631:
31:
556:
270:
Although the
Pergamon Bridge is, due to its extraordinary width, often misleadingly called a tunnel, it should rather be treated as a bridge substruction, since the entire structure was erected above ground, which necessitates construction techniques more akin to bridge building and very different
306:
The bridge substruction features two parallel and linear barrel vaults which are separated by a continuously running partition wall. While the uphill entrances of the double tube are on the same level, the exits on the down-valley side are spaced at a 13 m (43 ft) interval, leading to a
274:
For urban development, such substructions are regarded as particularly useful for providing large open spaces in densely populated inner city areas. This was also the case in
Pergamon, as the building of the Serapis Temple required the bridging of an entire section of the
353:
of the tunnel was calculated as 0.6% with a maximum discharge capacity of 360 m³/s. Exceeding this limit puts the bridge under internal pressure and damages the structure in the process. Considering that the
Selinus is 13.4 km (8.3 mi) long, with a
307:
significant difference in length between the western (183 m (600 ft)) and the eastern branch (196 m (643 ft)). Due to a later built-in 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high threshold, parts of the western tube are today silted up.
318:
to the apex of the arch 4.5 m (15 ft) and the clearance to ground level measures 7.5 m (25 ft). The vaults are built of rubble bound with mortar, and rest on an ashlar stone base.
992:
1213:
276:
587:
523:Öziş, Ünal; Harmancioğlu, N. (1979), "Flood Flows and Capacities of the Historical Pergamon and Nysa Tunnels in Anatolia",
48:
1012:
321:
Up- and downstream of the bridge substruction are another two well-preserved ancient bridges across the
Selinus, called
1193:
1183:
931:
690:
560:
1218:
1074:
685:
389:
The study came to the conclusion that statistically every 700 years, a value which has been referred to as the "
254:'s reign (AD 117–138) in order to form a passageway underneath a large court in front of the monumental "
41:
1079:
905:
630:
580:
1208:
1188:
798:
793:
997:
1007:
952:
915:
803:
706:
615:
295:
1084:
987:
957:
503:
Grewe, Klaus; Özis, Ünal (1994), "Die antiken Flußüberbauungen von
Pergamon und Nysa (Türkei)",
788:
573:
982:
1162:
977:
910:
843:
833:
402:
314:
are practically identical: the clear spans are 9 m (30 ft) each, the rise from the
1149:
1139:
1002:
863:
823:
808:
711:
8:
967:
813:
972:
962:
900:
650:
1099:
1069:
936:
655:
407:
258:" temple complex. The two intact tubes, which consist of supporting walls covered with
1198:
1094:
1089:
858:
853:
412:
181:
1203:
1129:
1033:
1028:
838:
680:
783:
1144:
1119:
1109:
1038:
868:
828:
768:
610:
390:
363:
315:
279:
in order to create sufficient space for a large platform in front of the temple.
247:
231:
1134:
1059:
1043:
884:
778:
763:
753:
359:
287:
135:
1177:
1064:
848:
748:
743:
727:
350:
63:
50:
393:", floods are to be expected which would exceed the capacity of the bridge.
1104:
818:
758:
665:
660:
645:
596:
259:
255:
223:
83:
525:
International
Association for Hydraulic Research, 18. Congress Proceedings
246:. The 196 m (643 ft) wide structure, the largest of its kind in
1114:
670:
620:
291:
125:
773:
675:
342:
283:
346:
235:
106:
30:
251:
239:
200:
565:
555:
355:
243:
139:
110:
442:
440:
338:
311:
437:
362:
of 101 km (39 sq mi), the following median
265:
536:Öziş, Ünal (1987), "Ancient Water Works in Anatolia",
337:
The capacity limit of the
Pergamon Bridge in case of
282:
A similar urban project was also executed in another
366:were calculated, depending on the method employed:
1175:
522:
457:
455:
581:
452:
1214:Buildings and structures in İzmir Province
588:
574:
290:, where the 100 m (328 ft) wide
502:
486:
474:
462:
446:
431:
262:, still serve their purpose to this day.
271:from those employed in tunnel-driving.
1176:
569:
332:
266:Classification as bridge substruction
535:
1013:Roman bridge of Talamanca de Jarama
13:
516:
301:
14:
1230:
595:
549:
691:Roman Bridge (Vaison-la-Romaine)
629:
554:
29:
226:over the Selinus river (modern
480:
468:
425:
162:
35:Western entrance of the bridge
1:
932:Constantine's Bridge (Danube)
1075:Constantine's Bridge (Mysia)
686:Roman Bridge (Saint-Thibéry)
7:
1080:Eurymedon Bridge (Aspendos)
906:Ponte Nova da Cava da Velha
538:Water Resources Development
396:
385:8,500 years (Snyder method)
382:1,100 years (Mockus method)
373:250 years (Günerman method)
10:
1235:
1163:Full list of Roman bridges
627:
496:
16:Bridge in Pergamon, Turkey
1158:
1052:
1021:
1008:Roman bridge of Salamanca
953:Acueducto de los Milagros
945:
924:
916:Roman Bridge of Catribana
893:
877:
736:
720:
699:
638:
616:Piercebridge Roman Bridge
603:
379:550 years (D.S.I. method)
224:Roman substruction bridge
212:
207:
195:
190:
180:
172:
161:
153:
145:
131:
121:
116:
102:
90:
79:
40:
28:
21:
1085:Eurymedon Bridge (Selge)
418:
341:has been the subject of
1194:Stone bridges in Turkey
1184:Roman bridges in Turkey
998:Roman bridge of Córdoba
958:Albarregas Roman bridge
799:Ponte d'Augusto (Narni)
358:gradient of 2.2% and a
329:("Three Arch Bridge").
310:The dimensions of both
64:39.121583°N 27.182667°E
1219:Arch bridges in Turkey
1145:Valens Aqueduct Bridge
789:Pont de Pierre (Aosta)
707:Caesar's Rhine bridges
250:, was designed during
993:Roman bridge of Ávila
988:Puente Romano, Mérida
978:Les Ferreres Aqueduct
911:Roman Bridge (Chaves)
844:Ponte di Quintodecimo
834:Ponte Pietra (Verona)
563:at Wikimedia Commons
487:Grewe & Özis 1994
475:Grewe & Özis 1994
463:Grewe & Özis 1994
447:Grewe & Özis 1994
432:Grewe & Özis 1994
403:List of Roman bridges
1150:White Bridge (Mysia)
1140:Stone Bridge (Adana)
1003:Roman bridge of Lugo
824:Ponte Molino (Padua)
712:Roman Bridge (Trier)
312:semi-circular arches
69:39.121583; 27.182667
983:Puente de Alcántara
968:Aqueduct of Segovia
814:Ponte del Gran Caso
531:, Cagliari: 696–698
434:, pp. 350, 352
60: /
1070:Bridge at Oinoanda
656:Pont des Marchands
489:, pp. 351–352
449:, pp. 348–349
408:Roman architecture
333:Discharge capacity
1209:Tunnels in Turkey
1189:Deck arch bridges
1171:
1170:
1090:Karamagara Bridge
864:Ponte Sant'Angelo
859:Ponte di San Vito
854:Ponte San Lorenzo
794:Pont-Saint-Martin
559:Media related to
413:Roman engineering
284:ancient Anatolian
216:
215:
1226:
1130:Sangarius Bridge
1034:Bridge at Nimreh
1029:Ain Diwar Bridge
973:Alcántara Bridge
963:Alconétar Bridge
901:Ponte de Rubiães
839:Ponte di Pioraco
804:Ponte di Tiberio
681:Pont sur la Laye
651:Pont de Bornègre
633:
590:
583:
576:
567:
566:
558:
545:
532:
512:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
459:
450:
444:
435:
429:
378:
372:
327:Üc Kemer Köprüsü
196:Construction end
164:
75:
74:
72:
71:
70:
65:
61:
58:
57:
56:
53:
33:
19:
18:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1154:
1125:Pergamon Bridge
1120:Penkalas Bridge
1110:Macestus Bridge
1048:
1039:Gemarrin Bridge
1017:
941:
937:Trajan's Bridge
920:
889:
873:
869:Susegana Bridge
829:Ponte Nomentano
769:Pons Neronianus
732:
716:
695:
634:
625:
611:Chesters Bridge
599:
594:
561:Pergamon Bridge
552:
519:
517:Further reading
499:
494:
493:
485:
481:
473:
469:
460:
453:
445:
438:
430:
426:
421:
399:
391:arithmetic mean
376:
370:
335:
304:
302:Vault structure
268:
220:Pergamon Bridge
182:Clearance below
149:183 resp. 196 m
117:Characteristics
68:
66:
62:
59:
54:
51:
49:
47:
46:
36:
24:
23:Pergamon Bridge
17:
12:
11:
5:
1232:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:Severan Bridge
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:Aesepus Bridge
1056:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1044:Kharaba Bridge
1041:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
949:
947:
943:
942:
940:
939:
934:
928:
926:
922:
921:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
897:
895:
891:
890:
888:
887:
885:Leontes Bridge
881:
879:
875:
874:
872:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
779:Pons Sublicius
776:
771:
766:
764:Pons Fabricius
761:
756:
754:Ponte Altinate
751:
746:
740:
738:
734:
733:
731:
730:
724:
722:
718:
717:
715:
714:
709:
703:
701:
697:
696:
694:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
642:
640:
636:
635:
628:
626:
624:
623:
618:
613:
607:
605:
601:
600:
593:
592:
585:
578:
570:
551:
550:External links
548:
547:
546:
533:
518:
515:
514:
513:
498:
495:
492:
491:
479:
467:
451:
436:
423:
422:
420:
417:
416:
415:
410:
405:
398:
395:
387:
386:
383:
380:
374:
360:drainage basin
349:research. The
334:
331:
316:springing line
303:
300:
267:
264:
242:), modern-day
214:
213:
210:
209:
205:
204:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
174:
173:Piers in water
170:
169:
166:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
136:Rubble masonry
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
114:
113:
104:
100:
99:
92:
88:
87:
81:
77:
76:
44:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1231:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Limyra Bridge
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:Arapsu Bridge
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
948:
944:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
927:
923:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
892:
886:
883:
882:
880:
876:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:Ponte Salario
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
749:Pons Agrippae
747:
745:
744:Pons Aemilius
742:
741:
739:
735:
729:
728:Band-e Kaisar
726:
725:
723:
719:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
702:
698:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
641:
637:
632:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
606:
602:
598:
597:Roman bridges
591:
586:
584:
579:
577:
572:
571:
568:
564:
562:
557:
543:
539:
534:
530:
526:
521:
520:
510:
506:
501:
500:
488:
483:
477:, p. 349
476:
471:
465:, p. 350
464:
458:
456:
448:
443:
441:
433:
428:
424:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
394:
392:
384:
381:
375:
369:
368:
367:
365:
361:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
330:
328:
324:
323:Tabak Köprüsü
319:
317:
313:
308:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
277:River Selinus
272:
263:
261:
260:barrel vaults
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
73:
45:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1124:
1105:Misis Bridge
1095:Kemer Bridge
819:Ponte Milvio
759:Pons Cestius
666:Pont Flavien
661:Pont du Gard
646:Pont Ambroix
553:
541:
537:
528:
524:
511:(4): 348–352
508:
504:
482:
470:
427:
388:
347:hydrological
336:
326:
322:
320:
309:
305:
294:supported a
281:
273:
269:
256:Red Basilica
228:Bergama Çayı
227:
219:
217:
203:(AD 117–138)
154:Longest span
96:Bergama Çayi
95:
84:Red Basilica
1115:Nysa Bridge
809:Ponte Corvo
671:Pont Julien
621:Pons Aelius
505:Antike Welt
298:forecourt.
292:Nysa Bridge
126:Arch bridge
67: /
42:Coordinates
1178:Categories
784:Pont d'Aël
774:Pons Probi
676:Pont Serme
461:All data:
55:27°10′58″E
52:39°07′18″N
364:intervals
343:hydraulic
248:antiquity
230:) in the
199:Reign of
94:Selinus (
1199:Pergamon
894:Portugal
397:See also
351:gradient
236:Pergamon
234:city of
208:Location
165:of spans
132:Material
107:Pergamon
1204:Bergama
925:Romania
878:Lebanon
700:Germany
604:England
544:: 55–62
497:Sources
296:theatre
252:Hadrian
240:Bergama
238:(today
232:ancient
201:Hadrian
191:History
91:Crosses
80:Carries
1053:Turkey
639:France
356:median
339:floods
286:city,
244:Turkey
140:ashlar
122:Design
111:Turkey
103:Locale
86:square
1022:Syria
946:Spain
737:Italy
419:Notes
222:is a
186:7.5 m
146:Width
721:Iran
345:and
325:and
288:Nysa
218:The
542:3/1
163:No.
157:9 m
1180::
540:,
527:,
509:25
507:,
454:^
439:^
377:1,
371:1,
138:,
109:,
589:e
582:t
575:v
529:6
176:1
168:2
98:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
