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is the upper house of
Congress. Senators are elected for a term of six years; they can be re-elected but may not run for a third consecutive term. Once a bill is approved by the House of Representatives, it is passed onto the Senate. A bill must first be approved by the Senate in order to be passed
2186:
are the highest administrative division in the
Philippines, primarily used to coordinate planning and organize national services. Administrative regions are not local government units themselves but instead consist of several local government units. Meanwhile,
1170:
if the president resigns, is removed after impeachment, is permanently incapacitated, or dies. The vice president is usually, though not always, a member of the president's cabinet and may be appointed without the approval of the
Commission of Appointments.
1174:
If there is a vacancy in the position of vice president, the president will appoint any member of
Congress (usually a party member) as the new vice president. The appointment must then be validated by a three-fourths vote of the Congress.
1093:
are directly elected separately by national popular vote for a term of six years. While the vice president may be re-elected once, the president is barred from seeking re-election. The incumbent president and vice president are
1269:
representatives elected for a term of three years and may be re-elected for three consecutive terms. Each bill has to be approved by the House, after which it is sent to the Senate. Furthermore, all franchise and
1205:. The two chambers have roughly equal powers, and every bill or resolution that has to go through both houses needs the consent of both chambers before being passed for the President's signature. The Senate
1266:
438:
1491:. The ombudsman is assisted by six deputies: the overall deputy, the deputy for Luzon, the deputy for Visayas, the deputy for Mindanao, the deputy for the armed forces, and the special prosecutor.
1419:
The Civil
Service Commission is the central personnel agency of the Philippine government. It is responsible for strengthening employment and a conducive work environment in the
664:
659:
1278:
417:
1308:
2191:
are regions that have control over their governance, culture, and economy. The 1987 Constitution only allows for the creation of two autonomous regions, one in the
1311:, occupies the highest tier of the judiciary. The justices serve until the age of 70. The justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the
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2649:
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17:
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2411:
687:
3209:
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1202:
997:
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409:
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174:
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Redden, R.K. 1984. Modern Legal System
Cyclopedia – Asia Chapter 7(b) "The legal system of the Philippines" W.B. Hein, Buffalo NY
3815:
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2109:
1405:
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881:
3204:
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1453:, and settling all revenues and expenditures of public funds and properties used by the government or its attached agencies.
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782:
740:
594:
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1442:. It decides on all decisions surrounding election protests and contests and has the right to deputize and take control of
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2600:
1424:
730:
654:
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1966:
1940:
1413:
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for the president's signature to become a law. Only the Senate can concur with treaties and try impeachment cases.
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375:
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58:
47:
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The
Commission on Elections enforces and administers all laws and regulations related to conducting elections,
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3003:
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must originate from the House. The House of
Representatives also has the power to impeach certain officials.
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134:
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97:
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115:
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1001:
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2203:; at present, only the latter exists, with the former remaining an administrative division.
933:) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The
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is an autonomous region located in
Mindanao. Established in 2019, the region replaced the
1322:
Other types of courts, of varying jurisdiction around the archipelago, are the following:
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8:
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The dashed lines emanating from the president means that the
President only exercises
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separate from the national presidential system. Its executive branch is led by the
1467:
The three branches of the Philippine government are independently monitored by the
1282:
1246:
1138:. The president also supervises all local government units. The president may also
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420:
395:
218:
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2200:
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and state security forces to ensure the free and orderly conduct of elections.
1147:
567:
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107:
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to assess qualifications and work integrity for employment in the sector.
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1218:
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any bill, the president also sets the legislative agenda for Congress.
1005:
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1303:
and lower courts established by law. The Supreme Court, which has a
2172:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
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805:
695:
1134:, are appointed by the president subject to the approval of the
2240:
1483:
any government official allegedly guilty of crimes, especially
1143:
1050:
1404:
establishes three independent constitutional commissions: the
3334:
3151:
2196:
1450:
1210:
826:
819:
2239:. The region also has its own judiciary system that applies
2139:(LGUs). They are, from the highest to the lowest division:
1151:
2363:
2361:
2359:
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1261:
is the lower house of the Congress. The House consists of
1479:). The ombudsman is given the mandate to investigate and
2354:
1449:
The Commission on Audit is responsible for examining,
2317:
Exec. Order No. 1987-292 Book II Chapter 1 Section 1
77:
980:The powers of the three branches are vested by the
1130:. The heads of the departments, which make up the
2131:The Philippines has four main classes of elected
1315:of the Philippines. The sitting chief justice is
1118:is the country's chief executive, serving as the
3807:
1423:sector and overseeing the Civil Service Exam, a
1077:The Executive Branch of government comprise the
2369:"1987 Constitution of the Philippines, art. 9"
1277:The House of Representatives is headed by the
3416:
2405:
2277:
2246:
2110:
1395:
902:
2235:. Its legislative branch is the unicameral
1259:House of Representatives of the Philippines
1252:
3423:
3409:
2412:
2398:
2117:
2103:
1456:
909:
895:
2726:
31:Government of Republic of the Philippines
2419:
175:Executive departments of the Philippines
3430:
1279:Speaker of the House of Representatives
1189:The legislative power is vested in the
1008:under the leadership of the president.
14:
3808:
1319:, the 27th to serve in that position.
27:National government of the Philippines
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2020:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1970:
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1963:
1956:
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1518:
1213:, while the House of Representatives
1178:
1166:, the deputy chief executive, is the
2217:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
1102:, respectively, who were elected in
1501:Local government in the Philippines
1494:
1019:
24:
1425:civil service entrance examination
1288:
1245:. The current senate president is
1012:is vested in the courts, with the
25:
3827:
2331:. Retrieved on November 21, 2015.
1164:vice president of the Philippines
1157:
1150:. Aside from having the power to
309:Vice President of the Philippines
3789:
3780:
3779:
3385:
3384:
3373:
1370:Municipal Trial Courts in Cities
1301:Supreme Court of the Philippines
1299:Judicial power is vested in the
1049:
1028:
1014:Supreme Court of the Philippines
869:
491:Supreme Court of the Philippines
217:
41:
1402:Constitution of the Philippines
982:Constitution of the Philippines
241:Constitution of the Philippines
59:Constitution of the Philippines
48:Coat of arms of the Philippines
3747:British Indian Ocean Territory
2345:
2334:
2310:
1373:Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
1016:as the highest judicial body.
18:Philippine national government
13:
1:
3816:Government of the Philippines
2303:
2206:
1463:Corruption in the Philippines
996:is the upper chamber and the
988:is vested in the two-chamber
950:representative and democratic
923:government of the Philippines
2879:Business process outsourcing
2328:President of the Philippines
2219:. The region has a regional
1541:President of the Philippines
1295:Judiciary of the Philippines
1168:first in line for succession
1146:, and exercise the power of
1116:president of the Philippines
1109:
288:President of the Philippines
7:
2135:, often lumped together as
1345:(a special appellate court)
1191:Congress of the Philippines
1185:Congress of the Philippines
990:Congress of the Philippines
368:Congress of the Philippines
210:Politics of the Philippines
68:Republic of the Philippines
10:
3832:
2278:Local government officials
2247:Local legislative councils
2178:
1509:Local government hierarchy
1498:
1460:
1396:Constitutional commissions
1292:
1182:
1136:Commission on Appointments
1126:. The president heads all
550:Constitutional commissions
120:(House of Representatives)
3775:
3734:
3694:
3436:
3356:
3275:
3160:
2994:
2985:
2864:
2855:
2671:
2662:
2544:
2535:
2468:
2437:
2428:
2294:City/Municipal vice mayor
2038:
2036:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2006:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1986:
1976:
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1948:
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1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1364:Metropolitan Trial Courts
1281:. The current speaker is
1241:The Senate is led by the
1235:Senate of the Philippines
1228:
1199:Senate of the Philippines
439:Party-list representation
195:
185:
180:
170:
160:
150:
140:
130:
125:
116:Batasang Pambansa Complex
103:
93:
88:
72:
64:
54:
40:
35:
3496:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2783:House of Representatives
2676:Administrative divisions
2288:Provincial vice governor
2253:Sangguniang Panlalawigan
2133:administrative divisions
1406:Civil Service Commission
1313:Judicial and Bar Council
1253:House of Representatives
1203:House of Representatives
1140:give executive issuances
998:House of Representatives
970:of the country within a
765:Administrative divisions
559:Civil Service Commission
410:House of Representatives
3757:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2225:regional chief minister
1476:
1469:Office of the Ombudsman
1457:Office of the Ombudsman
1410:Commission on Elections
1327:Lower Collegiate Courts
1243:President of the Senate
1221:, both of which are in
931:Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas
930:
595:Commission on Elections
36:Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas
3380:Philippines portal
2924:Science and technology
2259:Sangguniang Panlungsod
2149:administrative regions
2137:local government units
1386:Sharia District Courts
1367:Municipal Trial Courts
1000:is the lower chamber.
962:functions as both the
876:Philippines portal
199:Supreme Court Building
3335:Sport and martial art
2751:Executive departments
2341:Philippine Government
2237:Bangsamoro Parliament
1389:Sharia Circuit Courts
1357:Regional Trial Courts
1128:executive departments
1083:executive departments
531:Regional Trial Courts
449:Bangsamoro Parliament
340:Executive departments
3671:United Arab Emirates
3200:Fashion and clothing
3041:Environmental issues
2968:Water and sanitation
2805:Regional Trial Court
2650:World Heritage Sites
2291:City/Municipal mayor
2271:Sangguniang Barangay
2255:(Provincial Council)
2221:parliamentary system
2095:on local government.
1361:First-level courts:
1338:Court of Tax Appeals
1197:, consisting of the
1089:. The president and
1004:is exercised by the
516:Court of Tax Appeals
3698:limited recognition
3431:Governments of Asia
3190:Cultural properties
2956:Tourist attractions
2503:Japanese occupation
2284:Provincial governor
2267:(Municipal Council)
2093:general supervision
1438:, referendums, and
1414:Commission on Audit
1307:as its head and 14
1071:since June 30, 2022
577:Commission on Audit
145:Direct popular vote
32:
3205:Historical markers
3063:Indigenous peoples
2939:Telecommunications
2713:Political families
2554:Biosphere reserves
2273:(Barangay Council)
2233:Bangsamoro Cabinet
2229:Council of Leaders
2189:autonomous regions
2159:independent cities
1834:Independent cities
1810:Independent cities
1688:Autonomous regions
1317:Alexander Gesmundo
1309:associate justices
1193:. The Congress is
1179:Legislative branch
1124:head of government
984:in the following:
975:multi-party system
968:head of government
783:Autonomous regions
502:Alexander Gesmundo
464:Municipal councils
89:Legislative branch
30:
3803:
3802:
3740:other territories
3398:
3397:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3262:Traditional games
3097:Income inequality
3080:Human trafficking
2981:
2980:
2944:Telephone numbers
2851:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2718:Political parties
2691:Foreign relations
2658:
2657:
2531:
2530:
2516:Marcos presidency
2507:Postcolonial era
2265:Sangguniang Bayan
2129:
2128:
2090:
2089:
1400:Article 9 of the
1065:
1044:
986:Legislative power
919:
918:
852:Foreign relations
688:Political parties
469:Barangay councils
454:Provincial boards
203:
202:
155:Malacañang Palace
121:
113:
55:Founding document
16:(Redirected from
3823:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3752:Christmas Island
3438:Sovereign states
3425:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3388:
3387:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3158:
3157:
3112:Overseas workers
3034:Higher education
2992:
2991:
2862:
2861:
2800:Court of Appeals
2756:Executive office
2724:
2723:
2669:
2668:
2542:
2541:
2483:Pre-colonial era
2435:
2434:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2373:Official Gazette
2365:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2298:Barangay captain
2168:component cities
2125:
2119:
2112:
2105:
1961:
1959:Component cities
1935:
1933:Component cities
1836:
1812:
1690:
1543:
1516:
1515:
1505:
1504:
1495:Local government
1333:Court of Appeals
1283:Martin Romualdez
1247:Francis Escudero
1060:
1053:
1039:
1032:
1020:Executive branch
911:
904:
897:
874:
873:
872:
586:Gamaliel Cordoba
536:Barangay justice
511:Court of Appeals
421:Martin Romualdez
396:Francis Escudero
347:Local government
221:
205:
204:
126:Executive branch
119:
111:
84:
81:
79:
45:
33:
29:
21:
3831:
3830:
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3825:
3824:
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3806:
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3804:
3799:
3771:
3739:
3730:
3711:Northern Cyprus
3697:
3690:
3432:
3429:
3399:
3394:
3374:
3372:
3344:
3271:
3240:Public holidays
3156:
3085:Sex trafficking
2977:
2843:
2761:Law enforcement
2722:
2654:
2618:Protected areas
2527:
2496:American period
2464:
2424:
2418:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2335:
2323:
2322:(July 25, 1987)
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2280:
2249:
2209:
2201:Muslim Mindanao
2199:and another in
2181:
2123:
2097:
2096:
1957:
1931:
1832:
1808:
1686:
1539:
1503:
1497:
1465:
1459:
1444:law enforcement
1398:
1297:
1291:
1289:Judicial branch
1255:
1231:
1187:
1181:
1160:
1112:
1096:Bongbong Marcos
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1036:Bongbong Marcos
1033:
1022:
1002:Executive power
915:
886:
882:Other countries
870:
868:
863:
862:
861:
846:
836:
835:
834:
767:
757:
756:
755:
690:
680:
679:
671:
647:
620:
610:
609:
608:
590:
572:
552:
542:
541:
540:
506:
485:
475:
474:
473:
444:
443:
405:
380:
362:
352:
351:
326:
296:Bongbong Marcos
282:
272:
271:
253:
235:
212:
181:Judicial branch
118:
114:
110:
76:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3829:
3819:
3818:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
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3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
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3498:
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3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
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3428:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3405:
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3332:
3327:
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3317:
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3281:
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3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
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3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3046:Climate change
3038:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2979:
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2975:
2970:
2965:
2963:Transportation
2960:
2959:
2958:
2948:
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2946:
2936:
2931:
2929:Stock exchange
2926:
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2916:
2911:
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2637:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2623:National parks
2615:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2591:Extreme points
2588:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2569:Climate change
2561:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2521:Fifth Republic
2518:
2513:
2511:Third Republic
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2491:Spanish period
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
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2262:
2261:(City Council)
2256:
2248:
2245:
2208:
2205:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2164:Municipalities
2161:
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2114:
2107:
2099:
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2027:
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2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:Municipalities
1964:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:Municipalities
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
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1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
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1499:Main article:
1496:
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1458:
1455:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1351:Regular Courts
1348:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1293:Main article:
1290:
1287:
1254:
1251:
1230:
1227:
1183:Main article:
1180:
1177:
1159:
1158:Vice president
1156:
1148:eminent domain
1111:
1108:
1091:vice president
1070:
1069:
1063:Vice President
1055:
1048:
1047:
1034:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1010:Judicial power
953:constitutional
917:
916:
914:
913:
906:
899:
891:
888:
887:
885:
884:
878:
865:
864:
860:
859:
854:
848:
847:
844:Related topics
842:
841:
838:
837:
833:
832:
831:
830:
823:
816:
802:
800:Municipalities
797:
792:
787:
786:
785:
775:
769:
768:
763:
762:
759:
758:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
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692:
691:
686:
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648:
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636:
631:
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621:
616:
615:
612:
611:
607:
606:
599:
598:
589:
588:
581:
580:
571:
570:
568:Karlo Nograles
563:
562:
554:
553:
548:
547:
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543:
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538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
507:
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494:
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477:
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430:
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428:
414:
413:
404:
403:
389:
388:
379:
378:
372:
371:
363:
358:
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354:
353:
350:
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342:
337:
325:
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313:
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304:
303:
292:
291:
283:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
264:
259:
252:
251:
249:Charter Change
245:
244:
236:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
214:
213:
208:
201:
200:
197:
193:
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168:
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162:
158:
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105:
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100:
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91:
90:
86:
85:
74:
70:
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66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
38:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3828:
3817:
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3811:
3796:
3792:
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3786:
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3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:South Ossetia
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
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3701:
3699:
3693:
3687:
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3607:
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3599:
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3569:
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3542:
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3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
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3509:
3507:
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3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
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3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
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3421:
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3414:
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3407:
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3391:
3383:
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3371:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:Sign language
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
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3258:
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3110:
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3083:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3058:Ethnic groups
3056:
3052:
3051:Deforestation
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
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2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:National debt
2907:
2905:
2904:Fiscal policy
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
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2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:Supreme Court
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
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2757:
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2706:
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2699:
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2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:Island groups
2594:
2592:
2589:
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2584:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
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2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:Colonial era
2486:
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2250:
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2204:
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2198:
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2160:
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2150:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2043:
2041:
1983:
1981:
1968:
1960:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
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1542:
1517:
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1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
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