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The proliferation of the
Ukrainian language in print was part of a wider effort of Ukraine’s struggle for sovereignty and cultural self-preservation. Mohyla wanted to preserve the Ukrainian nation’s identity that had been experiencing enormous pressure from the Polish and Lithuanian regimes. He initiated the publication of sermons for the laity in Ukrainian, Biblical texts in Church Slavonic, and scientific books in Ukrainian, Polish, Greek, and Latin. Mohyla wrote several books which were distributed in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Muscovy, Romania, and Georgia. One of his most important publications was the first Orthodox Catholic
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undeterred in his efforts to make the use of Latin in schools obligatory since it was an essential part in the curriculum in all
European schools and universities. One of Mohyla’s main arguments in favor of Latin was that students who learn it in Ukraine would have an advantage should they decide to continue their studies in other European universities, since Latin was practically the lingua franca of the scholarly world.
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Polish, and 1 Jewish. The output of these presses was not only of a religious nature. For example, in 1679 the press in
Novhorod-Siverski put out over 3,000 copies of various textbooks for elementary schools. This was a tremendous achievement due in part to Mohyla’s efforts to spread literacy among all social groups.
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and
Hegumen Antony Radyvylovskyi. In their works, epithets and similes are used to glorify the metropolitan, which include symbolic interpretation of the figures of Mohyla's family coat of arms, analogies with the sun and other natural phenomenas, characters of ancient mythology, various associations
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came under the
Russian Empire, graduates helped Nikon to introduce the Ukrainian Orthodox faith to Russians to have the common faith in Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. Many of graduates pursued their careers in Western Europe but many traveled the countryside and taught in villages and towns. According
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in which he emphasized the need for teachers to find unique approaches to each student when teaching since their abilities varied. Applying the same requirements to all students may not be the most effective teaching method. Mohyla stressed the need for students to ponder over and understand and not
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was used, until the 17th century, as the common liturgical language in
Romanian principalities. In 1632 Mohyla became the bishop of Kyiv and abbot of he Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. Because of his ties to several European royal homes, the leadership of the Orthodox clergy entrusted him to negotiate with the
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in Kyiv. People believed that for as long the cathedral was standing, the city would be spared from destruction. Thus by restoring St. Sophia and other monuments, Mohyla, on the one hand, strengthened the
Ukrainian Church's position, and on the other, his efforts were a morale booster for the whole
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For over 20 years, Mohyla played a leading role in
Ukraine’s book printing. He was one of the first to print in the Ukrainian language. Mohyla and his followers at the Lavra and the Mohyla collegium made the first steps in formulating the fundamentals of the modern Russian and Ukrainian languages.
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Thus Petro Mohyla is credited with laying the foundation for a cultural epoch which historians call the Mohyla period. One of the attributes of this epoch was book publication. Despite the political instability in
Ukraine in the late 1600s, it had 13 printing presses, of which 9 were Ukrainian, 3
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One of the first steps in implementing this vision, Mohyla founded at the Lavra a school for young monks in 1632. The tutoring was conducted in Latin. The students studied theology, philosophy, rhetoric, and classical authors. At the same time, Mohyla significantly improved the print shop at the
531:. The first years as abbot Mohyla showed that he had far-reaching goals to reform not only the monastic life at the Lavra and the Church. He wanted to strengthen the Orthodox spirituality and enhance the sense of national identity as well as raise the educational level in the country and in all
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Petro Mohyla died in 1647, on the eve of the national liberation war of 1648–1654. In his testament, he instructed that all
Ruthenian people be literate and all his property be given to the Mohyla collegium which for nearly two centuries remained the only higher education establishment in the
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Mohyla’s innovative approach in reforming the education system by introducing Latin in the curriculum of schools and universities met some resistance when Ruthenian loyalists resorted to violent acts against teachers and educational facilities where Latin was taught. However, Mohyla remained
650:(1631), Mohyla expressed his political views about what an ideal ruler should look like. He argued that the person has to maintain peace with the neighbors; defend his lands in the times of war; a ruler is not only obligated to issue laws but first of all he should limit his own powers.
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and speeches were created in his honor, which glorified the person and the actions of the hierarch. From the 17th century 12 diverse texts in Old Ukrainian, Old Polish, and Latin are known. Among their authors are printers of the Lavra typography, professors and students of the
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The original manuscript was kept in the archives of the Roman Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith and published for the first time in a work by Ed. Smurlo (1928) and again by A.G. Welkyi in 1964. A French translation is provided by B. Dupuy in ISTINA (Jan-March
656:(1645) a Latin manuscript printed firstly in 1928 presents his "Project of Union" consisted of his own acceptance of the divine Primacy of the Roman Pontiff, while observing that the legitimate rights of the Eastern patriarchates must be respected by the West.
582:, upon his request, with a printing press and printers. In 1635 the prayer books which were published in Prince Basarab’s monastic residence were widely distributed in Wallachia (later to become Romania) and Ukraine. He helped to establish the school in
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In the 1620s, Mohyla traveled to Ukraine which at that time was in a political turmoil due to internal and external factors, in part due to Poland’s annexation of Ukrainian lands. He started preparing spiritually at his aristocratic home in
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67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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Orthodox world. The school became an important scientific, educational, cultural, and spiritual center of Orthodox world, especially Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. Its graduates propagated ideas of humanism and national
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Historic preservation was another aspect of Mohyla's multifaceted career. He initiated substantial restoration projects of key historical monuments in Kyiv and around the country. Among them was the cathedral of
937:Українська педагогіка в персоналіях – ХІХ століття / За редакцією О.В. Сухомлинської / навчальний посібник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів, у двох книгах// «Либідь», - К., 2005, кн. 1., стор. 100-110
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simply repeat scientific, religious, and moral truths. In this and other works, Mohyla underscored the need for the younger generation to use their minds and not emotions in striving to achieve goals.
712:, as well as such famous writers and figures as Protosingel Pamva Berinda, Hieromonk Tarasii Zemka, Hieromonk Sophronii Pochaskyi, Monk Yosif Kalimon, Bishop Feodosiy Vasylevich-Baevskyi, Archbishop
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567:; philosophy; mathematics including geometry; astronomy, music, and history. Because of the high profile of the faculty, the collegium received the status of a higher educational establishment.
1166:Українська педагогіка в персоналіях – ХІХ століття / За редакцією О.В. Сухомлинської / навчальний посібник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів, у двох книгах// «Либідь», - К., 2005, кн. 1.
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Lavra where Orthodox books were published not only in Old Slavic but in Latin as well and distributed to various places in eastern Europe. Later that year, Mohyla merged this school with the
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it became the foundational document for the Church doctrine in the orthodox world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this book had 25 editions. His other notable works included
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with the name, and biblical images and plots. These works indicate a special attitude towards the metropolitan among Ukrainian church and cultural figures of the 17th century.
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631:(1646). It resembled an encyclopedia in which all Ukrainian church rites and services were systematized. In this, he did much to preserve the purity of Orthodox ritual.
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442:, was Mohyla's nephew and supporter even though he converted to Catholicism in order to marry a Roman Catholic princess and thus inherit the Polish crown.
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1964:
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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430:, who also ruled Moldavia before and after the first reign of Simion. Petro Mohyla's mother, Marghita (Margareta), was the daughter of a Moldavian
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to Greek and Roman Catholicism. The Romanians from Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church, and
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In the next few years, Mohyla established a whole network of schools around Ukraine as well as the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy in
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1308:Митрофан (Божко), архім. Образи святителя Петра Могили, митрополита Київського і Галицького, у панегіриках і посвятах XVII ст.
953:Митрофан (Божко), архім. Образи святителя Петра Могили, митрополита Київського і Галицького, у панегіриках і посвятах XVII ст.
749:. His feast day is 1 January but he is also commemorated on 5 October, together with the other sainted Metropolitans of Kyiv.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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worldwide (1640), written by him on the request of all Orthodox Catholic churches. After it was approved by several
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1310:// Труди Київської Духовної Академії. — №37. — К.: Київська духовна академія і семінарія, 2022. — С.121–139.
955:// Труди Київської Духовної Академії. — №37. — К.: Київська духовна академія і семінарія, 2022. — С.121–139.
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has tended to be more suspicious of Petro Mohyla, some believing him to be too influenced by trends in
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In 2003 a monument dedicated to Petro Mohyla was erected in Kyiv. The authors of the monument are
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is also suspicious of Petro Mohyla, but nevertheless they list him on their website as a saint.
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979:"The Orthodox Faith - Volume III - Church History - Seventeenth Century - Saint Peter Mogila"
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school and created the Mohyla Collegium which later became known as the Kyiv Mohyla Academy (
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Even during the lifetime of Metropolitan Peter Mohyla, as well as shortly after his death,
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After Mohyla's father was murdered in 1607, Mohyla and his mother sought refuge in the
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949:Гайдай Л. Історія України в особах, термінах, назвах і поняттях. — Луцьк: Вежа, 2000.
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in schools and public offices. Mohyla’s diplomatic talent paid off. King
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1350:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 646.
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Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History, University of Toronto Press (1988).
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Graham, Hugh F. (1 August 2018). "Peter Mogila-Metropolitan of Kyiv".
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country at a times when national unity and independence were at risk.
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Exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Holy Hierarch
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Recognised by Rome alone; Recognised by both Rome and Constantinople
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Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History, University of Toronto Press, 1988
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1371:(third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
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Monument to Petro Mohyla by Borys Krylov and Oles Sydoruk
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were members of this family, including Mohyla's father,
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Metropolitans of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1620-1686)
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Metropolitans of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1620–1686)
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Exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
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31 December 1 January; 1 October 5 October, 10 October
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New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
1275:"Peter Mohila's Testimony to the Primacy of the Pope"
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and Romanian lands to equal that in Western Europe.
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1429:Mohyla, Petro in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, 2010
654:Project of a Polish nobleman of the Greek religion
1796:(As "Metropolitan of Kiev, Russia and Lithuania")
418:, through the bloodline of his great-grandfather
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461:'s castle, where they stayed for sixteen years.
85:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
1867:(merged metropolises of Lithuania and Halych)
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1207:"Petro Mohyla | Orthodox theologian"
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95:You may also add the template
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2229:17th-century Christian saints
2219:Moldavian emigrants to Poland
1129:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com
1098:(in Romanian). Archived from
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523:reinstated the status of the
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2184:Eastern Orthodox theologians
1011:The Russian Empire 1450-1801
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457:, and in 1608 they moved to
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1745:Partition of the metropolis
1576:Joseph Neliubovich-Tukalsky
1440:(public domain audiobooks)
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334:Romanian Orthodox Church
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1843:Metropolis of Lithuania
1413:The American Cyclopædia
1347:Encyclopædia Britannica
1211:Encyclopedia Britannica
844:Петро Симеонович Могила
758:Roman Catholic theology
739:Russian Orthodox Church
525:Eastern Orthodox Church
398:, who were a family of
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1404:Worman, J. H. (1879).
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1407:"Mogila, Peter"
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1806:Metropolis of Halych
1489:Zakhariy Kopystensky
1043:arhivelenationale.ro
586:in Moldova as well.
459:Stanisław Żółkiewski
402:. Several rulers of
2214:People from Suceava
1880:Reunited Metropolis
1421:Oleksander Ohloblyn
1285:on 24 October 2012.
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455:Kamianets-Podilskyi
440:Jeremi Wiśniowiecki
436:Michał Wiśniowiecki
386:from 1633 to 1646.
310:Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
217:Kyiv Cave Monastery
2224:Ruthenian nobility
2054:Russian occupation
1890:, 1378–1441)
1503:Succeeded by
1238:The Russian Review
1092:"Femeile Moldovei"
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1384:Missing or empty
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1273:Likoudis, James.
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36:You can help
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2137:Epiphanius I
2121:Philaretos I
2100:Macarius III
2061:Sede vacante
2060:
2035:Sylvester II
2029:
1592:Locum tenens
1591:
1561:Petro Mohyla
1560:
1551:Job Boretsky
1494:
1465:
1411:
1386:|title=
1366:
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1303:
1283:the original
1278:
1266:
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1237:
1231:
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1210:
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1180:
1171:
1139:20 September
1137:. Retrieved
1128:
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1100:the original
1095:
1086:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1042:
1030:
1010:
1003:
991:. Retrieved
982:
902:. The name "
899:
895:
890:
884:Piotr Mohyła
836:Petru Movilă
827:
795:Borys Krylov
751:
732:
702:
693:
682:. After the
676:
671:Saint Sophia
667:
663:
653:
652:
645:
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635:
633:
624:
616:
613:
569:
537:
521:Władysław IV
496:Job Boretsky
476:
444:
393:
368:Petro Mohyla
367:
366:
267:Consecration
228:Christianity
195:(1647-01-01)
132:Petru Movilă
125:Petro Mohyla
83:edit summary
74:
45:
42:in Ukrainian
37:
15:
2174:1647 deaths
2169:1596 births
2116:Volodymyr I
2095:Methodius I
2090:Demetrius I
2040:Dionysius I
2013:(1620–1686)
1995:Onesiphorus
1975:Macarius II
1783:Theognostus
1673:Theophylact
1181:mek.oszk.hu
983:www.oca.org
916:Kievan Rus'
637:Anthologion
629:Euchologion
420:Petru Rareș
282:Predecessor
2163:Categories
2085:Mstyslav I
2045:Joseph III
1970:Joseph III
1862:Theophilus
1853:Navahrudak
1708:Costantine
1705:Michael II
1699:Nikephoros
1500:1627–1633
1473:1633–1646
960:References
745:, and the
705:panegyrics
699:Veneration
617:Catechesis
480:Rubezhivka
449:, part of
171:1596-12-21
1985:Jonah III
1980:Sylvester
1965:Joseph II
1906:Gerasimus
1736:Kirill II
993:17 August
869:romanized
849:romanized
840:Ukrainian
788:Saskatoon
721:Sainthood
600:catechism
576:Kremenets
572:Vinnytsia
533:Ruthenian
504:Orthodoxy
432:logothete
408:Wallachia
292:Successor
262:1633–1646
101:talk page
2030:Peter II
2025:Isaiah I
1960:Jonah II
1950:Macarius
1935:Spyridon
1831:Theodore
1696:Nicholas
1693:John III
1679:Teopempt
1438:LibriVox
1215:Archived
1191:3 August
1185:Archived
1133:Archived
1106:10 March
1075:Archived
1056:10 March
987:Archived
832:Romanian
802:See also
647:Triodion
590:Printing
404:Moldavia
243:(father)
224:Religion
183:Moldavia
160:Personal
77:provide
2130:Unified
2000:Michael
1930:Gregory
1910:Isidore
1902:Photius
1897:Cyprian
1834:Antoniy
1828:Gabriel
1825:Niphont
1793:Cyprian
1788:Alexius
1773:Maximus
1726:Matthew
1714:John IV
1690:John II
1682:Ephraim
1668:Michael
1363::
1335::
1318:General
1221:3 March
926:Sources
906:" is a
904:Galicia
871::
860:Russian
851::
768:Honours
644:In his
625:Trebnyk
549:Cossack
527:in the
511:Polish
488:Suceava
382:in the
378:in the
308:of the
234:Parents
179:Suceava
99:to the
81:in the
44:.
1955:Joseph
1940:Simeon
1888:Moscow
1865:Roman
1816:Halych
1763:Moscow
1732:Joseph
1720:John V
1711:Teodor
1702:Nikita
1686:George
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1271:1990).
1258:125890
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741:, the
737:, the
660:Legacy
598:Great
563:, and
465:Career
426:, and
390:Family
2020:Job I
1990:Elias
1945:Jonah
1778:Peter
1729:Сyril
1254:JSTOR
1072:AIIAI
1050:(PDF)
1039:(PDF)
819:Notes
561:Greek
557:Latin
482:near
353:Feast
147:Title
61:DeepL
1676:John
1658:Kyiv
1598:(in
1390:help
1223:2020
1193:2015
1141:2015
1108:2014
1058:2014
1016:ISBN
995:2019
778:Kyiv
752:The
584:Iași
513:Sejm
484:Kyiv
406:and
372:O.S.
276:Lviv
201:Kiev
190:Died
165:Born
75:must
73:You
1886:in
1851:in
1814:in
1761:in
1656:in
1436:at
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1246:doi
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