501:. A 2004 review found that 32 states had a statute "that prohibits, in some form, the concealment, destruction, or tampering with evidence." Evidence tampering "generally refers to physical evidence and is not founded on false statements or the concealment of information by false statements." It falls within the broader set of
524:
are: that the person had "knowledge that an official proceeding or investigation is in progress or is likely to be instituted"; that the person took (2) "overt action to alter, destroy, conceal, or remove evidence"; and that (3) the person had the "purpose of impairing the value or availability of
497:"to tamper with, conceal, or destroy evidence knowing that it may be wanted in a judicial proceeding or is being sought by law enforcement officers." This is also a crime under statutes of many
139:
553:
has held that "physical evidence includes one's fingerprints, handwriting, vocal characteristics, stance, stride, gestures, or blood characteristics."
542:
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541:"distinguished 'physical' and 'demeanor' evidence from 'testimonial' evidence, holding that evidence of the former does not engender
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192:
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409:
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144:
106:
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33:
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468:) to prove a fact in issue based on the object's physical characteristics.
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390:
376:
634:
The
Varying Parameters of Obstruction of Justice in American Criminal Law
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457:
356:
335:
385:
56:
366:
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Any material object relevant to the facts in a judicial proceeding
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371:
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that plays some role in the matter that gave rise to the
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525:the evidence in the proceeding or investigation."
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410:
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551:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
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403:
628:
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513:, destruction of government property,
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464:in a judicial proceeding (such as a
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663:, 1032-33 (9th Cir. 2001).
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505:-related offenses; others include
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25:
696:
656:United States v. Velarde-Gomez
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1:
593:
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325:Declaration against interest
193:Self-authenticating document
7:
556:
10:
701:
486:
480:
428:
620:§ 63 (footnotes omitted).
203:Hague Evidence Convention
92:Eyewitness identification
330:Present sense impression
140:Public policy exclusions
522:elements of the offense
483:Tampering with evidence
503:obstruction of justice
489:Spoliation of evidence
107:Consciousness of guilt
661:269 F.3d 1023
615:Corpus Juris Secundum
535:Pennsylvania v. Muniz
256:Recorded recollection
583:Documentary evidence
545:protection" against
493:It is an offense at
290:in United States law
618:Obstructing Justice
130:Laying a foundation
588:Evidence packaging
573:DNA fingerprinting
547:self-incrimination
539:U.S. Supreme Court
529:Self-incrimination
429:For the film, see
386:trusts and estates
266:Dead Man's Statute
231:Direct examination
188:Best evidence rule
685:Forensic evidence
642:40, 83-84 (2004).
641:
450:material evidence
442:physical evidence
431:Physical Evidence
427:
426:
347:Implied assertion
310:Dying declaration
305:Excited utterance
251:Proffer agreement
236:Cross-examination
49:Types of evidence
18:Physical evidence
16:(Redirected from
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632:John F. Decker,
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568:Forensic science
563:Chain of custody
460:, introduced as
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342:Learned treatise
320:Ancient document
300:Business records
198:Ancient document
178:Chain of custody
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543:Fifth Amendment
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520:Generally, the
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454:material object
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315:Party admission
183:Judicial notice
125:Burden of proof
67:Real (physical)
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578:Authentication
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169:Authentication
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446:real evidence
444:(also called
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97:Genetic (DNA)
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680:Evidence law
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537:(1990), the
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438:evidence law
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391:Criminal law
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160:Similar fact
66:
40:Part of the
639:LA. L. Rev.
499:U.S. states
295:Confessions
246:Impeachment
135:Materiality
82:Inculpatory
77:Exculpatory
62:Documentary
674:Categories
594:References
495:common law
487:See also:
458:litigation
357:common law
336:Res gestae
221:Competence
145:Spoliation
477:Tampering
452:) is any
226:Privilege
212:Witnesses
150:Character
116:Relevance
57:Testimony
557:See also
515:contempt
462:evidence
377:Property
367:Contract
241:Redirect
34:Evidence
511:bribery
507:perjury
275:Hearsay
72:Digital
659:,
549:. The
355:Other
44:series
636:, 65
466:trial
382:Wills
359:areas
155:Habit
372:Tort
102:Lies
613:67
533:In
448:or
436:In
42:law
676::
647:^
625:^
602:^
509:,
440:,
384:,
433:.
418:e
411:t
404:v
20:)
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