632:
the "MORUNG" (Men's dormitory, which acts as a learning institution). Arranged marriage was also practice in case of the girl, but in most cases it was the boy who had to choose his bride. He discloses to his parents about his choice first. Then an intermediary or matchmaker, who plays an important role, takes the marriage proposal to the parents and it his responsibility to try and convince them to accept the proposal. Engagement is indicated through exchange of wine, which is again done through the intermediary. Marriage date was usually fixed for the month of
February specially 28th February as a part of the Nazhu festival. For second to re-marriage there was no particular season, they were free to marry any time.
645:
boy. If the proposal is agreed upon by the girl and her parent, there will be an exchange of spade between the two families known as Pvimünüyü. The
Akhegwo group has a practice that until the proposal was accepted by the girl's parent; they would not offer anything or comply with their request for drinks or light to light their way home, since proposals were made usually at night. After the acceptance, spades were exchange. Whereas, Phor group gifts the girl a bone necklace. Among the Lüruri group, instead of a gift to the girl, the girl family will send one of the younger brothers to the boy's house as an observer till the marriage.
746:
does not have a child or has only a girl child, their moveable properties will be divided into two equal shares between her husband's relatives and her parent. Whereas, among the Meluri-Lephori group, a widow gets only one third of the share. A girl child, unlike her brothers, does not receive any share after her father's death. She will be given only müxükhiya (consists of necessary seeds) which she would need once she gets married. All the properties passed down by the husband's forefathers will remain with the late husband's relatives.
1394:
671:
and payment of dowry, the girl will be escorted by the amüjipa (taster) along with her two friends to her husband's house. This escorting is known as küghalura. On reaching the groom's house, he ensures that the girl steps into her new home with her right foot (which signifies the establishment of goodwill and fortune with her new home). Her two friends will stay with her for two days. After the two days are over, she would prepare a special food for her departing friends and send them home.
43:
458:, which has seven different dialects. The dialects includes Miiluori, Phorii, Yisi, Apoksha, Phongkhungri, Samburi and Kuki. Müluori language is the official language of Pochury people. But Pochury been rich in all aspects have a great language diversity even among its people based on their origin. Pochury language been the official language recognized by Government of Nagaland is known and spoken by its people.
61:
703:
mithun or its equivalent in money to the girl's family. Another 50 pieces of coins known as pithayü achafü (second dowry) was given to the girl's family before marriage. Another dowry, münüyü, consisting of either an adult pig or five to ten pieces of coins was paid by the boy's parent. All dowries have to be clear before marriage ceremony.
770:
Among the Yisi group, after the birth of a child, both paternal and maternal parents would cook a meal and exchange it between themselves. It is also a tradition that a child be shaved within 10 – 30 days from the day of birth. Whereas, Akhegwo group performs this on the second day after birth. If a
757:
In
Pochury society, widows may remarry if she wishes to but has to follows some specific terms and rituals. In a Phor-Yisi group, a widow or widower can remarry only after celebrating two major festival of the village after his/her spouse's demise which is normally after a year or two. Whereas, in a
745:
If a widow has a male child and wishes to return to her parent or to remarry, she does not get any share of the moveable properties of her late husband. Among the phor, if Ahdzii (party given after death) is done by the widow's relatives they can take the properties too. Among Yisi group, if a widow
666:
While choosing a bride, the family of a man does not look so much at the beauty of a girl. Their chief concern is her abilities. They first find out how she can work at home and in the fields and how quickly she can spin and weave cloth. It is also customary that Lüruri women will not find a partner
631:
The marriage proposal is normally initiated by the boy's family but it is not rigid. In some cases even the girl's family or relatives can indirectly approach the boy's family. Marriage can only happen after the boy attain maturity and has learnt to shoulder responsibilities during the time spent in
798:
In a
Patriarchal form of society, all the properties were inherited by the male child. Since Pochury society is a Patriarchal society woman does not have any right to inherit any property of her father which were passed down by her father's forefathers. Even if there is no male child in the family,
766:
The birth of a child is always a pleasant occasion for every family. The post natal period accompanies gennas. The poor group has a tradition that after the birth of a child, both mother and child would remain indoors for eight days if it is a boy whereas six days in the case of a girl child. After
644:
The parent of the boy normally approaches the girl's family through a mediator. However, among the rich, the boy's father may directly approach the girl's family. Among the Yisi group it was either a boy grandparents or Amüjipa (clan's taster) will go and ask the hand of a girl in marriage to their
717:
A cultivable plot of land known as
Asuohzhuh by the Meluri, Phichü by the Phor-Yisi or Awayu by the Akhegwo was lent to the girl on marriage. This plot of land would be cultivated by her during her lifetime. This is returned to her parent after her death. Whereas, among the Meluri-Lephori group it
670:
The Yisi group has a tradition that during a negotiation for final dowry, the girl's and boy's relatives will feast at their respective houses. In some cases, the girl's family hosts thritüteü (drinks party) for the boy's relatives or sometimes, for the whole villagers. Only after the finalisation
674:
In the Meluri-Lephori group, it is customary for the father to build a new house for his son before the marriage. All marriages are customarily performed during Nazu festival. Whereas, for the
Akhegwo, Phor-Yisi and Lüruri group it was performed only after the harvest. All marriage ceremonies are
578:
has been an important festival since the conversion to
Christianity. "Yeshii" commonly known "YEMSHI" is an annual traditional festival celebrated by all the Pochuri communities. A combination of their different festivals, it is celebrated on 5 October. Other major Pochuri festivals include Nazu
554:
The traditional village councils are now elected by the people. They retain several administrative powers, although their judicial powers have been curtailed by the government. The village councils elect area councils, which are responsible for welfare and development activities, and also settle
160:
The
Pochury identity is of relatively recent origin. It is a composite ethnic group formed by three Naga communities: Kupo, Kuchu and Khuri. The word Pochury is an acronym formed by the names of three native villages of these people: Sapo, Kuchu and Kwiry. According to the Pochuri legends, these
702:
Dowry was not common among the Meluri-Lephori group. Among the Yisi group, the price of a bride is very high. Right after the engagement 5 (five) pieces of coins is to be paid to the girl's family as kükhayü which means the reservation fee. A rich family also gives ashiphü which is a buffalo, a
184:
based on political mobilization which included citing a pioneering ethnographic work in early 1980s (Das, 1994)7. In this official report author reported that “term
Pochury is an acronym formed by amalgamation of letters derived from three place-names, i.e., Sapo, Kechuri and Khury. The British
682:
Marriage within the same clan is forbidden. If done so, they are either separated or the whole menfolk of the village have to perform a cleansing ritual which involves feasting in the outskirt of the village near a water source. The leftover meat or food items are forbidden to be brought home.
193:
According to ethnic elders, the
Pochuris are the earliest inhabitants of the region around Meluri. A local legend states that their ancestors lived in Yikhrii (Old Phor) a place near the present-day EAC office, Phor Town. The legend states that they sprang out of the soil the place called
771:
child was born at dawn before the cock crows, the child has to be shaved on the day of birth. During this ceremony, a feast used to be hosted by the maternal parents but they themselves are forbidden to partake in the feast. But they can join the feast during the ear-piercing ceremony.
609:
Among the Meluri-Lephori group, though women, irrespective of age may be present during wild animal kills or a fish catch sharing, will be ranked at the bottom. While menfolk follow an order from oldest to youngest, where the oldest get the biggest share followed down to the youngest.
675:
conducted at night usually starting in the evening; sometimes the ceremonies lasted till midnight. During the first night, the newlywed couple is forbidden to sleep together. The bride will have to sleep with her friends at her new home while the bridegroom will sleep in the Awiekhu (
667:
if she is not tattooed (Tattoo to be included). The art of making earthen pot is another qualification that women should possess to attract a suitor. They believe that the wealth and welfare of the family greatly depends on the abilities and diligence of the wife.
662:
The age and rules for marriage were determined by economic status of the family, with the rich arranging marriages of their sons and daughters at the age of 17 and 15 respectively, while the poorer section of people having to wait until 25 and 20 respectively.
582:
At present, besides the above subgroups, Pochury comprises various clans such as; Meluri-Lephori group, Phor-Yisi group, Lüruri group and Akhegwo group. These groups of people are different from each other – linguistically, culturally and traditionally.
602:
Women are forbidden from participating in any decision making, war, hunting and fishing. Women are not even supposed to touch the weapons of a man. It was believed that a man would not kill any wild animal if his weapons were touched by a woman.
590:, coupled with non-availability of substantial written information about Pochury society, particularly on women related issues, all the writing has to be solely depends on interview with the elders of different groups and personal observation.
782:
The birth of a girl child may not be favoured compared to a boy child in the patriarchal form of society but not unwelcome. Even the girl children were regarded both by the society and family. She helps her mother in domestic works and field.
653:
Child engagement was also practiced by the Phor-Yisi, Lüruri and Akhegwo group of Pochury. Children were engaged at the tender age. This practice was restricted to close friend's children. In some cases, engagement was done even before birth.
733:
A divorced widow has the right to take back all the goods she brought with her during their marriage, including Asuohzhuh, Phichü or Awayu. Phichü is automatically retained by the husband if the divorce was on grounds of adultery or theft.
598:
Though Pochury comprises many groups, generally, the position of the Pochury women are not deemed as equals in the society. Traditionally, however, they share equal responsibilities with men in agricultural activities and domestic works.
244:
In 1947 Christianity was first introduced to Shatiiza Village by Evangelist R.Sarie from Chakesang community. In 1959, the first modern school was opened in Meluri. In 1965, the Pochury territory was linked by road to the big towns like
613:
After the death of her husband, a widow becomes the head of the family until her male children got married. Though a widow may head the family, she cannot sell her husband's properties without the consultation of her in-laws.
726:
Divorces were handled by the village authority. Cases of divorce are normally penalised by fine. Among the Phor group, if the wife commits adultery, her paramour has to pay a fine which consists of the best cultivable land.
786:
During Nazu festival (festival celebrated by Meluri-Lephori group) young girls will go and wash at the well/pond. Right after their return, they would cook a special food and feast. Boys are forbidden to eat this food.
189:
the Pochury have some such clans which have pan-ethnic distribution. In the Meluri area the Pochury people had a monopoly over salt water, spinning, wooden work, leather work and stone work” (Das 1994).7
749:
A widow may head the family but she cannot accompany the menfolk to various activities like construction or repairing works. Therefore, she is exempted from paying any fines for being absent.
555:
inter-village disputes. The Village Development Board, with 5-6 members, supervises the execution of development schemes within a village, under the leadership of village council chairman.
185:
described the Pochury as the Eastern Sangtam or Eastern Rengma interchangeably. As per this report the Pochury were distributed in twenty-four villages. Unlike most of the Naga
790:
Once a woman is married off and settled, two of her brothers are entrusted to look into her well–being. They are required to give help and assistance during times of needs.
176:
An anthropologist has drawn the ethnic lines within some ‘collective’ Naga groups in order to rescue the true ethnic characteristics and linguistic identities of some
714:
Meluri-Lephori group has a tradition that during marriage, 2 (two) dhaks of firewood of a local tree species known as Mütuseü were gifted to the girl by her parent.
1283:
818:
7. Das, N.K., 1994, “Pochury Naga”, In Nagaland, N.K. Das and C.L. Imchen, (Eds). People of India Series, pp. 125-144, Calcutta, Anthropological Survey of India.
579:(celebrated for ten days in February). the name Pochury is taken from the acronym "Pochuri" which is made up from Sapo (Po), Küchuri (Chu) and Khwiri (Ri or Ry).
366:, the wife was granted only one-fourth of her own property, the rest being kept by the husband. In case the wife was involved in a serious crime such as theft or
686:
A girl to her new home (i.e. at her husband home) on the first day, at dawn she along with her friends will go and fetch either water from the pond or brine.
694:
If a young couples marry through elopement, their marriage can only be legalised by the village authority and the family concerned after performing ritual.
742:
A widow, after the death of her husband, becomes the head of the family if her children are still unmarried and holds the responsibility of a husband.
563:
Agriculture and animal husbandry continue to the main occupations, but many Pochurys have taken up other jobs. Many farming families are now above the
679:). It was also mandatory, in the Yisi group, for the bride to fetch either water or brine early the first morning at her new home after the marriage.
606:
Among the Phor group of people, if a woman is divorced by her husband due to her adulterous act or thefts, no men from the village will marry her.
730:
If the wife or her parent desires that they be remarried, they have to send her back and a plot of land known as Tsikhiyo is given as reparation.
377:(village council), comprising 6-7 elders from different clans. The senior offices were hereditary to clans, but not families. The village chief (
711:
It was mandatory for the bride's parent to give seeds, a dao, an axe, pots, baskets, necklaces, armlets, shawls etc. and necessary house wares.
209:, describing them as "Eastern Sangtam" or "Eastern Rengma". After independence of India, the Pochurys campaigned to be recognized as a separate
1276:
370:, she had to relinquish all rights over her property. Adoption was allowed, and the adopted children had same rights as the natural heirs.
810:
If a woman dies before her dowry has been fully paid, her mortal remains are claimed by her parents and buried at the family burial site.
355:
custom was practised in all villages except Meluri, Lephori and Tuphruri; the bride price usually included cattle, such as mithun or
1269:
1030:
981:
926:
899:
841:
774:
The Meluri-Lephori girls keep shaving their head till they reach a marriageable age. The age was decided by the clan elders.
305:, which worked well because the different villages specialized in different areas. By the British period, an iron piece (
567:
level thanks to the modern equipment, scientific techniques, irrigation channels, government subsidies and new crops.
2499:
802:
A rich parent gifts their girl child with both moveable and immovable properties which are bought or earned by them.
833:
Les langues écrites du monde: relevé du degré et des modes d'utilisation. Inde. Langues non-constitutionnelles. 2, 2
339:) were permitted, with polygamy limited to the rich men. Men with two wives often had two separate households. Both
442:, the eldest men from the Ngoru and Nyuwiri clans respectively, also had priest-like roles. The medicine men and
1292:
422:, the traditional Pochury religion, involved spirit worship. The important spirits included the sky-dwelling
767:
these restricted days are over, a naming ceremony is held where the child is named after their forefathers.
942:
1023:
165:
after their elders negotiated peace. Besides the three main communities, migrants belonging to the
758:
Lüruri group, a widow or widower can remarry only after his/her spouse's memorial feast is held.
564:
316:
The staple food of the Pochury was (and is) rice. All Pochuries, including children, would drink
180:
such as Pochury, Puimei, and Zounuo-Keyhonuo. The Pochury was accorded recognition as a distinct
17:
831:
393:
270:
916:
889:
253:. Subsequently, the Meluri village developed into a town. Electricity reached Meluri in 1975.
971:
443:
286:
1001:. Near SBI Bazar Branch, Dhobinala, G.S Road, Dimapur; Nagaland: C.T.S Printing. p. 39.
392:
Earlier, the newborn children were named after their ancestors by the elder relatives; now,
2518:
1799:
1016:
344:
8:
2342:
1456:
1423:
1105:
1039:
198:. Another legend states they emerged from the earth near the present-day Akhgwo village.
323:
The Pochury society has been monogamous since the advent of Christianity. Earlier, both
1814:
1676:
1140:
340:
217:
recognized the Pochury as a separate Scheduled Tribe (Sts) for the first time in 1991.
2046:
1642:
1596:
1554:
1494:
1341:
996:
977:
922:
895:
837:
430:. The village chief was also the seniormost priest, and performed all the important
2190:
2063:
1664:
1516:
1358:
455:
278:
266:
88:
2110:
2447:
2362:
2312:
2242:
1874:
1809:
1736:
1660:
1261:
1210:
1125:
1075:
225:
214:
137:
1393:
2482:
2462:
2432:
2392:
2357:
2272:
2148:
2118:
1990:
1884:
1859:
1834:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1716:
1572:
1397:
1245:
1225:
1195:
1155:
1120:
282:
2292:
1759:
1055:
362:
The status of women was generally equal to that of men. However, in case of a
2512:
2422:
2387:
2337:
2327:
2261:
2204:
2165:
2128:
2114:
2028:
2018:
2013:
1985:
1955:
1925:
1879:
1824:
1774:
1769:
1731:
1721:
1691:
1656:
1647:
1610:
1592:
1577:
1476:
1466:
1461:
1323:
1313:
1308:
1185:
1150:
1100:
1090:
413:
401:
356:
302:
145:
42:
2457:
2437:
2402:
2397:
2382:
2352:
2332:
2322:
2256:
2170:
2122:
2073:
2038:
1970:
1945:
1869:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1819:
1784:
1764:
1754:
1711:
1701:
1686:
1680:
1624:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1567:
1526:
1486:
1433:
1368:
1333:
1220:
1200:
1165:
1160:
1145:
1115:
1095:
1085:
587:
409:
232:
210:
206:
186:
181:
177:
166:
162:
133:
100:
2442:
1205:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2452:
2427:
2372:
2347:
2297:
2282:
2138:
2088:
2078:
2068:
2058:
2052:
2042:
2033:
2023:
1960:
1950:
1935:
1930:
1912:
1889:
1829:
1779:
1706:
1696:
1652:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1544:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1505:
1500:
1490:
1481:
1471:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1353:
1347:
1337:
1328:
1318:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1215:
1190:
1135:
1110:
1060:
1043:
352:
262:
238:
202:
170:
130:
117:
2472:
2377:
2367:
2317:
2307:
2083:
1965:
1894:
1672:
1632:
1582:
1562:
1536:
1378:
1235:
1130:
1080:
1070:
290:
1008:
161:
villages fought battles against each others, but united into a single
2417:
2407:
1726:
1448:
1180:
1170:
575:
431:
317:
277:
were the major subsidiary occupations. The Pochurys mainly practised
351:
included a spade, a basket, a spear, personal clothes and food. The
205:
classified the three Pochury communities as subgroups of other Naga
1410:
367:
332:
324:
141:
73:
2302:
1940:
1904:
1746:
1300:
1065:
363:
274:
250:
220:
The exonyms used by other ethnic groups for the Pochury include:
104:
2106:
2098:
1975:
1917:
676:
382:
246:
149:
997:
Department of Art and Culture, Government of Nagaland (2016).
148:, centered at Meluri town (160 km from the state capital
2005:
1995:
1980:
1587:
829:
348:
298:
294:
66:
799:
the relative of the man will inherit the entire property.
412:) was performed when the child reached the age of five.
999:
Traditional Marriage Practices of Different Naga Tribes
973:
Naga Population and Integration Movement: Documentation
416:
were common, but have been abandoned completely now.
381:) came from the Tsuori clan. The office of the first
173:
people have also been absorbed in the Pochury group.
1291:
943:"Nagaland - Data highlights: The Scheduled Tribes"
830:Heinz Kloss; Grant D. McConnell (1 January 1989).
718:has to be bought back by her brother's grandsons.
935:
706:
2510:
461:The ethnic Pochury people comprises many clans:
914:
289:was practised by those living in the basins of
144:. They mostly live in the eastern part of the
1277:
1024:
969:
921:. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 407–.
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
261:Historically, the Pochurys were dependent on
963:
887:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
891:Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Nagaland
586:Due to the complexity in the nature of the
1284:
1270:
1031:
1017:
836:. Presses Université Laval. p. 1232.
41:
894:. Mittal Publications. pp. 201–214.
850:
47:Pochury women performing Khupielili Dance
1392:
823:
400:ceremony for the newborns also involved
347:residences were common. The traditional
1038:
908:
293:and Chichi rivers. For cattle trading,
14:
2511:
2109:(including Chumbipa, Dopthapa, Dukpa,
1265:
1012:
256:
309:) was being used as a currency; two
297:and other cattle were procured from
53:Regions with significant populations
976:. Mittal Publications. p. 25.
918:Tribes of India: Ongoing Challenges
752:
648:
373:Each village was administered by a
24:
593:
446:were also present in the society.
25:
2530:
2500:List of Scheduled Tribes in India
549:
59:
449:
1293:Hill tribes of Northeast India
990:
793:
707:Gifts from the bride's parents
570:
13:
1:
813:
761:
639:
454:The Pochury people speak the
777:
689:
396:are common. The traditional
7:
657:
10:
2535:
1390:
721:
558:
155:
2496:
2281:
2137:
2097:
2004:
1903:
1745:
1553:
1447:
1409:
1299:
1051:
737:
301:. The trade was based on
115:
110:
99:
94:
87:
82:
72:
57:
52:
40:
915:Rann Singh Mann (1996).
805:
697:
2201:Khawathlang, Khothalong
389:) was held by a woman.
1403:
970:U. A. Shimray (2007).
313:s could buy a mithun.
203:British administration
2043:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
1491:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
1396:
888:Hamlet Bareh (2001).
320:in large quantities.
111:Related ethnic groups
2191:Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol
2069:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
1830:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
1522:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
1364:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
950:Census of India 2001
526:Joshou (or Joshoury)
414:Adolescence rituals
287:terrace cultivation
37:
2064:Man (Tai speaking)
1517:Man (Tai speaking)
1404:
1359:Man (Tai speaking)
387:Nyimzariku Shephie
257:Historical society
237:Nyushury, used by
231:Shantary, used by
35:
2506:
2505:
2039:Khasi and Jaintia
1555:Arunachal Pradesh
1487:Khasi and Jaintia
1334:Khasi and Jaintia
1259:
1258:
983:978-81-8324-181-6
928:978-81-7533-007-8
901:978-81-7099-793-1
843:978-2-7637-7196-0
226:Chakhru and Kheza
123:
122:
16:(Redirected from
2526:
2019:Dimasa (Kachari)
1790:Koirao (Thangal)
1648:Singpho (Jingpo)
1467:Dimasa (Kachari)
1314:Dimasa (Kachari)
1286:
1279:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1002:
994:
988:
987:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
947:
939:
933:
932:
912:
906:
905:
885:
848:
847:
827:
753:Widow remarriage
649:Child engagement
456:Pochury language
279:jhum cultivation
267:animal husbandry
224:Sozomi, used by
138:Northeast Indian
65:
63:
62:
45:
38:
34:
21:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2285:
2277:
2141:
2133:
2093:
2045:, War, Bhoi or
2000:
1899:
1741:
1549:
1493:, War, Bhoi or
1443:
1405:
1399:
1388:
1340:, War, Bhoi or
1338:Synteng or Pnar
1295:
1290:
1260:
1255:
1047:
1037:
1007:
1006:
995:
991:
984:
968:
964:
954:
952:
945:
941:
940:
936:
929:
913:
909:
902:
886:
851:
844:
828:
824:
816:
808:
796:
780:
764:
755:
740:
724:
709:
700:
692:
660:
651:
642:
617:
596:
594:Status of women
573:
561:
552:
547:
452:
402:shaving of head
259:
215:Census of India
158:
136:inhabiting the
60:
58:
48:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:Haokip, Haupit
2176:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2089:Synteng (Pnar)
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:Mishing (Miri)
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1669:
1668:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1618:
1600:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1578:Dafla (Nyishi)
1575:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1545:Synteng (Pnar)
1542:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1384:Synteng (Pnar)
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1005:
1004:
989:
982:
962:
934:
927:
907:
900:
849:
842:
821:
820:
815:
812:
807:
804:
795:
792:
779:
776:
763:
760:
754:
751:
739:
736:
723:
720:
708:
705:
699:
696:
691:
688:
659:
656:
650:
647:
641:
638:
595:
592:
572:
569:
560:
557:
551:
550:Administration
548:
546:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
463:
451:
448:
394:biblical names
283:slash-and-burn
271:forest produce
258:
255:
242:
241:
235:
229:
157:
154:
121:
120:
113:
112:
108:
107:
97:
96:
92:
91:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
70:
69:
55:
54:
50:
49:
46:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2531:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:Mikir (Karbi)
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Lakher (Mara)
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Lushai (Mizo)
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Suhte (Paite)
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:Mikir (Karbi)
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Khowa (Bugun)
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1527:Mikir (Karbi)
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:Lakher (Mara)
1510:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:Mikir (Karbi)
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1395:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:Mikir (Karbi)
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1000:
993:
985:
979:
975:
974:
966:
951:
944:
938:
930:
924:
920:
919:
911:
903:
897:
893:
892:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
845:
839:
835:
834:
826:
822:
819:
811:
803:
800:
791:
788:
784:
775:
772:
768:
759:
750:
747:
743:
735:
731:
728:
719:
715:
712:
704:
695:
687:
684:
680:
678:
672:
668:
664:
655:
646:
637:
635:
634:
633:
627:
626:
625:
624:
618:
615:
611:
607:
604:
600:
591:
589:
584:
580:
577:
568:
566:
556:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
466:Tsuori/Kajiri
465:
464:
462:
459:
457:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
303:barter system
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
254:
252:
248:
240:
236:
234:
233:Sangtam Nagas
230:
227:
223:
222:
221:
218:
216:
212:
208:
207:ethnic groups
204:
199:
197:
191:
188:
187:ethnic groups
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
153:
151:
147:
146:Phek district
143:
139:
135:
132:
128:
119:
114:
109:
106:
102:
98:
93:
90:
86:
81:
77:
75:
71:
68:
56:
51:
44:
39:
30:
19:
2412:
2343:Khiamniungan
1457:Bodo-Kachari
1424:Bodo-Kachari
1336:(inc. Khasi
1175:
1106:Khiamniungan
998:
992:
972:
965:
955:12 September
953:. Retrieved
949:
937:
917:
910:
890:
832:
825:
817:
809:
801:
797:
789:
785:
781:
773:
769:
765:
756:
748:
744:
741:
732:
729:
725:
716:
713:
710:
701:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
665:
661:
652:
643:
636:
630:
629:
628:
622:
621:
620:
619:
616:
612:
608:
605:
601:
597:
588:ethnic group
585:
581:
574:
562:
553:
460:
453:
450:Demographics
439:
435:
427:
423:
419:
418:
410:ear piercing
405:
397:
391:
386:
378:
374:
372:
361:
336:
328:
322:
315:
310:
306:
260:
243:
239:Rengma Nagas
219:
211:ethnic group
200:
195:
192:
182:ethnic group
178:ethnic group
175:
163:ethnic group
159:
134:ethnic group
126:
124:
101:Christianity
36:Pochury Naga
32:Ethnic group
29:
27:Ethnic group
2519:Naga people
2283:Naga tribes
2139:Kuki tribes
2121:, Tromopa,
2079:Naga tribes
2055:(see below)
2053:Kuki Tribes
1971:Munda, Kaur
1653:Tai peoples
1621:Naga tribes
1597:Miju Mishmi
1568:Aka (Hruso)
1563:Abor (Galo)
1532:Naga tribes
1508:(see below)
1506:Kuki Tribes
1374:Naga tribes
1350:(see below)
1348:Kuki Tribes
794:Inheritance
571:Family life
565:Subsistence
424:Mukhu-Mutha
353:bride price
285:). Limited
269:. Hunting,
263:agriculture
196:Zhiipfiikwi
118:Naga people
2313:Chakhesang
2286:including:
2142:including:
2084:Pawi (Lai)
1643:Sherdukpen
1541:Raba, Rava
1537:Pawi (Lai)
1379:Pawi (Lai)
1076:Chakhesang
814:References
762:Childbirth
640:Engagement
481:Phoji/Poji
432:sacrifices
408:ceremony (
398:amotsikosi
345:patrilocal
2498:See also
2483:Yimkhiung
2266:Thangngeu
2218:Lengthang
2198:Khawchung
1449:Meghalaya
1398:Yimkhiung
1246:Yimkhiung
778:Daughters
690:Elopement
576:Christmas
532:Yitsiithu
520:Thiiviiry
444:sorcerers
440:Tassiatho
436:Sierhutho
406:akonakowe
329:kumunyule
318:rice beer
140:state of
83:Languages
2513:Category
2448:Tangkhul
2363:Liangmai
2187:Hongsung
2162:Gamalhou
2156:Chongloi
2153:Changsan
2047:Lyngngam
1875:Tangkhul
1810:Liangmai
1737:Zekhring
1661:Khamyang
1495:Lyngngam
1411:Nagaland
1342:Lyngngam
1211:Tangkhul
1126:Liangmai
658:Marriage
623:PROPOSAL
538:Achutsea
523:Liiziiri
511:Pichurii
502:Thupitor
428:Phierony
375:miizaluo
368:adultery
341:neolocal
333:polygamy
325:monogamy
142:Nagaland
127:Pochurys
95:Religion
74:Nagaland
2463:Thangal
2438:Sangtam
2433:Rongmei
2413:Pochury
2393:Monsang
2358:Lamkang
2353:Lainong
2273:Vaiphei
2253:Sitlhou
2250:Singson
2243:Sairhem
2233:Mangjel
2230:Lupheng
2227:Lhouvun
2224:Lhoujem
2221:Lhangum
2209:Kholhou
2175:Hanneng
2159:Doungel
2119:Tibetan
2111:Kagatey
2041:(inc.
1991:Tripuri
1941:Jamatia
1922:Chaimal
1905:Tripura
1885:Vaiphei
1860:Rongmei
1835:Monsang
1805:Lamkang
1795:Koireng
1747:Manipur
1717:Minyong
1657:Khampti
1611:Lishipa
1573:Apatani
1489:(inc.
1301:Mizoram
1226:Thangal
1201:Sangtam
1196:Rongmei
1176:Pochury
1156:Monsang
1121:Lamkang
1116:Lainong
722:Divorce
559:Economy
541:Apungho
364:divorce
357:buffalo
275:fishing
251:Dimapur
167:Sangtam
156:History
105:Animism
89:Pochuri
18:Pochury
2478:Wancho
2468:Tikhir
2453:Tangsa
2428:Rengma
2423:Poumai
2388:Maring
2373:Makury
2348:Konyak
2338:Kharam
2328:Chothe
2298:Angami
2247:Selnam
2212:Kipgen
2205:Khelma
2195:Jongbe
2184:Hengna
2181:Haolai
2166:Gangte
2129:Lepcha
2115:Sherpa
2107:Bhutia
2099:Sikkim
2029:Hajong
2014:Chakma
1986:Santal
1976:Noatia
1956:Lepcha
1946:Khasia
1926:Chakma
1918:Bhutia
1880:Thadou
1825:Maring
1775:Gangte
1770:Chothe
1732:Puroik
1692:Khamba
1675:(inc.
1655:(inc.
1637:Wancho
1629:Tangsa
1623:(inc.
1607:Chugpa
1605:(inc.
1595:(inc.
1593:Mishmi
1583:Galong
1477:Hajong
1462:Chakma
1324:Hajong
1309:Chakma
1241:Wancho
1231:Tikhir
1216:Tangsa
1191:Rengma
1186:Poumai
1151:Maring
1136:Makury
1111:Konyak
1101:Kharam
1091:Chothe
1061:Angami
1046:tribes
980:
925:
898:
840:
738:Widows
677:Morung
535:Chugho
508:Jourii
505:Jorror
496:Trakha
490:Pfithu
487:Katiry
478:Nguori
472:Nyusou
469:Nyuthe
404:. The
383:reaper
379:kajiwa
331:) and
295:mithun
247:Kohima
213:. The
171:Rengma
150:Kohima
129:are a
116:Other
78:21,948
64:
2473:Tutsa
2458:Tarao
2408:Para
2403:Nocte
2398:Moyon
2383:Maram
2368:Lotha
2333:Inpui
2323:Chiru
2318:Chirr
2308:Chang
2269:Uibuh
2262:Thado
2257:Sukte
2239:Riang
2236:Misao
2171:Guite
2149:Biate
2123:Yolmo
2006:Assam
1996:Uchoi
1981:Riang
1936:Halam
1931:Garoo
1865:Simte
1855:Ralte
1850:Purum
1845:Paite
1840:Moyon
1820:Maram
1785:Inpui
1765:Chiru
1755:Aimol
1702:Memba
1687:Deori
1681:Padam
1665:Phake
1633:Tutsa
1625:Nocte
1615:Takpa
1603:Momba
1402:woman
1236:Tutsa
1221:Tarao
1166:Nocte
1161:Moyon
1146:Maram
1131:Lotha
1096:Inpui
1086:Chiru
1081:Chirr
1071:Chang
946:(PDF)
806:Death
698:Dowry
544:Chupa
529:Thuer
517:Tsang
514:Leyri
499:Thurr
493:Jurry
484:Pojar
475:Nyuwi
420:Anale
349:dowry
337:amoso
299:Burma
228:Nagas
67:India
2488:Zeme
2443:Sumi
2418:Phom
2293:Anāl
2215:Kuki
2034:Hmar
2024:Garo
1951:Kuki
1913:Bhil
1890:Zeme
1780:Hmar
1760:Anal
1707:Miji
1697:Lisu
1677:Bori
1501:Koch
1482:Hmar
1472:Garo
1439:Naga
1429:Kuki
1419:Garo
1400:Naga
1354:Mara
1329:Hmar
1319:Garo
1251:Zeme
1206:Sumi
1181:Phom
1171:Para
1056:Anāl
1044:Naga
1040:List
978:ISBN
957:2014
923:ISBN
896:ISBN
838:ISBN
438:and
426:and
343:and
291:Tizu
273:and
265:and
249:and
201:The
169:and
131:Naga
125:The
2378:Mao
1966:Mag
1895:Zou
1815:Mao
1800:Kom
1727:Nga
1673:Adi
1141:Mao
1042:of
311:ato
307:ato
152:).
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2117:,
2113:,
1679:,
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