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after systemic application and distribution to the skin, as well as compounds that could act as phototoxicants after topical application to the skin can be identified by the test. The reliability and relevance of the 3T3 NRU PT have been evaluated, and the test has been shown to be predictive when
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effect of a test substance when tested after the exposure, then tested in the absence of exposure to a non-cytotoxic dose of UVA/vis light. Cytotoxicity is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of the vital dye -
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or parenteral administration. The chemical needs to be "photoactive," which means that when it absorbs light, the absorbed energy produces molecular changes that cause toxicity. Many synthetic compounds, including drug substances like
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401:"The 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake Phototoxicity Assay (3T3 NRU PT) can be utilized to identify the phototoxic effect of a test substance induced by the combination of test substance and light. The test compares the
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on live samples, one needs to be aware that too high light dose can damage or kill the specimens and lead to experimental artefacts. This is particularly important in
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450:"Guidance on Nonclinical Safety Studies for the Conduct of Human Clinical Trials and Marketing Authorization for Pharmaceuticals"
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Laissue, P. Philippe; Alghamdi, Rana A.; Tomancak, Pavel; Reynaud, Emmanuel G.; Shroff, Hari (July 2017).
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compared with acute phototoxicity effects in vivo in animals and humans." Taken with permission from
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Several health authorities have issued related guidance documents, which need to be considered for
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that can be reached by excitation with visible light photons. This state can undergo
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Phototoxicity is a quantum chemical phenomenon. Phototoxins are molecules with a
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480:"Question & Answers on the Note for Guidance on Photosafety Testing"
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738:"Phototoxicity in live fluorescence microscopy, and how to avoid it"
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Anderson, D.M.; Keith, J.; Novac, P.; Elliott, M.A., eds. (1994).
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Requirements for
Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)
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with neighboring molecules in tissue, converting them to toxic
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Chemically-induced skin irritation following exposure to light
477:"Note for Guidance on Photosafety Testing" (revision on-hold)
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456:"Nonclinical Evaluation for Anticancer Pharmaceuticals"
803:"Assessing phototoxicity in live fluorescence imaging"
708:"European Medicines Agency - Non-clinical: Toxicology"
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International
Conference on Harmonisation of Technical
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Icha, Jaroslav; Weber, Michael; Waters, Jennifer C.;
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JH Epstein (1999). "Phototoxicity and photoallergy".
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128:. Light-induced toxicity is a common phenomenon in
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504:Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
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132:; however, it also occurs in other animals.
710:. Ema.europa.eu. 2010-06-24. Archived from
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246:which becomes toxic when exposed to light.
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581:(28th ed.). W. B. Saunders Company.
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230:Learn how and when to remove this message
579:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
374:3T3 Neutral Red Phototoxicity Test – An
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381:assessment test used to determine the
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385:and photo(cyto)toxicity effect of a
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660:"Multidisciplinary Guidelines"
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393:in the presence or absence of
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242:A phototoxic substance is a
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462:"Photosafety Evaluation"
349:, produced from regular
333:. They have a low-lying
300:Heracleum mantegazzianum
256:tetracycline antibiotics
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51:on skin in hot weather.
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357:Photosafety evaluation
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136:Scientific background
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339:intersystem crossing
164:improve this article
126:phytophotodermatitis
105:systemic circulation
684:"Safety Guidelines"
289:Some plant juices:
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62:Dermatology
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910:Toxicology
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690:2013-08-06
666:2013-08-06
644:5 December
588:0721655777
561:References
525:microscopy
389:to murine
306:Porphyrins
268:quinolones
264:amiodarone
190:newspapers
107:following
49:common rue
837:1548-7105
772:1521-1878
742:BioEssays
500:MHLW/PMDA
403:cytotoxic
395:UVA light
319:porphyria
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109:ingestion
57:Specialty
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736:(2017).
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529:confocal
376:in vitro
368:In vitro
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415:in vivo
291:parsley
204:scholar
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686:. ICH
662:. ICH
250:Some
211:JSTOR
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768:ISSN
646:2018
620:PMID
583:ISBN
531:and
314:heme
295:lime
183:news
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