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Philip Heymann

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534:, who refused to postpone or otherwise modify any of the committee's plans. Cox was afraid that the nationwide publicity might jeopardize the case and that the committee's use of immunity to compel Dean's testimony might altogether bar charges against Dean. Cox decided to obtain a court order either postponing or otherwise modifying the terms of the hearing and preventing the Committee from obtaining immunity for Dean. After the staff lawyers researched the issue, they concluded that there was no basis for such a motion. Heymann was also against it for policy reasons. He thought that Cox should not be perceived as "the one kept the country from getting the story". Since Cox had publicly committed to such a motion, however, he decided to have Heymann argue the motion in court to prevent damage to his own relations with the court. In a court room packed with reporters Heymann gingerly made the argument, mainly to show that the Special Counsel was concerned with the due process rights of the defendants and not to prevent the public from hearing the evidence. (Cox had expressly cautioned him not to "overargue" the motion.) At one point Heymann said, "I want to be careful not to overargue my case ..." Judge 916:
subversion and opposed effort to allow citizens to see evidence against them when they were denied passports. But she claimed she was not the one who issued the order to the embassies, because she was out of the office. Secretary Rusk eventually agreed to set rules for requests for surveillance, but Ms. Knight remained unrepentant, holding a press conveference in which she railed against both Heymann and his predecessor. The State Department told the
566: 522:, who he knew from his days as Solicitor General, when Neal won a conviction of James Hoffa for jury tampering. It was Neal and Heymann who debriefed the three prosecutors. The next major challenge was to ensure that whoever was indicted would receive a fair trial and prevent premature disclosure of evidence that might compromise the criminal cases. In that regard the 618:, is a former Assistant United States Attorney. His daughter Jody, with whom he wrote an article in 1996 while she was assistant professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical School and the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, subsequently became Dean of the Field School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles. 480:
At Harvard he was now a colleague of Archibald Cox, his boss in the Solicitor General's office. Their political impulses were roughly the same. Heymann joined Cox and most of the Law School faculty, for instance, in an open letter to Congress, urging an end to the Vietnam war at the height of student
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Heymann left the State Department for Harvard Law School where he taught as visiting professor from July 1969. He was one of the very few faculty hires by the law school who had a substantial amount of non-academic experience between graduation and appointment. Heymann also became a faculty member at
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to express his "dismay" on learning that the government was spying on citizens abroad because of their political beliefs. The head of the Passport Office, Frances G. Knight,. it turned out, had a long and controversial history, questing whether the U.S. had the "will" to defend itself from communist
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that a shaving cream manufacturer cease broadcasting misleading demonstrations claiming that its product enabled sand to be shaved from sandpaper. Justices joked about the prevalence and amateurishness of misleading claims on television commercials. Heymann said of his performance that he was "doing
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The first task of the three lawyers was to prevent the resignation of the three assistant United States Attorneys who had prosecuted the Watergate burglars, who had threatened to quit in a pique because Cox had not consulted with them before appearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee to explain
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Heymann believed that law students were better served by being taught how to build institutions rather than merely instructed in legal ideas. At the beginning of his academic career Heymann worked to introduce law students to some of the methods taught in the Kennedy School for creating and managing
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before he resigned over management and policy differences as well as perceived interference by the White House. He was involved internationally in supporting the rule of law in criminal justice systems. In domestic politics he was a vocal supporter of civil and political liberties and, as such, was
406:. After his admission to the Supreme Court bar in 1963, Heymann argued six cases before the Supreme Court. Only one of these, however, received any publicity, and that was owing to the unusual levity of the court on that occasion. Heymann left the Solicitor General's office shortly after President 933:
Professors tend to exaggerate the importance of most new ideas. Much that is most important to our lives and to our history happens when, on a larger or smaller stage, individuals create or shape institutions. And much of the most important teaching is not about new discoveries or new critical
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had asked for the instructions and that such surveillance requests had routinely been made without the knowledge of the directors of the Bureau for at least two decades. The affair became something of a political issue, an early pushback against government surveillance. After serving as acting
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concluded that because Cox's own son broke the family tradition by not entering the legal profession and because Heymann worked for Cox at the Solicitor General's Office and trained under him at Harvard Law School, Heymann, his Harvard colleague, "was as close to Archibald Cox as a son".
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that there was no evidence she was out of the office when the order was sent and that it was her responsibility in any event. Knight called Heymann a "34 year old whiz kid", one of eight bosses she had in 10 years, but said she would follow orders "if I can find out what they
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and was appointed acting administrator in March 1966. Right before his appointment he issued a reprimand to the head of the Passport Office for asking the U.S. embassies in Paris and Moscow to report on the activities of Harvard history professor and anti-nuclear activist
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from 1965 to 1967 and had founded and chaired the Center for the Advancement of Criminal Justice at Harvard Law School. He was therefore versed in how to create, staff and run a large legal institution dealing with complex problems. The other was Heymann. Journalist
321:, Heymann studied and published on how prosecution of antiterror policies can be done consistent with the rule of law in a democratic society. He was later James Bar Ames Professor of Law, Emeritus at Harvard Law School, where he began teaching in 1969. 893:
reported that the court "muses gaily on shaves", and Anthony Lewis used the cases to introduce his musings on how the judges made decisions humanly. The Supreme Court ultimately upheld the order in an opinion at 380 U.S. 374
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administrator of the Bureau for nearly a year, Heymann was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary in the State Department's Bureau of Internal Organizations. In 1967 he became Executive Assistant to Under Secretary of State
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how he planned to proceed. Cox met with them for two and a half hours, and while he gave them a tepid letter of support. he privately determined that he needed to hire a criminal trial lawyer to replace them. Cox hired
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institutions. In 1979 he proposed and the Law School tentatively approved a proposal for a 13-hour elective in such fields as analytical methods, economic theory, statistical methods and political theory.
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brief to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on behalf of the American Mutual Assurance Alliance and the American Insurance Association, in support of the constitutionality of Massachusetts's
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not be confirmed as Supreme Court Justice on the ground that he was "outside the central stream of contemporary constitution thought", which was signed by Heymann and 19 other faculty members.
296:(October 30, 1932 – November 30, 2021) was an American legal scholar and federal prosecutor who headed the Criminal Division of the Justice Department as Assistant Attorney General during the 824: 553:. He was deeply pessimistic that Nixon would allow the prosecutors to continue. He would nevertheless return for the summers of 1974 and 1975 to work in the office of Cox's successor, 333:
section of Pittsburgh on October 30, 1932, as one of two children of Sidney B. and Bessie (Kann) Heymann. His father owned an insurance agency. He was a 1950 graduate of Pittsburgh's
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Raub, Amy, Adele Cassola, Isabel Latz and Jody Heymann, "Protections of Equal Rights across Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: An Analysis of 193 National Constitutions", 28
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in Paris for the 1954–1955 academic year. He then served two years in the Air Force's Office of Special Investigations, reviewing security clearances. He later received his
2106: 435:. The written reprimand cited the significant freedom that Americans ought to enjoy in freedom of movement. After issuing the reprimand, the Bureau learned that the 1726: 1689: 1657: 1625: 1273: 1487: 1145: 101: 974:(Harvard Law, 1960) in 1967. The Massachusetts high court upheld the law, opening the way for other states to adopt the scheme, in a unanimous decision. 444:. In 1968 Heymann helped Katzenbach force a reluctant State Department bureaucracy to finally undertake a review of the denial of security clearance of 1524: 1831: 1371: 1400: 1181: 2121: 1059: 554: 1589: 485:. Cox, unlike Heymann, however, refused to involve himself in the politics of the Supreme Court. Heymann collaborated with Cox in drafting the 1955: 1904: 1428: 1340: 1217: 761:
Heymann, Philip B and Mark H. Moore, "The Federal Role in Dealing with Violent Street Crime: Principles, Questions, and Cautions", 543
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Heymann spent the rest of the summer working as Associate Special Counsel, returning to Cambridge to teach in the fall. When President
500:. Cox chose two fellow faculty members to help him set up the office. One was James Vorenberg, who had been the executive director of 2091: 1309: 958:
The first comprehensive legislative proposal for a no-fault automobile insurance scheme was proposed by Harvard Law School Professor
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Getmann, Philip B., "Should Latin American Prosecutors Be Independent of the Executive in Prosecuting Government Abuses?" 26
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Heymann, Philip B., "Considering the Costs and Benefits of Lawyering in Drafting Legislation or Establishing Precedents, 36
1401:"Rusk Will Set Rules for Reports on Travelers; Miss Knight Defends Sending F.B.I. Requests Abroad Calls It 30-Year Policy" 2101: 550: 1456: 1118: 2096: 614:
In 1954, Heymann married the former Ann Ross of the Oakland section of Pittsburgh, and they had two children. His son,
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He was Assistant Attorney General (Criminal Division) from 1978 to 1981 and Deputy Attorney General from 1993 to 1994.
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Heymann, Philip B., "International Cooperation in Dealing With Terrorism: A Review of Law and Recent Practice", 6
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In May 1973 when Cox was confirmed as the Special Counsel to investigate and prosecute crimes connected with the
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tersely replied: "No chance of that, young man." The court denied the Special Counsel's motion in all respects.
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Heymann, Philip B., "Two Models of National Attitudes toward International Cooperation in Law Enforcement", 31
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Heymann died from complications of a stroke at his home in Los Angeles on November 30, 2021, at the age of 89.
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Heymann, Philip B. and Sara Holtz, "The Severely Defective Newborn: The Dilemma and the Decision Process", 23
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Long-Term Legal Strategy Project for Preserving Security and Democratic Freedoms in the War on Terrorism
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Not Above the Law: The Battle of Watergate Prosecutors Cox and Jaworski, A Behind the scenes Account
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degree from Harvard Law School, where he was third in his class and one of two case editors of the
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who saw the daily workings of the special counsel's office as communications adviser to Cox and
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Heymann, Philip B., "Cautionary Note on the Expanding Role of the U.S. Attorneys' Office", 28
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Heymann, Philip B., "Civil Liberties and Human Rights in the Aftermath of September 11", 29
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Heymann flew to Washington to lend Cox moral support during Cox's press conference at the
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Heymann, Philip and Jody Heymann, "The Fate of Public Debate in the United States", 33
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proved a challenge because they were about to televise a hearing with Nixon counsel
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whose security clearance was revoked 14 years before by then Secretary of State
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Blum, Gabriella and Philip B. Heymann, "Law and Policy of Targeted Killing", 1
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President Johnson's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
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in 1964. The Massachusetts legislation was introduced by state representative
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took up the case (even though Professor Hughes had run against him to succeed
337:. Heymann's sister, Sidney (known as Sally) became a licensed psychologist in 2060: 959: 542: 519: 510: 403: 865:, consolidated and argued March 8, 1965, opinion at 380 U.S. 624 (1965) and 2037: 603: 367: 263: 122: 66: 570: 535: 449: 195: 569:
Heymann speaks at a Department of Justice memorial tribute ceremony for
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insights into what has been assumed. It is about building institutions.
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as Senator) by writing a "sternly owrded" letter to Secretary of State
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Terrorism and America: A Commonsense Strategy for a Democratic Society
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List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 9)
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Heymann, Philip B., "A Law Enforcement Model for Legal Services", 23
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United States assistant attorneys general for the Criminal Division
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Drug Addiction and Drug Policy: The Struggle to Control Dependence
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scheme, a piece of legislation with a decided Harvard connection.
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Laws, Outlaws, and Terrorists: Lessons from the War on Terrorism
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Heymann, Philip B., "Understanding Criminal Investigations", 22
2008: 857:, argued on December 14, 1964, opinion at 380 U.S. 374 (1965); 845:, argued on January 7–8, 1965, opinion at 376 U.S. 182 (1964); 32: 1092:"Philip B. Heymann, 89, Dies; Prosecuted Watergate and Abscam" 763:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1727:"No Fault Auto Insurance Faces Constitutionality Test Today" 637:
The Murder Trial of Wilbur Jackson: A Homicide in the Family
1690:"Twenty Faculty Urge Senate to Reject Rehnquist Nomination" 930:
Much later, in a tribute to James Vorenberg, Heymann wrote:
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American University Journal of International Law and Policy
667:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001). 859:
Paragon Jewel Coal Co. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
653:(Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, 1993). 649:
Mathews, M.L., Philip B. Heymann and A.S. Mathews (eds.),
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From 1961 to 1965 Heymann practiced in the office of the
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Cox did not sign the letter to the Senate urging that
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Terrorism, Freedom, and Security: Winning Without War
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Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
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resignation at the end of the court's term in 1965.
1310:"State Department Appoints a Successor to Schwartz" 775:Heymann, Philip B., "Democracy and Corruption", 20 1965: 1903: 1858: 1786: 1725: 1688: 1656: 1624: 1588: 1551: 1523: 1486: 1455: 1427: 1399: 1370: 1339: 1308: 1272: 1216: 1180: 1144: 635:Heymann, Philip B. and William H. Kenety (comp.), 1187:Journal of the Supreme Court of the United States 1053: 1051: 1049: 855:Federal Trade Commission v. Colgate Palmolive Co. 646:(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, c1987). 2058: 663:Heymann, Philip B. and William N. Brownsberger, 1365: 1363: 1046: 1793:. New York: William Morrow & Co. p.  1123:United States Department of Justice Web Pages 1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 756:University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 639:(St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., 1975). 463: 393: 1334: 1332: 702:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2010). 688:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2005). 674:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2003). 660:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1998). 1865:. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. pp.  1360: 782:Heymann, Philip B., "The New Policing", 28 684:Heymann, Philip B. and Juliette N. Kayyem, 677:Heymann, Philip B. and Juliette N. Kayyem, 606:National Governing Board in 1978 and 1998. 324: 1481: 1479: 1182:"Admissions to the Bar, November 18, 1963" 1090:Seelye, Katharine Q. (November 30, 2021). 1025: 1012: 456:, who made the decision under pressure of 422:In September 1965 he became deputy in the 388: 31: 16:27th United States Deputy Attorney General 1329: 1210: 1208: 1028:"Carter Backs City Native for Crime Post" 966:in a law review article published in the 889:better as a comedian" than a lawyer. The 863:Commissioner of Internal Revue v. Merritt 803:Heymann, Philip, "The On/Off Switch", 16 1397: 695:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). 624: 564: 545:fired Cox that October in the so-called 530:. Cox met with the Committee's counsel, 98:United States Assistant Attorney General 1889: 1856: 1772: 1586: 1476: 805:William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal 698:Blum, Gabriella and Philip B. Heymann, 424:Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs 2122:United States deputy attorneys general 2059: 1901: 1829: 1521: 1205: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1081: 686:Protecting Liberty in an Age of Terror 400:Solicitor General of the United States 58:May 28, 1993 β€“ March 17, 1994 1942: 1930: 1861:Archibald Cox: Conscience of a Nation 1817: 1784: 1763:, 360 Mass. 1, 271 N.E.2d 592 (1971). 1214: 1111: 1057: 651:Policing the Conflict in South Africa 376:. Thereafter, he clerked for Justice 46:United States Deputy Attorney General 1956:"Sport: Trouble in The Locker Rooms" 1723: 1658:"Text of Faculty Letter to Congress" 1587:Heymann, Philip B. (November 2000). 1457:"Negro Woman Seen for Passport Post" 599:'s bipartisan Sentencing Committee. 344:In 1954 he received his B.A. degree 1522:Finney, John W. (August 31, 1969). 1215:Lewis, Anthony (January 17, 1965). 1078: 1026:Goldenberg, Gene (March 29, 1978). 843:Brooks v. Missouri Pacific Rail Co. 417: 315:warrantless domestic spying program 13: 1964:. October 15, 1990. Archived from 1247:"High Court Muses Gaily on Shaves" 14: 2143: 1998: 1902:Ripley, Anthony (June 13, 1973). 1832:"Cox Staff Begins Review of Case" 1398:Kenworth, E.W. (March 26, 1966). 812:Harvard National Security Journal 777:Fordham International Law Journal 742:Harvard International Law Journal 644:The Politics of Public Management 2092:Clinton administration personnel 1990:Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 1830:Ripley, Anthony (May 31, 1973). 1553:"Faculty Chosen the Harvard Way" 1372:"Rusk is Pressed on 'Shadowing'" 1146:"Law Review Elects New Officers" 609: 1982: 1948: 1895: 1850: 1823: 1778: 1754: 1717: 1681: 1649: 1617: 1580: 1544: 1515: 1464:. February 28, 1967. p. 26 1448: 1420: 1391: 1301: 1265: 1253:. December 11, 1964. p. 34 1239: 952: 939: 924: 897: 872: 595:Heymann was co-chairman of the 560: 225: 1173: 1137: 1058:Krupa, Gregg (April 5, 1993). 986: 836: 770:Harvard Journal on Legislation 714:Harvard Journal on Legislation 1: 2082:21st-century American lawyers 2077:20th-century American lawyers 1590:"n memoriam: James Vorenberg" 980: 791:Capital University Law Review 311:George W. Bush administration 2032:U.S. Deputy Attorney General 1436:. March 26, 1966. p. 11 1379:. March 23, 1966. p. 44 1317:. March 17, 1966. p. 45 1279:Department of State Bulletin 881:FTC v. Colgate-Palmolive Co. 7: 1530:The New York Times Magazine 1348:. March 23, 1966. p. 1 1285:(1398): 593. April 11, 1966 1224:The New York Times Magazine 884:, involved an order by the 818: 706: 380:during the 1960-1961 term. 354:, where he was a member of 10: 2148: 2102:Harvard Law School faculty 1724:Ward, Greg (May 6, 1971). 1701:(10): 5. December 10, 1971 524:Senate Watergate Committee 464:Harvard, Cox and Watergate 394:Solicitor General's Office 358:Society. He was awarded a 2097:Harvard Law School alumni 2045: 2029: 2025:George J. Terwilliger III 2021: 2016: 1000:. Harvard Law School. n.d 784:Fordham Urban Law Journal 693:Living the Policy Process 383: 309:actively critical of the 287: 270: 246: 235: 212: 202: 185: 161: 156: 152: 140: 128: 118: 107: 96: 84: 79:George J. Terwilliger III 72: 62: 51: 43: 39: 30: 23: 1669:(Extra): 2. May 20, 1970 1637:(9): 1. December 3, 1971 1499:(1): 5. February 6, 1969 1074:– via Google News. 1042:– via Google News. 886:Federal Trade Commission 867:Jenkins v. United States 847:Bruning v. United States 830: 751:191-216 (February 1991). 629: 579:National Football League 362:, and he studied at the 339:Washington, Pennsylvania 329:Heymann was born in the 325:Early life and education 2112:Lawyers from Pittsburgh 1677:– via HeinOnline. 1645:– via HeinOnline. 1564:(2): 7. October 8, 1970 1064:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 851:Fallen v. United States 814:145-70 (June 27, 2010). 786:407-56 (December 2000). 779:323-46 (December 1996). 585:of female sportswriter 547:Saturday Night Massacre 389:Early government career 302:Deputy Attorney General 294:Philip Benjamin Heymann 166:Philip Benjamin Heymann 936: 772:511-26 (Spring 1996). 765:103-15 (January 1996). 602:He was elected to the 574: 471:Harvard Kennedy School 306:Clinton administration 1992:149-70 at 149 (2016). 1857:Gormley, Ken (1997). 1785:Doyle, James (1977). 1429:"Called a 'Whiz Kid'" 1218:"Nine Very Human Men" 1157:(1): 4. March 5, 1959 931: 807:55-62 (October 2007). 744:99-107 (Winter 1990). 716:315-34 (Summer 1985). 625:Selected publications 577:Heymann compiled the 568: 481:unrest following the 298:Carter administration 135:Benjamin R. Civiletti 2087:California Democrats 1532:. pp. SM7, SM35 800:17-25 (Winter 2002). 758:535-59 (April 1995). 749:Villanova Law Review 728:Clearinghouse Review 723:381-417 (Fall 1975). 691:Heymann, Philip B., 670:Heymann, Philip B., 656:Heymann, Philip B., 642:Heymann, Philip B., 597:Constitution Project 483:Kent State shootings 341:. She died in 1991. 319:September 11 attacks 181:, Pennsylvania, U.S. 2127:Yale College alumni 1119:"Philip B. Heymann" 994:"Philip B. Heymann" 730:254-57 (July 1989). 551:National Press Club 442:Nicholas Katzenbach 313:, particularly its 1910:The New York Times 1836:The New York Times 1732:Harvard Law Record 1695:Harvard Law Record 1663:Harvard Law Record 1631:Harvard Law Record 1595:Harvard Law Review 1558:Harvard Law Record 1493:Harvard Law Record 1462:The New York Times 1434:The New York Times 1406:The New York Times 1377:The New York Times 1346:The New York Times 1315:The New York Times 1251:The New York Times 1151:Harvard Law Record 1097:The New York Times 968:Harvard Law Review 575: 491:No-fault insurance 454:John Foster Dulles 373:Harvard Law Review 335:Shady Side Academy 317:. Even before the 260:Harvard University 198:, California, U.S. 2055: 2054: 2046:Succeeded by 2040: 1970:on April 23, 2007 1820:, pp. 51–52. 1761:Pinnick v. Cleary 964:Jeffrey O'Connell 947:William Rehnquist 737:1-34 (Fall 1990). 583:sexual harassment 498:Watergate scandal 446:John Paton Davies 291: 290: 189:November 30, 2021 102:Criminal Division 25:Philip B. 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Stuart Hughes 428:State Department 418:State Department 300:and was briefly 229: 227: 192: 176:October 30, 1932 175: 173: 157:Personal details 147:D. 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Kennedy 902: 898: 877: 873: 841: 837: 833: 821: 709: 632: 627: 616:Stephen Heymann 612: 563: 466: 458:Joseph McCarthy 420: 410:accepted Cox's 396: 391: 386: 360:Fulbright grant 352:Yale University 347:summa cum laude 327: 283: 258: 251:Yale University 231: 228: 1954) 223: 219: 203:Political party 194: 190: 177: 171: 169: 168: 167: 141: 129: 113: 108: 85: 73: 57: 52: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2145: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2053: 2052: 2049:Jamie Gorelick 2047: 2044: 2036:Served under: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2017:Legal offices 2012: 2011: 2000: 1999:External links 1997: 1995: 1994: 1981: 1947: 1945:, p. 211. 1935: 1933:, p. 177. 1923: 1894: 1892:, p. 273. 1882: 1875: 1849: 1822: 1810: 1803: 1777: 1765: 1753: 1716: 1680: 1648: 1616: 1579: 1543: 1514: 1488:"New Lecturer" 1475: 1447: 1419: 1390: 1359: 1328: 1300: 1274:"Designations" 1264: 1238: 1227:. p. SM18 1204: 1172: 1136: 1110: 1077: 1045: 1011: 984: 982: 979: 977: 976: 951: 938: 923: 905:Edward Kennedy 896: 891:New York Times 871: 834: 832: 829: 828: 827: 820: 817: 816: 815: 808: 801: 794: 793:745-52 (2000). 787: 780: 773: 766: 759: 752: 745: 738: 731: 724: 717: 708: 705: 704: 703: 696: 689: 682: 675: 668: 661: 654: 647: 640: 631: 628: 626: 623: 611: 608: 581:report on the 562: 559: 465: 462: 419: 416: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 378:John M. 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Index


United States Deputy Attorney General
Bill Clinton
George J. Terwilliger III
Jamie Gorelick
United States Assistant Attorney General
Criminal Division
Jimmy Carter
Benjamin R. Civiletti
D. Lowell Jensen
Pittsburgh
Los Angeles
Democratic
Stephen
Yale University
BA
Harvard University
JD
Carter administration
Deputy Attorney General
Clinton administration
George W. Bush administration
warrantless domestic spying program
September 11 attacks
Squirrel Hill
Shady Side Academy
Washington, Pennsylvania
summa cum laude
Yale University
Scroll and Key

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