19:
6349:
6361:
3561:
this last sub-period post-dating the containing period's end-date), Classic (250–900, but 'divided into two temporal sub-periods' ie Early and Late , though 'ridging the
Classic and the Postclassic periods is a span of time known to Mayanists as the Terminal Classic' ie 800–1000), and Postclassic (900–1521, with Early and Late sub-periods) (
3547:
this last sub-period post-dating the containing period's end-date), Classic (250–900, but 'divided into two temporal sub-periods' ie Early and Late , though 'ridging the
Classic and the Postclassic periods is a span of time known to Mayanists as the Terminal Classic' ie 800–1000), and Postclassic (900–1521, with Early and Late sub-periods) (
1168:
each period (ie events separating one period from another). As a result, though the aforementioned sequence is well-established, and despite each period's characterisation being broadly agreed upon, various discordant upper and lower bounds have been employed for each period in scholarly literature,
4486:
Kennett, Douglas J.; Prufer, Keith M.; Culleton, Brendan J.; George, Richard J.; Robinson, Mark; Trask, Willa R.; Buckley, Gina M.; Moes, Emily; Kate, Emily J.; Harper, Thomas K.; O'Donnell, Lexi; Ray, Erin E.; Hill, Ethan C.; Alsgaard, Asia; Merriman, Christopher; Meredith, Clayton; Edgar, Heather
78:
The
Columbian era of Belizean history is most often divided into four periods, ie the Spanish, Precolonial, Colonial, and Sovereign, all preceded by a portion of the pre-Columbian Postclassic period extending past 1492. These are most often defined or characterised in terms of distinguishing events
3560:
Periods given as
Palaeoindian (12000 BC – 7000 BC in section title, but later the period's end is dated to 8000 BC in text), Archaic (7000 BC – 2000 BC), Preclassic (2000 BC – 250 AD, but containing only three sub-periods ie Early , Middle , Late , with
3546:
Periods given as
Palaeoindian (12000 BC – 7000 BC in section title, but later the period's end is dated to 8000 BC in text), Archaic (7000 BC – 2000 BC), Preclassic (2000 BC – 250 AD, but containing only three sub-periods ie Early , Middle , Late , with
3285:
Though
Classic dated 250–900, but 'divided into two temporal sub-periods' ie Early (250–600) and Late (600–900), except that 'ridging the Classic and the Postclassic periods is a span of time known to Mayanists as the Terminal Classic' ie 800–1000, and Postclassic dated 900–1521, with Early
3480:
Expands Early
Classic into 'Early Classic' dated 250–450, and 'Late Classic' dated 450–600, and further expands Late Postclassic into 'Middle Postclassic' dated 1200–1350 or 1250–1350, 'Late Postclassic' dated 1350–1450 or 1350–1492, and 'Terminal Postclassic' dated 1450–1544 or 1492–1544
3466:
Expands Early
Classic into 'Early Classic' dated 250–450, and 'Late Classic' dated 450–600, and further expands Late Postclassic into 'Middle Postclassic' dated 1200–1350 or 1250–1350, 'Late Postclassic' dated 1350–1450 or 1350–1492, and 'Terminal Postclassic' dated 1450–1544 or 1492–1544
3536:
Preclassic expanded to six sub-periods ie
Initial (2000 BC – 1200 BC), Early (1200 BC – 900 BC), Middle (900 BC – 600 BC), Middle-to-Late (ca. 600 BC – 300 BC), Late (300 BC – 1 AD), Terminal (1–250), and Classic-cum-Postclassic sub-periods given as Early (250–600), Late (600–900),
1169:
resulting in temporal overlaps and gaps between chronologies. Additionally, the events or trends used to characterise these periods are now known to have occurred at different times in different geographic regions, sub-regions, and settlements, rather than all-at-once across the
87:
each period. Generally, there has been less attention paid to the periodisation of the
Columbian era of Belizean history, as opposed to its pre-Columbian era, resulting in broad concordance between the upper and lower bounds employed for each period in scholarly literature.
1173:
or Mesoamerica. This further adds to the discordance between chronologies employed in scholarly literature, as increasingly localised upper and lower bounds for sub-regional geographic entities are used (in preference to fixed or standardised regional start and end dates).
1159:
Pre-Columbian Belizean, Maya, and Mesoamerican history is most often divided into five periods, ie the Palaeoindian, Archaic, Preclassic, Classic, and Postclassic. These are most often defined or characterised in terms of distinguishing events or trends occurring
4341:
4306:
184:
the passage of the Belize Act in UK Parliament, the Constitution Act in the Belizean Parliament, or the date on which said acts came into force, known as the day on which Belize gained sovereignty or independence from the UK, ie
3354:'Thus, we should always think of chronological boundaries not as fixed dates but as approximations of transitions that actually extended over many decades or even centuries (and varied from region to region)' (
1270:
the Classic culmination or florescence of Maya civilisation, ie 'as a decline from the Classic peak of civilisation, a time marked by decadence rather than era of continued development.'
5660:
3418:
Column colours match those in graphic timeline above. Headers used – Pa Palaeoindian / Ar Archaic / E Early / M Middle / L Late / T Terminal / Po Postclassic.
3341:
Postclassic dated to 1530, but Spanish Period dated 1544 – 1700, and further split into two unnamed sub-periods dated 1544–1641 and 1641–1700, respectively (
65:. The Columbian era is most often periodised by historians, and less often by Mayanists, who often employ at least four periods to discuss history up to the present time.
1254:
which the social, economic, political, artistic, and intellectual development of societies or states across the relevant geographic region first peaked or culminated.
4594:
3328:
in the mid-17th century,' and further 'n 1798 the British overcame Spain’s final attempt to remove them by force, and Belize became a colony in all but name' (
3307:
in the mid-17th century,' and further 'n 1798 the British overcame Spain’s final attempt to remove them by force, and Belize became a colony in all but name' (
1242:
the Classic culmination or florescence of Maya civilisation, ie 'as a precursor to civilisation, but without the attributes of civilisation in its own right.'
5074:
1238:
which socioeconomically complex societies or states first appeared across the relevant geographic region. It was prior thought of as the period which
5653:
3324:, a Scottish buccaneer may have begun a settlement at the mouth of the Belize River about 1638,' but later 'British buccaneers and logwood cutters
3303:, a Scottish buccaneer may have begun a settlement at the mouth of the Belize River about 1638,' but later 'British buccaneers and logwood cutters
4712:
3186:, p. 342, tab. 1 item no. 29, Long Count date 10.4.1.0.0 converted to Gregorian date using GMT correlation with 584283 constant, as per the
1266:
which societies or states across the relevant geographic region underwent transformation or revival. It was prior thought of as the period which
6121:
83:
each period, ie events separating one period from another, and less often in terms of distinguishing events, trends, or milestones occurring
5646:
4230:"Gathering and Sowing Across the Central Maya Lowlands: A Review of Plant Use by Preceramic Peoples to the Early to Middle Preclassic Maya"
5908:
5878:
5783:
5186:
6402:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3409:, p. 342, tab. 1 item no. 29, Long Count date 10.4.1.0.0 converted to Gregorian date using GMT correlation with 584283 constant.
3646:
5941:
5903:
5125:
4769:'Under the shade I flourish' : an environmental history of northern Belize over the last three thousand five hundred years
5833:
5583:
156:
the date on which the British settlement in the Bay of Honduras was granted a colonial charter, ie 12 February 1862
6387:
5883:
5455:
5196:
6136:
5371:
6365:
4270:. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication. Vol. 582. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
2023:
Upper and lower bounds of Columbian periods of Belizean, Maya, or Mesoamerican history as per 21st century literature.
4584:
From Lamanai to Ka'kabish : human and environment interaction, settlement change, and urbanism in northern Belize
5723:
5376:
5258:
5171:
4956:
4613:
4547:
4412:
4179:
4098:
4059:
6059:
5773:
5218:
4123:
Awe, Jaime J.; Ebert, Claire E.; Stemp, W. James; Brown, M. Kathryn; Sullivan, Lauren A.; Garber, James F. (2021).
4085:. The Cambridge history of the native peoples of the Americas. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4046:. The Cambridge history of the native peoples of the Americas. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
42:
5334:
214:
Defined upper and lower bounds of Columbian periods of Belizean history as per 20th and 21st century literature.
62:
6126:
6049:
5788:
5683:
5430:
5176:
4439:
5873:
5838:
5613:
5138:
4126:"Lowland Maya Genesis: The Late Archaic to Late Early Formative Transition in the Upper Belize River Valley"
6131:
5793:
5563:
5440:
5253:
5934:
5407:
5324:
5159:
5118:
4110:
1229:
1183:
935:
Upper and lower bounds of Columbian periods of Belizean history as per 20th and 21st century literature.
5469:
5366:
5351:
5329:
5289:
4339:
Ebert, Claire E.; Prufer, Keith M.; Macri, Martha J.; Winterhalder, Bruce; Kennett, Douglas J. (2015).
3325:
3304:
50:
4976:
4733:
4229:
4125:
4079:
4040:
5893:
5568:
5538:
5248:
4689:
4660:
4631:
3321:
3300:
6397:
5888:
5669:
5346:
5304:
5263:
5164:
1208:
is, furthermore, commonly dated to modern humans' first arrival in the relevant geographic region.
116:
the beginning or end of the Tipu rebellion, 6 June 1638 – 31 December 1643
5021:
5010:
4459:
4160:
3272:
Spanish Period dated 1544–1648 or 1544–1708, while Precolonial dated 1660s – 1862 (
3259:
Spanish Period dated 1544–1648 or 1544–1708, while Precolonial dated 1660s – 1862 (
6242:
5898:
5299:
4694:
4665:
4636:
3149:
6392:
6353:
5927:
5868:
5778:
5728:
5688:
5543:
5500:
5485:
5412:
5309:
5228:
5111:
5033:"Before the Maya: A Review of Paleoindian and Archaic Human Skeletons Found in the Maya Region"
4853:
Stemp, W. James; Awe, Jaime J.; Marcus, Joyce; Helmke, Christophe; Sullivan, Lauren A. (2021).
46:
4605:
1993:
Bottom rows display standardised or traditional upper and lower bounds periods and sub-periods
913:
Bottom rows display standardised or traditional upper and lower bounds periods and sub-periods
18:
6283:
6211:
6006:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5708:
5339:
4702:
4673:
4644:
5843:
5026:(PhD). Mérida, Yuc.: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.
4401:
4263:
6186:
6054:
5848:
5763:
5738:
5495:
5356:
5154:
5015:(MA). Mérida, Yuc.: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.
4901:
4790:
4734:"Opinions on the Lowland Maya Late Archaic Period with Some Evidence from Northern Belize"
4292:
8:
6191:
5813:
5748:
5718:
5693:
5505:
5490:
5450:
5319:
5314:
5206:
4162:
3,000 Years of War and Peace in the Maya Lowlands : Identity, Politics, and Violence
201:
The Sovereign ie Independent period is most often characterised as the time span running
4905:
4794:
1220:
which non-nomadic farming settlements first appeared in the relevant geographic region.
6278:
6206:
6196:
6164:
6033:
5828:
5823:
5753:
5733:
5515:
5361:
5277:
5054:
4997:
4962:
4922:
4889:
4876:
4816:
4754:
4569:
4513:
4488:
4362:
4327:
4250:
4185:
4146:
4065:
3453:
No Terminal Preclassic Period, or said period subsumed into Middle or Late Preclassic (
1991:
Top rows display maximal and minimal upper and lower bounds of periods and sub-periods
911:
Top rows display maximal and minimal upper and lower bounds of periods and sub-periods
6334:
6247:
5768:
5758:
5703:
5698:
5606:
5530:
5445:
5395:
5243:
5223:
5146:
5058:
5001:
4966:
4952:
4927:
4880:
4841:
4808:
4758:
4719:
4609:
4573:
4561:
4553:
4543:
4518:
4474:
4445:
4435:
4418:
4408:
4387:
4366:
4331:
4279:
4254:
4215:
4189:
4175:
4150:
4094:
4069:
4055:
1290:
Defining upper and lower bounds of pre-Columbian periods in 21st century literature.
164:, or the date on which these letters patent were proclaimed, ie 12 May 1862
54:
38:
4820:
4275:
6216:
6181:
6011:
5818:
5743:
5548:
5520:
5425:
5181:
5044:
4989:
4974:
Valdez Jr., Fred; Sullivan, Lauren A.; Buttles, Palma J.; Aebersold, Luisa (2021).
4944:
4917:
4909:
4866:
4837:
4833:
4798:
4746:
4601:
4535:
4508:
4500:
4466:
4379:
4354:
4319:
4271:
4242:
4167:
4138:
4086:
4047:
3634:
3523:
date for the end of a "preceramic" Late Archaic may be too recent for some sites' (
3502:
date for the end of a "preceramic" Late Archaic may be too recent for some sites' (
3375:, tab. in supp. 1, individual AMS Lab ID PSUAMS-4290. Cunil ie Cahal Pech event in
4855:"The Preceramic and Early Ceramic Periods in Belize and the Central Maya Lowlands"
4767:
4582:
4342:"Terminal Long Count Dates and the Disintegration of Classic Period Maya Polities"
4264:
1273:
Though the entire Palaeoindian-to-Postclassic time span is often characterised as
6304:
6226:
6159:
5713:
5622:
5573:
5558:
5435:
5381:
5238:
5233:
5191:
4977:"The Origins and Identification of the Early Maya from Colha and Northern Belize"
4307:"Preclassic ceramic economy in Belize: neutron activation analysis at Cahal Pech"
3936:
6268:
5578:
6314:
6221:
5969:
5553:
3819:
1234:
The Preclassic ie Formative period is most often characterised as the timespan
1200:
The Palaeoindian ie Lithic period is most often characterised as the time span
5049:
5032:
4993:
4871:
4854:
4750:
4565:
4358:
4246:
4142:
4090:
4051:
6381:
6299:
6201:
5964:
5950:
5627:
5417:
5089:
5076:
4723:
4422:
4383:
4214:. Archives of British Honduras. Vol. 3. London: Sifton, Praed & Co.
3440:'Middle Postclassic' dated 1200–1430, with Late Postclassic dated 1430–1521 (
34:
4845:
4803:
4778:
4478:
4449:
3187:
152:
The Precolonial period is most often characterised as the time span running
6100:
5638:
4931:
4913:
4888:
Stuart, David; Hurst, Heather; Beltran, Boris; Saturno, William A. (2022).
4812:
4522:
4504:
4391:
4283:
4219:
4948:
4539:
4470:
4198:
4171:
6252:
6176:
6171:
6085:
6016:
4323:
1170:
180:
The Colonial period is most often characterised as the time span running
4683:
4654:
4625:
4432:
Maya resistance to Spanish rule: time and history on a colonial frontier
61:, who often employ four or five periods to discuss history prior to the
6273:
6105:
6090:
5990:
5985:
3924:
3912:
3537:
Epiclassic-and-Early (750–1200), Middle (1200-1400), Late (1400–1521) .
4004:
4002:
3809:
3807:
3794:
3792:
6309:
6095:
6075:
5510:
4489:"Early isotopic evidence for maize as a staple grain in the Americas"
3777:
58:
4530:
Lohse, Jon C.; Borejsza, Aleksander; Joyce, Arthur A., eds. (2021).
3753:
1192:
the first appearance of ceramics in the relevant geographic region.
6080:
5294:
3999:
3863:
3861:
3846:
3804:
3789:
3622:
1987:
Upper and lower bounds of Pre-Columbian periods of Belizean history
1188:
The Preceramic period is most often characterised as the time span
5103:
4973:
4557:
3989:
3987:
3836:
3834:
5031:
Wrobel, Gabriel D.; Hoggarth, Julie A.; Marshall, Aubree (2021).
3332:, secs. entitled 'Introduction & Quick Facts' and 'History').
3311:, secs. entitled 'Introduction & Quick Facts' and 'History').
5919:
4014:
3858:
3765:
3726:
3714:
3660:, secs. entitled 'Introduction & Quick Facts' and 'History'.
1250:
The Classic period is most often characterised as the time span
1216:
The Archaic period is most often characterised as the time span
112:
The Spanish period is most often characterised as the time span
6021:
5134:
3984:
3831:
3743:
3741:
907:
Upper and lower bounds of Columbian periods of Belizean history
4403:
Maya Christians and Their Churches in Sixteenth-Century Belize
3878:
3876:
3680:
3678:
3427:
End dated 'to the Spanish Conquest in the sixteenth century' (
4832:(6th ed.). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
3888:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
1262:
The Postclassic is most often characterised as the time span
4338:
3738:
3702:
3690:
3515:
Archaic Period dated to 900 BC, but Preclassic Period dated
3494:
Archaic Period dated to 900 BC, but Preclassic Period dated
3406:
3371:, p. 478, tab. 1. Toledoan ie Mayahak Cab Pek event in
3183:
6026:
4890:"An early Maya calendar record from San Bartolo, Guatemala"
4777:
Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltran, Boris (2006).
4485:
4304:
Ebert, Claire E.; Pierce, Daniel E.; Awe, Jaime J. (2019).
3873:
3675:
3372:
3603:
4887:
4434:. Albuquerque, New Mex.: University of New Mexico Press.
3663:
3591:
3393:
4680:
4651:
4077:
Adams, Richard E. W.; Macleod, Murdo J., eds. (2000b).
4038:
Adams, Richard E. W.; Macleod, Murdo J., eds. (2000a).
3900:
3219:, pp. 407–408 (dated in or prior to 'early 1708').
5030:
3368:
4941:
The Routledge Handbook of Mesoamerican Bioarchaeology
4622:
3250:
Column colours match those in graphic timeline above.
5012:
BACALAR EN EL SIGLO XVII: colonización y resistencia
4852:
4776:
4378:. Princeton, New Jers.: Princeton University Press.
3942:
3930:
3524:
3503:
3389:
4266:
The conquest and colonization of Yucatan, 1517–1550
3579:
132:
in 1 January – 31 December 1708
4975:
4732:
4711:
4682:
4653:
4624:
4593:
4529:
4458:
4407:. Gainesville, Flo.: University Press of Florida.
4400:
4340:
4305:
4228:
4159:
4124:
4122:
4109:
4078:
4039:
3918:
3454:
4828:Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P., eds. (2006).
4487:J. H.; Awe, Jaime J.; Gutierrez, Said M. (2020).
3194:, p. 234 (dated 'sometime during 1544') and
3173:Gregorian dates provided, unless otherwise noted.
1421:Inscription of Mayan hieroglyphs in Las Pinturas
6379:
4299:. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency.
3972:
3960:
3948:
4596:The Oxford handbook of Mesoamerican archaeology
4465:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
4779:"Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala"
4303:
3376:
5935:
5654:
5119:
5019:
5008:
4827:
4076:
4037:
3825:
3813:
3798:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3696:
3684:
3428:
3355:
3286:(900–1250) and Late (1250–1521) sub-periods (
3208:
1204:which humans first peopled the Americas. Its
5668:
4261:
3191:
555:passage of Belize and Constitution Acts or
5942:
5928:
5661:
5647:
5126:
5112:
4196:
3657:
3329:
3308:
3198:, p. 43 (dated 'at the end of 1544').
1277:, the Postclassic is most often end dated
1164:each period, rather than events occurring
610:Enactment of Belize and Constitution Acts
5048:
4921:
4870:
4802:
4730:
4512:
4709:
4580:
4157:
4008:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3867:
3852:
3840:
3628:
3562:
3548:
3441:
3287:
3160:
582:Passage of Belize and Constitution Acts
49:into named blocks of time, spanning the
17:
5187:Belizean–Guatemalan territorial dispute
5009:Vazquez Barke, Gabriela (August 2012).
4938:
4765:
4606:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195390933.001.0001
4591:
4373:
4226:
4020:
3993:
3669:
3342:
3155:
1346:earliest use or production of ceramics
6380:
4398:
4209:
3616:
3597:
3585:
3482:
3468:
3388:Las Pinturas ie San Bartolo event in
3273:
3260:
3229:
31:periodisation of the history of Belize
5923:
5642:
5107:
4456:
4429:
3379:, supp. p. 6, item Lab # Beta-253771.
3216:
3195:
3150:Periodisation of Mesoamerican history
2045:
2030:
2027:
6360:
4900:(15): 1–12 of article no. eabl9290.
4703:participating institution membership
4674:participating institution membership
4645:participating institution membership
4499:(23): 1–11 of article no. eaba3245.
3978:
3966:
3954:
3369:Wrobel, Hoggarth & Marshall 2021
1380:Production of unnamed Cunil ceramic
266:latest Mayan monumental inscription
5133:
4600:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4376:The Southeast Frontier of New Spain
4290:
4262:Chamberlain, Robert Stoner (1948).
4158:Braswell, Geoffrey E., ed. (2022).
3640:
13:
5182:British Honduras (1862–1981)
4710:Pearsall, Deborah M., ed. (2008).
4205:. London: Encyclopædia Britannica.
4107:
3828:, pp. 205–206, 210, 213, 220.
3572:
3390:Saturno, Stuart & Beltran 2006
1342:earliest arrival of modern humans
99:
14:
6414:
6403:Periods and stages in archaeology
5949:
5067:
4766:Rushton, Elizabeth A. C. (2014).
4592:Nichols, Deborah L., ed. (2012).
4587:(PhD). University College London.
4461:Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom
3326:settled on the inhospitable coast
3305:settled on the inhospitable coast
6359:
6348:
6347:
6060:Timeline of European exploration
5784:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5020:Vazquez Barke, Gabriela (2016).
4772:(PhD). University of Nottingham.
4210:Burdon, John Alder, ed. (1935).
1412:earliest monumental inscription
1257:
1149:
483:granting of colonial charter or
4718:. San Diego, Calif.: Elsevier.
3643:, sec. entitled 'Introduction'.
3554:
3540:
3530:
3509:
3488:
3474:
3460:
3447:
3434:
3421:
3412:
3399:
3382:
3361:
3348:
3335:
3314:
3293:
3279:
3266:
3253:
1509:completion of Spanish conquest
1195:
274:completion of Spanish conquest
6127:Periodization of ancient Egypt
6050:List of archaeological periods
5431:Environmental issues in Belize
3244:
3235:
3222:
3201:
3176:
3167:
1476:Dedication of Itzimte Stela 6
1453:latest monumental inscription
297:Dedication of Itzimte Stela 6
147:
91:
1:
4731:Rosenswig, Robert M. (2021).
4030:
3945:, pp. 417–419, 422, 424.
1223:
1177:
5909:United States Virgin Islands
3565:, pp. 3, 22–24, 28–36).
3551:, pp. 3, 22–24, 28–36).
3377:Ebert, Pierce & Awe 2019
3290:, pp. 3, 22–24, 28–33).
3276:, pp. 2, 48, fig. 0.1).
3263:, pp. 2, 49, fig. 0.1).
1989:
1154:
909:
196:
68:
57:is most often periodised by
7:
6388:History of Belize by period
5177:Battle of St. George's Caye
4939:Tiesler, Vera, ed. (2022).
4714:Encyclopedia of Archaeology
4023:, pp. 18–19, tab. 1.1.
4011:, pp. 3, 22–24, 28–36.
3855:, pp. 89, 91, 93, 101.
3631:, pp. 3, 22–24, 33–36.
3143:
1230:Preclassic Period in Belize
1184:Preceramic Period in Belize
600:21 September 1981
590:21 September 1981
185:21 September 1981
175:
97:
10:
6419:
6253:The Sixties (20th century)
5456:Water resources management
4399:Graham, Elizabeth (2011).
4227:Cagnato, Clarissa (2021).
2017:
1565:
1369:Death of unnamed Toledoan
1284:
1245:
1227:
1211:
1181:
929:
500:12 February 1862
490:12 February 1862
428:31 December 1652
340:31 December 1544
107:
73:
6343:
6327:
6292:
6261:
6235:
6152:
6145:
6122:Indus Valley civilisation
6114:
6068:
6042:
5999:
5978:
5957:
5884:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5802:
5676:
5600:
5529:
5481:
5477:
5468:
5403:
5394:
5285:
5276:
5214:
5205:
5145:
5050:10.1017/S0956536121000250
5023:Los poderes y los hombres
4994:10.1017/S0956536121000468
4872:10.1017/S0956536121000444
4751:10.1017/S0956536121000018
4690:Oxford English Dictionary
4661:Oxford English Dictionary
4632:Oxford English Dictionary
4359:10.1017/S0956536114000248
4247:10.1017/S0956536121000225
4143:10.1017/S0956536121000420
4111:"Columbus' Fourth Voyage"
4091:10.1017/CHOL9780521652049
4052:10.1017/CHOL9780521351652
3826:Adams & Macleod 2000a
3814:Adams & Macleod 2000a
3799:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3784:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3772:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3760:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3748:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3733:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3721:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3709:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3697:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3685:Sharer & Traxler 2006
3429:Adams & Macleod 2000a
3356:Sharer & Traxler 2006
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
1948:
1923:← Palaeoindian settlement
1534:
1522:21 October 1492
1512:21 October 1492
1505:earliest Spanish contact
1501:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1357:
1338:
1326:
1323:
1320:
838:
584:
551:
548:
545:
542:
512:
479:
476:
473:
470:
412:
372:
360:
357:
354:
315:21 October 1492
305:21 October 1492
299:
270:earliest Spanish contact
262:
250:
247:
244:
53:to the present time. The
5904:Turks and Caicos Islands
5670:History of North America
4457:Jones, Grant D. (1998).
4430:Jones, Grant D. (1989).
4276:2027/txu.059173008409431
3996:, pp. 116, 118–126.
3870:, pp. 211–212, 221.
3786:, pp. 98, 153, 156.
1466:13 January 910
1456:13 January 910
645:
443:1 January 1708
330:1 January 1544
287:13 January 910
277:13 January 910
208:
128:, or to the latest Tipu
51:arrival of Palaeoindians
6243:Long eighteenth century
4838:2027/mdp.39015062626216
4804:10.1126/science.1121745
4695:Oxford University Press
4666:Oxford University Press
4637:Oxford University Press
4581:McLellan, Alec (2020).
4374:Gerhard, Peter (1979).
4118:. London: Adam Matthew.
3843:, pp. 6, 8, 11–12.
3816:, p. 48, fig. 2.1.
3801:, p. 98, tab. 2.2.
3762:, pp. 98, 155–156.
3485:, p. 2, fig. 0.1).
3471:, p. 2, fig. 0.1).
3457:, p. 524, fig. 2).
3188:online FAMSI calculator
1549:31 March 1544
438:Abandonment of Bacalar
380:abandonment of Bacalar
5834:British Virgin Islands
4914:10.1126/sciadv.abl9290
4532:Preceramic Mesoamerica
4505:10.1126/sciadv.aba3245
3921:, p. 524, fig. 2.
3897:, p. 154, tab. 1.
3619:, p. 2, fig. 0.1.
1539:1 March 1544
453:30 June 1708
26:
6284:Interregnum (England)
6212:Industrial Revolution
6007:Six Ages of the World
5774:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4949:10.4324/9780429341618
4943:. London: Routledge.
4540:10.4324/9780429054679
4534:. London: Routledge.
4172:10.4324/9781351268004
4166:. London: Routledge.
3519:1200 BC, as 'the 900
3498:1200 BC, as 'the 900
3161:Explanatory footnotes
572:7 June 1981
562:6 June 1981
528:12 May 1862
518:12 May 1862
418:30 May 1652
410:Start of Tipu revolt
400:7 June 1638
390:6 June 1638
376:start of Tipu revolt
21:
6187:Age of Enlightenment
6055:List of time periods
4324:10.15184/aqy.2019.93
3600:, pp. 246, 248.
3527:, pp. 417–419).
3506:, pp. 417–419).
3232:, pp. 246, 248.
3211:, pp. 114–115.
3156:Notes and references
1559:Founding of Bacalar
1532:Arrival of Columbus
350:Founding of Bacalar
325:Arrival of Columbus
100:§ Pre-Columbian
63:arrival of Spaniards
47:Mesoamerican history
24:/ 2013 map by UNOCHA
6192:Early modern period
5789:Trinidad and Tobago
5684:Antigua and Barbuda
5086: /
5037:Ancient Mesoamerica
4982:Ancient Mesoamerica
4906:2022SciA....8L9290S
4859:Ancient Mesoamerica
4795:2006Sci...311.1281S
4789:(5765): 1281–1283.
4739:Ancient Mesoamerica
4693:(Online ed.).
4664:(Online ed.).
4635:(Online ed.).
4347:Ancient Mesoamerica
4235:Ancient Mesoamerica
4197:Britannica (2022).
4131:Ancient Mesoamerica
4081:Mesoamerica, Part 2
4042:Mesoamerica, Part 1
3933:, pp. 417–419.
3885:, pp. 163–164.
3774:, pp. 98, 156.
3735:, pp. 98, 155.
3723:, pp. 98, 154.
3373:Kennett et al. 2020
3367:Naharon I event in
3345:, pp. 18, 44).
3190:. Bacalar event in
2024:
1355:Death of Naharon I
1291:
936:
538:Charter proclaimed
215:
6279:The General Crisis
6207:Age of Imperialism
6197:Late modern period
6165:Hellenistic period
6137:pre-Columbian Peru
6034:The General Crisis
5724:Dominican Republic
5441:Telecommunications
4318:(371): 1266–1283.
4116:Age of Exploration
3672:, pp. 18, 44.
3394:Stuart et al. 2022
3228:Charter events in
3209:Vazquez Barke 2012
2022:
1943:Spanish conquest →
1289:
934:
213:
27:
6375:
6374:
6335:List of timelines
6323:
6322:
6248:Long 19th century
5917:
5916:
5806:other territories
5636:
5635:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5464:
5463:
5390:
5389:
5372:Political parties
5367:National Assembly
5325:Foreign relations
5272:
5271:
5197:Belize since 1981
4701:(Subscription or
4672:(Subscription or
4643:(Subscription or
4384:2027/uc1.b4906135
3943:Stemp et al. 2021
3931:Stemp et al. 2021
3525:Stemp et al. 2021
3504:Stemp et al. 2021
3407:Ebert et al. 2015
3405:Itzimte event in
3207:Bacalar event in
3184:Ebert et al. 2015
3182:Itzimte event in
3141:
3140:
2008:
1997:Pa = Palaeoindian
1563:
1562:
1147:
1146:
920:
643:
642:
487:its proclamation
55:pre-Columbian era
6410:
6363:
6362:
6351:
6350:
6293:Arts and culture
6217:Postcolonial Age
6182:Age of Discovery
6150:
6149:
6043:Lists of periods
6012:Three-age system
5944:
5937:
5930:
5921:
5920:
5874:Saint Barthélemy
5804:Dependencies and
5677:Sovereign states
5663:
5656:
5649:
5640:
5639:
5616:
5609:
5521:Social structure
5479:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5421:
5401:
5400:
5352:Local government
5330:Governor-General
5290:Attorney General
5283:
5282:
5212:
5211:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5062:
5052:
5027:
5016:
5005:
4979:
4970:
4935:
4925:
4894:Science Advances
4884:
4874:
4849:
4830:The Ancient Maya
4824:
4806:
4773:
4762:
4736:
4727:
4717:
4706:
4698:
4686:
4677:
4669:
4657:
4648:
4640:
4628:
4619:
4599:
4588:
4577:
4526:
4516:
4493:Science Advances
4482:
4464:
4453:
4426:
4406:
4395:
4370:
4344:
4335:
4309:
4300:
4287:
4269:
4258:
4232:
4223:
4206:
4193:
4165:
4154:
4128:
4119:
4113:
4104:
4084:
4073:
4045:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
3997:
3991:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3871:
3865:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3802:
3796:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3566:
3558:
3552:
3544:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3492:
3486:
3478:
3472:
3464:
3458:
3451:
3445:
3438:
3432:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3410:
3403:
3397:
3386:
3380:
3365:
3359:
3352:
3346:
3339:
3333:
3318:
3312:
3297:
3291:
3283:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3233:
3226:
3220:
3205:
3199:
3192:Chamberlain 1948
3180:
3174:
3171:
2025:
2021:
1999:Po = Postclassic
1990:
1944:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1544:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1517:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1292:
1288:
937:
933:
917:Po = Postclassic
910:
834:
829:
822:
819:
812:
809:
802:
799:
607:
605:
597:
595:
579:
577:
569:
567:
559:their enactment
535:
533:
525:
523:
510:Charter granted
507:
505:
497:
495:
460:
458:
450:
448:
435:
433:
425:
423:
407:
405:
397:
395:
347:
345:
337:
335:
322:
320:
312:
310:
294:
292:
284:
282:
216:
212:
192:
190:
171:
169:
163:
161:
143:
141:
137:
127:
125:
121:
103:
25:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6398:Historical eras
6378:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6339:
6319:
6305:Beat Generation
6288:
6257:
6231:
6227:Information Age
6160:Ancient history
6141:
6110:
6069:Historical ages
6064:
6038:
5995:
5974:
5953:
5948:
5918:
5913:
5807:
5805:
5798:
5672:
5667:
5637:
5632:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5588:
5569:Public holidays
5525:
5460:
5419:
5386:
5347:Law enforcement
5268:
5259:Protected areas
5201:
5192:Belize Act 1981
5172:1506–1862
5141:
5132:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5065:
4959:
4700:
4684:"Palaeo-Indian"
4671:
4642:
4616:
4550:
4442:
4415:
4182:
4101:
4062:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4007:
4000:
3992:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3925:
3919:Awe et al. 2021
3917:
3913:
3909:, pp. 210.
3905:
3901:
3893:
3889:
3881:
3874:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3839:
3832:
3824:
3820:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3790:
3782:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3758:
3754:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3683:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3658:Britannica 2022
3656:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3615:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3573:Short citations
3570:
3569:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3531:
3520:
3514:
3510:
3499:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3461:
3455:Awe et al. 2021
3452:
3448:
3444:, p. 210).
3439:
3435:
3431:, p. 206).
3426:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3404:
3400:
3387:
3383:
3366:
3362:
3358:, p. 156).
3353:
3349:
3340:
3336:
3330:Britannica 2022
3319:
3315:
3309:Britannica 2022
3298:
3294:
3284:
3280:
3271:
3267:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3227:
3223:
3206:
3202:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3146:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:Maya settlement
1932:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
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1806:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1795:
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1743:
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1737:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1718:
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1716:
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1710:
1707:
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1705:
1704:
1699:
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1695:
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1684:
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1641:
1640:
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1633:
1630:
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1628:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1552:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1513:
1499:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1457:
1447:
1406:
1336:
1287:
1260:
1248:
1232:
1226:
1214:
1198:
1186:
1180:
1157:
1152:
932:
926:
924:
923:
922:
918:
916:
914:
912:
908:
905:
904:
903:
898:
897:
892:
891:
886:
885:
880:
879:
874:
873:
868:
867:
862:
861:
856:
855:
850:
849:
844:
843:
837:
836:
835:
830:
827:
824:
823:
820:
817:
814:
813:
810:
807:
804:
803:
801:Bacalar settled
800:
797:
793:
792:
791:
790:
785:
784:
783:
778:
777:
776:
771:
770:
769:
764:
763:
762:
756:
755:
754:
753:
748:
745:
744:
743:
742:
737:
734:
733:
732:
731:
726:
723:
722:
721:
720:
715:
712:
711:
710:
709:
704:
701:
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693:
690:
689:
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671:
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667:
666:
665:
659:
658:
657:
656:
648:
603:
601:
593:
591:
575:
573:
565:
563:
531:
529:
521:
519:
503:
501:
493:
491:
463:Latest Spanish
456:
454:
446:
444:
431:
429:
421:
419:
403:
401:
393:
391:
370:
343:
341:
333:
331:
318:
316:
308:
306:
290:
288:
280:
278:
260:
211:
199:
188:
186:
178:
167:
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159:
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150:
139:
135:
133:
123:
119:
117:
110:
94:
76:
71:
23:
12:
11:
5:
6416:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6357:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6315:Postmodern era
6312:
6307:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6239:
6237:
6236:Calendar units
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6222:Industrial Age
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6156:
6154:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6024:
6014:
6009:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5970:Historiography
5967:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5947:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5924:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5894:Sint Eustatius
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5839:Cayman Islands
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5666:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5643:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5618:
5617:
5610:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5535:
5533:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5482:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5415:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5377:Prime Minister
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5305:Constituencies
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5151:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5131:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5108:
5069:
5068:External links
5066:
5064:
5063:
5043:(3): 475–485.
5028:
5017:
5006:
4988:(3): 502–518.
4971:
4957:
4936:
4885:
4865:(3): 416–438.
4850:
4825:
4774:
4763:
4745:(3): 461–474.
4728:
4707:
4678:
4655:"post-classic"
4649:
4620:
4614:
4589:
4578:
4548:
4527:
4483:
4471:2027/heb.03515
4454:
4440:
4427:
4413:
4396:
4371:
4353:(2): 337–356.
4336:
4301:
4297:World Factbook
4288:
4259:
4241:(3): 486–501.
4224:
4212:From 1841-1884
4207:
4194:
4180:
4155:
4137:(3): 519–544.
4120:
4105:
4099:
4074:
4060:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4013:
3998:
3983:
3971:
3959:
3947:
3935:
3923:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3872:
3857:
3845:
3830:
3818:
3803:
3788:
3776:
3764:
3752:
3750:, p. 157.
3737:
3725:
3713:
3711:, p. 153.
3701:
3699:, p. 156.
3689:
3674:
3662:
3645:
3633:
3621:
3602:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3553:
3539:
3529:
3508:
3487:
3473:
3459:
3446:
3433:
3420:
3411:
3398:
3381:
3360:
3347:
3334:
3313:
3292:
3278:
3265:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3221:
3200:
3175:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2019:
2016:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1286:
1283:
1259:
1256:
1247:
1244:
1228:Main article:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1197:
1194:
1182:Main article:
1179:
1176:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
989:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
963:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
931:
928:
919:So = Sovereign
906:
901:
899:
895:
893:
889:
887:
883:
881:
877:
875:
871:
869:
865:
863:
859:
857:
853:
851:
847:
845:
841:
839:
826:
825:
816:
815:
806:
805:
796:
795:
794:
788:
787:
786:
781:
780:
779:
774:
773:
772:
767:
766:
765:
760:
759:
758:
757:
751:
750:
749:
747:
746:
740:
739:
738:
736:
735:
729:
728:
727:
725:
724:
718:
717:
716:
714:
713:
707:
706:
705:
703:
702:
696:
695:
694:
692:
691:
685:
684:
683:
681:
680:
674:
673:
672:
670:
669:
663:
662:
661:
660:
654:
653:
652:
651:
650:
649:
647:
644:
641:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
622:
619:
616:
612:
611:
608:
598:
587:
586:
583:
580:
570:
560:
550:
547:
544:
540:
539:
536:
526:
515:
514:
511:
508:
498:
488:
478:
475:
472:
468:
467:
461:
451:
440:
439:
436:
426:
415:
414:
411:
408:
398:
388:
371:
369:
368:
365:
361:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
338:
327:
326:
323:
313:
302:
301:
298:
295:
285:
275:
261:
259:
258:
255:
251:
249:
246:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
210:
207:
198:
195:
177:
174:
149:
146:
109:
106:
93:
90:
75:
72:
70:
67:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6415:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6393:Periodization
6391:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6368:
6367:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6300:Classical era
6298:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6202:Victorian Era
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6153:World history
6151:
6148:
6146:Specific eras
6144:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5979:Types of eras
5977:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5965:Periodization
5963:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5951:Periodization
5945:
5940:
5938:
5933:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5801:
5795:
5794:United States
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5664:
5659:
5657:
5652:
5650:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:Chief Justice
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5155:Pre-Columbian
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5117:
5115:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5060:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4958:9780429341618
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4704:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4685:
4681:OED (2007c).
4679:
4675:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4652:OED (2007b).
4650:
4646:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4627:
4623:OED (2007a).
4621:
4617:
4615:9780195390933
4611:
4607:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4549:9780429054679
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4463:
4462:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4414:9780813040721
4410:
4405:
4404:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4181:9781351268004
4177:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4102:
4100:9781139053464
4096:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4061:9781139053778
4057:
4053:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4036:
4035:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4009:McLellan 2020
4005:
4003:
3995:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3951:
3944:
3939:
3932:
3927:
3920:
3915:
3908:
3907:Pearsall 2008
3903:
3896:
3895:Pearsall 2008
3891:
3884:
3883:Pearsall 2008
3879:
3877:
3869:
3868:Braswell 2022
3864:
3862:
3854:
3853:Braswell 2022
3849:
3842:
3841:Braswell 2022
3837:
3835:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3761:
3756:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3734:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3710:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3687:, p. 98.
3686:
3681:
3679:
3671:
3666:
3659:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3642:
3637:
3630:
3629:McLellan 2020
3625:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3599:
3594:
3588:, p. 49.
3587:
3582:
3578:
3564:
3563:McLellan 2020
3557:
3550:
3549:McLellan 2020
3543:
3533:
3526:
3518:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3450:
3443:
3442:Pearsall 2008
3437:
3430:
3424:
3415:
3408:
3402:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3357:
3351:
3344:
3338:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3322:Peter Wallace
3317:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3301:Peter Wallace
3296:
3289:
3288:McLellan 2020
3282:
3275:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3170:
3166:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2049:
2026:
2015:
2009:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1352:11410 cal BC
1351:
1349:11785 cal BC
1348:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1275:pre-Columbian
1271:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1150:Pre-Columbian
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
990:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
964:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
927:
921:
833:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
613:
609:
599:
589:
588:
581:
571:
561:
558:
554:
541:
537:
527:
517:
516:
509:
499:
489:
486:
482:
469:
466:
462:
452:
442:
441:
437:
427:
417:
416:
409:
399:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
366:
363:
362:
353:
349:
339:
329:
328:
324:
314:
304:
303:
296:
286:
276:
273:
269:
265:
256:
253:
252:
243:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
206:
205:the present.
204:
194:
183:
173:
155:
145:
131:
115:
105:
101:
89:
86:
82:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
20:
16:
6364:
6352:
6269:Belle Époque
6101:Chalcolithic
5899:Sint Maarten
5879:Saint Martin
5544:Coat of arms
5501:Prostitution
5486:Demographics
5413:Central bank
5335:Human rights
5310:Constitution
5229:Conservation
5071:
5040:
5036:
5022:
5011:
4985:
4981:
4940:
4897:
4893:
4862:
4858:
4829:
4786:
4782:
4768:
4742:
4738:
4713:
4688:
4659:
4630:
4626:"preclassic"
4595:
4583:
4531:
4496:
4492:
4460:
4431:
4402:
4375:
4350:
4346:
4315:
4311:
4296:
4291:CIA (2022).
4265:
4238:
4234:
4211:
4202:
4161:
4134:
4130:
4115:
4080:
4041:
4021:Rushton 2014
4016:
3994:Nichols 2012
3974:
3962:
3950:
3938:
3926:
3914:
3902:
3890:
3848:
3821:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3728:
3716:
3704:
3692:
3670:Rushton 2014
3665:
3636:
3624:
3593:
3581:
3556:
3542:
3532:
3516:
3511:
3495:
3490:
3476:
3462:
3449:
3436:
3423:
3414:
3401:
3384:
3363:
3350:
3343:Rushton 2014
3337:
3316:
3295:
3281:
3268:
3255:
3246:
3237:
3224:
3212:
3203:
3178:
3169:
2966:Mesoamerica
2922:Mesoamerica
2658:Mesoamerica
2570:Mesoamerica
2526:Mesoamerica
2350:Mesoamerica
2306:Mesoamerica
2218:Mesoamerica
2174:Mesoamerica
2013:
2007:T = Terminal
1506:
1502:
1487:Postclassic
1450:
1409:
1377:1050 cal BC
1374:1375 cal BC
1366:6570 cal BC
1363:6660 cal BC
1343:
1339:
1330:Palaeoindian
1278:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1196:Palaeoindian
1189:
1187:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1122:Orange Walk
952:Precolonial
946:Postclassic
925:
831:
624:
556:
552:
484:
480:
474:Precolonial
464:
385:
381:
377:
373:
271:
267:
263:
248:Postclassic
202:
200:
181:
179:
153:
151:
129:
113:
111:
95:
84:
80:
77:
30:
28:
15:
6177:Renaissance
6172:Middle Ages
6086:Paleolithic
6017:Ages of Man
5869:Puerto Rico
5779:Saint Lucia
5729:El Salvador
5093: /
5090:17°N 88.7°W
4108:AM (2022).
3617:Graham 2011
3598:Burdon 1935
3586:Graham 2011
3483:Graham 2011
3469:Graham 2011
3274:Graham 2011
3261:Graham 2011
3230:Burdon 1935
2037:Preclassic
2034:Preceramic
1418:200 cal BC
1415:300 cal BC
1388:Preclassic
1324:Preceramic
1258:Postclassic
1171:Maya Region
811:Tipu revolt
775:Precolonial
708:Precolonial
697:Precolonial
148:Precolonial
92:Postclassic
6382:Categories
6274:Gilded Age
6132:Capitalism
6106:Bronze Age
6091:Mesolithic
5991:Silver age
5986:Golden Age
5864:Montserrat
5859:Martinique
5854:Guadeloupe
5709:Costa Rica
5584:Television
5564:Newspapers
5420:(currency)
5160:Preclassic
4705:required.)
4676:required.)
4647:required.)
4566:1227789483
4558:2020053761
4441:082631161X
4203:Britannica
4031:References
3217:Jones 1998
3196:Jones 1989
3137:cf
3093:cf
3049:cf
3005:cf
2961:cf
2917:cf
2873:cf
2829:cf
2785:cf
2741:cf
2697:cf
2653:cf
2609:cf
2565:cf
2521:cf
2477:cf
2433:cf
2389:cf
2345:cf
2301:cf
2257:cf
2213:cf
2169:cf
2125:cf
2003:M = Middle
1897:Preclassic
1890:Preceramic
1553:1544-03-31
1543:1544-03-01
1526:1492-10-21
1516:1492-10-21
1479:cf
1424:cf
1358:cf
1224:Preclassic
1178:Preceramic
1143:cf
1117:cf
1091:cf
1065:cf
1039:cf
1013:cf
987:cf
958:Sovereign
832:Belize Act
618:Sovereign
604:1981-09-21
594:1981-09-21
585:cf
576:1981-06-07
566:1981-06-06
532:1862-05-12
522:1862-05-12
513:cf
504:1862-02-12
494:1862-02-12
457:1708-06-30
447:1708-01-01
432:1652-12-31
422:1652-05-30
413:cf
404:1638-06-07
394:1638-06-06
344:1544-12-31
334:1544-01-01
319:1492-10-21
309:1492-10-21
300:cf
189:1981-09-21
168:1862-05-12
160:1862-02-12
140:1708-12-31
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