Knowledge

Petit appartement du roi

Source 📝

1829: 1836: 33: 1767: 1822: 1753: 1760: 504: 366: 221: 77: 1558:(1789 plan #10). This room was converted into a bathroom for Louis XV around 1769. Louis XVI used the room – allegedly – as a place where he could maintain his personal financial accounts (Verlet 1985, p. 526). The paneling dates from the remodeling for Louis XV; however, Louis XVI ordered a total regilding of the room in 1784 (Verlet 1985, p. 526). When 994:– that were esteemed as some of the finest of this genre in the King's collection. The richness of the decoration – fully gilt paneling and mirrors – complemented the arrangement of some of the most valuable paintings in Louis XIV's collection (Félibien, 67; Piganiole de la Force, 129; Verlet 1985, p. 229). The 723:. Under Louis XIV, these rooms housed the King's collections of artworks and books, forming a museum of sorts. Under Louis XV and Louis XVI, the rooms were modified to accommodate private living quarters. At this time, the rooms were transformed and their decoration represent some of the finest extant examples of the 1125:
also housed the King's collections of miniatures by Flemish, Dutch, and German masters, objects of carved porphyry and carved jade, as well as those rare items made of silver or gold (Verlet 1985, p. 230-232). Forming part of Louis XIV's collection of items made of gold was the treasure of the
1178:
were executed with the same exacting precision as during the reign of the Sun King. However, owing to the discomfort of the room in winter – its size and eastern exposure made it difficult, if not impossible, to heat – Louis XV was compelled to establish his bedroom elsewhere (Verlet 313–314). In
1562:
assumed the directorship of the museum of Versailles, he discovered that this room was being used as a broom closet by the janitorial staff. This discovery was the impetus that compelled Nolhac to begin exhaustive research on the subject of the history of Versailles (Nolhac, 1937).
1621:
and once one of the rooms of Madame Adélaïde, was remodeled into a dining room for Louis XV in 1769. The paneling by Jacques Verberckt dates from the 1769 redecoration of Louis XV and the present blue upholstery, draperies, and hunting scenes by
1368:
was built upon the site of Louis XV's bath (1740 plan g) when the King wanted a dining room on the first floor in which he could entertain a small group of friends, most frequently after hunting (Bluche, 2000; Marie, 1984). The decoration of the
881:(1693 plan #1) contained a billiard table, a game at which Louis XIV was adept. Additionally, the King kept several of his hunting dogs in this room so that he could care for them personally, which gave rise to the room's other name: 1257:(1740 plan #4) served a number of purposes: it housed part of Louis XV's numismatic collection and collection of miniature paintings; it served as a dining room; and, it served as a workroom. Of all the rooms of the 945:. Additionally, there were cabinets arranged in the room in which Louis XIV kept his collection of carved rock crystal (Brejon de Lavergnée, 1985; Félibien, 67; Piganiole de la Force, 129; Verlet 1985, p. 229). 1247:
due to its elliptic shape) was given this name due to the dials arranged in the apsidal recess of the eastern wall that showed the times of the rising and setting of the sun and the moon (Verlet 1985, p. 450).
1090:
is of particular importance as it was in this room that Louis XIV kept the painting described by Piganiole de la Force as “Le Portrait de Vie, femme d’un Florentin nommé Giaconde,” better known in English as the
1655:. During dinners, the billiard table would be covered with a wooden plank on which a buffet would be dressed for the King's guests (Verlet 1985, p. 527). The room originally had a window opening onto the 1431:
model – operated. The time, days of the week, months of the year (even calculating for bissextile years), and year were accurately displayed. On account of this clock, the room received the definitive name,
1400:, the room was furnished with chairs and table and served for gaming parties hosted by Louis XV (Verlet 1985, p. 449). However, it would the delivery of 1754 that would set this room apart from others. 1121:(1693 plan #10) was one of the most remarkable of its sort ever assembled in France (Hulftegger, 1954). Taking its name from the 12 cabinets in which Louis XIV's numismatic collections were kept, the 1108:
and its two salons were used by Louis XIV for entertaining foreign dignitaries, such as the Crown Prince of Denmark in 1693 and the Elector of Cologne in 1706 (Verlet 1985, p. 233-234).
1678:(1789 plan #14) of Louis XVI. Upon the return of Louis XV and the court to Versailles, there had been a systematic rearrangement of the collections of Louis XIV that had been housed in the 1100:
Louis XIV lavished much attention to these rooms intending to have the walls clad with panels inlaid with tortoise shell and lapis-lazuli. However, owing to the financial demands of the
1498:
in which he conducted much of the day-to-day governance of France. The utilitarian décor – a simple table, chairs and rows of shelving – reflects this usage (Verlet 1985, p. 459).
1967:– were redecorated and reordered by Louis XVI (Verlet 1985, p. 474). During the time that Louis XV’s daughter lived her, it served as a music room. In this room in 1763, the young 2048:
Le Tombeau de Childéric Ier, roi des Francs, restitué à l'aide de l'archéologie et des découvertes récentes faites en France, en Belgique, en Suisse, en Allemagne et en Angleterre
1039:, Louis XIV engaged in an aggressive collecting campaign that necessitated his expanding space at Versailles to display newly acquired works of art (Verlet 1985, p. 229). 1917: 1698: 1661: 1651: 1340: 1324: 2012:
Architecture françoise, ou Recueil des plans, élévations, coupes et profils des églises, maisons royales, palais, hôtels & édifices les plus considérables de Paris
1082:
also housed the collection of gifts Louis XIV received from foreign embassies; most notable among these diplomatic offerings were the gifts from the Chinese Jesuit,
672:
a) Salon du conseil; b) cabinet des bains; c) staircase; d) cabinet de la chaise; e) cabinet de la géographie; f) bibliothèque et cabinet de l’artillerie; g) terrace
1412: 908:
served as entrance to the staircase that was reserved for Louis XIV's personal use. The decoration of this room was given over almost exclusively to paintings by
355:
a) cabinet de perruques; b) cabinet particulier du roi; c) cabinet de la chaise; d) staircase; e) cabinet-doré; f) corridor; g) salle des bains; h) salle des cuves
975: 1947: 1589: 1397: 2459: 1778: 1307:. This new name was due to the two dozen sculpted deer heads that Louis XV ordered placed on the walls of the courtyard (Verlet 1985, p. 457). 1933:
Louis XV, on New Year’s Eve, would sit in front of the clock to witness the changes of the various calendars. The clock is still functioning today.
1384:
was significant in the evolution of French decorative styles of the 18th century. Many of these rooms represent some of the finest examples of the
1024: 764: 2156: 2079: 1416: 493:
a) Salon du conseil; b) cabinet de la tour; c) cabinet de la chaise; d) staircase; e) cabinet-doré; f) corridor; g) degré de l’Epernon; h) terrace
1600:(Verlet 1985, p. 513). This room represents not only the personal taste of Louis XVI it also stands as one of the finest examples of the 2353:* Le Guillou, Jean-Claude (April 1985). "La création des cabinets et des petits appartements de Louis XV au château de Versailles 1722-1738". 1197:
was demolished and a new staircase was built just north of the old location. A new room was constructed on the site formerly occupied by the
2371:* Le Guillou, Jean-Claude (February 1976). "Remarques sur le corps central du château de Versailles à partir du château de Louis XIII". 1545:
was where the King kept his collection of rare porcelains and curiosities, many received as diplomatic gifts (Verlet 1985, p. 526)
1461:, which had been delivered in 1739, to house numismatic record of Louis XV's reign (Verlet 1985, p. 452). In 1769, the mechanical 1035:
and its two salons housed precious gems and paintings that the king had either inherited or collected. In the years that preceded the
1449:
and this room came best to represent not only the personal taste of Louis XV, but it also stands as one of the finest examples of the
925:
for part of Louis XIV's collection of paintings. Among the masters displayed in the room were the works from the Italian schools by
2134:
Archétype et symbole dans le style Louis XIV versaillais: réflexions sur l'imago rex et l'imago patriae au début de l'époque moderne
1597: 1261:
during the reign of Louis XV, this was perhaps one of the most richly decorated and opulently appointed (Verlet 1985, p. 452).
1158:
After the return of the King and court to Versailles in 1722, life assumed a rhythm similar to that under Louis XIV. The young
1507: 1328: 1946:(1789 plan #7), Louis XVI covered the wall with portraits of his family, imparting curious contrast to the elaborately carved 894:(1693 plan #2) occupies the site of a staircase dating from the time of Louis XIII. By 1684 (Dangeau), a new staircase – the 1626:
date from 1774 when Louis XVI redecorated the room (Baulez, 1976; Verlet 1985, p. 527). The room was also known as the
1524:(1789 plan #8); however, Louis XVI continued to use the room as day-to-day workroom as his grandfather had (Rogister, 1993). 1423:, was a marvel of its day. Taking 12 years to complete, the clock is surmounted by a crystal sphere in which a mechanical 719:. Located on the first floor of the palace, the rooms are found in the oldest part of the palace dating from the reign of 1710:
for Madame Adélaïde. Dating from 1775, the room was redecorated in 1785 during the construction of a theater next to the
2362:* Le Guillou, Jean-Claude (July–August 1986). "Le Grand et le Petit Appartement de Louis XIV au château de Versailles". 2322:* Josephson, Ragnar (1926). "Relation de la visite de Nicodème Tessin à Marly, Versailles, Rueil, et St-Cloud en 1687". 1631: 1086:(1684), which included an enormous pearl, and the gifts from the Siamese Embassy of 1685-1686 (Josephson, 1926). The 759:. This relocation of the staircase precipitated the rearrangement of rooms in this part of the château to become the 743:
began to modify these rooms for his particular private needs. The configuration of the rooms dating from the time of
1420: 1828: 1083: 1766: 998:
originally housed some a portion of the King's gem collection. In 1708, the room was converted into a library –
2393:* Meyer, Daniel (February 1989). "L'ameublement de la chambre de Louis XIV à Versailles de 1701 à nos jours". 1924:– was destroyed in 1752 on grounds that the maintenance of the skylight that lit the stairwell was too costly. 2498: 1139: 1101: 1036: 1408: 983: 2402:* Rogister, John M. J (May 1993). "From Louis XV to Louis XVI: Some Thoughts on the Petits Appartements". 1588:. In 1774, construction on the library began with the decoration being executed by the workshop of the 1295:
that the eastern part of this courtyard became a separate courtyard. This new courtyard was called the
32: 2432:* Saule, Béatrix (October 1992). "Le premier goût du Roi à Versailles: décoration et ameublement". 1981: 1921: 1002:– in which Louis XIV kept his collection of rare books and manuscripts (Verlet 1985, p. 230). 790: 680: 467: 345: 200: 2091:. Vol. eds. Emmanuel-Henri de Grouchy and Paul Cottin. 4 volumes. Paris : E. Flammarion. 1835: 1058:
and its two salons, Louis XIV displayed many of the most valued paintings in his collection. The
1968: 1458: 1806: 1514:
chose to retain the décor of the petit appartement du roi as his grandfather had left it. The
966: 784: 2057:
Explication historique de ce qu'il y a de plus remarquable dans la maison royale de Versailles
1692: 1466: 1821: 1959:
In 1769, Louis XV reattached some of the rooms of the appartement de Madame Adélaïde to his
1193:
to accommodate an alcove for the bed (Verlet 1985, p. 444-447). In the same year, the
1031:
in 1684 (Dangeau vol. 1 77–78; Verlet 1985, p. 232). As with the previous rooms, the
926: 704: 56: 1752: 1404: 991: 8: 1759: 1716:, Louis XVI decided to remodel this room as a game room (Verlet 1985, p. 528). The 1712: 1623: 1428: 1143: 1051:
and its two salons (Félibien, 68; Piganiole de la Force, 140; Verlet 1985, p. 233).
2304:* Brejon de Lavergnée, Arnauld (1985). "Le cabinet des tableaux du Roi 1661-1685/1686". 970:. In addition to some of the most highly prized paintings of the royal collection, the 503: 365: 220: 76: 2291:* Baulez, Christian (1976). "La restauration des 'salles à manger aux salles neuves'". 2150: 2073: 1164: 979: 796: 210:
a) cabinet de perruques; b) garde robe; c) staircase; d) passage to the Salon of Apollo
747:
was modified. The most significant alteration for this era was the relocation of the
1067: 779:
on the ground floor of the palace (Le Guillou, 1986; Verlet 1985, pp. 227–228).
2313:* Hulftegger, Aeline (1954). "Notes sur la formation des collections de Louis XIV". 2140: 788:– formed a veritable museum for the king's private collections. In contrast to the 2420: 1729: 1559: 1424: 1170: 1063: 2331:* Kimball, Fiske (1946). "Unknown Versailles: The appartement du Roi, 1678-1701". 1702:
in 1752 and the subsequent construction of the apartment for Madame Adélaïde, the
1876: 1601: 1044: 909: 728: 699: 2503: 1814: 1792: 1782: 1739: 1454: 1450: 1385: 1078:
predominating (Piganiole de la Force, 141–149; Verlet 1985, p. 234). The
1040: 724: 974:
housed in four niches four bronze sculptural groups – “Jupiter” and “Juno” by
2492: 2474: 2461: 1462: 938: 900:(1693 plan #3) – had been constructed just north of the old staircase in the 768: 804:
was only accessible though the personal consent of the king (Bluche, 1991).
1075: 2412: 1971:
played for Louis XV and members of his family (Marie, 1984; Nolhac, 1926).
1339:
and the two salons as well as new space created by the suppression of the
1131: 1127: 922: 2113: 1634:
factory that was arranged in this room during Christmas (Baulez, 1976).
1062:
was given almost entirely to works by Italian masters with the works by
1875:
The later two sculptures were modeled after marble sculptures from the
1801:
detail of the ceiling depicting Louis XIV's nef that was housed in the
1071: 987: 744: 720: 1331:, Louis XV ordered the construction of rooms on the same floor as the 1319:
were in response to a general reorganization of the apartments in the
800:, which were open to members of the court and the general public, the 2424: 2229:
La Résurrection de Versailles, souvenirs d'un conservateur, 1887-1920
1511: 1273: 1093: 934: 740: 716: 708: 614: 45: 2282:* Batiffol, Louis (April 1909). "Origine du château de Versailles". 1649:(1789 plan #13) occupies area that had once been the landing of the 2413:"Insignes du pouvoir et usages de cour à Versailles sous Louis XIV" 1327:(1740 plan #10). To accommodate a new apartment for his daughter, 1159: 712: 530: 392: 271: 2253: 1207:(Verlet 1985, p. 442). As with his great-grandfather in his 1047:'s archrival was charged with the painting of the ceilings of the 2256:
Nouvelle description des châteaux et parcs de Versailles et Marly
2063: 1728:
were used for the intimate dinner parties given by Louis XVI and
1135: 930: 2009: 1686:. The collection was either reorganized in other rooms of the 942: 2303: 2086: 1895:(approximately 34 kilograms) (Félibien, 116-117; Saule, 2005). 1438:(1760 plan #2) (Kuraszewski, 1976; Verlet 1985, p. 450). 2181: 1023:(1693 plan #7, 8, & 9) – were formed from rooms that the 2340:* Kuraszewski, Guy (1976). "Pendules et barometres royaux". 2190: 2045: 1732:
for their friends and selected members of the royal family.
1490:
of Louis XIV, Louis XV created a private room (with a small
2244: 2235: 1364:(1754) (1760 plan #6) (Verlet 1985, p. 473-474). The 2380:* Meyer, Daniel (1976). "L'appartement interieur du Roi". 2172: 2163: 1630:
on account of the annual display of the production of the
1506:
With the exception of reclaiming part of the apartment of
2370: 2361: 2352: 2145:. Vol. 17 volumes. Paris : Firmin-Didot frères. 2141:* Luynes, Charles-Philippe d'Albert, duc de (1860–1865). 2104: 2098:
Journal avec les additions inedites du duc de Saint-Simon
2066:
Mémoires du marquis de Sourches sur le règne de Louis XIV
1980:
During the restoration of the palace that was ordered by
1659:(1789 plan III), the courtyard that was created when the 1185:(1740 plan #4) – constructed on the site of |Louis XIV's 2417:
Bulletin du Centre de recherche du château de Versailles
1142:
in 1665 (Cochet, 1859) and the gold and jewel encrusted
2107:
Description sommaire de Versailles ancienne et nouvelle
1403:
In January of that year, Louis XV had brought from the
1373:
incorporated paneling and decorative elements from the
1335:. This new apartment occupied space that had been the 1211:, Louis XV kept some of his hunting dogs in this room. 807:
Located on the first floor on the northern side of the
1457:
delivered two corner cabinets, complementing those by
960:(1693 plan #6) were created. These rooms, along with 921:(1693 plan #4) with its southern exposure served as a 2401: 2095: 2312: 2321: 2315:
Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de l'Art français
2290: 2226: 2220:
Versailles et la cour de France: L'Art à Versailles
2217: 2208: 2199: 2131: 1777:– view of the central ceiling vault, engraving by 1592:, who had previously worked on the paneling of the 2339: 2054: 2036: 2027: 2018: 1396:is one of the most significant. With paneling by 763:. In 1684, as the influence of Louis’ mistress – 2281: 1682:, particularly the items kept in the Louis XIV's 1596:and on part of the sculptural decorations of the 1445:(1760 plan #7) had become to be also known as the 1411:. The clock, which was designed by the engineer, 2490: 2431: 2410: 2330: 2262: 2122: 2068:. Vol. 3. Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie. 1706:of Louis XIV was completely transformed into an 1476:, Louis XV also pursued the construction of his 1234:of Louis XIV were destroyed (Le Guillou, 1985). 2392: 2379: 1104:, the plans were abandoned. Nevertheless, the 2014:. Vol. 4. Paris: Charles-Antoine Jombert. 1791:– view of the ceiling vault, engraving after 1162:occupied his great-grandfather's bedroom, the 767:– waned due to her alleged involvement in the 2114:* France d'Hézecques, Félix comte de (1873). 1572:(1789 plan #11) located directly east of the 1380:This era during which Louis XV decorated the 1377:of Louis XIV (Verlet 1985, p. 442-443). 1284:were retained (1740 plan #6, 7, 8, & 9). 2155:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2143:Mémoires sur la cour de Louis XV (1735-1758) 2078:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1890:de tout d’or du poids de cent cinquant marcs 1146:, which was used by Louis XIV when he dined 38: 22: 2254:* Piganiol de la Force, Jean-Aymar (1701). 2127:. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art. 2116:Souvenirs d'un page de la cour de Louis XVI 1963:. These rooms – with the exception of the 1315:The modifications of the late 1750s of the 1189:, which was enlarged to the north into the 912:(Félibien, 66; Piganiole de la Force, 126) 2100:. Vol. 1. Paris: Firmin Didot Frères. 2064:* Cosnac, Gabriel-Jules, comte de (1984). 1469:was delivered (Verlet 1985, p. 454). 1346:The most significant modifications to the 1323:of the château and the destruction of the 1218:at this time included the creation of the 136:Cabinet des Coquilles (cabinet des livres) 31: 2010:* Blondel, Jacques-François (1752–1756). 1841: 1772: 1607:The room located just to the east of the 964:formed the main rooms of the Louis XIV's 765:Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan 16:Suite in the Palace of Versailles, France 1354:(1760 plan #4), the construction of the 1350:at this time were the relocation of the 1291:had expanded to such an extent into the 1179:1738, Louis XV ordered a new bedroom – 2087:* Croÿ-Solre, Emmanuel de (1906–1921). 1696:in Paris. With the destruction of the 2491: 2182:* Mauricheau-Beaupré, Charles (1949). 1617:(1789 plan #12). This room, once the 1494:) that communicated directly with the 1138:in 1653 and presented to Louis XIV by 2191:* Monicart, Jean-Baptiste de (1720). 2046:* Cochet, Jean-Benoît-Désiré (1859). 1371:salle à manger des retours de chasses 1366:salle à manger des retours de chasses 1357:salle à manger des retours de chasses 1226:. These rooms were created when the 771:, the king attached her rooms to his 698: 565:Salle à manger aux retours de chasses 427:Salle à manger aux retours de chasses 104:Salon du billard (cabinet des chiens) 2245:* Petitfils, Jean-Christian (2005). 2236:* Petitfils, Jean-Christian (1995). 1999: 1548:The small room north and behind the 1482:(1760 plan #8). In suppressing the 1168:, where the ceremonies of the daily 297:Cabinet des livres; cabinet en niche 2173:* Marie, Alfred and Jeanne (1984). 2164:* Marie, Alfred and Jeanne (1972). 1789:Deuxième salon de la Petite galerie 1619:deuxième salon de la petite galerie 1115:during the reign of Louis XIV, the 1020:deuxième salon de la petite galerie 865:Deuxième salon de la petite galerie 168:Deuxième salon de la petite galerie 13: 2411:* Saule, Béatrix (December 2005). 2267:. Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard. 2105:* Félibien, Jean-François (1703). 1535:premier salon de la petite galerie 1407:and placed in this room the famed 1310: 1153: 1088:premier salon de la petite galerie 1008:premier salon de la petite galerie 855:Premier salon de la petite galerie 782:In Louis XIV's day, these rooms – 775:after the marquise moved into the 152:Premier salon de la petite galerie 75: 14: 2515: 2452: 2324:Revue de l'Histoire de Versailles 1111:Of all the rooms that formed the 1027:occupied before she moved to the 2168:. Paris: Editions Jacques Freal. 1904:This room was also known as the 1834: 1827: 1820: 1765: 1758: 1751: 1718:salle à manger aux salles neuves 1614:salle à manger aux salles neuves 1576:occupies the space that was the 1533:(1789 plan #9) – originally the 1243:(1740 plan #3) (also called the 624:Salle à manger aux salles neuves 502: 364: 219: 2175:Versailles au temps de Louis XV 1988:was converted into a staircase. 1795:(1612-1695), late 17th century 1785:(1612-1695), late 17th century 1419:, and set in an ormolu case by 1360:(1750) (1760 plan #5), and the 731:at Versailles (Kimball, 1943). 2258:. Paris: Florentin de la lune. 2177:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 2096:* Dangeau, marquis de (1854). 1974: 1953: 1950:paneling (Verlet 1985, p. 525) 1936: 1927: 1920:– the ceremonial entry to the 1910: 1898: 1888:Félibien describes the nef as 1882: 1869: 1539:appartement de Madame Adélaïde 1097:(Piganiole de la Force, 137). 459:Appartement de Madame Adéliëde 1: 2089:Journal inédit du duc de Croÿ 1846:the king's private staircase 1594:cabinet de la cassette du roi 1580:(which Louis XV rechristened 1555:cabinet de la cassette du roi 1518:of Louis XV was rechristened 1453:. In 1755, the cabinetmaker 1280:with its two salons, and the 1214:Further modifications of the 1140:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor 1102:War of the League of Augsburg 1037:War of the League of Augsburg 700:[pɛtit‿apaʁtmɑ̃dyʁwa] 2357:. 6 pér., vol. 105: 137–146. 2227:* Nolhac, Pierre de (1937). 2218:* Nolhac, Pierre de (1930). 2209:* Nolhac, Pierre de (1929). 2200:* Nolhac, Pierre de (1926). 2132:* Lighthart, Edward (1997). 2030:Dictionnaire du Grand Siècle 1818: 1749: 1584:in 1769) and previously the 1501: 1409:Passemant Astronomical clock 885:(Verlet 1985, p. 227). 734: 707:is a suite of rooms used by 329:Cour des cerfs (cour du roi) 7: 2397:. 6 pér., vol. 113: 79–104. 2202:Versailles au XVIIIe siècle 2055:* Combes, sieur de (1681). 2037:* Bluche, François (2000). 2028:* Bluche, François (1991). 2019:* Bluche, François (1986). 1893:all gold weighing 150 marks 10: 2520: 2335:. 6 pér., vol. 29: 85–112. 2186:. Paris: Draeger et Veive. 2125:The Creation of the Rococo 1994: 1965:pièce de la vaisselle d’or 1850:Pièce de la vaisselle d'or 1735: 1668:Occupying the site of the 1578:chambre de Madame Adélaïde 1574:pièce de la vaisselle d'or 1550:pièce de la vaisselle d'or 1543:pièce de la vaisselle d’or 1530:pièce de la vaisselle d'or 1472:With the evolution of the 2375:. 6 pér., vol. 87: 49–60. 2366:. 6 pér., vol. 108: 7–22. 2263:* Verlet, Pierre (1985). 2123:* Kimball, Fiske (1943). 1918:escalier des ambassadeurs 1853: 1848: 1842: 1797: 1787: 1773: 1699:escalier des ambassadeurs 1680:petite appartement du roi 1662:escalier des ambassadeurs 1652:escalier des ambassadeurs 1609:bibliothèque de Louis XVI 1569:bibliothèque de Louis XVI 1341:escalier des ambassadeurs 1325:escalier des ambassadeurs 676: 668: 660: 652: 644: 636: 628: 620: 609: 601: 597:Pièce de la vaiselle d’or 593: 585: 577: 569: 561: 553: 545: 537: 525: 517: 501: 489: 481: 473: 463: 455: 447: 439: 431: 423: 415: 407: 399: 387: 379: 363: 351: 341: 333: 325: 321:Escalier des ambassadeurs 317: 309: 301: 293: 285: 277: 266: 258: 250: 242: 234: 218: 206: 196: 188: 184:Escalier des ambassadeurs 180: 172: 164: 156: 148: 140: 132: 124: 116: 108: 100: 92: 74: 62: 52: 30: 2265:Le château de Versailles 2032:. Paris: Arthème Fayard. 2023:. Paris: Arthème Fayard. 1922:grand appartement du roi 1863: 1744:petit appartement du roi 1688:petit appartement du roi 1541:. Under Louis XVI, the 1382:petit appartement du roi 1333:petit appartement du roi 1317:petit appartement du roi 1289:petit appartement du roi 1259:petit appartement du roi 1216:petit appartement du roi 986:, and the “Abduction of 813:petit appartement du roi 802:petit appartement du roi 791:grand appartement du roi 761:petit appartement du roi 691:petit appartement du roi 681:Grand appartement du roi 520:petit appartement du roi 510:petit appartement du roi 468:Grand appartement du roi 382:petit appartement du roi 372:petit appartement du roi 346:Grand appartement du roi 237:petit appartement du roi 227:petit appartement du roi 201:Grand appartement du roi 95:petit appartement du roi 85:petit appartement du roi 24:Petit appartement du roi 2406:. 17, n.s., 2: 146–166. 2404:Eighteenth Century Life 1665:was destroyed in 1752. 1459:Antoine-Robert Gaudreau 1388:. Of the rooms of the 1299:(1740 plan II) and the 954:(1693 plan #5) and the 518:Key to the plan of the 380:Key to the plan of the 235:Key to the plan of the 93:Key to the plan of the 2434:Gazette des Beaux-Arts 2395:Gazette des Beaux-Arts 2373:Gazette des Beaux-Arts 2364:Gazette des Beaux-Arts 2355:Gazette des Beaux-Arts 2333:Gazette des Beaux-Arts 2306:Colloque de Versailles 2240:. Paris : Perrin. 2222:. Paris: Louis Conard. 2204:. Paris: Louis Conard. 2193:Versailles immortalisé 1742:Views of rooms in the 1413:Claude-Simon Passemant 1348:petit apartment du roi 1204:antichambre des chiens 1113:petit apartment du roi 1005:The following rooms – 982:” after the marble by 967:cabinets de curiosités 815:comprised nine rooms: 785:cabinets de curiosités 605:Cabinet de la cassette 549:Antichambre des chiens 411:Antichambre des chiens 254:Antichambre des chiens 80: 39: 23: 2475:48.804861°N 2.12083°E 2109:. Paris: A. Chrétien. 1803:cabinet des médailles 1704:cabinet des médailles 1684:cabinet des médailles 1670:cabinet des médailles 1537:– formed part of the 1297:cour intérieur du roi 1282:cabinet des médailles 1228:salon du degré du roi 1123:cabinet des medailles 1118:cabinet des médailles 1029:appartement des bains 1025:marquise de Montespan 996:cabinet des coquilles 962:cabinet des médailles 951:cabinet des coquilles 906:salon du degré du roi 891:salon du degré du roi 870:Cabinet des Médailles 840:Cabinet des Coquilles 830:Salon du degré du roi 777:appartement des bains 769:Affair of the Poisons 313:Cabinet des médailles 176:Cabinet des Médailles 112:Salon du degré du roi 79: 2499:Palace of Versailles 2213:. Paris: A. Morancé. 2166:Mansart à Versailles 1906:cabinet des tableaux 1807:René-Antoine Houasse 1799:Salon de l'abondance 1672:of Louis XIV is the 1628:salle des porcelains 1521:cabinet des dépêches 1492:cabinet de la chaise 1232:cabinet aux tableaux 1165:chambre de Louis XIV 978:; the “Abduction of 918:cabinet aux tableaux 835:Cabinet aux tableaux 705:Palace of Versailles 589:Cabinet des dépêches 128:Cabinet aux tableaux 57:Palace of Versailles 2471: /  2195:. Paris: E. Ganeau. 1816: 1747: 1693:bibliothèque du roi 1624:Jean-Baptiste Oudry 1467:Jean-François Oeben 1435:salon de la pendule 1182:chambre de Louis XV 739:Beginning in 1678, 541:Salon de la pendule 403:Salon de la pendule 27: 2480:48.804861; 2.12083 2326:: 150–67, 274–300. 2136:. Doctoral thesis. 1815: 1809:(1645-1710), 1683 1781:(1655-1733) after 1740: 1484:cabinet des livres 1394:salon des pendules 1390:appartement du roi 1266:cabinet des livres 1240:salon des pendules 1220:salon des pendules 1209:cabinet des chiens 1201:of Louis XIV, the 1000:cabinet aux livres 976:Allesandro Algardi 883:cabinet des chiens 844:cabinet des livres 824:cabinet des chiens 797:appartement du roi 751:from the exterior 262:Salon des pendules 81: 21: 2449: 2448: 2284:La Revue de Paris 2059:. Paris: C. Nego. 2050:. Paris: Derache. 1961:petit appartement 1948:Jacques Verberckt 1944:cabinet intérieur 1861: 1860: 1813: 1812: 1722:salle du billiard 1646:salle du billiard 1640:pièce des buffets 1590:Rousseau brothers 1582:salon d’assemblée 1474:cabinet intérieur 1443:cabinet intérieur 1421:Philippe Caffieri 1405:Château de Choisy 1398:Jacques Verberckt 1362:pièce des buffets 1254:cabinet intérieur 1224:cabinet intérieur 1068:Annibale Carracci 992:François Girardon 878:salle du billiard 773:petit appartement 686: 685: 632:Pièce des buffets 581:Cabinet intérieur 573:Pièce des buffets 497: 496: 443:Cabinet intérieur 435:Pièce des buffets 359: 358: 281:Cabinet intérieur 214: 213: 70: 69: 2511: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2441: 2428: 2425:10.4000/crcv.132 2407: 2398: 2389: 2376: 2367: 2358: 2349: 2336: 2327: 2318: 2309: 2300: 2287: 2268: 2259: 2250: 2249:. Paris: Perrin. 2241: 2232: 2223: 2214: 2205: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2169: 2160: 2154: 2146: 2137: 2128: 2119: 2118:. Paris: Didier. 2110: 2101: 2092: 2083: 2077: 2069: 2060: 2051: 2042: 2041:. Paris: Perrin. 2033: 2024: 2015: 2000: 1989: 1978: 1972: 1957: 1951: 1940: 1934: 1931: 1925: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1886: 1880: 1873: 1855:Cabinet des jeux 1838: 1831: 1824: 1817: 1769: 1762: 1755: 1748: 1730:Marie Antoinette 1726:cabinet des jeux 1675:cabinet des jeux 1560:Pierre de Nolhac 1425:armillary sphere 1375:salon du billard 1343:(1760 plan #9). 1187:salle du billard 1148:au grand couvert 1064:Francesco Albani 820:Salle du billard 755:to the interior 702: 697: 640:Cabinet des jeux 613:Bibliothèque de 506: 499: 498: 395:; 1a garde-robe 368: 361: 360: 223: 216: 215: 72: 71: 42: 35: 28: 26: 20: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2489: 2488: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2450: 2382:Revue du Louvre 2342:Revue du Louvre 2293:Revue du Louvre 2271: 2148: 2147: 2071: 2070: 1997: 1992: 1979: 1975: 1958: 1954: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1915: 1911: 1903: 1899: 1887: 1883: 1877:grande commande 1874: 1870: 1866: 1779:Simon Thomassin 1738: 1713:salon d’Hercule 1690:or sent to the 1602:Louis XVI style 1516:arrière cabinet 1508:Madame Adélaïde 1504: 1479:arrière cabinet 1329:Madame Adélaïde 1313: 1311:Louis XV – 1760 1156: 1154:Louis XV – 1740 1106:petite gallerie 1045:Charles Le Brun 910:Nicolas Poussin 737: 729:Louis XVI style 695: 513: 451:Arrière cabinet 375: 230: 88: 48: 40:Cabinet de jeux 17: 12: 11: 5: 2517: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2454: 2453:External links 2451: 2447: 2446: 2273: 2231:. Paris: Plon. 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1990: 1982:Louis-Philippe 1973: 1952: 1935: 1926: 1909: 1897: 1881: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1852: 1847: 1840: 1839: 1832: 1825: 1811: 1810: 1796: 1793:Pierre Mignard 1786: 1783:Pierre Mignard 1775:Petite galerie 1771: 1770: 1763: 1756: 1737: 1734: 1586:petite galerie 1503: 1500: 1455:Gilles Joubert 1451:Louis XV style 1417:Louis Dauthiau 1386:Louis XV style 1337:petite galerie 1321:corps de logis 1312: 1309: 1305:cour des cerfs 1155: 1152: 1080:petite galerie 1060:petite galerie 1056:petite galerie 1049:petite galerie 1041:Pierre Mignard 1033:petite galerie 1014:petite galerie 873: 872: 867: 862: 860:Petite galerie 857: 852: 847: 837: 832: 827: 809:cour de marbre 753:cour de marbre 736: 733: 725:Louis XV style 717:Louis XVI 709:Louis XIV 684: 683: 678: 674: 673: 670: 666: 665: 662: 658: 657: 656:Cour intérieur 654: 650: 649: 648:Cour des cerfs 646: 642: 641: 638: 634: 633: 630: 626: 625: 622: 618: 617: 611: 607: 606: 603: 599: 598: 595: 591: 590: 587: 583: 582: 579: 575: 574: 571: 567: 566: 563: 559: 558: 555: 551: 550: 547: 543: 542: 539: 535: 534: 527: 523: 522: 515: 514: 507: 495: 494: 491: 487: 486: 485:Cour intérieur 483: 479: 478: 477:Cour des cerfs 475: 471: 470: 465: 461: 460: 457: 453: 452: 449: 445: 444: 441: 437: 436: 433: 429: 428: 425: 421: 420: 417: 413: 412: 409: 405: 404: 401: 397: 396: 389: 385: 384: 377: 376: 369: 357: 356: 353: 349: 348: 343: 339: 338: 337:Cour intérieur 335: 331: 330: 327: 323: 322: 319: 315: 314: 311: 307: 306: 305:Petite galerie 303: 299: 298: 295: 291: 290: 287: 283: 282: 279: 275: 274: 268: 264: 263: 260: 256: 255: 252: 248: 247: 244: 240: 239: 232: 231: 224: 212: 211: 208: 204: 203: 198: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 160:Petite galerie 158: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 90: 89: 82: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 54: 50: 49: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2516: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2487: 2484: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2325: 2319: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2224: 2221: 2215: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2188: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2170: 2167: 2161: 2158: 2152: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2120: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2102: 2099: 2093: 2090: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2025: 2022: 2016: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1956: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1930: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1894: 1891: 1885: 1878: 1872: 1868: 1857:of Louis XVI 1856: 1851: 1845: 1837: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1641: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1525: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1463:roll-top desk 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1447:bureau du roi 1444: 1441:By 1760, the 1439: 1437: 1436: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1415:, clockmaker 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1287:By 1740, the 1285: 1283: 1279: 1278:peite galerie 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1089: 1085: 1084:Shen Fu-Tsung 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 984:Gaspard Marsy 981: 977: 973: 969: 968: 963: 959: 958: 953: 952: 948:In 1692, the 946: 944: 940: 939:Giulio Romano 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 898: 893: 892: 886: 884: 880: 879: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 845: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 825: 821: 818: 817: 816: 814: 810: 805: 803: 799: 798: 793: 792: 787: 786: 780: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 713:Louis XV 710: 706: 701: 693: 692: 682: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 521: 516: 511: 505: 500: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 469: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 383: 378: 373: 367: 362: 354: 350: 347: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 238: 233: 228: 222: 217: 209: 205: 202: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 96: 91: 86: 78: 73: 65: 61: 58: 55: 51: 47: 43: 41: 34: 29: 25: 19: 2463:48°48′17.5″N 2456: 2443: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2416: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2369: 2363: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2323: 2320: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2207: 2201: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2165: 2162: 2142: 2139: 2133: 2130: 2124: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2097: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2065: 2062: 2056: 2053: 2047: 2044: 2038: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2003: 1985: 1976: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1943: 1938: 1929: 1912: 1905: 1900: 1892: 1889: 1884: 1871: 1854: 1849: 1844:Degré du roi 1843: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1774: 1743: 1741: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1667: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1627: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1606: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1505: 1496:degré du roi 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1446: 1442: 1440: 1434: 1433: 1427:– after the 1402: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1355: 1352:degré du roi 1351: 1347: 1345: 1336: 1332: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1304: 1303:was renamed 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1244: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1199:degré du roi 1198: 1195:degré du roi 1194: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1147: 1122: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1105: 1099: 1092: 1087: 1079: 1076:Parmigianino 1059: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1032: 1028: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1006: 1004: 999: 995: 971: 965: 961: 956: 955: 950: 949: 947: 917: 916: 914: 905: 901: 897:degré du roi 896: 895: 890: 889: 887: 882: 877: 876: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 843: 839: 834: 829: 823: 819: 812: 808: 806: 801: 795: 789: 783: 781: 776: 772: 760: 756: 752: 749:degré du roi 748: 738: 690: 689: 687: 557:Degré du roi 533:; garde-robe 519: 509: 508:Plan of the 419:Degré du roi 381: 371: 370:Plan of the 246:Degré du roi 236: 226: 225:Plan of the 120:Degré du roi 94: 84: 37: 18: 2478: / 1986:cave du roi 1708:antichambre 1657:cave du roi 1488:salon ovale 1301:cour du roi 1293:cour du roi 1270:salon ovale 1245:salon ovale 1191:cour du roi 1132:Childeric I 1128:Merovingian 972:salon ovale 957:salon ovale 923:Pinacotheca 902:cour du roi 850:Salon ovale 757:cour du roi 664:Cave du roi 529:Chambre de 391:Chambre de 289:Salon ovale 270:chambre de 192:Cour du roi 144:Salon ovale 2493:Categories 2440:: 137–148. 2388:: 175–183. 2348:: 213–219. 2317:: 124–134. 2299:: 189–196. 2286:: 841–869. 2211:Versailles 2184:Versailles 1429:Copernican 1072:Guido Reni 988:Persephone 745:Louis XIII 721:Louis XIII 2247:Louis XVI 2238:Louis XIV 2151:cite book 2074:cite book 2021:Louis XIV 1512:Louis XVI 1502:Louis XVI 1274:Louis XIV 1134:found in 1094:Mona Lisa 935:Giorgione 927:Correggio 741:Louis XIV 735:Louis XIV 703:) of the 615:Louis XVI 46:Louis XVI 2466:2°7′15″E 2277:Journals 2039:Louis XV 1724:and the 1486:and the 1230:and the 1222:and the 1160:Louis XV 980:Orithyia 794:and the 531:Louis XV 512:ca. 1789 393:Louis XV 374:ca. 1760 272:Louis XV 229:ca. 1740 87:ca. 1693 53:Building 1995:Sources 1942:In the 1736:Gallery 1611:is the 1552:is the 1176:coucher 1136:Tournai 1054:In the 931:Raphael 904:. The 842:(later 696:French: 63:Country 2444: 1984:, the 1969:Mozart 1632:Sèvres 1392:, the 1276:, the 1130:king, 1017:, and 943:Titian 811:, the 715:, and 66:France 2504:Rooms 2419:(2). 2005:Books 1864:Notes 1598:Opéra 1171:lever 990:” by 526:1; 1a 388:1; 1a 2157:link 2080:link 1916:The 1637:The 1566:The 1527:The 1264:The 1251:The 1237:The 1174:and 1074:and 941:and 915:The 888:The 875:The 727:and 688:The 83:The 2438:120 2421:doi 1643:or 1465:by 1272:of 1144:nef 677:A-F 669:a-f 661:III 490:a-h 464:A-F 352:a-h 342:A-F 207:a-d 197:A-F 44:of 2495:: 2436:. 2415:. 2386:#3 2384:. 2346:#3 2344:. 2297:#3 2295:. 2153:}} 2149:{{ 2076:}} 2072:{{ 1805:, 1720:, 1604:. 1510:, 1268:, 1150:. 1070:, 1066:, 1043:, 1011:, 937:, 933:, 929:, 711:, 653:II 637:14 629:13 621:12 610:11 602:10 482:II 334:II 318:10 189:12 181:11 173:10 2427:. 2423:: 2308:. 2159:) 2082:) 1879:. 846:) 826:) 822:( 694:( 645:I 594:9 586:8 578:7 570:6 562:5 554:4 546:3 538:2 474:I 456:9 448:8 440:7 432:6 424:5 416:4 408:3 400:2 326:I 310:9 302:8 294:7 286:6 278:5 267:4 259:3 251:2 243:1 165:9 157:8 149:7 141:6 133:5 125:4 117:3 109:2 101:1

Index


Louis XVI
Palace of Versailles

Grand appartement du roi

Louis XV
Grand appartement du roi

Louis XV
Grand appartement du roi

Louis XV
Louis XVI
Grand appartement du roi
[pɛtit‿apaʁtmɑ̃dyʁwa]
Palace of Versailles
Louis XIV
Louis XV
Louis XVI
Louis XIII
Louis XV style
Louis XVI style
Louis XIV
Louis XIII
Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan
Affair of the Poisons
cabinets de curiosités
grand appartement du roi
appartement du roi

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.