564:. This gave huge power to the agent, something that grated on Pegahmagabow as he did not get along with his own agent, John Daly. First Nation members who served in the army during World War I were particularly active as political activists. They had travelled the world, earned the respect of the comrades in the trenches, and refused to be sidelined by the newly empowered Indian agent. Historian Paul Williams termed these advocates "returned soldier chiefs", and singled out a few, including Pegahmagabow, as being especially active. This caused intense disagreements with Daly and eventually led to Pegahmagabow being deposed as chief. Daly and other agents who came in contact with Pegahmagabow were incredibly frustrated by his attempts, in his words, to free his people from "white slavery". The Indian agents labelled him a "mental case" and strove to sideline him and his supporters.
556:) as a non-permanent active member. Following in his father's and grandfather's footsteps, he was elected chief of the Parry Island Band from February 1921. Once in office he caused a schism in the band after he wrote a letter calling for certain individuals and those of mixed race to be expelled from the reserve. He was re-elected in 1924 and served until he was deposed via an internal power struggle in April 1925. Before the motion could go through, Pegahmagabow resigned. A decade later, he was appointed councillor from 1933 to 1936. In 1933 the
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at its feet, representing the
Caribou Clan that Pegahmagabow belonged to. The Eagle was his spirit animal. The artist Tyler Fauvelle spent eight months sculpting the statue, which spent a further year in casting. Fauvelle chose to erect it in Parry Sound rather than Wasauksing to reach a larger
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and during the battle he was recorded playing an important role as a link between the units on the 1st
Battalion's flank. When the battalion's reinforcements became lost, Pegahmagabow was instrumental in guiding them and ensuring that they reached their allocated spot in the line.
602:, and his memory is also commemorated on a plaque honoring him and his regiment on the Rotary and Algonquin Regiment Fitness Trail in Parry Sound. He was honored by the Canadian Forces by naming the 3rd Canadian Ranger Patrol Group HQ Building at CFB Borden after him.
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and brought back enough ammunition to enable his post to carry on and assist in repulsing heavy enemy counter-attacks. For these efforts he received a second Bar to his
Military Medal, becoming one of only 39 Canadians to receive this honour.
500:, Pegahmagabow was involved in fighting off a German attack at Orix Trench near Upton Wood. His company was almost out of ammunition and in danger of being surrounded. Pegahmagabow braved heavy machine gun and rifle fire by going into
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soldier, and that there may have been jealousy on the part of some officers who he felt might have been suspicious of the number of
Germans Pegahmagabow claimed to have shot because he did not use an observer while sniping.
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was inspired in part by
Pegahmagabow. The novel's protagonist is a fictional character who, like Pegahmagabow, serves as a military sniper during World War I, although Pegahmagabow also appears as a minor character.
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In 2003 the
Pegahmagabow family donated his medals and chief head dress to the Canadian War Museum where they can be seen as of 2010 as part of the World War I display. While researching his 2005 novel
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The war ended in
November 1918 and in 1919 Pegahmagabow was invalided back to Canada. He had served for almost the whole war, and had built a reputation as a skilled marksman. Using the much-maligned
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He was first awarded the
Military Medal while fighting at the second battle of Ypres, Festubert and Givenchy, for courage above fire in getting important messages through to the rear.
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A married father of six children, Pegahmagabow died on the Parry Island reserve in 1952 at the age of 61. He is a member of the Indian Hall of Fame at the
Woodland Centre in
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for carrying messages along the lines during these two battles. Initially, his commanding officer, Lieutenant
Colonel Frank Albert Creighton, had nominated him for the
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changed its policies and forbade First Nation chiefs from corresponding with the DIA. They directed that all correspondence, as of the spring of 1933, go through the
438:. While there he decorated his army tent with traditional symbols including a Caribou, the symbol of his clan. In early October 1914 he was deployed overseas with the
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his name was Binaaswi ("the wind that blows off"). When Francis was three years old, his father died and his mother subsequently left him to return to her home in the
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In addition to the power struggle between the Indian council and the DIA with which Pegahmagabow took issue, he was a constant agitator over the islands in
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in 1916, during which he was wounded in the left leg. He recovered in time to return to the 1st Battalion as they moved to Belgium. He received the
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In January 1912 Pegahmagabow received financial aid for room and board to complete his public school education with the help of the Parry Sound
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His second bar to the Military Medal came at the battle of The Scarpe, in 1918. Only 38 other Canadian men received the honour of two bars.
399:, where he learned traditional skills such as hunting, fishing, and traditional medicine. Pegahmagabow practiced a mix of Catholicism and
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512:, he was credited with killing 378 Germans and capturing 300 more. By the time of his discharge, he had served in the appointment of
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760:(October 25, 1915 β November 25, 1977) was one of Canada's most decorated First Nations soldiers, serving in World War II and the
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in August 1914, despite Canadian government discrimination that initially excluded minorities. He was posted to the
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Pegahmagabow in 1945 while attending a conference in Ottawa where the National Indian Government was formed.
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1186:"SABATON Release Ninth Studio Album 'The Great War' (July 19th, 2019) | News @ Metal Forces Magazine"
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released a song dedicated to Pegahmagabow, titled ''A Ghost in the Trenches", on their album
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2015:
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636:, June 21, 2016, in Parry Sound, near Georgian Bay. The figure has an eagle on one arm, a
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1162:"SABATON History Channel Uploads "A Ghost In The Trenches" - Francis Pegahmagabow; Video"
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organizations. He corresponded with and met other noted aboriginal figures including
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public and educate them on the contributions of First Nations people to Canada.
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Binaaswi is one of eight 2020 finalists for the $ 5 polymer bills in Canada.
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soldier, politician and activist in Canada. He was the most highly decorated
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Speaking in The Past Tense: Canadian Novelists on Writing Historical Fiction
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Earned his first bar to the Military Medal at the Battle of Passchendaele.
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Canadian journalist Adrian Hayes wrote a biography of Pegahmagabow titled
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Walter Lockwood Haight. He had left school at the age of 12 and worked at
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937:"The deadliest sniper of WWI was Francis Pegahmagabow, an Ojibwa soldier"
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A life-sized bronze statue of Pegahmagabow was erected in his honour on
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Other sources have given Pegahmagabow's birth year as 1888 or 1891.
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Francis Pegahmagabow was born on March 9, 1891, on what is now the
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and fishing camps; he eventually became a marine firefighter.
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1363:"Native Soldiers β Foreign Battlefields β A Peaceful Man"
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Pegahmagabow worked as a guard at a munitions plant near
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Upon his return to Canada he continued to serve in the
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Canadian First Nations soldier, politician and activist
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Sounding Thunder: The Stories of Francis Pegahmagabow
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1571:Out of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper
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1477:Pegahmagabow: Legendary Warrior, Forgotten Hero
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612:Pegahmagabow: Legendary Warrior, Forgotten Hero
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1499:"Francis Pegahmagabow: controversial hero"
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432:23rd Canadian Regiment (Northern Pioneers)
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736:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
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1479:(2003 ed.). Fox Meadow Creations.
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1744:Civilization.ca (August 29, 2003).
1545:"Legendary Soldier β Native Leader"
24:
1739:Francis Pegahmagabow's war records
1727:. Michigan State University Press.
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1543:Mackey, Doug (December 12, 2003).
1397:from the original on July 28, 2011
1278:from the original on April 3, 2012
558:Department of Indian Affairs (DIA)
465:. His battalion took part in the
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1661:Wilfrid Laurier University Press
1268:"Windigo in the First World War"
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1751:Canadian Museum of Civilization
1746:"Francis Pegahmagabow's Medals"
1702:Pegahmagabow: Life-Long Warrior
1677:from the original on 2021-11-05
1644:The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario.
1531:from the original on 2021-11-05
1460:from the original on 2021-11-05
1410:Drainie, Bronwyn (March 2015).
1315:from the original on 2021-04-16
1266:Bethune, Brian (May 30, 2005).
1219:from the original on 2020-11-11
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640:slung from its shoulder, and a
616:Pegahmagabow: Life-Long Warrior
496:On August 30, 1918, during the
440:1st Canadian Infantry Battalion
1624:The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario
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486:Second Battle of Passchendaele
457:gas for the first time on the
164:Second Battle of Passchendaele
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588:Native Independent Government
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1596:Powers, Lucas (2016-06-21).
1523:Koennecke, Franz M. (2008).
837:Veterans Affairs Canada 2010
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428:Canadian Expeditionary Force
111:Canadian Expeditionary Force
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1630:University of Toronto Press
1299:University of Toronto Press
935:CBC News (April 25, 2017).
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707:Distinguished Conduct Medal
475:Distinguished Conduct Medal
241:Tribal councillor (1933β36)
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1723:McInnes, Brian D. (2016).
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1497:Hele, Karl (2014-05-28).
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1568:Pegler, Martin (2006).
1367:Veterans Affairs Canada
1359:Veterans Affairs Canada
634:National Aboriginal Day
353:Wasauksing First Nation
331:and the most effective
236:Wasauksing First Nation
159:Battle of Passchendaele
2036:Canadian Ojibwe people
1700:Hayes, Adrian (2009).
1525:"Francis Pegahmagabow"
1475:Hayes, Adrian (2003).
1440:Hayes, Adrian (2005).
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451:Second Battle of Ypres
381:Shawanaga First Nation
171:Hundred Days Offensive
142:Second Battle of Ypres
1873:Joseph Arthur Gregory
550:The Northern Pioneers
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444:1st Canadian Division
238:(1921β25 and 1942β45)
117:Years of service
1894:Francis Pegahmagabow
1706:Blue Butterfly Books
1653:Wyile, Herb (2007).
1110:Canadian Forces 2006
552:(known today as the
498:Battle of the Scarpe
254:Francis Pegahmagabow
181:Battle of the Scarpe
91:Parry Sound, Ontario
75:Parry Sound, Ontario
36:Francis Pegahmagabow
1860:(Archibald Belaney)
1687:- Total pages: 327
1648:- Total pages: 334
1591:- Total pages: 352
1470:- Total pages: 253
1389:(August 27, 2003).
1387:Canadian War Museum
1325:- Total pages: 204
467:Battle of the Somme
147:Battle of the Somme
1492:- Total pages: 95
1150:, pp. 225β237
600:Brantford, Ontario
554:Algonquin Regiment
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1996:
1995:
1754:. civilization.ca
1715:978-0-97849-829-0
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1670:978-0-88920-511-6
1659:(2007 ed.).
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1639:978-0-8020-6778-4
1628:(1991 ed.).
1592:
1585:978-1-84603-140-3
1576:Osprey Publishing
1574:(2006 ed.).
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1486:978-0-9681452-8-9
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1421:Quill & Quire
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1297:(2003 ed.).
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463:lance corporal
436:CFB Valcartier
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385:Nobel, Ontario
376:
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249:
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523:
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1191:Metal Forces
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1038:
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1009:
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990:, p. 31
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1912:John Shiwak
1821:Ion Idriess
1099:Mackey 2003
1014:Pegler 2006
918:Powers 2016
424:World War I
401:Anishinaabe
383:reserve in
327:soldier in
54:Nickname(s)
2005:Categories
1962:Ed Klepfer
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1681:2021-07-31
1612:2016-06-22
1535:2016-06-23
1515:2016-06-22
1464:2021-07-31
1432:2016-06-22
1319:2021-07-31
1259:References
1223:2020-11-11
1198:2021-11-11
1171:2021-11-11
1148:Wyile 2007
988:Hayes 2003
976:Hayes 2005
868:Hayes 2003
762:Korean War
638:Ross rifle
524:, and the
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769:Footnotes
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234:Chief of
120:1914β1919
1987:Loophole
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1371:Archived
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