Eastern Galicia to Poland for a period of 25 years, after which a
1101:
317:
7201:
6496:
5844:
5749:
5447:
4882:
4303:
3871:
r. w niedzielę i podpaleniu wsi, zastrzelono 45 osób, a 22 odniosły rany"
3637:
2810:
Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present
2116:
1932:
1917:
1753:
1552:
1542:
1486:
1478:
1313:, but were stopped in western Volhynia by the troops of gen. M. Osetsky.
1278:
1217:
6505:
2824:
Hostages of Modernization: Studies on Modern Antisemitism, 1870-1933/39.
1926:
1674:, showing borders left undefined between the treaties of Brest-Litovsk,
1388:
1316:
As Polish units tried to seize control of the region, the forces of the
1206:
1198:
27:
1918-19 conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces
6686:
6681:
4105:
Konflikt polsko-ukraiński w prasie Polski Zachodniej w latach 1918–1923
2845:
Hostages of Modernization: Studies on Modern Antisemitism, 1870–1933/39
2147:
2135:
2087:
1774:
1718:
1611:
1588:
1506:
1467:
1415:
1252:
976:
972:
968:
902:
623:
6517:
2790:"Poles were upset that a Jewish militia was shooting at Polish troops"
1690:
that ended the first world war was based on the principle of national
5639:
5406:
2230:
2155:
2033:
1734:
1608:
1600:
river and on another they had advanced 150 km, past the town of
1548:
1533:
1411:
1370:
Polish and Ukrainian soldiers in Lviv (Lwów) during a ceasefire, 1918
1306:
1194:
3742:
Lwów 1918-1919 Michał Klimecki Dom Wydawniczy Bellona, 1998, page 99
2972:
Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, University of Washington Press, 2017,
2955:
2953:
2951:
1913:
1556:
1144:
1015:
7841:
7600:
7444:
5899:
4240:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918-1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 4
4233:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918-1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 3
4226:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918–1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 2
4219:Західно-Українська Народна Республіка 1918–1923. Енциклопедія. Т. 1
3292:
3215:
2159:
2128:
2120:
2108:
2075:
Polish–Ukrainian War 1918–1919. Polish defenders of Chyrów (modern
1963:
1947:
1830:
1798:
1348:
1233:
1113:
1105:
1072:
987:
933:
353:
224:
220:
108:
103:
4055:
Ciebie Polsko Orlęta Lwowskie. Dziecko – bohater. „Panteon Polski”
1167:(in Polish historiography called the Defense of Lwów) against the
6572:
4043:
The Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv
3957:
3955:
3279:
Western Ukraine in Conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918–1923
3100:
Western Ukraine in Conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918–1923
3006:
Western Ukraine in Conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918–1923
2948:
2755:
Western Ukraine in Conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918–1923
2386:
The Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv
2205:
2151:
2139:
1597:
1566:
1514:
1310:
1121:
1117:
4251:
3114:"According to a member of the Ukrainian delegation in Lviv, Dr.
1670:"Poland & The New Baltic States": a map from a 1920 British
1497:. This army, composed of Polish forces which had fought for the
2080:
2076:
1943:
1583:
On June 8, 1919, the Ukrainian forces under the new command of
1419:
1340:
1336:
1202:
1158:
1093:
was proclaimed on November 13, 1918, with Lviv as its capital.
819:
4272:
4257:
Eyewitness description of the war from a Ukrainian perspective
3952:
3698:
3696:
3047:
Crimes and Mass Violence of the Russian Civil Wars (1918-1921)
2196:
decisions, while the Polish population of Eastern Galicia was
909:
and both Ukrainian republics emerged from the collapse of the
882:, from November 1918 to July 1919, was a conflict between the
6067:
3619:) The sub-commission was to bring about the cessation of the
3445:
Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States
2325:
Aistė Kučinskienė; Viktorija Šeina; Brigita Speičytė (2021).
2257:
became household names in Poland during the interwar period.
2163:
2092:
2010:
1989:. The sub-commission consisted of General Joseph Barthelemy (
1959:
1951:
1671:
1601:
1592:
1302:
979:; their goal was to be recognized as a distinct nationality.
4122:"Trudne sąsiedztwo. Stosunki polsko-ukraińskie w X-XX wieku"
2959:
Volodymyr Kubiĭovych, Ukrainian National Association, 1963,
1946:, then along the Bóbrka-Wybranka railway line, westwards to
1749:
to Poland immediately to relieve Lviv from Ukrainian siege.
1551:
line. The Polish advance was accompanied by a large wave of
4185:, 3rd ed., Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wrocław 2001,
3889:
3887:
3693:
3120:
The Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1920: A Study of Nationalism
2246:
1838:
with the partition proposals from January and February 1919
1730:
1576:
1126:
1086:
3400:. London Oxford University Press, Hodder & Stoughton.
3110:
3108:
1559:
regiments and Haller's army. Following the demands of the
6557:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
4197:
The origins of the Polish-Ukrainian conflict in 1918–1919
2880:
Jews in Ukrainian Literature: Representation and Identity
2104:
1339:
in this region took place in January 1919 in the town of
3884:
3130:
3128:
1752:
Another Allied commission, led by South African General
1446:
Ukrainians retreated because Czechoslovakia (instead of
939:
Poland won back the disputed territory on 18 July 1919.
4252:
Pygmy Wars. Eastern Europe's Bloody struggles 1918-1923
3105:
2540:
2099:
and a Polish soldier Wiktor Borczyk with his son, 1918.
4152:
Najnowsza Historia Polityczna Polski, Tom 2, 1919–1939
4045:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 169–170
1985:
subcommittee set up on 15 February 1919 and headed by
1882:, that was supposed to cease the fighting between the
4006:. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 234–235
4004:
Oil Empire: Visions of Prosperity in Austrian Galicia
3125:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
2945:. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 207–228
2943:
Oil Empire: Visions of Prosperity in Austrian Galicia
2422:"The Making of Modern Ukraine: The Western Dimension"
2216:
Although the 70 to 75 thousand men who fought in the
1223:
looted the Jewish and Ukrainian quarters of the city
4139:
Zajęcie Małopolski Wschodniej i Wołynia w roku 1919
3347:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. 370–371
3144:. University of Kansas, lecture notes by professor
3034:
A Restless Mind: Essays in Honor of Amos Perlmutter
3000:
2998:
2634:
Red Prince: The Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke
2253:, who lost their lives defending the city, such as
1029:The religious and ethnic divisions corresponded to
951:
Polish–Ukrainian and Polish–Soviet Wars, early 1919
7509:
4019:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pg. 131
3085:
2698:, pp. 367–368, University of Toronto Press, 2000,
936:regions formerly belonging to the Russian Empire.
3451:. U.S. Government Printing Office: 854–855. 1919.
3122:. Princeton University Press. 1952. pp. 273, 176.
2449:, Central European University Press, 2009, p. 199
1901:, Romanian and Ukrainian armies. The outbreak of
1511:forces of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic
959:'s relative leniency toward national minorities,
7931:
4017:Intellectuals and the Articulation of the Nation
4015:Ronald Grigor Suny, Michael D. Kennedy. (2001).
3497:Kofman, Jan; Roszkowski, Wojciech, eds. (2008).
3496:
2995:
2974:Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918
2473:Globalisation and the Nation in Imperial Germany
1860:In an attempt to stop the war, a French general
1804:Following this agreement, the government of the
243:
5249:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
3534:
3532:
3530:
3339:
3337:
2841:"Ethnic Diversity in Twentieth Century Poland."
1954:to the border of the disputed territory in the
1725:, which stalled the Polish military offensive.
1604:. They came to within two days' march of Lviv.
1361:
1116:(the last two territories were also claimed by
1063:government collapsed, on October 18, 1918, the
6768:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
6474:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3209:
3207:
2685:
2683:
2608:A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change
1721:because of a successful defense put up by the
1567:Chortkiv Offensive and ultimate Polish victory
1414:was repulsed by Western Ukrainian forces near
7495:
6438:
6424:
4288:
4168:, University of Toronto Press: Toronto 1996,
3644:(of which WUNR was formally a part after the
3538:
2882:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 94–95
2713:
2711:
2595:A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its People
2460:A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its People
1575:Shell from Polish–Ukrainian war 1918–1919 in
805:
639:
68:(8 months, 2 weeks and 3 days)
3527:
3487:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. 2007. p. lviii.
3460:
3458:
3398:"A history of the Peace Conference of Paris"
3334:
2597:. University of Toronto Press. 2010. p. 419.
2462:. University of Toronto Press. 2010. p. 471.
1942:, then along the border of the districts to
1908:On 19 January 1919, by the order of General
1437:On January 6–11 of 1919 a small part of the
1255:. It was dissolved on 11 November, when the
6764:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
6752:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
5732:
3881:obcięli im piersi i używali ich jako piłek"
3421:
3419:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3204:
3194:Bitter Glory: Poland and Its Fate 1918–1939
2937:
2935:
2933:
2740:
2738:
2680:
2396:
2394:
7502:
7488:
6610:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
6431:
6417:
4295:
4281:
3369:Bolshevism and Poland, Paris - June, 1919
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
2766:Chris Hann, Paul R. Magocsi, 2005, p. 144.
2708:
2416:
2414:
1871:proposed a demarcation line, known as the
1528:. On May 27 the Polish forces reached the
1351:, in which 500–700 Jews lost their lives.
1163:A painting depicting Polish youths in the
1041:promised to do so once the war had ended.
812:
798:
646:
632:
50:
6615:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
6605:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
3512:
3510:
3508:
3464:
3455:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3017:
2961:Ukraine, a Concise Encyclopedia, Volume 1
2546:
2487:
2485:
1328:already controlled by the Polish troops.
127:
77:
6903:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
5531:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
3416:
3268:
3191:
2930:
2735:
2558:
2391:
2388:. Harvard University Press. 2011. p. 30.
2086:
2070:
2032:The commission succeeded in getting the
1829:
1665:
1641:
1570:
1473:
1457:
1373:
1365:
1284:
1261:
1179:Final stage of the Polish–Ukrainian War.
1174:
1137:
946:
653:
113:
7754:Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic
6464:History of Polish intelligence services
5908:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
4141:, Książnica Atlas, Lwów – Warszawa 1928
3543:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3310:
3020:Ukraine, a Concise Encyclopedia, Vol. 1
2677:. Cornell University Press. 2000. p. 56
2496:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
2491:
2411:
14:
7932:
7855:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
7417:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
3774:
3505:
3372:"Full text of "Bolshevism and Poland""
3225:
2482:
2040:
2009:). The subcommittee presented a draft
1466:included the 1st Tank Regiment of 120
999:which was a cause of the later clash.
7483:
6810:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
6412:
5861:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
5204:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
4276:
3395:
3018:Kubijovyč, Volodymyr E., ed. (1963).
2835:
2833:
1453:
793:
627:
7884:Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia
7000:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
6653:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
6265:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
4030:Poland and Ukraine, Past and Present
3584:Najnowsza historia polityczna Polski
3443:"The Paris Peace Conference, 1919".
3396:Temperley, Harold William Vazeille.
3277:Vasyl Kuchabsky, Gus Fagan. (2009).
3185:
3098:Vasyl Kuchabsky, Gus Fagan. (2009).
3004:Vasyl Kuchabsky, Gus Fagan. (2009).
2869:. University of Alabama Press. p. 99
2753:Vasyl Kuchabsky, Gus Fagan. (2009).
2378:
1903:Polish-Ukrainian hostilities in Lviv
975:people that later was recognized as
7637:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
7236:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
6194:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
4995:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
4124:, Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 2005,
4120:Karol Grünberg, Bolesław Sprengel,
2186:the Soviets annexed parts of Poland
1935:line as a future demarcation line.
1637:
1251:. The new state had its capital at
24:
7806:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
4934:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
4064:, s. 16, Nr 16 z 1 listopada 1925.
3306:Ending of the Polish-Ukrainian war
2830:
2646:THE UKRAINIAN-POLISH WAR 1918-1919
1976:Inter-allied Commission for Poland
1825:
1324:tried to recover the territory of
25:
8031:
8005:Dissolution of the Russian Empire
7980:Poland–Ukraine military relations
4245:
4095:Bibliography of Ukrainian history
3404:from the original on 3 April 2016
3261:Prusin, Alexander Victor (2005).
2865:Alexander Victor Prusin. (2005).
2779:. V&R unipress. 2010. p. 296.
2524:"November Uprising in Lviv, 1918"
2329:. Koninklijke Bril. p. 140.
1183:
1051:November Uprising (Lemberg, 1918)
7985:West Ukrainian People's Republic
7761:West Ukrainian People's Republic
7022:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
6725:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
6516:
6504:
6495:
5297:Second Battle of the Piave River
4919:Russian invasion of East Prussia
4263: (archived October 27, 2009)
4076:
4067:
4048:
4035:
4022:
4009:
3996:
3986:
3976:
3964:
3943:
3934:
3925:
3916:
3627:could settle the nationality of
3485:The Treaties of Peace, 1919-1923
2990:Historical Dictionary of Ukraine
2083:college in the background, 1919.
1806:West Ukrainian People's Republic
1169:West Ukrainian People's Republic
1091:West Ukrainian People's Republic
888:West Ukrainian People's Republic
591:
576:
561:
546:
525:
510:
495:
463:
451:
439:
427:
409:
397:
385:
373:
342:
324:
306:
294:
289:West Ukrainian People's Republic
282:
266:
245:
231:
208:
188:
170:West Ukrainian People's Republic
129:
115:
79:
7904:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
7530:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
7005:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
6995:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
6983:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
6936:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
6854:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
6849:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
6844:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
6832:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
6827:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
6720:Władysław the White's rebellion
6707:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
6692:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
6658:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
6361:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
5561:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
4302:
4088:
3907:
3897:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3841:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3793:
3783:
3764:
3755:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3714:
3705:
3684:
3667:
3597:
3573:
3556:
3547:
3541:Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia
3490:
3477:
3436:
3389:
3378:from the original on 2015-10-22
3363:
3350:
3299:
3255:
3168:
3159:The Cambridge History of Poland
3151:
3072:
3059:
3039:
3026:
3011:
2979:
2966:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2872:
2859:
2850:
2816:
2801:
2782:
2769:
2760:
2747:
2719:Ukrainian-Polish War in Galicia
2667:
2658:
2639:
2636:. New York: Basic Books, p. 117
2626:
2617:
2600:
2587:
2552:
2517:
2500:
2287:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
2016:Boryslav-Drohobychian Oil Basin
1789:, in which Poland promised the
1630:were able to escape across the
886:and Ukrainian forces (both the
8000:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
7810:(Russian Civil War spill over)
7511:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
7187:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
6978:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
6747:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
6184:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
6043:Deportations from East Prussia
5840:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
4204:Haller's Polish Army in France
2465:
2452:
2439:
2354:
2318:
2005:) and Major Giovanni Stabile (
1481:of the Ukrainian Galician Army
1214:Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski
1147:– the defence of the cemetery"
458:Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko
66:1 November 1918 – 18 July 1919
13:
1:
7975:Wars involving Czechoslovakia
7960:Ukrainian War of Independence
7094:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
7062:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
6735:1444 war against the Ottomans
6562:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
6552:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
6469:List of wars involving Poland
6095:Ukrainian Canadian internment
3412:– via Internet Archive.
3329:University of Minnesota Press
2508:The Reconstruction of Nations
2402:Galicia: A Multicultured Land
2307:Ukrainian War of Independence
1489:, aided by the newly arrived
942:
924:after the dissolution of the
557:70,000–75,000 or over 100,000
40:Ukrainian War of Independence
7104:War of the Bar Confederation
7099:War of the Polish Succession
6250:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
5549:Estonian War of Independence
5224:Southern Palestine offensive
4002:Alison Fleig Frank. (2005).
3483:Lawrence Martin, John Reed.
3427:The United States and Poland
2941:Alison Fleig Frank. (2005).
2878:Myroslav Shkandrij. (2009).
2843:In: Herbert Arthur Strauss.
2623:P. R. Magocsi, 1996, p. 429.
2200:, the borders of which were
2066:
1378:Photograph of an improvised
1362:Stalemate in Eastern Galicia
7:
7844:and Transylvania to Romania
7462:Russian invasion of Ukraine
7355:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
7151:War of the Fourth Coalition
6803:campaign of Stephen Báthory
6204:USA against Austria-Hungary
5603:Turkish War of Independence
5555:Latvian War of Independence
5287:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
4878:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
4041:William Jay Risch. (2011).
4028:Peter J. Potichnyj (1980).
3642:Ukrainian People's Republic
3615:), Major Giovanni Stabile (
3553:Magocsi. R. (1996), p. 526.
3501:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 783.
3180:University of Toronto Press
2406:University of Toronto Press
2400:C. M. Hann, P. R. Magocsi,
2260:
1791:Ukrainian People's Republic
1660:Gen. Adrian Carton de Wiart
1448:Ukrainian People's Republic
1318:Ukrainian People's Republic
1057:Archduke Wilhelm of Austria
1055:Due to the intervention of
892:Ukrainian People's Republic
847:Polish–Soviet War (1919–21)
301:Ukrainian People's Republic
10:
8036:
7899:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
7665:Republic of German-Austria
7647:Italian Regency of Carnaro
7596:Berthelot-Apáthy Agreement
7555:1920 Carinthian plebiscite
7440:Operation Uphold Democracy
7175:War of the Sixth Coalition
7163:War of the Fifth Coalition
7109:Polish–Russian War of 1792
6484:Warfare in Medieval Poland
6459:History of the Polish Army
6287:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
5835:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
5302:Second Battle of the Marne
5189:Second battle of the Aisne
5058:Second Battle of Champagne
4899:German invasion of Belgium
4148:Władysław Pobóg-Malinowski
4092:
3580:Władysław Pobóg-Malinowski
3358:Princeton University Press
3163:Cambridge University Press
2856:Grünberg, Sprengel, p. 260
2847:. Walter de Gruyter, 1993.
2606:R. Bideleux, I. Jeffries.
2477:Cambridge University Press
2001:), Dr Robert Howard Lord (
1662:and Maj. Giuseppe Stabile.
1495:Józef Haller de Hallenburg
1065:Ukrainian National Council
1048:
1044:
928:and spilled over into the
7864:
7828:
7731:
7713:Hungarian Soviet Republic
7700:
7657:
7624:
7576:Armistice of Villa Giusti
7568:
7517:
7425:
7402:
7363:
7350:Białystok Ghetto uprising
7335:
7295:
7286:
7221:
7180:French invasion of Russia
7126:
7039:
6968:
6881:
6861:Northern War of 1655–1660
6788:
6779:
6715:
6643:
6634:
6597:
6537:
6528:
6490:
6446:
6440:Polish wars and conflicts
6393:
6352:
6273:
6212:
6174:
6118:
6107:
6068:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
6011:
5983:
5931:
5853:
5827:
5779:
5672:
5665:
5597:Irish War of Independence
5493:
5375:
5347:Armistice of Villa Giusti
5332:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
5257:
5159:
5086:
4987:
4944:First Battle of the Marne
4891:
4853:
4788:
4779:
4722:
4596:
4585:
4551:
4523:
4485:
4437:
4390:
4383:
4310:
3069:. McFarland. 2002. p. 49.
3036:. Routledge. 1996. p. 268
2573:10.1017/S0067237800020440
2561:Austrian History Yearbook
2436:XXV (1/2) 2001. pp. 64–65
2434:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
2335:10.1163/9789004457713_008
2211:
2107:were kept in ex-Austrian
1843: No Ukrainian claims
1793:the military help in the
905:living in the region, as
832:
665:
609:
485:
363:
180:
58:
49:
37:
32:
7914:Uprising in West Hungary
7786:Slovak People's Republic
7744:Banat, Bačka and Baranja
7708:First Hungarian Republic
7268:Second Silesian Uprising
6585:1156 war against Germany
6582:1146 war against Germany
6220:Constantinople Agreement
5513:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
5376:Co-belligerent conflicts
5352:Second Romanian campaign
5322:Third Transjordan attack
5033:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
4939:Battle of Grand Couronné
3431:Harvard University Press
3343:Orest Subtelny. (1988).
2822:Herbert Arthur Strauss.
2534:August 14, 2015, at the
2506:Timothy Snyder. (2003).
2367:August 14, 2015, at the
2312:
2282:Polish–Romanian alliance
2180:In the beginning of the
1656:Gen. Tadeusz Rozwadowski
1165:Battle of Lemberg (1918)
1104:in the West, as well as
837:Greater Poland (1918–19)
44:Aftermath of World War I
7889:Polish–Czechoslovak War
7781:Republic of Heinzenland
7692:First Austrian Republic
7467:Military aid to Ukraine
7278:Third Silesian Uprising
7246:First Silesian Uprising
7241:Polish–Czechoslovak War
7010:Battle of Chocim (1673)
6988:Battle of Chocim (1621)
6283:Modus vivendi of Acroma
6235:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
5543:Greater Poland Uprising
5443:National Protection War
5327:Meuse–Argonne offensive
5277:German spring offensive
5272:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
5048:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
5023:Second Battle of Artois
4904:Battle of the Frontiers
3801:Purdue University Press
3522:Oxford University Press
3248:Michael Palij. (1995).
3174:Orest subtelny. (200).
3078:Michael Palij. (1995).
2744:Subtelny, 2000, p. 370.
2730:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
2632:Timothy Snyder (2008).
2528:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
2373:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
2362:Ukrainian Galician Army
2297:Ukrainian Galician Army
2218:Ukrainian Galician Army
2027:Ukrainian Galician Army
1993:) as chairman, Colonel
1862:Marie Joseph Barthélemy
1723:Ukrainian Galician Army
1579:, dated 5 January 1919.
1439:Ukrainian Galician Army
1408:formerly Russian Poland
1153:(1926). Oil on canvas,
926:Austro-Hungarian Empire
862:Upper Silesia (1919–21)
7970:Wars involving Hungary
7965:Wars involving Romania
7950:Wars involving Ukraine
7894:Hungarian–Romanian War
7801:Slovak Soviet Republic
7771:Republic of Tarnobrzeg
7680:Bohemian Forest Region
7586:Hodža-Bartha Agreement
7560:1921 Sopron plebiscite
7550:Paris Peace Conference
7345:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
7288:World War II in Poland
6948:Zebrzydowski rebellion
6931:Moldavian Magnate Wars
6898:Siege of Danzig (1577)
6308:Paris Peace Conference
6296:Ukraine–Central Powers
6090:Massacres of Albanians
6058:Late Ottoman genocides
5865:Bulgarian occupations
5573:Third Anglo-Afghan War
5537:Hungarian–Romanian War
5362:Naval Victory Bulletin
5357:Armistice with Germany
5307:Hundred Days Offensive
5234:Battle of La Malmaison
5184:Second battle of Arras
5151:Battle of Transylvania
5005:Second Battle of Ypres
4873:Sarajevo assassination
4762:South African Republic
4181:Władysław A. Serczyk,
3625:Paris Peace Conference
3609:Adrian Carton de Wiart
3539:Kubijovic, V. (1963).
3065:J. Cisek. Kościuszko,
2100:
2091:Polish armoured train
2084:
1995:Adrian Carton de Wiart
1968:Paris Peace Conference
1857:
1855: No Polish claims
1815:Council of Ambassadors
1771:Paris Peace Conference
1682:
1663:
1652:Gen. Joseph Barthélemy
1634:into Central Ukraine.
1580:
1482:
1471:
1383:
1371:
1270:
1180:
1172:
1133:
952:
884:Second Polish Republic
824:Second Polish Republic
364:Commanders and leaders
196:Second Polish Republic
8020:Polish–Ukrainian wars
7945:Wars involving Poland
7796:Republic of Prekmurje
7581:Armistice of Belgrade
7450:2003 invasion of Iraq
7378:Operation Ostra Brama
7273:Polish–Lithuanian War
7087:Battle of Berestechko
6815:War against Sigismund
6589:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
6318:Treaty of St. Germain
6291:Russia–Central Powers
6245:Sykes–Picot Agreement
6073:Pontic Greek genocide
6048:Destruction of Kalisz
6024:Eastern Mediterranean
5585:Polish–Lithuanian War
5367:Armistice of Belgrade
5337:Armistice of Salonica
5267:Operation Faustschlag
5214:Third Battle of Oituz
5136:Baranovichi offensive
5104:Lake Naroch offensive
5078:Battle of Robat Karim
5053:Vistula–Bug offensive
5028:Battles of the Isonzo
4959:First Battle of Ypres
4164:Paul Robert Magocsi,
3524:. 1998. pp. 289, 320.
3135:The Rebirth of Poland
2664:Magocsi, 1996, p. 518
2512:Yale University Press
2267:Battle of Lwów (1918)
2223:Ukrainian nationalism
2090:
2074:
1833:
1669:
1645:
1574:
1477:
1461:
1377:
1369:
1285:Battles over Volhynia
1265:
1178:
1141:
1031:social stratification
1008:Ruthenian Voivodeship
950:
903:Ukrainian populations
852:Czechoslovakia (1919)
822:Establishment of the
610:Casualties and losses
553:West Ukrainian forces
356:, 6–11 November 1919)
7940:Polish–Ukrainian War
7879:Polish–Ukrainian War
7739:Republic of Zakopane
7685:German South Moravia
7525:Treaty of Versailles
7231:Polish–Ukrainian War
7082:Khmelnytsky Uprising
6645:Polish–Teutonic wars
6454:Early modern warfare
6313:Treaty of Versailles
6029:Mount Lebanon famine
5944:in the United States
5912:Russian occupations
5626:Turkish–Armenian War
5567:Polish–Ukrainian War
5507:Ukrainian–Soviet War
5454:Central Asian Revolt
5244:Armistice of Focșani
4974:Battle of Sarikamish
4924:Battle of Tannenberg
4320:Military engagements
4266:Andrzej Chojnowski,
4195:Leonid Zaszkilniak,
4166:A History of Ukraine
3621:Polish-Ukrainian War
3467:Geographica Polonica
3433:. 1980. pp. 141-143.
2612:Taylor & Francis
2494:A History of Ukraine
2492:Magosci, R. (1996).
2302:Ukrainian–Soviet War
2251:Łyczakowski Cemetery
1940:Kamionka Strumiłłowa
1707:conflict with Poland
1688:Treaty of Versailles
880:Polish–Ukrainian War
657:Polish–Ukrainian War
33:Polish–Ukrainian War
18:Polish-Ukrainian war
7955:Invasions by Poland
7642:Free State of Fiume
7328:during World War II
7114:Kościuszko Uprising
7078:1644 Tatar Invasion
7052:Fedorovych uprising
7043:1624 Tatar Invasion
6970:Polish–Ottoman wars
6922:1593 Tatar Invasion
6914:1589 Tatar Invasion
6891:Battle of Lubieszów
6820:Battle of Stångebro
6790:Polish–Swedish wars
6697:Thirteen Years' War
6567:Miecław's Rebellion
6542:Polish–Veletian War
6479:Polish Armed Forces
6447:General and related
6380:They shall not pass
6303:Treaty of Bucharest
6260:Treaty of Bucharest
6199:USA against Germany
6176:Declarations of war
5880:German occupations
5793:British casualties
5652:Soviet–Georgian War
5579:Egyptian Revolution
5519:Armeno-Georgian War
5383:Somaliland campaign
5342:Armistice of Mudros
5219:Battle of Caporetto
5209:Battle of Mărășești
5179:Zimmermann telegram
5174:February Revolution
5119:Battle of the Somme
5043:Bug-Narew Offensive
5018:Battle of Gallipoli
5010:Sinking of the RMS
4802:Scramble for Africa
4796:Franco-Prussian War
4452:Sinai and Palestine
3971:Concentration camps
3331:. 1962. pp. 107–116
2807:Joanna B. Michlic.
2384:William Jay Risch.
2198:resettled to Poland
2041:Civilian casualties
1956:Eastern Carpathians
1849: Disputed Area
1819:Yevhen Petrushevych
1430:mission proposed a
1299:Volodymyr-Volynskyi
1171:proclaimed in Lviv.
1110:Carpathian Ruthenia
1012:Partition of Poland
920:The war started in
733:Volodymyr-Volynskyi
434:Yevhen Petrushevych
404:Wacław Iwaszkiewicz
338:until January 1919)
99:Carpathian Ruthenia
7909:Silesian Uprisings
7723:Kingdom of Hungary
7718:Hungarian Republic
7455:Occupation of Iraq
7435:War in Afghanistan
7312:Invasion of Poland
7207:fighting in Poland
7128:Poland partitioned
7074:Ostryanyn uprising
6926:Nalyvaiko Uprising
6873:Great Northern War
6837:Battle of Kircholm
6730:Battle of Grotniki
6702:War of the Priests
6675:Battle of Grunwald
6340:Treaty of Lausanne
6255:Paris Economy Pact
6189:UK against Germany
6119:Entry into the war
6085:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
5804:Ottoman casualties
5614:Franco-Turkish War
5494:Post-War conflicts
5478:Russian Revolution
5460:Invasion of Darfur
5425:Kelantan rebellion
5413:Kurdish rebellions
5389:Mexican Revolution
5229:October Revolution
5194:Kerensky offensive
5169:Capture of Baghdad
5146:Monastir offensive
5131:Brusilov offensive
4969:Battle of Kolubara
4808:Russo-Japanese War
4060:2018-05-05 at the
3631:. The position of
3345:Ukraine: A History
3198:Simon and Schuster
3176:Ukraine: a History
3140:2012-02-05 at the
3052:2015-09-26 at the
2795:2017-09-06 at the
2788:Czeslaw Madajczyk
2724:2012-10-12 at the
2695:Ukraine: A History
2651:2019-05-27 at the
2445:Georgiy Kasianov,
2428:2011-03-25 at the
2101:
2085:
1910:Franchet d'Esperey
1858:
1747:Haller's divisions
1699:David Lloyd George
1692:self-determination
1683:
1664:
1648:Robert Howard Lord
1581:
1483:
1472:
1454:Ukrainian collapse
1384:
1372:
1356:Edward Rydz-Śmigły
1335:, the first major
1277:east of the river
1271:
1238:Ukrainian Bukovina
1181:
1173:
1155:Polish Army Museum
1100:up to the city of
984:Ruthenian language
971:, the name of the
953:
416:Edward Rydz-Śmigły
349:Ukrainian Bukovina
168:Annexation of the
7927:
7926:
7919:Battle of Budaörs
7849:Austrian Littoral
7824:
7823:
7766:Komancza Republic
7540:Treaty of Trianon
7477:
7476:
7412:Racibórz Conflict
7404:People's Republic
7398:
7397:
7373:Operation Tempest
7251:Polish–Soviet War
7192:November Uprising
7168:Austro-Polish War
7156:Prussian campaign
7122:
7121:
7017:Great Turkish War
6958:Battle of Humenné
6953:Thirty Years' War
6941:Battle of Kłuszyn
6918:Kosiński uprising
6908:Battle of Byczyna
6775:
6774:
6687:Gollub War (1422)
6682:Hunger War (1414)
6630:
6629:
6620:Battle of Legnica
6571:1072 war against
6547:Battle of Cedynia
6406:
6405:
6389:
6388:
6373:The Golden Virgin
6367:Mutilated victory
6348:
6347:
6328:Treaty of Trianon
6323:Treaty of Neuilly
6230:Damascus Protocol
6103:
6102:
6063:Armenian genocide
6020:Allied blockades
5992:Belgian refugees
5775:
5774:
5685:Strategic bombing
5661:
5660:
5646:Franco-Syrian War
5620:Greco-Turkish War
5608:Anglo-Turkish War
5591:Polish–Soviet War
5525:German Revolution
5501:Russian Civil War
5484:Finnish Civil War
5317:Battle of Megiddo
5292:Battle of Goychay
5239:Battle of Cambrai
5199:Battle of Mărăști
5114:Battle of Jutland
5094:Erzurum offensive
4949:Siege of Przemyśl
4929:Siege of Tsingtao
4914:Battle of Galicia
4844:Second Balkan War
4832:Italo-Turkish War
4789:Pre-War conflicts
4775:
4774:
4665:Portuguese Empire
4581:
4580:
4543:German New Guinea
4525:Asian and Pacific
4202:Paul S. Valasek,
3192:Watt, R. (1979).
3146:Anna M. Cienciala
2986:Ivan Katchanovski
2344:978-90-04-45771-3
2272:Komancza Republic
2202:shifted westwards
1585:Oleksander Hrekov
1326:Kholm Governorate
1216:of the renascent
982:Schools teaching
957:House of Habsburg
875:
874:
842:Ukraine (1918–19)
787:
786:
622:
621:
446:Oleksander Hrekov
331:Komancza Republic
261:Strategic support
176:
175:
16:(Redirected from
8027:
7874:Aster Revolution
7865:Post World War I
7847:South Tyrol and
7812:
7811:
7655:
7654:
7625:Successor states
7546:
7545:
7536:
7535:
7504:
7497:
7490:
7481:
7480:
7368:Italian Campaign
7337:Ghetto uprisings
7324:, and
7293:
7292:
7256:Battle of Warsaw
7197:January Uprising
7136:Denisko uprising
7069:Pavlyuk uprising
7047:Zhmaylo uprising
7027:Battle of Vienna
6886:Danzig rebellion
6786:
6785:
6663:Battle of Płowce
6641:
6640:
6636:Jagiellon Poland
6598:Mongol invasions
6535:
6534:
6520:
6508:
6499:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6410:
6409:
6333:Treaty of Sèvres
6225:Treaty of London
6116:
6115:
5894:Northeast France
5825:
5824:
5797:Parliamentarians
5730:
5729:
5692:Chemical weapons
5670:
5669:
5431:Senussi campaign
5401:Muscat rebellion
5395:Maritz rebellion
5312:Vardar offensive
5141:Battle of Romani
5109:Battle of Asiago
5099:Battle of Verdun
5063:Kosovo offensive
4838:First Balkan War
4786:
4785:
4685:Russian Republic
4594:
4593:
4388:
4387:
4330:Economic history
4297:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4206:, Chicago: 2006
4183:Historia Ukrainy
4180:
4146:
4136:
4119:
4102:
4083:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4065:
4052:
4046:
4039:
4033:
4026:
4020:
4013:
4007:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3950:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3891:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3845:
3839:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3691:
3688:
3682:
3671:
3665:
3601:
3595:
3577:
3571:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3525:
3514:
3503:
3502:
3494:
3488:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3440:
3434:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3367:
3361:
3354:
3348:
3341:
3332:
3321:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3288:
3282:
3275:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3246:
3223:
3211:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3183:
3172:
3166:
3157:W. F. Reddaway.
3155:
3149:
3132:
3123:
3116:Michael Lozynsky
3112:
3103:
3096:
3083:
3076:
3070:
3063:
3057:
3043:
3037:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3009:
3002:
2993:
2983:
2977:
2970:
2964:
2957:
2946:
2939:
2928:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2883:
2876:
2870:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2848:
2837:
2828:
2820:
2814:
2805:
2799:
2786:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2758:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2733:
2717:A. Chojnowski. "
2715:
2706:
2687:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2643:
2637:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2521:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2489:
2480:
2469:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2420:Roman Szporluk.
2418:
2409:
2398:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2360:Lev Shankovsky.
2358:
2352:
2351:
2322:
2194:Yalta Conference
2182:Second World War
2136:internment camps
2024:
2011:truce convention
1984:
1930:
1881:
1870:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1711:President Wilson
1638:Diplomatic front
1546:
1432:demarcation line
1250:
1242:Omelyan Popovych
1240:under President
1190:Ukrainian forces
1061:Austro-Hungarian
1020:Galicia-Volhynia
915:Austrian empires
867:Lithuania (1920)
827:
826:
814:
807:
800:
791:
790:
755:
741:
729:
717:
705:
693:
660:
658:
648:
641:
634:
625:
624:
596:
595:
581:
580:
566:
565:
551:
550:
532:Hungarian forces
530:
529:
528:
515:
514:
513:
500:
499:
498:
478:
470:Omelyan Popovych
468:
467:
466:
456:
455:
444:
443:
432:
431:
414:
413:
412:
402:
401:
400:
390:
389:
388:
378:
377:
376:
347:
346:
345:
329:
328:
311:
310:
299:
298:
287:
286:
272:
270:
269:
255:
251:
249:
248:
237:
235:
234:
214:
212:
211:
201:Regional support
194:
192:
191:
155:Treaty of Warsaw
139:
135:
133:
132:
125:
121:
119:
118:
89:
85:
83:
82:
60:
59:
54:
30:
29:
21:
8035:
8034:
8030:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8025:
8024:
8010:1919 in Ukraine
7995:Greater Romania
7990:1918 in Ukraine
7930:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7867:armed conflicts
7866:
7860:
7820:
7809:
7808:
7791:Hutsul Republic
7727:
7696:
7653:
7620:
7611:Clemenceau Note
7564:
7543:
7542:
7533:
7532:
7513:
7508:
7478:
7473:
7421:
7394:
7388:Warsaw Uprising
7359:
7331:
7282:
7223:Second Republic
7217:
7141:Napoleonic Wars
7118:
7035:
6964:
6877:
6771:
6757:Battle of Orsha
6740:Battle of Varna
6711:
6626:
6593:
6578:Siege of Głogów
6524:
6523:
6512:
6488:
6442:
6437:
6407:
6402:
6385:
6344:
6276:
6269:
6240:Treaty of Darin
6208:
6170:
6126:Austria-Hungary
6112:
6099:
6080:Rape of Belgium
6007:
5979:
5927:
5921:Western Armenia
5916:Eastern Galicia
5849:
5823:
5787:
5786:Civilian impact
5785:
5771:
5728:
5657:
5489:
5419:Ovambo Uprising
5371:
5253:
5155:
5082:
5000:Battle of Łomża
4983:
4979:Christmas truce
4954:Race to the Sea
4887:
4849:
4771:
4742:Austria-Hungary
4718:
4653:Empire of Japan
4590:
4588:
4577:
4561:U-boat campaign
4547:
4519:
4481:
4433:
4379:
4360:Popular culture
4306:
4301:
4261:Wayback Machine
4248:
4178:
4154:, London 1956,
4144:
4137:Witold Hupert,
4134:
4117:
4107:, Poznań 2001,
4100:
4097:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4062:Wayback Machine
4053:
4049:
4040:
4036:
4027:
4023:
4014:
4010:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3977:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3855:
3846:
3842:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3672:
3668:
3656:, Poznań 2004,
3646:Unification Act
3629:Eastern Galicia
3602:
3598:
3578:
3574:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3537:
3528:
3515:
3506:
3495:
3491:
3482:
3478:
3463:
3456:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3425:Piotr Wandycz.
3424:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3394:
3390:
3381:
3379:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3355:
3351:
3342:
3335:
3323:P. S. Wandycz.
3322:
3311:
3304:
3300:
3289:
3285:
3276:
3269:
3260:
3256:
3247:
3226:
3212:
3205:
3190:
3186:
3173:
3169:
3156:
3152:
3142:Wayback Machine
3133:
3126:
3113:
3106:
3097:
3086:
3077:
3073:
3064:
3060:
3054:Wayback Machine
3045:Nicolas Werth.
3044:
3040:
3031:
3027:
3016:
3012:
3003:
2996:
2984:
2980:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2877:
2873:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2839:Norman Davies.
2838:
2831:
2821:
2817:
2806:
2802:
2797:Wayback Machine
2787:
2783:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2736:
2726:Wayback Machine
2716:
2709:
2688:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2653:Wayback Machine
2644:
2640:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:. 2007. p. 182.
2605:
2601:
2593:P. R. Magocsi.
2592:
2588:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2536:Wayback Machine
2522:
2518:
2505:
2501:
2490:
2483:
2479:, 2010, p. 200.
2470:
2466:
2458:P. R. Magocsi.
2457:
2453:
2444:
2440:
2430:Wayback Machine
2419:
2412:
2399:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2375:. Vol. 5. 1993.
2369:Wayback Machine
2359:
2355:
2345:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2263:
2243:Polish Republic
2214:
2069:
2043:
2018:
1978:
1924:
1875:
1873:Barthelemy Line
1864:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:Eastern Galicia
1828:
1826:Barthelemy Line
1779:Józef Piłsudski
1743:Supreme Council
1703:Eastern Galicia
1640:
1622:Józef Piłsudski
1569:
1540:
1456:
1397:Congress Poland
1380:armored vehicle
1364:
1287:
1275:Eastern Galicia
1267:Dmytro Vitovsky
1244:
1186:
1162:
1151:Wojciech Kossak
1136:
1078:Dmytro Vitovsky
1053:
1047:
993:national museum
991:theater, and a
965:1848 Revolution
961:Austria-Hungary
945:
922:Eastern Galicia
876:
871:
828:
821:
820:
818:
788:
783:
749:
735:
723:
711:
699:
687:
661:
656:
654:
652:
605:
601:
598:Komancza forces
590:
586:
575:
571:
560:
556:
545:
539:
535:
526:
524:
520:
517:Romanian forces
511:
509:
505:
496:
494:
481:
472:
464:
462:
450:
438:
426:
420:
410:
408:
398:
396:
386:
384:
380:Józef Piłsudski
374:
372:
359:
351:
343:
341:
333:
323:
315:
313:Hutsul Republic
305:
293:
281:
267:
265:
264:
259:
258:
246:
244:
232:
230:
218:
209:
207:
199:
189:
187:
164:
153:Signing of the
149:Polish victory
140:
130:
128:
126:
116:
114:
94:Eastern Galicia
80:
78:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8033:
8023:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7870:
7868:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7858:
7852:
7845:
7839:
7832:
7830:
7826:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7818:
7813:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7776:Lemko Republic
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7757:
7756:
7751:
7749:Banat Republic
7741:
7735:
7733:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7689:
7688:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7670:German Bohemia
7661:
7659:
7652:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7639:
7634:
7632:Czechoslovakia
7628:
7626:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7572:
7570:
7566:
7565:
7563:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7537:
7527:
7521:
7519:
7515:
7514:
7507:
7506:
7499:
7492:
7484:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7469:
7459:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7442:
7437:
7431:
7429:
7427:Third Republic
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7408:
7406:
7400:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7370:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7341:
7339:
7333:
7332:
7330:
7329:
7314:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7261:Kiev offensive
7258:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7227:
7225:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7148:
7146:Peninsular War
7143:
7138:
7132:
7130:
7124:
7123:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7079:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7065:
7064:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6980:
6974:
6972:
6966:
6965:
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6962:
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6882:
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6868:
6858:
6857:
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6851:
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6807:
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6805:
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6759:
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6709:
6704:
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6694:
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6677:
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6666:
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6655:
6649:
6647:
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6404:
6403:
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6400:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6364:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6305:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6275:Peace treaties
6274:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6180:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6161:United Kingdom
6158:
6153:
6151:Ottoman Empire
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6122:
6120:
6113:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6055:
6053:Sack of Dinant
6050:
6045:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6017:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6004:
6003:
6001:United Kingdom
5998:
5989:
5987:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5961:
5955:POW locations
5953:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5937:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5910:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5863:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5831:
5829:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5790:
5788:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5755:United Kingdom
5752:
5750:Ottoman Empire
5747:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5727:
5726:
5724:Trench warfare
5721:
5720:
5719:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5676:
5674:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5649:
5643:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5440:
5437:Volta-Bani War
5434:
5428:
5422:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5282:Zeebrugge Raid
5279:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5073:Battle of Loos
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4964:Black Sea raid
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4866:Historiography
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4820:Bosnian Crisis
4817:
4814:Tangier Crisis
4811:
4805:
4799:
4792:
4790:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4747:Ottoman Empire
4744:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4724:Central Powers
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4707:British Empire
4702:United Kingdom
4699:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4680:Russian Empire
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4600:
4598:Entente Powers
4591:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4566:North Atlantic
4557:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4477:Central Arabia
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4439:Middle Eastern
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4396:
4394:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4340:Historiography
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4264:
4254:
4247:
4246:External links
4244:
4215:
4214:
4200:
4193:
4176:
4162:
4142:
4132:
4115:
4103:Marek Figura,
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4075:
4066:
4047:
4034:
4021:
4008:
3995:
3985:
3975:
3963:
3951:
3942:
3933:
3924:
3915:
3906:
3896:
3883:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3840:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3792:
3782:
3773:
3763:
3754:
3744:
3735:
3726:
3713:
3704:
3692:
3683:
3666:
3633:Joseph Noulens
3623:, so that the
3596:
3572:
3555:
3546:
3526:
3504:
3489:
3476:
3454:
3435:
3415:
3388:
3362:
3349:
3333:
3309:
3298:
3283:
3267:
3254:
3224:
3203:
3184:
3167:
3165:. 1971. p. 477
3150:
3124:
3104:
3084:
3071:
3058:
3038:
3025:
3010:
2994:
2978:
2965:
2947:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2893:
2884:
2871:
2858:
2849:
2829:
2815:
2800:
2781:
2768:
2759:
2746:
2734:
2732:. Vol. 5 1993.
2707:
2690:Orest Subtelny
2679:
2673:I. Livezeanu.
2666:
2657:
2638:
2625:
2616:
2599:
2586:
2551:
2547:Eberhardt 2012
2539:
2516:
2499:
2481:
2464:
2451:
2438:
2410:
2390:
2377:
2353:
2343:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2292:Treaty of Riga
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2259:
2255:Jerzy Bitschan
2213:
2210:
2113:Dąbie (Kraków)
2068:
2065:
2042:
2039:
1987:Joseph Noulens
1888:West Ukrainian
1851:
1845:
1839:
1827:
1824:
1795:Kyiv offensive
1783:Symon Petliura
1739:Ferdinand Foch
1639:
1636:
1616:Czechoslovakia
1591:and the upper
1568:
1565:
1455:
1452:
1443:Transcarpathia
1363:
1360:
1286:
1283:
1185:
1184:Initial stages
1182:
1135:
1132:
1046:
1043:
944:
941:
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
833:
830:
829:
817:
816:
809:
802:
794:
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
742:
730:
718:
706:
697:Ustrzyki Dolne
694:
682:
677:
672:
666:
663:
662:
651:
650:
643:
636:
628:
620:
619:
616:
612:
611:
607:
606:
604:
603:
588:
573:
558:
542:
540:
538:
537:
522:
507:
491:
488:
487:
483:
482:
480:
479:
460:
448:
436:
423:
421:
419:
418:
406:
394:
382:
369:
366:
365:
361:
360:
358:
357:
339:
321:
303:
291:
278:
276:
257:
256:
253:Czechoslovakia
241:
228:
204:
183:
182:
178:
177:
174:
173:
166:
160:
159:
158:
157:
146:
142:
141:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
76:
74:
70:
69:
64:
56:
55:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8032:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8015:Rusyn history
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7935:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7863:
7856:
7853:
7850:
7846:
7843:
7840:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7827:
7817:
7814:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7699:
7693:
7690:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7667:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7656:
7648:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7616:Clerk Mission
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7606:Smuts Mission
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7567:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7544:(for Hungary)
7541:
7538:
7534:(for Austria)
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7522:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7505:
7500:
7498:
7493:
7491:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7460:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7424:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7401:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7383:Lwów uprising
7381:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7362:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7327:
7326:contributions
7323:
7319:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7306:
7305:Eastern Front
7303:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7212:
7211:Eastern Front
7208:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7176:
7173:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7129:
7125:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7083:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7063:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7018:
7015:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6971:
6967:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6909:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6874:
6871:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6825:
6821:
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6811:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6767:
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6762:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6753:
6750:
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6745:
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6738:
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6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6671:
6668:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
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6533:
6531:
6527:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6493:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6434:
6429:
6427:
6422:
6420:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6392:
6382:
6381:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6341:
6338:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6272:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6166:United States
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6106:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5783:
5778:
5768:
5767:United States
5765:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5717:Convoy system
5715:
5714:
5713:
5712:Naval warfare
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5472:Kaocen revolt
5470:
5467:
5466:Easter Rising
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5038:Great Retreat
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4909:Battle of Cer
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4826:Agadir Crisis
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4714:United States
4712:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4631:French Empire
4629:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4584:
4574:
4573:Mediterranean
4571:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4553:Naval warfare
4550:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4429:Italian Front
4427:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4417:Eastern Front
4415:
4413:
4412:Western Front
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4370:Puppet states
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4227:
4222:
4220:
4213:
4212:0-9779757-0-3
4209:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:83-04-04530-3
4188:
4184:
4177:
4175:
4174:0-8020-0830-5
4171:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4160:83-03-03164-3
4157:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4140:
4133:
4131:
4130:83-05-13371-0
4127:
4123:
4116:
4114:
4113:83-7177-013-8
4110:
4106:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4079:
4070:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4051:
4044:
4038:
4031:
4025:
4018:
4012:
4005:
3999:
3989:
3979:
3972:
3967:
3958:
3956:
3946:
3937:
3928:
3919:
3910:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3877:
3867:
3857:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3836:83-7177-281-5
3833:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3786:
3777:
3767:
3758:
3748:
3739:
3730:
3724:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3697:
3687:
3680:
3679:83-7177-281-5
3676:
3670:
3663:
3662:83-7177-281-5
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3605:United States
3600:
3594:, pp.300-302.
3593:
3592:83-85130-29-2
3589:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3569:
3568:83-7177-281-5
3565:
3559:
3550:
3542:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3459:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3377:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3353:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3081:
3075:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3035:
3029:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2975:
2969:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2924:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2888:
2881:
2875:
2868:
2862:
2853:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2819:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2763:
2756:
2750:
2741:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2705:
2704:0-8020-8390-0
2701:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2661:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2620:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2549:, p. 20.
2548:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2510:. New Haven:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:United States
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:White Russian
1896:
1893:In 1918, the
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1863:
1837:
1832:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:Saint-Germain
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:Sich Riflemen
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:Western front
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:commanded by
1409:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:Nicolas Werth
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:Richard Pipes
1331:According to
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:Symon Petlura
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:Romanian Army
1254:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1082:Sich Riflemen
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1006:consisted of
1005:
1000:
996:
994:
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
949:
940:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
831:
825:
815:
810:
808:
803:
801:
796:
795:
792:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
759:May offensive
757:
753:
748:
747:
743:
739:
734:
731:
727:
722:
719:
715:
710:
707:
703:
698:
695:
691:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
664:
659:
649:
644:
642:
637:
635:
630:
629:
626:
617:
614:
613:
608:
599:
594:
589:
584:
583:Hutsul forces
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
543:
541:
533:
523:
518:
508:
503:
502:Polish forces
493:
492:
490:
489:
484:
476:
471:
461:
459:
454:
449:
447:
442:
437:
435:
430:
425:
424:
422:
417:
407:
405:
395:
393:
383:
381:
371:
370:
368:
367:
362:
355:
350:
340:
337:
336:Lemkivshchyna
332:
327:
322:
319:
314:
309:
304:
302:
297:
292:
290:
285:
280:
279:
277:
275:
262:
254:
242:
240:
229:
226:
222:
217:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
185:
184:
179:
171:
167:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
124:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
88:
75:
72:
71:
65:
62:
61:
57:
53:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
7878:
7316:Polish
7300:World War II
7230:
7057:Smolensk War
6798:Livonian War
6781:Commonwealth
6530:Piast Poland
6511:
6378:
6371:
6359:
5966: /
5898:
5733:Conscription
5697:Cryptography
5634:Iraqi Revolt
5566:
5068:Siege of Kut
5011:
4589:participants
4538:German Samoa
4472:South Arabia
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4203:
4196:
4182:
4165:
4151:
4138:
4121:
4104:
4089:Bibliography
4078:
4069:
4050:
4042:
4037:
4029:
4024:
4016:
4011:
4003:
3998:
3988:
3978:
3966:
3945:
3936:
3927:
3918:
3909:
3899:
3876:
3866:
3856:
3848:
3843:
3826:
3817:
3808:
3795:
3785:
3776:
3766:
3757:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3722:
3716:
3707:
3686:
3669:
3653:
3599:
3583:
3575:
3558:
3549:
3540:
3517:
3498:
3492:
3484:
3479:
3470:
3466:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3426:
3406:. Retrieved
3391:
3380:. Retrieved
3365:
3352:
3344:
3324:
3301:
3291:
3286:
3278:
3262:
3257:
3249:
3214:
3196:. New York:
3193:
3187:
3175:
3170:
3158:
3153:
3119:
3099:
3079:
3074:
3066:
3061:
3056:. March 2008
3041:
3033:
3028:
3019:
3013:
3005:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2968:
2960:
2942:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2866:
2861:
2852:
2844:
2818:
2809:
2803:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2762:
2754:
2749:
2729:
2728:, 1918–19."
2693:
2674:
2669:
2660:
2641:
2633:
2628:
2619:
2607:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2542:
2527:
2519:
2507:
2502:
2493:
2472:
2467:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2401:
2385:
2380:
2372:
2356:
2348:
2326:
2320:
2277:Lwów Eaglets
2240:
2236:
2227:
2215:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2133:
2102:
2061:
2057:
2052:Norman Davis
2048:
2044:
2031:
1972:
1937:
1907:
1892:
1859:
1803:
1797:against the
1763:
1751:
1727:
1715:
1696:
1684:
1632:Zbruch River
1627:Zbruch river
1620:
1606:
1582:
1523:
1509:and not the
1484:
1436:
1424:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1353:
1330:
1315:
1309:and Western
1294:
1288:
1272:
1231:
1227:
1211:
1187:
1145:Lwów Eaglets
1142:
1095:
1068:
1054:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1001:
997:
981:
954:
938:
919:
896:
879:
877:
857:Sejny (1919)
841:
745:
655:
597:
582:
567:
552:
531:
516:
501:
392:Józef Haller
260:
200:
186:
181:Belligerents
148:
38:Part of the
7816:Lajtabánság
7732:Short-lived
7675:Sudetenland
7591:Pichon Line
7202:World War I
5996:Netherlands
5973:Switzerland
5854:Occupations
5845:Spanish flu
5622:(1919–1922)
5616:(1918–1921)
5610:(1918–1923)
5599:(1919–1921)
5593:(1919–1921)
5587:(1919–1920)
5563:(1918–1920)
5557:(1918–1920)
5551:(1918–1920)
5533:(1918–1920)
5515:(1918–1920)
5509:(1917–1921)
5503:(1917–1921)
5450:(1916-1918)
5448:Arab Revolt
5439:(1915–1917)
5433:(1915–1917)
5421:(1914-1917)
5415:(1914–1917)
5409:(1914–1921)
5403:(1913–1920)
5391:(1910–1920)
5385:(1900–1920)
4883:July Crisis
4804:(1880–1914)
4467:Mesopotamia
4345:Home fronts
4304:World War I
4179:(in Polish)
4145:(in Polish)
4135:(in Polish)
4118:(in Polish)
4101:(in Polish)
3771:combatants"
3681:pp.101-102.
3638:Esme Howard
3607:), Colonel
3516:S. Talmon.
3178:. Toronto:
2471:S. Conrad.
2079:) with the
2019: [
1979: [
1925: [
1876: [
1865: [
1754:Louis Botha
1553:anti-Jewish
1549:Radziwiłłów
1541: [
1519:Stanislaviv
1493:of General
1487:Polish Army
1479:Nieuport 17
1245: [
1218:Polish Army
1098:Carpathians
973:East Slavic
750: [
736: [
724: [
712: [
700: [
688: [
473: [
163:Territorial
7934:Categories
7322:resistance
6866:The Deluge
6213:Agreements
6013:War crimes
5889:Luxembourg
5782:Casualties
4660:Montenegro
4495:South West
4375:Technology
4365:Propaganda
4355:Opposition
4093:See also:
3993:diseases."
3382:2017-11-02
3290:Subtelny,
3213:Subtelny,
3161:, Vol. 1.
2567:: 88, 90.
2148:Mykulyntsi
1785:signed an
1775:plebiscite
1719:Bolsheviks
1676:Versailles
1612:oil fields
1589:Hnyla Lypa
1530:Złota Lipa
1507:Bolsheviks
1468:Renault FT
1428:Barthélemy
1416:Rava-Ruska
1253:Chernivtsi
1049:See also:
977:Ukrainians
969:Ruthenians
943:Background
746:Volchukhiv
568:UPR forces
7838:to Poland
7569:Diplomacy
6670:Great War
6110:Diplomacy
5817:Olympians
5740:Australia
5707:Logistics
5640:Vlora War
5569:(1918–19)
5545:(1918–19)
5539:(1918–19)
5527:(1918–19)
5474:(1916–17)
5456:(1916–17)
5407:Zaian War
5397:(1914–15)
5124:first day
5012:Lusitania
4840:(1912–13)
4834:(1911–12)
4822:(1908–09)
4816:(1905–06)
4798:(1870–71)
4587:Principal
4447:Gallipoli
4350:Memorials
4335:Geography
4325:Aftermath
3803:, pg. 152
3648:) by the
3182:, pg. 370
2581:1558-5255
2231:Communist
2156:Yazlovets
2125:Strzałków
2109:POW camps
2067:Aftermath
2034:armistice
1948:Mikołajów
1735:Drohobych
1609:Drohobych
1534:Berezhany
1491:Blue Army
1464:Blue Army
1412:Jan Romer
1307:Podlachia
1195:Drohobych
1102:Nowy Sącz
1073:Bukovynan
318:Maramureș
172:by Poland
7857:to China
7851:to Italy
7842:Bukovina
7829:Cessions
7601:Vix Note
7518:Treaties
7445:Iraq War
6398:Category
5985:Refugees
5951:Italians
5940:Germans
5900:Ober Ost
5680:Aviation
4781:Timeline
4752:Bulgaria
4533:Tsingtao
4510:Togoland
4457:Caucasus
4392:European
4384:Theatres
4058:Archived
3473:(1): 10.
3402:Archived
3376:Archived
3296:, p. 368
3293:op. cit.
3216:op. cit.
3138:Archived
3050:Archived
2992:, p. 749
2976:, p. 446
2963:, p. 787
2793:Archived
2722:Archived
2649:Archived
2532:Archived
2514:, p. 123
2426:Archived
2404:, 2005,
2365:Archived
2261:See also
2160:Kolomyya
2144:Zolochiv
2129:Wadowice
2121:Pikulice
2097:Gromobój
1964:Lavochne
1799:Red Army
1787:alliance
1733:and the
1538:Jezierna
1441:invaded
1389:Przemyśl
1349:Zhytomir
1234:Bukovina
1207:Jarosław
1199:Przemyśl
1114:Bukovina
1106:Volhynia
988:populist
934:Volhynia
890:and the
779:Lubaczów
774:Chortkiv
764:Pokuttia
670:Przemyśl
486:Strength
354:Bukovina
225:Pokuttia
221:Bukovina
109:Bukovina
104:Volhynia
73:Location
42:and the
7836:Galicia
7701:Hungary
7658:Austria
7320:,
7318:history
7209:on the
6573:Bohemia
6136:Germany
6036:Germany
5964:Germany
5884:Belgium
5869:Albania
5828:Disease
5808:Sports
5760:Ireland
5673:Warfare
5666:Aspects
4861:Origins
4854:Prelude
4757:Senussi
4737:Germany
4732:Leaders
4670:Romania
4611:Belgium
4606:Leaders
4505:Kamerun
4487:African
4422:Romania
4400:Balkans
4315:Outline
4259:at the
4238:(ukr.)
4231:(ukr.)
4224:(ukr.)
4217:(ukr.)
3664:p. 108.
3650:Entente
3360:, 1992.
3148:, 2004.
2408:, p. 14
2206:Ukraine
2190:Ukraine
2168:typhoid
2152:Strusiv
2140:Zhovkva
1895:Entente
1834:Map of
1625:of the
1598:Dnister
1561:Entente
1515:Romania
1501:on the
1499:Entente
1311:Polesia
1122:Romania
1118:Hungary
1080:of the
1045:Prelude
1004:Galicia
911:Russian
709:Zhovkva
506:190,000
239:Hungary
216:Romania
165:changes
137:Romania
87:Ukraine
6156:Russia
6131:France
5959:Canada
5874:Serbia
5745:Canada
5702:Horses
5654:(1921)
5648:(1920)
5642:(1920)
5636:(1920)
5628:(1920)
5581:(1919)
5575:(1919)
5521:(1918)
5486:(1918)
5480:(1917)
5468:(1916)
5462:(1916)
5427:(1915)
4846:(1913)
4828:(1911)
4810:(1905)
4767:Darfur
4692:Serbia
4675:Russia
4638:Greece
4626:France
4616:Brazil
4462:Persia
4405:Serbia
4210:
4199:, Lviv
4189:
4172:
4158:
4128:
4111:
3850:jeńców
3834:
3677:
3660:
3590:
3566:
3221:p. 370
2702:
2579:
2341:
2212:Legacy
2127:, and
2117:Łańcut
2081:Jesuit
2077:Khyriv
1991:France
1958:. The
1944:Bóbrka
1914:Kraków
1890:army.
1884:Polish
1853:
1847:
1841:
1766:Zbruch
1557:Poznań
1420:Sambir
1341:Ovruch
1337:pogrom
1320:under
1291:Polish
1203:Sambir
1159:Warsaw
1127:Jewish
1089:. The
1039:Karl I
1016:Kraków
907:Poland
899:Polish
769:Hutsul
680:Khyriv
618:15,000
615:10,000
572:35,000
274:France
271:
250:
236:
213:
193:
145:Result
134:
123:Poland
120:
84:
6353:Other
6146:Japan
6141:Italy
5968:camps
5812:Rugby
4648:Japan
4643:Italy
4621:China
4515:North
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3570:p.99.
3408:5 May
2827:army"
2313:Notes
2164:Kosiv
2138:, in
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2023:]
2007:Italy
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1960:Stryi
1952:Stryi
1929:]
1922:Świca
1880:]
1869:]
1672:atlas
1602:Brody
1593:Stryi
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930:Chełm
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740:]
728:]
721:Kowel
716:]
704:]
692:]
587:1,100
521:4,000
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5933:POWs
5259:1918
5161:1917
5087:1916
4988:1915
4892:1914
4697:Siam
4500:East
4208:ISBN
4187:ISBN
4170:ISBN
4156:ISBN
4126:ISBN
4109:ISBN
3832:ISBN
3675:ISBN
3658:ISBN
3588:ISBN
3564:ISBN
3410:2018
2700:ISBN
2577:ISSN
2339:ISBN
2247:Lviv
2162:and
2105:POWs
1886:and
1781:and
1731:Lviv
1680:Riga
1678:and
1577:Lviv
1462:The
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1205:and
1120:and
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1069:Rada
932:and
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901:and
878:The
685:Belz
675:Lwów
536:620+
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1970:.
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