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to nullify platoon advantages for hitters. However, the use of platoons has increased in recent years. As teams increase their analysis of data, they attempt to put batters and pitchers in situations where they are more likely to succeed. Generally, small market teams, which cannot afford to sign the
75:
106:
breaks to the left, from his own point of view, which causes it to cross the plate with its lateral movement away from a right-handed batter but towards a left-handed batter (and vice versa for a left-handed pitcher), and because batters generally find it easier to hit a ball that is over the plate.
94:
pitcher is left-handed and the left-handed player is played otherwise. The theory behind this is that generally players hit better against their opposite-handed counterparts, and that in some cases the difference is extreme enough to warrant complementing the player with one of opposite handedness.
93:
In baseball, a platoon is a method of sharing playing time, where two players are selected to play a single defensive position. Usually, one platoon player is right-handed and the other is left-handed. Typically the right-handed half of the platoon is played on days when the opposing starting
65:
with different skill sets are used alternately to maximize offensive potential and variability. This requires the defensive team to prepare for two types of quarterbacks, but it's less common in higher echelons of football due to the potential for "quarterback controversies".
521:
Quarterbacks may be switched in and out of the game at every play, every drive, every quarter, depending on certain situations. If quarterbacks are switched on a game-to-game basis, it is not platooning, it is known as a "quarterback controversy", or a simple "benching".
525:
Using two different quarterbacks allows an offensive team to use players with different skill sets. One common reason teams platoon quarterbacks is because one player is a good passer and the other a good runner, for example
38:. Right-handed batters generally perform better against left-handed pitchers and vice versa. Despite some resistance from players who prefer consistent play time, this strategy has been effectively used by managers like
1197:
1954:
839:
111:
who generally bats left-handed, forcing the batter to shift to his less-effective right-handed stance or to take the disadvantages of batting left-handed against a left-handed pitcher.
107:
Furthermore, since most pitchers are right-handed, left-handed batters generally have less experience with left-handed pitchers. A left-handed pitcher may also be brought in to face a
1126:
102:
Right-handed batters have an advantage against left-handed pitchers and left-handed batters benefit from facing right-handed pitchers. This is because a right-handed pitcher's
510:
to run their offense, rather than the traditional one, it is known as "platooning quarterbacks". This tactic is less common the higher the echelons of
American football, as
146:, allowing him to bat left-handed against right-handed pitchers, and right-handed against left-handed pitchers. The first recorded platoon took place in 1887, when the
295:
referred to his strategy as the "triple shift", because he employed it at three positions. The term "platoon" was coined in the late 1940s. Stengel, now managing the
1171:
1201:
3689:
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499:", was once used for the practice, universal today at all levels of football, of using mostly or entirely different players on offense, defense, and
277:
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Defensive teams, therefore, must prepare for two types of quarterback. It also allows offenses teams to run a greater variety of plays.
1100:
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702:
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994:
375:, using whichever player was performing the best at the time. Weaver also considered other factors, including the opposing pitcher's
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1175:
933:"Casey Stengel Likes To Use Two-Platoon System: Yankee Manager May Have Trouble Whittling His Squad Down to 25 Players"
355:
Following
Stengel's success, other teams began implementing their own platoons. In the late 1970s through early 1980s,
31:
is a method for substituting players in groups (platoons), to keep complementary players together during playing time.
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because of their ability to limit the effectiveness of left-handed batters, signed multimillion-dollar contracts as
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Terms for this strategy included "double-batting shift, "switch-around players", and "reversible outfield".
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1969:
229:, a left-handed batter. Cochrane, a left-handed batter, also platooned himself behind the plate with
195:
138:
The advantage to alternating hitters based on handedness was known from the early days of baseball.
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league's best players to market-value contracts, are most likely to employ platoons. Under manager
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139:
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1989:
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Platooning decreased in frequency from the late 1980s through the 1990s, as teams expanded their
738:
The
Complete Armchair Book of Baseball: An All-Star Lineup Celebrates America's National Pastime
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4203:
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2578:
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2152:
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1198:"Tampa Bay Rays manager Joe Maddon sticks with platoon advantage against Rangers ace Cliff Lee"
1149:"Anthony Castrovince: 'King of platoons' Bob Melvin back at it in Oakland | MLB.com: News"
840:"Anthony Castrovince: Platooning and position-sharing in MLB here to stay | MLB.com: News"
465:
114:
Platooning can be viewed negatively. Players prefer to play every day, and managers, including
1127:"A's trio of catchers marching to success in platoon system | oaklandathletics.com: News"
1074:"Orioles down Philadelphia in 5: Platoon system lifts Baltimore past Phillies in World Series"
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383:. The Orioles continued to platoon at catcher and all three outfield positions in 1983 under
175:
171:
34:
In baseball, it is usually used to optimize batting performance against pitchers of opposite
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1959:
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1052:"The Orioles' three-player platoon in leftfield has been a โ 07.12.82 โ SI Vault"
968:
677:"A season of struggling to win with percentage baseball is โ 09.18.61 โ SI Vault"
364:
341:
218:
299:, became a well known proponent of the platoon system, and won five consecutive
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143:
127:
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119:
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78:
57:" refers to the practice of using different players on offense, defense, and
39:
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126:
requested a trade in 1988 after serving in a platoon for three seasons with
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1932:
1907:
1788:
1726:
1591:
1503:
1488:
1483:
1321:
909:
531:
423:
303:
championships from 1949 through 1953 using the strategy. Stengel platooned
300:
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230:
167:
47:
886:
861:
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2014:
1999:
1974:
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1351:
1341:
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151:
62:
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1949:
1912:
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1528:
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328:
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222:
203:
35:
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2039:
2019:
1984:
1902:
1823:
1691:
1649:
1440:
1435:
1331:
103:
74:
264:
in 1938. Stengel himself had been platooned as a player by managers
4103:
3972:
3934:
2889:
2097:
2034:
2009:
1917:
1890:
1875:
1736:
1696:
1619:
1455:
1393:
1279:
1275:
798:
380:
376:
24:
3472:
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2707:
2702:
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2287:
2282:
2272:
2112:
1994:
1793:
1450:
1445:
1425:
414:
179:
480:
61:. Additionally, "platooning quarterbacks" is a tactic where two
4155:
2884:
2277:
2147:
1609:
1564:
396:"I'd rather be playing every day, but playing every day in the
207:
118:, feared that sharing playing time could decrease confidence.
400:
is not nearly as pleasant as platooning in the big leagues."
3784:
2077:
1870:
345:, referred to Stengel's strategy as a "platoon", after the
1025:"'Two Platoon' Idea Getting a Foothold in Major Leagues"
596:"Don't Blame Casey Stengel For Inventing Platoon System"
1225:"The Quest To Gain Platoon Advantage Takes A Left Turn"
622:"The difference between right and left-handed hitters"
363:
successfully employed a platoon in left field, using
1274:
453:in left field. After the 2013 season, left-handed
422:, the Athletics have employed many platoons, with
741:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 586.
650:"Red Sox manager has his platoon system in place"
249:. The approach was seldom used in the 1930s, but
225:, a right-handed batter, to spell center fielder
4569:
1080:. Associated Press. October 17, 1983. p. 1B
703:"Baseball roundup: Mookie Wilson asks for trade"
834:
832:
830:
828:
768:The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract
352:, and it came to be known as "two-platooning".
3697:
2971:
674:
391:, leading other teams to pursue the strategy.
3683:
2957:
2498:
1260:
1129:. Oakland.athletics.mlb.com. January 17, 2014
1031:. Associated Press. April 28, 1950. p. 2
16:Method of situational substitutions in sports
825:
760:
758:
233:, a right-handed batter. Also in the 1930s,
198:, which helped the "Miracle" Braves win the
1169:
679:. Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Archived from
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
430:began to employ platoons as manager of the
3690:
3676:
2964:
2950:
2505:
2491:
1267:
1253:
1172:"Rays to platoon Hinske, Ruggiano in left"
1049:
210:during the 1914 season. In 1934 and 1935,
961:
930:
818:
816:
755:
912:. Society for American Baseball Research
889:. Society for American Baseball Research
643:
641:
639:
576:
479:
379:, and his batters' ability in hitting a
73:
1098:
989:
647:
426:calling Melvin the "king of platoons".
4570:
2512:
866:Society for American Baseball Research
813:
593:
506:When a football team uses two or more
3671:
2945:
2486:
1248:
964:"Sometimes, 2 Bats Are Better Than 1"
924:
907:
791:
764:
731:
675:Walter Bingham (September 18, 1961).
636:
487:often used "platooning quarterbacks".
1222:
962:O`Donnell, Michael (July 28, 1985).
931:Fullerton, Hugh Jr. (May 11, 1949).
514:teams are more likely to do it than
475:
339:. Harold Rosenthal, writing for the
2465:
1372:Comparison of baseball and softball
1101:"Tanner apt to platoon outfielders"
771:. Simon and Schuster. p. 117.
142:, in 1871, became baseball's first
13:
81:popularized the platoon system as
14:
4604:
648:Krasner, Steve (April 22, 2000).
253:, managing the Braves, platooned
3820:Rules of gridiron football codes
3652:
3651:
2634:
2464:
2452:
2441:
2440:
624:. KansasCity.com. April 19, 2013
150:briefly paired the right-handed
53:In American football, the term "
1216:
1190:
1170:tampabaycom (August 12, 2008).
1163:
1141:
1119:
1099:Hertzel, Bob (March 13, 1984).
1092:
1066:
1043:
1017:
983:
955:
901:
879:
854:
1200:. Tampabay.com. Archived from
1174:. Tampabay.com. Archived from
785:
725:
695:
668:
614:
1:
4593:American football terminology
1223:Eddy, Matt (March 13, 2014).
570:
194:employed platoons during the
3758:AmericanโCanadian comparison
1050:Steve Wulf (July 12, 1982).
1001:University of Nebraska Press
594:Loomis, Tom (May 13, 1987).
284:as a part-time player under
7:
996:Stengel: His Life and Times
792:Neyer, Rob (May 13, 2004).
713:. March 1, 1988. p. 11
541:
97:
69:
10:
4609:
2973:American football strategy
735:(1997). John Thorn (ed.).
711:United Press International
709:. Ellensburg, Washington.
241:platooned center fielders
182:for the entire season. As
133:
4457:
4412:
4376:
4285:
4217:
4184:
4146:
4066:
4025:
3965:
3917:
3908:
3828:
3706:
3647:
3631:
3531:
3428:
3398:
3372:
3346:
3339:
3314:
3201:
3098:
3015:
3005:
2979:
2903:
2852:
2817:
2766:
2755:
2695:
2654:
2643:
2632:
2594:
2529:
2520:
2434:
2323:
2161:
2068:
1857:
1600:
1552:
1469:
1392:
1304:
1287:
794:"Game's progressive past"
536:1997 Ohio State Buckeyes.
495:", in contrast with the "
387:, as the Orioles won the
4318:Total quarterback rating
516:National Football League
466:left-handed specialists
4588:Handedness in baseball
4204:Fourth down conversion
2579:Left-handed specialist
2426:Variations of baseball
2391:Seventh-inning stretch
2371:List of baseball films
2203:Defensive indifference
2153:Tie goes to the runner
937:Lawrence Journal-World
518:teams, for example.
488:
402:
90:
4542:Touchdown celebration
4267:Running out the clock
2738:Center fielder (8/CF)
2718:Second baseman (4/2B)
2305:Uncaught third strike
2050:Striking out the side
1732:Hitting for the cycle
1078:The Sumter Daily Item
1029:The Milwaukee Journal
483:
394:
148:Indianapolis Hoosiers
77:
4578:Baseball terminology
4532:Running up the score
4358:Yards from scrimmage
4043:Two-point conversion
4038:One-point conversion
3639:Resting the starters
3533:Defensive formations
3430:Offensive formations
2743:Right fielder (9/RF)
2723:Third baseman (5/3B)
2713:First baseman (3/1B)
2346:Bench-clearing brawl
1635:Batting out of order
1204:on February 21, 2014
1178:on February 21, 2014
1105:The Pittsburgh Press
765:James, Bill (2003).
683:on February 22, 2014
565:Resting the starters
221:routinely platooned
4363:All-purpose yardage
2784:Batting order (1โ9)
2733:Left fielder (7/LF)
2336:Baseball statistics
1779:Lefty-righty switch
560:Lefty-righty switch
556:(American football)
550:(American football)
405: –
3340:Defensive strategy
2926:Phantom ballplayer
2514:Baseball positions
2183:Blocking the plate
1707:Ground rule double
1662:Charging the mound
1377:fastpitch softball
991:Creamer, Robert W.
908:Steinberg, Steve.
862:"George Stallings"
554:Two-platoon system
548:One-platoon system
497:one-platoon system
493:two-platoon system
489:
464:, both considered
282:Pittsburgh Pirates
91:
55:two-platoon system
4583:Baseball strategy
4565:
4564:
4353:Yards after catch
4176:Turnover on downs
4021:
4020:
3952:Line of scrimmage
3699:Gridiron football
3665:
3664:
3424:
3423:
3335:
3334:
3281:Statue of Liberty
2939:
2938:
2848:
2847:
2789:Designated hitter
2751:
2750:
2630:
2629:
2480:
2479:
2263:Neighborhood play
2238:Hidden ball trick
2005:Pitching position
1955:Immaculate inning
1677:Designated hitter
1312:Rules of baseball
910:"Manager Speaker"
476:American football
439:2013 World Series
389:1983 World Series
357:Baltimore Orioles
347:American football
280:in 1940 with the
200:1914 World Series
29:American football
4600:
4399:Three-cone drill
4262:Clock management
3957:Field goal range
3915:
3914:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3655:
3654:
3406:Icing the kicker
3344:
3343:
3322:Clock management
3276:Hook and lateral
3211:Play-action pass
3013:
3012:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2943:
2942:
2764:
2763:
2728:Shortstop (6/SS)
2652:
2651:
2638:
2527:
2526:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2468:
2467:
2456:
2444:
2443:
2248:Infield fly rule
2218:Fielder's choice
2123:Scoring position
1970:Intentional walk
1965:Intentional balk
1799:Plate appearance
1519:Pitching machine
1411:Baseball diamond
1382:16-inch softball
1327:Infield fly rule
1269:
1262:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1229:Baseball America
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1021:
1015:
1014:
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
941:Associated Press
928:
922:
921:
919:
917:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
883:
877:
876:
874:
872:
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
836:
823:
820:
811:
810:
808:
806:
789:
783:
782:
762:
753:
752:
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
707:The Daily Record
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
672:
666:
665:
663:
661:
645:
634:
633:
631:
629:
618:
612:
611:
609:
607:
591:
409:
297:New York Yankees
272:. Garms won the
270:Wilbert Robinson
192:George Stallings
154:and left-handed
87:New York Yankees
46:to win multiple
44:New York Yankees
4608:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4512:Gatorade shower
4453:
4408:
4372:
4328:Receiving yards
4281:
4213:
4180:
4142:
4089:Incomplete pass
4062:
4017:
3961:
3904:
3824:
3805:Street/Backyard
3702:
3696:
3666:
3661:
3643:
3627:
3556:Seattle Cover 3
3527:
3518:Minnesota shift
3478:Single set back
3420:
3394:
3368:
3331:
3310:
3306:Tackle-eligible
3286:Halfback option
3241:Fake field goal
3197:
3094:
3058:Run-pass option
3001:
2975:
2970:
2940:
2935:
2899:
2895:General manager
2880:Official scorer
2875:Bullpen catcher
2844:
2813:
2758:
2747:
2691:
2687:Position player
2646:
2639:
2626:
2590:
2559:Middle reliever
2516:
2511:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2430:
2319:
2223:Fifth infielder
2198:Covering a base
2193:Caught stealing
2163:
2157:
2088:Caught stealing
2064:
1960:Inside pitching
1896:Vulcan changeup
1886:Brushback pitch
1861:
1853:
1747:Inside-the-park
1702:Golden sombrero
1596:
1548:
1514:Glove (defense)
1465:
1388:
1362:Unwritten rules
1300:
1283:
1273:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1003:. p. 228.
988:
984:
974:
972:
969:Chicago Tribune
960:
956:
946:
944:
929:
925:
915:
913:
906:
902:
892:
890:
887:"Casey Stengel"
885:
884:
880:
870:
868:
860:
859:
855:
845:
843:
838:
837:
826:
821:
814:
804:
802:
790:
786:
779:
763:
756:
749:
730:
726:
716:
714:
701:
700:
696:
686:
684:
673:
669:
659:
657:
646:
637:
627:
625:
620:
619:
615:
605:
603:
592:
577:
573:
544:
528:Stanley Jackson
478:
455:relief pitchers
411:
404:
365:John Lowenstein
342:New York Herald
315:at third base,
274:National League
239:New York Giants
219:Mickey Cochrane
162:. In 1906, the
136:
100:
72:
50:championships.
17:
12:
11:
5:
4606:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4449:Instant replay
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:Oklahoma drill
4391:
4386:
4384:Practice squad
4380:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4368:Touchdown pass
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:Pass deflected
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:Time warnings
4239:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4171:"Peanut Punch"
4168:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4099:Hail Mary pass
4096:
4094:Drop-back pass
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4058:Single (rouge)
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3921:
3919:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3861:Junior varsity
3858:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3832:
3830:
3829:Levels of play
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3763:Burnside rules
3760:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3721:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3523:Notre Dame Box
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3327:Hail Mary pass
3324:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Fake procedure
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2931:Platoon system
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2830:Contact hitter
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2809:Cleanup hitter
2806:
2804:Leadoff hitter
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2682:Utility player
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2533:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2243:In-between hop
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:Platoon system
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1774:Leadoff hitter
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1672:Cleanup hitter
1669:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:sacrifice bunt
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1615:Baltimore chop
1612:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1544:Uniform number
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1524:Protective cup
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1499:Batting helmet
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1451:On-deck circle
1448:
1443:
1441:Foul territory
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1357:Suspended game
1354:
1349:
1347:Protested game
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1215:
1189:
1162:
1140:
1118:
1091:
1065:
1042:
1016:
1009:
982:
954:
923:
900:
878:
853:
824:
812:
784:
777:
754:
747:
724:
694:
667:
656:. p. B1-3
635:
613:
574:
572:
569:
568:
567:
562:
557:
551:
543:
540:
485:Steve Spurrier
477:
474:
443:Boston Red Sox
432:Tampa Bay Rays
393:
286:Frankie Frisch
212:Detroit Tigers
164:Detroit Tigers
135:
132:
99:
96:
71:
68:
21:platoon system
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4605:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4475:Coaching tree
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Total offense
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4313:Passer rating
4311:
4309:
4308:Passing yards
4306:
4304:
4303:Rushing yards
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4199:Three-and-out
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:Ball handling
4065:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Coffin corner
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3900:International
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:Youth/midget
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3658:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
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3075:Run and shoot
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2703:Pitcher (1/P)
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2564:Long reliever
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2401:Sign stealing
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2331:Baseball card
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2253:Infield shift
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2165:(positioning)
2160:
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2055:Time of pitch
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2018:
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1881:Breaking ball
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1839:Switch hitter
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1687:Double switch
1685:
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1668:
1667:Checked swing
1665:
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1653:
1651:
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1630:Batting count
1628:
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1603:
1599:
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1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:extra innings
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:Batting order
1558:
1557:
1555:
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1497:
1495:
1494:Batting glove
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
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1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1461:Warning track
1459:
1457:
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1203:
1199:
1193:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1151:. Mlb.mlb.com
1150:
1144:
1128:
1122:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1079:
1075:
1069:
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1046:
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1010:9780803263673
1006:
1002:
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992:
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965:
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942:
938:
934:
927:
911:
904:
888:
882:
867:
863:
857:
842:. Mlb.mlb.com
841:
835:
833:
831:
829:
822:James, p. 595
819:
817:
801:
800:
795:
788:
780:
778:9781439106938
774:
770:
769:
761:
759:
750:
748:9781578660049
744:
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739:
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682:
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552:
549:
546:
545:
539:
537:
533:
529:
523:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
501:special teams
498:
494:
486:
482:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
410:
408:
407:Brian Daubach
401:
399:
398:minor leagues
392:
390:
386:
385:Joe Altobelli
382:
378:
374:
373:Gary Roenicke
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
348:
344:
343:
338:
334:
333:Gene Woodling
330:
326:
322:
321:Moose Skowron
318:
314:
313:Gil McDougald
310:
309:Billy Johnson
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
278:batting title
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
255:third basemen
252:
251:Casey Stengel
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:Boston Braves
185:
181:
177:
176:Freddie Payne
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:switch hitter
141:
131:
129:
128:Lenny Dykstra
125:
124:New York Mets
121:
120:Mookie Wilson
117:
116:Walter Alston
112:
110:
109:switch-hitter
105:
95:
88:
84:
80:
79:Casey Stengel
76:
67:
64:
60:
59:special teams
56:
51:
49:
45:
41:
40:Casey Stengel
37:
32:
30:
26:
22:
4552:Trading card
4444:Penalty flag
4404:Film session
4343:Return yards
4277:Garbage time
4272:Untimed play
4161:Interception
4079:Forward pass
3988:Neutral zone
3890:Professional
3623:8-in-the-box
3380:Bump and run
3266:Fumblerooski
3261:Flea flicker
3038:Buck-lateral
2997:Play calling
2930:
2921:Injured list
2835:Power hitter
2799:Pinch runner
2794:Pinch hitter
2463:
2451:
2439:
2381:Scorekeeping
2366:Injured list
2356:Doubleheader
2341:Bench jockey
2258:Interference
2138:Squeeze play
2103:Left on base
2083:Bases loaded
2070:Base running
1990:Perfect game
1943:split-finger
1803:
1789:Mendoza Line
1727:Hit by pitch
1655:squeeze play
1592:Pace of play
1553:Game process
1489:Batting cage
1421:Batter's eye
1416:Batter's box
1337:Interference
1322:Ground rules
1295:
1289:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:the original
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1107:. p. D2
1104:
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
1077:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1028:
1019:
995:
985:
973:. Retrieved
967:
957:
945:. Retrieved
943:. p. 10
936:
926:
914:. Retrieved
903:
891:. Retrieved
881:
869:. Retrieved
856:
844:. Retrieved
803:. Retrieved
797:
787:
767:
737:
727:
715:. Retrieved
706:
697:
685:. Retrieved
681:the original
670:
658:. Retrieved
653:
626:. Retrieved
616:
604:. Retrieved
602:. p. 26
600:Toledo Blade
599:
532:Joe Germaine
524:
520:
508:quarterbacks
505:
490:
462:Javier Lรณpez
436:
424:Josh Reddick
412:
403:
395:
354:
340:
301:World Series
293:Tris Speaker
290:
247:Jimmy Ripple
231:Ray Hayworth
206:reached 400
202:. No Braves
168:Boss Schmidt
160:center field
140:Bob Ferguson
137:
113:
101:
92:
63:quarterbacks
52:
48:World Series
33:
20:
18:
4557:Twelfth man
4490:Football IQ
4480:Concussions
4413:Officiating
4166:Muffed punt
4136:Onside kick
3851:High school
3498:Pistol-Flex
3458:Single-wing
3271:Hidden ball
3221:Double pass
3203:Trick plays
3183:Stop-and-go
3028:Air Coryell
2992:Two-platoon
2987:One-platoon
2853:Non-players
2612:Ground ball
2470:WikiProject
2293:Triple play
2268:Passed ball
2208:Double play
2173:Appeal play
2143:Stolen base
2108:Obstruction
2093:Hit and run
2045:Strike zone
2015:Quick pitch
2000:Pitch count
1975:Knuckleball
1829:Strike zone
1809:Pull hitter
1769:Infield hit
1722:Hit and run
1625:Batted ball
1352:Strike zone
1342:Pitch clock
1208:February 3,
1182:February 3,
1155:February 3,
1133:February 3,
1111:February 4,
1084:February 4,
1058:February 3,
1035:February 3,
975:February 5,
947:February 3,
916:February 3,
893:February 4,
871:February 3,
846:February 3,
805:February 3,
733:James, Bill
717:February 4,
687:February 4,
660:February 4,
628:February 4,
606:February 3,
512:high school
470:free agents
458:Boone Logan
451:Daniel Nava
447:Jonny Gomes
369:Benny Ayala
361:Earl Weaver
317:Joe Collins
305:Bobby Brown
266:John McGraw
243:Hank Leiber
227:Jo-Jo White
196:1914 season
172:Jack Warner
166:alternated
152:Gid Gardner
4572:Categories
4495:Formations
4434:Chain crew
4389:Two-a-days
4298:Completion
4286:Statistics
4219:Play clock
4194:First down
4048:Field goal
3930:Hash marks
3925:Yard lines
3839:Pop Warner
3815:Wheelchair
3810:Powderpuff
3513:Jump shift
3463:Short punt
3354:Man-to-man
3291:Hard count
3251:Fake spike
3226:End-around
3090:West Coast
3080:Smashmouth
3006:Offensive
2677:Outfielder
2315:Wheel play
2310:Wall climb
2298:unassisted
2233:Fourth out
2228:Force play
2133:Small ball
2060:Wild pitch
1950:Full count
1913:Emery ball
1863:(softball)
1834:Sweet spot
1784:Line drive
1742:Grand slam
1529:Shin guard
571:References
491:The term "
445:platooned
428:Joe Maddon
420:Bob Melvin
337:left field
329:Hank Bauer
325:first base
262:Joe Stripp
258:Debs Garms
235:Bill Terry
223:Gee Walker
204:outfielder
36:handedness
4547:Tuck rule
4527:Positions
4507:Letterman
4485:Equipment
4323:Reception
4209:Dead ball
4148:Turnovers
4126:Drop kick
4119:Touchback
4033:Touchdown
3983:Dead zone
3945:Sidelines
3940:Goal line
3551:Miami 4โ3
3373:Coverages
3246:Fake punt
3070:Pro-style
2757:Offensive
2696:by number
2672:Infielder
2645:Defensive
2569:Setup man
2351:Dead ball
2040:Strikeout
2020:Screwball
1985:No-hitter
1928:four-seam
1903:Curveball
1824:Strikeout
1712:Hat trick
1692:Foul ball
1650:slap bunt
1582:Positions
1471:Equipment
1436:Foul pole
1332:In flight
1317:Ejections
1234:March 14,
441:champion
156:Tom Brown
104:curveball
4537:Strategy
4517:Overtime
4470:Blocking
4428:Canadian
4424:American
4420:Official
4377:Practice
4104:Hand-off
3978:Red zone
3973:End zone
3935:End line
3885:Semi-pro
3768:Glossary
3753:Canadian
3719:Glossary
3714:American
3701:concepts
3657:Category
3488:Flexbone
3483:Wishbone
3118:Crossing
3048:Multiple
3043:Hurry-up
3033:Air raid
3008:strategy
2818:by style
2617:Fly ball
2595:by style
2586:Swingman
2554:Reliever
2522:Pitchers
2446:Category
2396:Shagging
2162:Fielding
2098:Lead off
2035:Spitball
2010:Pitchout
1923:two-seam
1918:Fastball
1891:Changeup
1876:Beanball
1859:Pitching
1757:Moonshot
1752:Walk-off
1737:Home run
1697:Foul tip
1620:Bat flip
1534:Stirrups
1509:Doughnut
1456:Outfield
1406:Backstop
1394:Ballpark
1367:Cheating
1297:Glossary
1282:concepts
1280:softball
1276:Baseball
1054:. Si.com
993:(1996).
799:ESPN.com
542:See also
415:bullpens
381:fastball
377:velocity
359:manager
98:Strategy
70:Baseball
25:baseball
4458:Related
4439:Penalty
4227:Timeout
4131:Kickoff
4084:Lateral
4026:Scoring
3895:Women's
3868:College
3856:Varsity
3724:History
3618:Prevent
3603:7โ1โ2โ1
3541:2-level
3508:Wildcat
3473:Pro set
3468:Shotgun
3443:Split-T
3364:Tampa 2
3296:Pyramid
3236:Spinner
3231:Reverse
2980:Systems
2916:Battery
2911:Captain
2904:Related
2870:Coaches
2865:Manager
2767:by role
2759:players
2667:Catcher
2662:Pitcher
2655:by type
2647:players
2607:Control
2537:Starter
2530:by role
2419:winning
2410:Streak
2324:Related
2288:Tag out
2283:Rundown
2273:Pickoff
2113:Rundown
2025:Shutout
1995:Pickoff
1794:On-deck
1762:Chinese
1602:Batting
1565:Innings
1539:Uniform
1446:Infield
1426:Bullpen
1291:Outline
654:The Day
534:of the
350:concept
237:of the
216:manager
208:at-bats
186:of the
184:manager
180:catcher
134:History
122:of the
85:of the
83:manager
42:of the
4255:1 min.
4250:2 min.
4245:3 min.
4156:Fumble
4053:Safety
4013:Pocket
3966:Spaces
3878:Sprint
3734:Modern
3613:Nickel
3493:Pistol
3385:Double
3347:Scheme
3178:Sluggo
3163:Screen
3113:Corner
3100:Routes
3085:Spread
3053:Option
3016:Scheme
2885:Batboy
2860:Umpire
2779:Runner
2774:Batter
2622:Switch
2574:Closer
2547:Opener
2458:Portal
2414:losing
2386:Series
2376:Pepper
2361:Jargon
2278:Putout
2178:Assist
2148:Tag up
2030:Slider
1980:Maddux
1938:sinker
1933:cutter
1908:Eephus
1844:Triple
1819:Single
1682:Double
1610:At bat
1431:Dugout
1007:
775:
745:
371:, and
327:, and
311:, and
174:, and
4522:Plays
4293:Carry
4237:Spike
4232:Kneel
4186:Downs
3918:Lines
3910:Field
3800:Touch
3790:6-man
3785:7-man
3780:8-man
3775:9-man
3748:Arena
3741:Rules
3729:Early
3707:Codes
3632:Other
3598:7โ2โ2
3568:3โ3โ5
3503:Trips
3411:Stunt
3399:Other
3315:Other
3193:Wheel
3188:Swing
3173:Slant
3108:Chair
2602:Power
2406:Slump
2213:Error
2188:Catch
2128:Slide
1398:field
1305:Rules
4500:List
4465:Ball
4338:Sack
4114:Punt
4109:Rush
4074:Snap
4008:Hole
3998:Flat
3873:Club
3795:Flag
3608:Dime
3390:Zone
3359:Zone
3216:Draw
3168:Seam
3158:Post
3148:Jerk
3133:Flat
3128:Drag
3123:Curl
3023:A-11
2118:Safe
2078:Balk
1871:Balk
1849:Walk
1640:Bunt
1479:Ball
1278:and
1236:2014
1210:2014
1184:2014
1157:2014
1135:2014
1113:2014
1086:2014
1060:2014
1037:2014
1005:ISBN
977:2014
949:2014
918:2014
895:2014
873:2014
848:2014
807:2014
773:ISBN
743:ISBN
719:2014
689:2014
662:2014
630:2014
608:2014
530:and
460:and
449:and
437:The
331:and
319:and
268:and
260:and
245:and
4003:Gap
3844:AYF
3593:6โ2
3588:5โ3
3583:5โ2
3573:4โ4
3563:3โ4
3546:4โ3
3416:Spy
3153:Out
3143:Hot
3138:Fly
2542:Ace
1717:Hit
1587:Run
1577:Out
1504:Cap
1484:Bat
335:in
323:at
276:'s
178:at
158:in
27:or
23:in
4574::
4426:,
3578:46
1294:ยท
1227:.
1103:.
1076:.
1027:.
999:.
966:.
939:.
935:.
864:.
827:^
815:^
796:.
757:^
705:.
652:.
638:^
598:.
578:^
503:.
472:.
434:.
367:,
307:,
288:.
214:'
190:,
170:,
130:.
19:A
4430:)
4422:(
3691:e
3684:t
3677:v
3453:A
3448:I
3438:T
2965:e
2958:t
2951:v
2506:e
2499:t
2492:v
1396:/
1268:e
1261:t
1254:v
1238:.
1212:.
1186:.
1159:.
1137:.
1115:.
1088:.
1062:.
1039:.
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