2606:
2384:
1304:
2376:
868:
165:
2823:
854:
2129:
927:
186:
2511:
151:
2472:
2868:. The peas are boiled for a few minutes to remove any enzymes that may shorten their shelf life. They are then cooled and removed from the water. The final step is the actual freezing to produce the final product. This step may vary considerably; some companies freeze their peas by air blast freezing, where the vegetables are put through a tunnel at high speeds and frozen by cold air. Finally, the peas are packaged and shipped out for retail sale.
2240:
43:
2877:
2614:
3212:
2856:
1813:
1041:
2499:. By the 17th and 18th centuries, it had become popular to eat peas "green", that is, while they are immature and right after they are picked. New cultivars of peas were developed by the English during this time, which became known as "garden" or "English" peas. The popularity of green peas spread to
2153:
types, also called semi-leafless, have clusters of tendrils instead of leaves. Unless otherwise noted these are so called dwarf varieties which grow to an average height of about 1m. Giving the vines support is recommended, but not required. Extra dwarf are suitable for container growing, reaching
882:, widely grown as a cool-season vegetable crop. The seeds may be planted as soon as the soil temperature reaches 10 °C (50 °F), with the plants growing best at temperatures of 13 to 18 °C (55 to 64 °F). They do not thrive in the summer heat of warmer temperate and lowland tropical
2863:
In order to freeze and preserve peas, they must first be grown, picked, and shelled. Usually, the more tender the peas are, the more likely that they will be used in the final product. The peas must be put through the process of freezing shortly after being picked so that they do not spoil too soon.
2418:
It is a climbing annual legume with weak, viny, and relatively succulent stems. Vines often are 4 to 5 feet (120 to 150 cm) long, but when grown alone, field pea's weak stems prevent it from growing more than 1.5 to 2 feet (45 to 60 cm) tall. Leaves have two leaflets and a tendril. Flowers
3199:
can be a serious pest producing caterpillars the resemble small white maggots in the pea-pods. The caterpillars eat the developing peas making them unsightly and unsuitable for culinary use. Prior to the use of modern insecticides, pea moth caterpillars were a very common sight in pea pods.
2403:(L.) Asch. It is also known as dun (grey-brown) pea, Kapucijner pea, or Austrian winter pea, and is one of the oldest domesticated crops, cultivated for at least 7,000 years. Field peas are now grown in many countries for both human consumption and stockfeed. There are several
2899:
Mendel chose peas for his experiments because he could grow them easily, pure-bred strains were readily available, and the structure of the flowers protect them from cross-pollination, and cross pollination was easy. Mendel cross-bred tall and dwarf pea plants, green and
1139:
The top producer of green peas – by far – is China with 12.2 million tons, followed by India (4.8 million tons), USA (0.31 million tons), France (0.23 million tons) and Egypt (0.15 million tons). United
Kingdom, Pakistan, Algeria, Peru and Turkey complete the top 10.
3861:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
820:
of one year. They are a cool-season crop grown in many parts of the world; planting can take place from winter to early summer depending on location. The average pea weighs between 0.1 and 0.36 grams. The immature peas (and in
2458:. Europe, Australia, Canada and the United States raise over 4.5 million acres (18,000 km²) and are major exporters of peas. In 2002, there were approximately 300,000 acres (1,200 km²) of field peas grown in the United States.
2120:, and the draft assembly was officially announced in September 2019. It covers 88% of the genome (3.92Gb) and predicted 44,791 gene-coding sequences. The pea used for the assembly was the inbred French cultivar "Caméor".
897:
from leaves that coil around any available support and can climb to be 1 to 2 metres (3 ft 3 in to 6 ft 7 in) high. A traditional approach to supporting climbing peas is to thrust branches pruned from
2935:: how new traits were preserved and not blended back into the population, a question Darwin himself did not answer. Mendel's work was published in an obscure Austrian journal and was not rediscovered until about 1900.
3140:
Pea grading involves sorting peas by size, in which the smallest peas are graded as the highest quality for their tenderness. Brines may be used, in which peas are floated, from which their density can be determined.
3860:
2904:, purple and white flowers, wrinkled and smooth peas, and a few other traits. He then observed the resulting offspring. In each of these cases, one trait is dominant and all the offspring, or Filial-1 (abbreviated F
2419:
are white, pink, or purple. Pods carry seeds that are large (4,000 seeds/lb), nearly spherical, and white, gray, green, or brown. The root system is relatively shallow and small, but well nodulated.
2864:
Once the peas have been selected, they are placed in ice water and allowed to cool. After, they are sprayed with water to remove any residual dirt or dust that may remain on them. The next step is
2920:
plants had the dominant trait in approximately a 3:1 ratio. He studied later generations of self pollinated plants, and performed crosses to determine the nature of the pollen and egg cells.
2927:, trait appeared only when it was inherited from both parents. He did further experiments that showed each trait is separately inherited. Unwittingly, Mendel had solved a major problem with
2842:) were once dedicated cuisine when the plant was less highly available. Today, when the plant can be easily grown, fresh pea shoots are available in supermarkets or may be grown at home.
946:
and the Near East. The earliest archaeological finds of peas date from the late
Neolithic era of current Syria, Anatolia, Israel, Iraq, Jordan and Greece. In Egypt, early finds date from
775:; however the need and justification for the change is disputed. Each pod contains several seeds (peas), which can have green or yellow cotyledons when mature. Botanically, pea pods are
2580:
cheese with peas), though they can be substituted with frozen peas as well. Peas are also eaten raw, as they are sweet when fresh off the bush. Green Peas known as Hasiru Batani in
1106:. Little dishes of peas were then presented to the King, the Queen, Cardinal Mazarin and Monsieur, the king's brother. Immediately established and grown for earliness warmed with
4242:
Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta
3836:
4128:
Myers, James R.; Baggett, James R.; Lamborn, Calvin (22 June 2010), Janick, Jules (ed.), "Origin, History, and
Genetic Improvement of the Snap Pea ( Pisum sativum L.)",
3176:. They are about 3.5 millimetres (0.14 in)—5.5 millimetres (0.22 in) long and are distinguishable by three light-coloured stripes running length-wise down the
4997:
Sanchez-Monge, R.; G. Lopez-Torrejon; C. Y. Pascual; J. Varela; M. Martin-Esteban; G. Salcedo (2004). "Vicilin and convicilin are potential major allergens from pea".
4831:
2973:, other Middle Eastern Semitic peoples, and other descendants of the Mediterranean coastal regions. In this condition, the toxic reaction to eating most, if not all,
825:
the tender pod as well) are used as a vegetable, fresh, frozen or canned; varieties of the species typically called field peas are grown to produce dry peas like the
2072:
1796:
2605:
2426:
crop for millennia, seeds showing domesticated characteristics dating from at least 7000 years ago have been found in archaeological sites around what is now
3301:
Schaefer, Hanno; Hechenleitner, Paulina; Santos-Guerra, Arnoldo; de
Sequeira, Miguel Menezes; Pennington, R Toby; Kenicer, Gregory; Carine, Mark A (2012).
914:, or netting supported by a frame are used for the same purpose. In dense plantings, peas give each other some measure of mutual support. Pea plants can
3192:, and thus diminish leaf and stem growth. Adult weevils feed on the leaves and create a notched, "c-shaped" appearance on the outside of the leaves.
3453:
4069:
5778:
3097:
4573:
2788:
is sometimes added to soften the peas. In 2005, a poll of 2,000 people revealed the pea to be
Britain's seventh favourite culinary vegetable.
988:
In early times, peas were grown mostly for their dry seeds. From plants growing wild in the
Mediterranean Basin, constant selection since the
5853:
3368:
Ellis, Noel; Smýkal, Petr; Maxted, Nigel; Coyne, Clarice; Domoney, Claire; Burstin, Judith; Bouchenak-Khelladi, Yanis; Chayut, Noam (2024).
2958:
3303:"Systematics, biogeography, and character evolution of the legume tribe Fabeae with special focus on the middle-Atlantic island lineages"
2791:
Processed peas are mature peas which have been dried, soaked and then heat treated (processed) to prevent spoilage—in the same manner as
2507:
grew more than 30 cultivars of peas on his estate. With the invention of canning, peas were one of the first vegetables to be canned.
779:, since they contain seeds and develop from the ovary of a (pea) flower. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the
5961:
3868:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
4606:
5871:
5726:
5457:
4408:
3828:
5309:
5791:
5739:
4330:
4282:
4273:
902:
or other woody plants upright into the soil, providing a lattice for the peas to climb. Branches used in this fashion are called
5889:
5048:
4525:
2434:
food, unlike the garden pea, which is marketed as a fresh or canned vegetable. The major producing countries of field peas are
5819:
4454:
4392:
4145:
3873:
3597:
3415:
5940:
5485:
4846:
6086:
5796:
5388:
5323:
3887:
3991:
3159:, including insects, viruses, bacteria and fungi. In particular, virus disease of peas has worldwide economic importance.
2719:) are commonly used in stir-fries. Much like picking the leaves for tea, the farmers pick the tips off of the pea plant.
2360:. The description is inconsistent with the appearance of snow peas, and therefore botanists have replaced this name with
886:, but do grow well in cooler, high-altitude, tropical areas. Many cultivars reach maturity about 60 days after planting.
4366:
3724:
5677:
5444:
2970:
748:
4303:
2422:
The field pea is a cool-season legume crop that is grown on over 25 million acres worldwide. It has been an important
6076:
3702:
3633:
3519:
1129:
was developed in the 18th century by amateur plant breeder Thomas Edward Knight of
Downton, near Salisbury, England.
1099:
126:
2529:
as a side dish vegetable. Salt and pepper are also commonly added to peas when served. Fresh peas are also used in
2495:, these formed an important part of the diet of most people in the Middle East, North Africa and Europe during the
107:
5858:
5765:
5470:
4348:
3479:
5979:
2352:
is often misused for snow peas. The variety under this name was described as having sub-leathery and compressed-
2335:
named in 1825. It was described as having very compressed non-leathery edible pods in the original publication.
79:
5894:
5203:
2772:, are popular, originally in the north of England, but now ubiquitously, and especially as an accompaniment to
2271:
can include both types or be synonymous with either snow peas or snap peas in different dictionaries. Likewise
64:
5498:
5840:
4278:
2250:
Some peas lack the tough membrane inside the pod wall and have tender edible pods. There are two main types:
842:
3405:
2068:
1792:
5708:
5695:
3824:
2923:
Mendel reasoned that each parent had a 'vote' in the appearance of the offspring, and the non-dominant, or
86:
5617:
4684:
5987:
5592:
4778:"How frozen vegetable is made - production process, making, used, processing, product, industry, machine"
3765:
3741:
3457:
2141:
There are many varieties (cultivars) of garden peas. Some of the most common varieties are listed here.
5744:
4256:
4073:
2383:
5974:
5493:
3736:
3287:
1783:
3280:
6071:
5881:
5814:
5254:
3787:
1163:
1065:
185:
93:
5084:
4580:
4035:
2263:
or sugar snap peas have rounded pods with thick pod walls. Pods and seeds are eaten before maturity.
4481:
2665:(or "pease porridge"), a traditional dish. In North America, a similarly traditional dish is split
2546:
5832:
4631:
2407:
and colors including blue, dun (brown), maple and white. This pea should not be confused with the
2375:
1303:
6061:
5966:
5703:
5643:
5553:
4009:
3792:
3622:
Peas have been found in the
Neolithic site of Abeurador in the south of France (Toussaint-Samat).
931:
53:
4955:
2549:. Pea pods do not keep well once picked, and if not used quickly, are best preserved by drying,
1680:
75:
6091:
5783:
5690:
5399:
5310:
https://web.archive.org/web/20061017214408/http://www.grainlegumes.com/default.asp?id_biblio=52
4703:
2179:
2172:
1015:
5193:
4657:
3542:
3509:
2896:. He ended up growing and examining about 28,000 pea plants in the course of his experiments.
1641:
878:
A pea is a most commonly green, occasionally golden yellow, or infrequently purple pod-shaped
6081:
5337:
4972:
3807:
3428:
3092:
The root nodules of peas and other legumes are sources of nitrogen that they can use to make
2657:. In the Philippines, peas, while still in their pods, are a common ingredient in viands and
2189:
2046:
1654:
1078:, because they were eaten pods and all, were introduced to France from the market gardens of
966:
817:
328:
312:
5920:
5165:
Postgate, J (1998). Nitrogen
Fixation, 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK
4940:
5651:
5066:
4446:
4439:
3314:
3150:
2924:
1706:
1667:
989:
60:
31:
17:
5378:
4751:
4548:
2738:, and other parts of the Mediterranean, peas are made into a stew with lamb and potatoes.
8:
6025:
2982:
2932:
2865:
2116:. The International Pea Genome Sequencing Consortium was formed to develop the first pea
2108:
2071:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1795:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1136:, with their indigestible skins rubbed off, are a development of the later 19th century.
1091:
1049:
943:
867:
5564:
4777:
4416:
3318:
164:
6033:
5506:
5030:
4917:
4890:
3707:
3345:
3302:
2889:
2785:
2781:
2483:, which breaks down the cell walls and makes them taste sweeter and the nutrients more
2430:. Field peas or "dry peas" are marketed as a dry, shelled product for either human or
2026:
1912:
1693:
1621:
1400:
1254:
1083:
1000:
that are sown late in the winter because of their tenderness. In the first century AD,
337:
180:
5347:
5216:
5143:
5110:
4211:
3564:
3127:), that is available to other plants, thereby serving as fertilizer for future crops.
2912:
generation to self pollinate and observed their offspring, the Filial-2 (abbreviated F
2257:
have flat pods with thin pod walls. Pods and seeds are eaten when they are very young.
6066:
5953:
5915:
5625:
5431:
5199:
5148:
5130:
5022:
5014:
5010:
4922:
4812:
4450:
4388:
4141:
3973:
3932:
3927:
3910:
3879:
3869:
3593:
3515:
3411:
3370:"The Taxonomic Status of Genera within the Fabeae (Vicieae), with a Special Focus on
3350:
3332:
3012:
2944:
1719:
1523:
1087:
958:
806:
5383:
5034:
4996:
2822:
1261:(table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), raw green peas supply 81
1119:
961:
in the 5th millennium BC. Farther east, the finds are younger. Peas were present in
6038:
5718:
5630:
5511:
5436:
5422:
5138:
5122:
5006:
4912:
4902:
4888:
4804:
4133:
3963:
3922:
3385:
3340:
3322:
2978:
2966:
2504:
2278:
2117:
1983:
1194:
1115:
1103:
1030:
915:
853:
838:
30:
This article is about one species of plant and its variations. For other uses, see
5992:
5597:
5584:
5902:
5806:
5354:
5327:
3746:
3712:
3256:
3196:
3173:
3164:
2700:
2673:
2484:
2339:
2308:
1290:
752:
223:
100:
6015:
5845:
5359:. Bulletin (United States. Bureau of Chemistry). U.S. Government Printing Office
5320:
5280:
4240:
4100:
957:
area, and from c. 3800–3600 BC in Upper Egypt. The pea was also present in
5948:
5574:
4808:
3995:
3863:
3781:
3226:
2928:
2792:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2638:
2319:
2162:
2154:
only about 25 cm. Tall varieties grow to about 2m with support required.
2146:
2099:
1233:
1167:
997:
978:
926:
830:
210:
4907:
4160:
4137:
3968:
3951:
3950:
Kreplak, Jonathan; Madoui, Mohammed-Amin; Burstin, Judith (2 September 2019).
6055:
5682:
5449:
5134:
5018:
3936:
3732:
3336:
3327:
3300:
3241:
2885:
2710:
2677:
2662:
2599:
2572:
2500:
2455:
1868:
1458:
1356:
1209:
1006:
756:
4730:
4499:
2510:
2128:
1048:
Green "garden" peas, eaten immature and fresh, were an innovative luxury of
6005:
5930:
5538:
5152:
5026:
4926:
4816:
4413:
Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station for the Year 1919 II
4307:
4106:
3977:
3883:
3354:
2423:
2102:. Despite its scientific popularity, its relatively large genome size (4.45
1844:
1732:
1332:
1250:
993:
982:
813:
3952:"A reference genome for pea provides insight into legume genome evolution"
3823:
1010:, when Roman legionaries still gathered wild peas from the sandy soils of
5827:
5752:
5607:
5547:
4059:
Kelvedon Wonder is popular in the United Kingdom, but uncommon elsewhere.
3217:
3185:
3168:) can damage peas and other pod fruits. The pea leaf weevil is native to
3004:
2646:
2496:
2207:
2095:
1828:
1316:
1266:
1061:
1025:, field peas are constantly mentioned, as they were the staple that kept
1022:
962:
5907:
5126:
3911:"An integrated and comparative view of pea genetic and cytogenetic maps"
977:
in 2250–1750 BC. In the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, this
150:
5731:
5462:
4114:
3760:
3108:
3093:
2981:, and in severe cases, the released circulating free hemoglobin causes
2901:
2769:
2566:
2515:
2488:
2471:
2287:
2091:
1540:
1506:
1466:
1286:
1111:
954:
784:
5356:
The Canning of Peas: Based on Factory Inspection and Experimental Data
3487:
3390:
3369:
2168:
Thomas Laxton (heirloom) / Laxton's Progress / Progress #9, 60–65 days
841:; in Europe, consuming fresh immature green peas was an innovation of
5757:
5664:
5242:. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society. p. 7.
3246:
3231:
2994:
2534:
2526:
2451:
2431:
2203:
2087:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1454:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1133:
1001:
879:
826:
279:
5393:
4864:
4607:"Green Pea Soup, Hungarian - Soups - Recipes - hungarianpaprika.net"
2239:
2106:) made it challenging to sequence compared to other legumes such as
42:
6000:
5866:
5532:
5416:
4093:
4091:
3236:
3189:
3156:
3055:
2999:
2893:
2876:
2811:
2807:
2777:
2750:
2666:
2650:
2642:
2613:
2595:
2554:
2542:
2538:
2404:
2260:
2254:
2244:
2103:
1966:
1489:
1278:
1034:
970:
834:
822:
801:
780:
289:
269:
236:
27:
Species of flowering plant with edible seeds in the family Fabaceae
5770:
5669:
5475:
4889:
Ellis, T.H.N.; Hofer, J.M.I.; Swain, M.T.; Van Dijk, P.J. (2019).
4186:
2584:
are used to make curry and Gasi. Split peas are also used to make
5638:
5319:, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
3104:
3023:
2952:
2754:
2742:
2727:
2581:
2550:
2530:
2480:
2113:
1946:
1434:
1262:
1086:, through the French ambassador. Green peas were introduced from
1079:
1011:
894:
883:
766:
259:
4795:
Nasmyth, K (2022). "The magic and meaning of Mendel's miracle".
4088:
2415:) which is sometimes called the "field pea" in warmer climates.
5656:
3251:
3177:
3169:
3096:, constituents of proteins. Hence, legumes are good sources of
2948:
2796:
2746:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2681:
2661:. In the UK, dried yellow or green split peas are used to make
2658:
2634:
2591:
2577:
2522:
2492:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2408:
2353:
2000:
1556:
1463:
1221:
1107:
1095:
1026:
935:
792:
740:
249:
5111:"Nitrogen Mobilization in Pea Seedlings. II. Free Amino Acids"
3678:
3103:
When a pea plant dies in the field, for example following the
2908:) generation, showed the dominant trait. Then he allowed the F
2855:
2672:
Pea soup is eaten in many other parts of the world, including
2290:
4845:(2). General College, University of Minnesota. Archived from
3992:"Peas-Western Oregon, Commercial Vegetable Production Guides"
3856:
3854:
3725:
3181:
2969:
of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that affects
2693:
2654:
2630:
2626:
2561:
2439:
2299:
1858:
1346:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1153:
974:
911:
776:
743:, vegetable or fodder crop, but the word often refers to the
197:
3211:
3188:
of pea plants, which are essential to the plants' supply of
3111:
inside the remaining plant parts, is released back into the
2318:
Snow peas and snap peas both belong to Macrocarpon Group, a
1812:
1098:
of them was presented before the King. They were shelled by
4245:. Vol. 2. Paris: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz.
4097:
3112:
3008:
2974:
2800:
2689:
2685:
2622:
2331:
2228:
Tall Telephone / Alderman, 75 days (heirloom, tall climber)
1198:
1040:
899:
890:
861:
744:
4415:, Albany: J.B Lyon Company, State Printers, archived from
3851:
3829:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
3648:
Histoires de légumes: Des origines à l'orée du XXIe siècle
1265:
of food energy, and are a rich source (20% or more of the
3115:. In the soil, the amino acids are converted to nitrate (
2586:
1888:
1376:
1258:
4891:"Mendel's pea crosses: varieties, traits and statistics"
4099:
2795:. Cooked peas are sometimes sold dried and coated with
2609:
Fresh green peas within a basket, in West Bengal, India
2545:) are used in stir-fried dishes, particularly those in
5304:
European Association for Grain Legume Research (AEP).
3367:
3155:
A variety of diseases affect peas through a number of
3070:), usable by (some) plants by the following reaction:
2888:'s observations of pea pods led to the principles of
2293:
1114:, they were still a luxurious delicacy in 1696, when
4462:
3949:
3207:
2521:
Fresh peas are often eaten boiled and flavored with
2296:
640:
C.O.Lehm. ex El-Gadi & al. (1987), nom. superfl.
4754:[Stem and Leaves Vegetables: Pea Sprouts].
4127:
4036:"Vegetable Cultivar Descriptions for North America"
3162:
Additionally, insects such as the pea leaf weevil (
3107:, all of its remaining nitrogen, incorporated into
2284:
2281:
2198:Homesteader / Lincoln, 67 days (heirloom, known as
1224:and constructing the singular form by dropping the
1212:. However, by analogy with other plurals ending in
992:improved their yield. In the early 3rd century BC,
829:shelled from a matured pod. These are the basis of
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5317:Neglected crops: 1492 from a different perspective
5109:Lawrence, John M.; Grant, D. R. (September 1963).
4731:"If You Like Almond Milk, You'll Love...Pea Milk?"
4438:
4105:
3865:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
3780:
2132:Woman picking peas in Mount Kenya Region of Kenya.
1122:each reported that they were "a fashion, a fury".
860: : ripe pods dehiscing to shed ripe seeds -
5315:Hernández Bermejo, J. E. & León, J., (1992).
4990:
4382:
3819:
3817:
2036:
1956:
1631:
1444:
930:Pea in a painting by Mateusz Tokarski, ca. 1795 (
6053:
4658:"Hungarian Pea Soup with Nokedli | Just a Taste"
4604:
4234:
4232:
4187:"Pea, Snap—Pisum sativum L. (Macrocarpon group)"
4132:, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 93–138,
2938:
2564:, fresh peas are used in various dishes such as
3646:Edict quoted in Michel Pitrat and Claude Four,
5049:"Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency"
3814:
1823:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
1311:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
5342:Oelke, E. A., Oplinger E. S., et al. (1991).
5188:
5186:
5108:
4953:
4229:
3779:
3421:
3011:. These bacteria have the special ability to
2831:
2714:
2704:
2598:, where there is a significant population of
1094:in January 1660, with some staged fanfare. A
2955:or convicilin as the most common allergens.
2837:
2653:, peas are roasted and salted, and eaten as
1073:
4549:"Classic Split Pea Soup History and Recipe"
4336:. Australia, Dept. of Agriculture and Food.
3908:
3592:, third edition. Oxford: University Press.
3054:Ammonia is then converted to another form,
2479:In modern times peas are usually boiled or
1157:
805:and is used as a compound form for example
664:(Govorov) Stankov (1949), not validly publ.
5183:
4794:
4682:
4385:The Complete Book of Fruits and Vegetables
3825:United States Food and Drug Administration
2810:is produced and sold as an alternative to
893:cultivars. The vining cultivars grow thin
163:
149:
5332:Muehlbauer, F. J. and Tullu, A., (1997).
5259:Agriculture and Rural Development website
5142:
4916:
4906:
4650:
4624:
4598:
3994:. Oregon State University. Archived from
3967:
3926:
3389:
3344:
3326:
3172:, but has spread to other places such as
1293:in moderate amounts (11-16% DV) (table).
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
5234:
5214:
4708:The Healthy & Smart Choice Advocates
4546:
4238:
4184:
3668:Quoted by Michel Pitrat and Claude Four.
3590:Domestication of Plants in the Old World
2875:
2854:
2821:
2612:
2604:
2509:
2470:
2382:
2374:
2238:
2127:
1039:
925:
866:
852:
5352:
5252:
5174:
4468:
4406:
4283:United States Department of Agriculture
4274:Germplasm Resources Information Network
3909:Ellis, T. H. N.; Poyser, S. J. (2002).
3705:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
3588:Zohary, Daniel and Hopf, Maria (2000).
2884:In the mid-19th century, Austrian monk
2768:, or cooked green split peas, known as
14:
6054:
5224:. University of Wisconsin - Extension.
5198:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. pp. 175-177.
4965:
4865:"h2g2 - The Garden Pea - Edited Entry"
4728:
4701:
4239:Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (1825).
4185:Stephens, James M. (5 November 2018).
3650:, "Le pois au cours des siècles" :353.
3454:"Pea Golden Podded - The Diggers Club"
3276:
3274:
3272:
3015:from atmospheric, molecular nitrogen (
1052:. In England, the distinction between
5398:
5397:
4829:
4685:"Onions come top for British palates"
4605:hungarianpaprika.net, Vida László -.
4436:
4409:"Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants"
3144:
2830:In East Asia, pea sprouts or shoots (
799:), the seeds from several species of
759:gave the species the scientific name
5882:9d0191e9-d7af-4327-815d-9256d275e905
4973:"Gregor Mendel - Father of Genetics"
4956:"Experiments in Plant Hybridization"
4863:Ltd, Not Panicking (December 2005).
4856:
4832:"The "Rediscovery" of Mendel's Work"
4383:Bianchini, F.; Corbetta, F. (1976),
4098:Vilmorin-Andrieux & Cie (1883).
3808:participating institution membership
2988:
500:Boiss. & Noë (1856), nom. illeg.
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
4999:Clinical & Experimental Allergy
4862:
4346:
4331:"Crop management Growing field pea"
4178:
3269:
1060:dates from the early 17th century:
769:pea). Some sources now treat it as
24:
5980:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60454055-2
4683:Wainwright, Martin (23 May 2005).
4579:. 29 December 2016. Archived from
4328:
3839:from the original on 27 March 2024
3758:
2395:is a type of pea sometimes called
2234:
1249:Raw green peas are 79% water, 14%
942:The wild pea is restricted to the
25:
6103:
5372:
4632:"Hungarian Pea Soup – Borsóleves"
4364:
4306:. Pulse Australia. Archived from
4072:. Pure Line Seeds. Archived from
3659:An account is in Toussaint-Samat.
2993:Peas, like many legumes, contain
2625:or simply eaten on their own. In
2621:Dried peas are often made into a
2213:Miragreen, 68 days (tall climber)
372:Garsault (1764), opus utique rej.
158:Peas are contained within a pod.
5499:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:501912-1
5195:Food Processing and Preservation
5011:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02085.x
4702:Enders, Missy (3 October 2016).
4372:. North Dakota State University.
3928:10.1046/j.0028-646X.2001.00302.x
3210:
2845:
2749:, pea soup is often served with
2570:(curried potatoes with peas) or
2277:
2161:Tom Thumb / Half Pint, 55 days (
1811:
1302:
720:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
704:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
632:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
624:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
600:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
592:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
468:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
460:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
428:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
412:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
404:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
388:Steud. (1841), not validly publ.
184:
41:
5298:
5273:
5253:Barkley, Shelley (2 May 2007).
5246:
5228:
5208:
5168:
5159:
5102:
5077:
5059:
5041:
4947:
4933:
4882:
4823:
4788:
4770:
4744:
4722:
4695:
4676:
4566:
4540:
4518:
4492:
4474:
4430:
4400:
4387:, New York: Crown, p. 40,
4376:
4358:
4340:
4322:
4296:
4249:
4204:
4153:
4121:
4062:
4053:
4028:
4002:
3984:
3943:
3902:
3890:from the original on 9 May 2024
3773:
3752:
3718:
3696:
3671:
3662:
3653:
3640:
3625:
3616:
3603:
3582:
3557:
2764:, dried, rehydrated and mashed
2557:within a few hours of harvest.
2188:Kelvedon Wonder, 65 days, 1997
2158:Alaska, 55 days (smooth seeded)
1069:
889:Peas have both low-growing and
52:needs additional citations for
5179:. Scientific American Library.
4704:"Are Wasabi Peas Good For You"
3535:
3502:
3472:
3446:
3398:
3361:
3294:
3130:
2850:
2817:
2136:
1239:
973:and western- and northwestern
848:
13:
1:
5283:. Royal horticultural Society
4729:Vrabel, Jeff (10 July 2016).
4445:, New York: Artisan, p.
4279:Agricultural Research Service
3545:. Royal Horticultural Society
3263:
3033:). The chemical reaction is:
2939:Potential for adverse effects
2370:
2178:Little Marvel, 63 days, 1934
1833:1,425 kJ (341 kcal)
1193:) 'pea'. It was adopted into
1102:, who had married a niece of
1100:the Savoyan comte de Soissons
1018:to supplement their rations.
990:Neolithic dawn of agriculture
947:
5235:Hagedorn, Donald J. (1974).
4304:"Field pea, (Pisum sativum)"
4010:"Growing Peas the Right Way"
3609:Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat,
3407:Man and the Biological World
2225:Recruit, 70 days, PMR, afila
2123:
2067:Percentages estimated using
1791:Percentages estimated using
1244:
1216:, speakers began construing
1189:
1177:
1143:
1037:, noted explicitly in 1124.
7:
6087:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
5067:"Favism - genetic disorder"
4977:naturalselection.0catch.com
3766:Online Etymology Dictionary
3203:
2892:, the foundation of modern
2715:
2705:
2466:
1784:Link to USDA Database entry
1232:. This process is known as
10:
6108:
5346:. University of Wisconsin.
4809:10.1038/s41576-022-00497-2
3726:
3418:. Retrieved on 2009-04-15.
3291:. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
3288:Plants of the World Online
3148:
3135:
2871:
2814:for a variety of reasons.
2356:pods and a French name of
2243:Handful of pea pods for a
2216:Serge, 68 days, PMR, afila
1321:339 kJ (81 kcal)
1183:
1181:), neuter variant form of
1171:
1072:, which the French called
1068:both mention garden peas.
921:
484:Asch. & Graebn. (1910)
29:
5522:
5406:
4908:10.1186/s41065-019-0111-y
4830:Moore, Randy (May 2001).
4138:10.1002/9780470650196.ch3
3969:10.1038/s41588-019-0480-1
3788:Oxford English Dictionary
3531:– via Google Books.
3410:Read Books. pp. 169–170.
2838:
2832:
2703:, the tender new growth
2185:Early Perfection, 65 days
2145:indicates some degree of
2081:
2066:
2058:
2045:
2024:
2020:
2016:
1999:
1982:
1965:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1925:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1857:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1822:
1810:
1790:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1731:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1679:
1666:
1653:
1640:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1598:
1585:
1572:
1555:
1539:
1522:
1505:
1488:
1453:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1413:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1310:
1301:
1257:, and contain negligible
343:
336:
318:
311:
181:Scientific classification
179:
171:
162:
157:
148:
143:
6077:Plants described in 1753
5218:Handbook of pea diseases
5215:Hagedorn, D. J. (1976).
4941:"ESP Classical Genetics"
4758:(in Traditional Chinese)
4547:Stradley, Linda (n.d.).
4212:"Definition of SNOW PEA"
4113:(in French) – via
3514:. CABI. 21 August 2017.
3328:10.1186/1471-2148-12-250
3307:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2547:American Chinese cuisine
2475:A basket of peas in pods
2387:Field pea plant in bloom
1297:Peas, green, raw (fresh)
996:mentions peas among the
5326:6 November 2018 at the
5261:. Government of Alberta
5237:Virus Diseases of Pea,
5192:Sivasankar, B. (2002).
5071:Encyclopædia Britannica
4504:Glossary: BBC Good Food
4482:"Product how-to guides"
4216:www.merriam-webster.com
3793:Oxford University Press
3742:A Greek–English Lexicon
2943:Some people experience
2461:
2171:Mr. Big, 60 days, 2000
2069:US recommendations
1806:Split peas, raw (dried)
1793:US recommendations
568:(Meikle) Greuter (1973)
5353:Bitting, A.W. (1909).
4954:Gregor Mendel (1865).
4553:What's Cooking America
4407:Hedrick, U.P. (1919),
4367:"Field Pea Production"
4130:Plant Breeding Reviews
3404:Rogers, Speed (2007).
2881:
2860:
2827:
2618:
2610:
2518:
2476:
2388:
2380:
2312:
2247:
2133:
2073:the National Academies
1797:the National Academies
1158:
1074:
1045:
939:
875:
864:
5085:"Biological Sciences"
5053:TheFreeDictionary.com
4165:TheFreeDictionary.com
4108:Les_Plantes_potagères
3733:Liddell, Henry George
2879:
2858:
2825:
2641:countries, including
2616:
2608:
2513:
2474:
2386:
2378:
2322:based on the variety
2242:
2131:
1931:Vitamins and minerals
1419:Vitamins and minerals
1043:
967:Harappan civilization
953:–4400 BC in the
929:
870:
856:
661:Pisum transcaucasicum
4852:on 16 February 2016.
4611:hungarianpaprika.net
4526:"Batani Gasi Recipe"
3613:, 2nd ed. 2009:38ff.
3480:"Purple podded peas"
3151:List of pea diseases
2947:to peas, as well as
2916:) generation. The F
2753:and spiced with hot
2222:Green Arrow, 70 days
2094:, five of which are
1152:originates from the
985:and southern India.
965:c. 2000 BC, in
843:early modern cuisine
524:Ser. ex Schur (1866)
61:improve this article
32:Pea (disambiguation)
5379:Sorting Pisum names
5336:Purdue University.
5127:10.1104/pp.38.5.561
4638:. 15 September 2013
4586:on 29 December 2016
4486:PCC Natural Markets
4076:on 17 February 2015
3791:(Online ed.).
3319:2012BMCEE..12..250S
2983:acute kidney injury
2933:theory of evolution
2803:, or other spices.
2782:fish and chip shops
2379:Pod 'Blue Schokker'
2195:Sabre, 65 days, PMR
2109:Medicago truncatula
1984:Pantothenic acid (B
1807:
1298:
1092:Louis XIV of France
1050:Early Modern Europe
1044:Worldwide pea yield
944:Mediterranean Basin
409:Pisum chlorospermum
5408:Lathyrus oleraceus
5384:USDA plant profile
4437:Kafka, B. (2005),
4310:on 4 November 2013
4040:Cuke.hort.ncsu.edu
3708:A Latin Dictionary
3634:Historia Plantarum
3543:"How to grow peas"
3511:Crop Plant Anatomy
3484:Glallotments.co.uk
3460:on 26 January 2012
3282:Lathyrus oleraceus
3145:Pests and diseases
2967:genetic deficiency
2945:allergic reactions
2890:Mendelian genetics
2882:
2861:
2828:
2786:Sodium bicarbonate
2780:, particularly in
2619:
2611:
2590:, particularly in
2519:
2477:
2389:
2381:
2315:, 'eat-all pea').
2248:
2134:
2090:consists of seven
1805:
1758:Other constituents
1296:
1228:, giving the term
1125:The world’s first
1046:
969:around modern-day
940:
876:
865:
807:Sturt's desert pea
772:Lathyrus oleraceus
529:Pisum macrospermum
457:Pisum excorticatum
425:Pisum coerulescens
353:Lathyrus schaeferi
322:Lathyrus oleraceus
174:Lathyrus oleraceus
6049:
6048:
5916:Open Tree of Life
5400:Taxon identifiers
5255:"Pea Leaf Weevil"
5005:(11): 1747–1753.
4664:. 21 January 2009
4636:Hungarian Tidbits
4456:978-1-57965-168-8
4394:978-0-517-52033-8
4354:. Oregon State U.
4191:edis.ifas.ufl.edu
4147:978-0-470-65019-6
3875:978-0-309-48834-1
3806:(Subscription or
3759:Harper, Douglas.
3611:A History of Food
3598:978-0-19-850356-9
3416:978-1-4067-3304-4
3391:10.3390/d16070365
3042:+ 8H + 8e → 2NH
2989:Nitrogen fixation
2859:Frozen green peas
2806:In North America
2413:Vigna unguiculata
2351:
2334:
2079:
2078:
2062:
2061:
1817:Yellow split peas
1803:
1802:
1748:
1747:
1127:sweet tasting pea
1004:mentions them in
797:Vigna unguiculata
765:in 1753 (meaning
747:or sometimes the
728:
727:
680:(L.) Mill. (1768)
605:Pisum saccharatum
576:(L.) Rchb. (1832)
521:Pisum macrocarpum
361:Pisum abyssinicum
304:L. oleraceus
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
6099:
6072:Fruit vegetables
6042:
6041:
6029:
6028:
6019:
6018:
6009:
6008:
5996:
5995:
5983:
5982:
5970:
5969:
5957:
5956:
5944:
5943:
5934:
5933:
5924:
5923:
5911:
5910:
5898:
5897:
5885:
5884:
5875:
5874:
5862:
5861:
5849:
5848:
5846:NBNSYS0000014224
5836:
5835:
5823:
5822:
5810:
5809:
5800:
5799:
5787:
5786:
5774:
5773:
5761:
5760:
5748:
5747:
5735:
5734:
5722:
5721:
5712:
5711:
5699:
5698:
5686:
5685:
5673:
5672:
5660:
5659:
5647:
5646:
5634:
5633:
5621:
5620:
5611:
5610:
5601:
5600:
5588:
5587:
5578:
5577:
5568:
5567:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5515:
5514:
5502:
5501:
5489:
5488:
5479:
5478:
5466:
5465:
5453:
5452:
5440:
5439:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5395:
5394:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5334:Pisum sativum L.
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5212:
5206:
5190:
5181:
5180:
5175:Smil, V (2000).
5172:
5166:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5146:
5115:Plant Physiology
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5089:Biology.ed.ac.uk
5081:
5075:
5074:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5045:
5039:
5038:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4920:
4910:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4836:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4585:
4578:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4444:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4112:
4103:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3998:on 3 April 2010.
3988:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3962:(9): 1411–1422.
3947:
3941:
3940:
3930:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3756:
3750:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3644:
3638:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3614:
3607:
3601:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3490:on 18 March 2011
3486:. Archived from
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3456:. Archived from
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3425:
3419:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3348:
3330:
3298:
3292:
3278:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3050:
3032:
3021:
2997:bacteria called
2979:hemolytic anemia
2841:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2718:
2708:
2617:Dried green peas
2505:Thomas Jefferson
2349:
2330:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2118:reference genome
2040:
2004:
1987:
1970:
1960:
1927:
1926:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1635:
1560:
1544:
1527:
1510:
1493:
1455:Vitamin A equiv.
1448:
1415:
1414:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1291:dietary minerals
1192:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1161:
1116:Mme de Maintenon
1104:Cardinal Mazarin
1090:to the court of
1077:
1031:Charles the Good
952:
949:
910:. Metal fences,
839:medieval cuisine
721:
717:Pisum zeylanicum
713:
705:
697:
693:Pisum variegatum
689:
681:
677:Pisum umbellatum
673:
665:
657:
649:
645:Pisum tetragonum
641:
633:
625:
617:
609:
601:
593:
585:
577:
569:
561:
557:Pisum prolificum
553:
545:
533:
525:
517:
513:Pisum leptolobum
509:
501:
493:
485:
477:
473:Pisum granulatum
469:
461:
453:
445:
437:
429:
421:
413:
405:
401:Pisum borussicum
397:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
324:
189:
188:
167:
153:
141:
140:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6037:
6032:
6024:
6022:
6014:
6012:
6004:
5999:
5991:
5986:
5978:
5973:
5965:
5960:
5952:
5947:
5939:
5937:
5929:
5927:
5919:
5914:
5906:
5903:Observation.org
5901:
5893:
5888:
5880:
5878:
5870:
5865:
5857:
5852:
5844:
5839:
5831:
5826:
5818:
5813:
5805:
5804:MichiganFlora:
5803:
5795:
5790:
5782:
5777:
5769:
5764:
5756:
5751:
5743:
5738:
5730:
5725:
5717:
5715:
5707:
5702:
5694:
5689:
5681:
5676:
5668:
5663:
5655:
5650:
5642:
5637:
5629:
5624:
5616:
5614:
5606:
5604:
5596:
5591:
5583:
5581:
5573:
5571:
5563:
5561:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5518:
5510:
5505:
5497:
5492:
5484:
5482:
5474:
5469:
5461:
5456:
5448:
5443:
5435:
5430:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5402:
5375:
5362:
5360:
5328:Wayback Machine
5301:
5296:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5264:
5262:
5251:
5247:
5233:
5229:
5221:
5213:
5209:
5191:
5184:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5107:
5103:
5093:
5091:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5047:
5046:
5042:
4995:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4887:
4883:
4873:
4871:
4861:
4857:
4849:
4834:
4828:
4824:
4793:
4789:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4735:
4733:
4727:
4723:
4713:
4711:
4700:
4696:
4681:
4677:
4667:
4665:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4641:
4639:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4576:
4574:"lansbladet.se"
4572:
4571:
4567:
4557:
4555:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4435:
4431:
4422:
4420:
4419:on 18 July 2011
4405:
4401:
4395:
4381:
4377:
4369:
4363:
4359:
4351:
4345:
4341:
4333:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4287:
4285:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4237:
4230:
4220:
4218:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4183:
4179:
4169:
4167:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4126:
4122:
4096:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4019:
4017:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3956:Nature Genetics
3948:
3944:
3915:New Phytologist
3907:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3876:
3859:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3822:
3815:
3805:
3797:
3795:
3778:
3774:
3757:
3753:
3747:Perseus Project
3723:
3719:
3713:Perseus Project
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3645:
3641:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3608:
3604:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3565:"Dry Field Pea"
3563:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3403:
3399:
3366:
3362:
3299:
3295:
3279:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3216:
3209:
3206:
3174:Alberta, Canada
3165:Sitona lineatus
3153:
3147:
3138:
3133:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3016:
2991:
2941:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2874:
2853:
2848:
2820:
2701:Chinese cuisine
2674:northern Europe
2639:Southeast Asian
2469:
2464:
2373:
2340:scientific name
2313:pois mange-tout
2280:
2276:
2237:
2235:Edible-pod peas
2139:
2126:
2084:
2053:
2041:
2011:
2002:
1994:
1985:
1977:
1968:
1961:
1932:
1921:
1916:
1897:
1892:
1853:
1848:
1818:
1786:
1781:
1739:
1726:
1713:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1648:
1636:
1606:
1593:
1580:
1567:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1525:
1517:
1508:
1500:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1449:
1420:
1409:
1404:
1385:
1380:
1341:
1336:
1285:, with several
1247:
1242:
1162:, which is the
1146:
1082:in the time of
981:appears in the
950:
932:National Museum
924:
851:
753:flowering plant
739:in Latin) is a
724:
719:
712:J.Jundz. (1830)
711:
703:
695:
687:
685:Pisum uniflorum
679:
672:R.Lesson (1835)
671:
663:
655:
653:Pisum thebaicum
647:
639:
631:
629:Pisum smyrnense
623:
621:Pisum sibiricum
615:
607:
599:
591:
583:
575:
573:Pisum quadratum
567:
559:
551:
543:
537:Pisum oleraceus
531:
523:
515:
507:
499:
491:
483:
475:
467:
459:
451:
443:
435:
427:
419:
417:Pisum coccineum
411:
403:
395:
387:
379:
371:
363:
356:Kosterin (2017)
355:
349:
348:
332:
326:
320:
307:
183:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6105:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6062:Edible legumes
6047:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6039:wfo-0000212718
6030:
6020:
6010:
5997:
5984:
5971:
5958:
5945:
5935:
5925:
5912:
5899:
5886:
5876:
5863:
5850:
5837:
5824:
5811:
5801:
5788:
5775:
5762:
5749:
5736:
5723:
5713:
5700:
5687:
5674:
5661:
5648:
5635:
5622:
5612:
5602:
5589:
5579:
5569:
5559:
5544:
5528:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5512:wfo-0000214337
5503:
5490:
5480:
5467:
5454:
5441:
5428:
5412:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5374:
5373:External links
5371:
5370:
5369:
5350:
5340:
5330:
5313:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5272:
5245:
5227:
5207:
5182:
5177:Cycles of Life
5167:
5158:
5121:(5): 561–566.
5101:
5076:
5058:
5040:
4989:
4964:
4946:
4932:
4881:
4855:
4822:
4803:(7): 447–452.
4787:
4769:
4743:
4721:
4694:
4675:
4649:
4623:
4597:
4565:
4539:
4517:
4491:
4473:
4461:
4455:
4441:Vegetable Love
4429:
4399:
4393:
4375:
4357:
4339:
4321:
4295:
4248:
4228:
4203:
4177:
4152:
4146:
4120:
4087:
4070:"Recruit Peas"
4061:
4052:
4027:
4001:
3983:
3942:
3901:
3874:
3850:
3813:
3772:
3751:
3717:
3695:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3639:
3631:Theophrastus,
3624:
3615:
3602:
3600:. pp. 105–107.
3581:
3556:
3534:
3520:
3501:
3471:
3445:
3420:
3397:
3360:
3293:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:Black-eyed pea
3223:
3222:
3221:
3205:
3202:
3149:Main article:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3090:
3089:
3076:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3018:
2990:
2987:
2940:
2937:
2929:Charles Darwin
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2873:
2870:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2819:
2816:
2774:fish and chips
2766:marrowfat peas
2762:United Kingdom
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2442:, followed by
2372:
2369:
2320:cultivar group
2265:
2264:
2258:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:Wando, 68 days
2217:
2214:
2211:
2196:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2165:, extra dwarf)
2159:
2147:powdery mildew
2138:
2135:
2125:
2122:
2100:submetacentric
2083:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1234:back-formation
1145:
1142:
1120:Mme de Sevigné
1110:and protected
1066:John Parkinson
923:
920:
916:self-pollinate
850:
847:
831:pease porridge
726:
725:
723:
722:
714:
706:
698:
696:C.Presl (1826)
690:
682:
674:
669:Pisum tuffetii
666:
658:
650:
642:
637:Pisum syriacum
634:
626:
618:
610:
602:
594:
586:
581:Pisum ramulare
578:
570:
562:
554:
546:
544:Golodk. (1935)
534:
526:
518:
510:
508:Schrank (1805)
505:Pisum jomardii
502:
494:
486:
481:Pisum hortense
478:
476:J.Lloyd (1844)
470:
462:
454:
446:
444:M.Bieb. (1808)
438:
436:Clavaud (1884)
430:
422:
414:
406:
398:
393:Pisum biflorum
390:
382:
374:
366:
364:A.Braun (1841)
358:
346:
345:
344:
341:
340:
334:
333:
327:
316:
315:
309:
308:
301:
299:
295:
294:
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
272:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
247:
240:
239:
234:
227:
226:
221:
214:
213:
208:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
177:
176:
169:
168:
160:
159:
155:
154:
146:
145:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6104:
6093:
6092:Founder crops
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6040:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6021:
6017:
6011:
6007:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5936:
5932:
5931:Pisum_sativum
5926:
5922:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5873:
5872:Pisum~sativum
5868:
5864:
5860:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5798:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5714:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5609:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5580:
5576:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5555:
5554:Pisum sativum
5549:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5524:Pisum sativum
5521:
5513:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5477:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5433:
5429:
5424:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5358:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5348:Dry Field Pea
5345:
5344:Dry Field Pea
5341:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5282:
5276:
5260:
5256:
5249:
5241:
5239:Pisum sativum
5238:
5231:
5220:
5219:
5211:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5187:
5178:
5171:
5162:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5105:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4993:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4957:
4950:
4942:
4936:
4928:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4885:
4870:
4866:
4859:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4797:Nat Rev Genet
4791:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4732:
4725:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4612:
4608:
4601:
4582:
4575:
4569:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4528:. 19 May 2014
4527:
4521:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4470:
4465:
4458:
4452:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4433:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4390:
4386:
4379:
4368:
4365:McKay, Kent.
4361:
4350:
4343:
4332:
4329:French, Bob.
4325:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4259:Pisum sativum
4252:
4244:
4243:
4235:
4233:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4192:
4188:
4181:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4102:
4094:
4092:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4056:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4016:. 21 May 2013
4015:
4011:
4005:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3905:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3857:
3855:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3809:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3783:
3776:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3737:Scott, Robert
3734:
3730:
3721:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3649:
3643:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3619:
3612:
3606:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3544:
3538:
3523:
3521:9781780640198
3517:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Dixie lee pea
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3180:. The weevil
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3152:
3142:
3128:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3098:plant protein
3095:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3057:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3025:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2963:Fava-bean-ism
2960:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2886:Gregor Mendel
2878:
2869:
2867:
2857:
2846:Manufacturing
2843:
2824:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2678:middle Europe
2675:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2663:pease pudding
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2573:mattar paneer
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2533:, salads and
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:North America
2498:
2494:
2490:
2487:. Along with
2486:
2482:
2473:
2459:
2457:
2456:United States
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2385:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:Pisum sativum
2359:
2355:
2348:
2344:
2343:Pisum sativum
2341:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:Pisum sativum
2321:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2006:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1869:Dietary fiber
1866:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:Carbohydrates
1840:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1514:
1512:
1507:Riboflavin (B
1504:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1459:beta-Carotene
1456:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1357:Dietary fiber
1354:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:Carbohydrates
1328:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:carbohydrates
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:pease pudding
1207:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1179:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1007:De re rustica
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
945:
937:
933:
928:
919:
917:
913:
909:
906:or sometimes
905:
901:
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
874:
873:Pisum sativum
869:
863:
859:
858:Pisum sativum
855:
846:
844:
840:
837:, staples of
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
815:
814:annual plants
810:
808:
804:
803:
798:
794:
790:
789:Cajanus cajan
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:
768:
764:
763:
762:Pisum sativum
758:
757:Carl Linnaeus
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:
732:
718:
715:
710:
709:Pisum vulgare
707:
702:
699:
694:
691:
688:Moench (1794)
686:
683:
678:
675:
670:
667:
662:
659:
656:Willd. (1814)
654:
651:
646:
643:
638:
635:
630:
627:
622:
619:
614:
613:Pisum sativum
611:
606:
603:
598:
597:Pisum rugosum
595:
590:
587:
582:
579:
574:
571:
566:
565:Pisum pumilio
563:
560:Steud. (1841)
558:
555:
552:Steud. (1841)
550:
549:Pisum praecox
547:
542:
538:
535:
532:Steud. (1841)
530:
527:
522:
519:
514:
511:
506:
503:
498:
495:
490:
487:
482:
479:
474:
471:
466:
465:Pisum fertile
463:
458:
455:
450:
447:
442:
441:Pisum elatius
439:
434:
433:Pisum commune
431:
426:
423:
420:Medik. (1787)
418:
415:
410:
407:
402:
399:
394:
391:
386:
385:Pisum baclium
383:
378:
377:Pisum arvense
375:
370:
367:
362:
359:
354:
351:
350:
342:
339:
335:
330:
325:
323:
317:
314:
313:Binomial name
310:
306:
305:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
271:
268:
265:
264:
261:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:Tracheophytes
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
187:
182:
178:
175:
170:
166:
161:
156:
152:
147:
142:
139:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6082:Plant models
5523:
5407:
5361:. Retrieved
5355:
5343:
5333:
5316:
5305:
5299:Bibliography
5285:. Retrieved
5275:
5263:. Retrieved
5258:
5248:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5217:
5210:
5194:
5176:
5170:
5161:
5118:
5114:
5104:
5092:. Retrieved
5088:
5079:
5070:
5061:
5052:
5043:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4980:. Retrieved
4976:
4967:
4949:
4935:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4872:. Retrieved
4868:
4858:
4847:the original
4842:
4838:
4825:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4781:
4772:
4760:. Retrieved
4755:
4746:
4734:. Retrieved
4724:
4712:. Retrieved
4707:
4697:
4689:The Guardian
4688:
4678:
4666:. Retrieved
4662:Just a Taste
4661:
4652:
4640:. Retrieved
4635:
4626:
4614:. Retrieved
4610:
4600:
4588:. Retrieved
4581:the original
4568:
4556:. Retrieved
4552:
4542:
4530:. Retrieved
4520:
4508:. Retrieved
4503:
4494:
4485:
4476:
4471:, p. 5.
4469:Bitting 1909
4464:
4440:
4432:
4421:, retrieved
4417:the original
4412:
4402:
4384:
4378:
4360:
4347:Sattell, R.
4342:
4324:
4312:. Retrieved
4308:the original
4298:
4286:. Retrieved
4272:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4241:
4219:. Retrieved
4215:
4206:
4194:. Retrieved
4190:
4180:
4168:. Retrieved
4164:
4155:
4129:
4123:
4107:
4101:"Pois"
4078:. Retrieved
4074:the original
4064:
4055:
4043:. Retrieved
4039:
4030:
4018:. Retrieved
4013:
4004:
3996:the original
3986:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3921:(1): 17–25.
3918:
3914:
3904:
3892:. Retrieved
3864:
3841:. Retrieved
3832:
3796:. Retrieved
3786:
3775:
3764:
3754:
3740:
3720:
3706:
3698:
3686:. Retrieved
3682:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3647:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3618:
3610:
3605:
3589:
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3568:
3559:
3547:. Retrieved
3537:
3525:. Retrieved
3510:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3488:the original
3483:
3474:
3462:. Retrieved
3458:the original
3448:
3436:. Retrieved
3432:
3423:
3406:
3400:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3363:
3310:
3306:
3296:
3286:
3281:
3194:
3186:root nodules
3184:feed on the
3163:
3161:
3154:
3139:
3102:
3091:
3053:
3013:fix nitrogen
3009:root systems
3005:root nodules
2998:
2992:
2962:
2957:
2942:
2922:
2898:
2883:
2862:
2829:
2805:
2793:pasteurizing
2790:
2759:
2740:
2721:
2698:
2671:
2620:
2585:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2537:. Pod peas (
2520:
2485:bioavailable
2478:
2424:grain legume
2421:
2417:
2412:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2366:macrocarpum.
2365:
2361:
2357:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2249:
2231:
2199:
2150:
2149:resistance;
2142:
2140:
2107:
2085:
2037:
2032:
2025:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1911:
1887:
1843:
1762:
1757:
1632:
1627:
1620:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1399:
1375:
1331:
1248:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1164:latinisation
1149:
1147:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1020:
1005:
994:Theophrastus
987:
983:Ganges Basin
941:
907:
903:
888:
877:
872:
857:
811:
800:
796:
788:
783:such as the
771:
770:
761:
760:
735:
734:
730:
729:
716:
708:
701:Pisum viride
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
660:
652:
648:Pasq. (1867)
644:
636:
628:
620:
612:
608:Rchb. (1832)
604:
596:
589:Pisum roseum
588:
584:Rchb. (1832)
580:
572:
564:
556:
548:
540:
536:
528:
520:
516:Rchb. (1832)
512:
504:
497:Pisum humile
496:
492:Mill. (1768)
489:Pisum humile
488:
480:
472:
464:
456:
449:Pisum elatum
448:
440:
432:
424:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
321:
319:
303:
302:
290:
243:
230:
217:
204:
173:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
5828:NatureServe
5753:iNaturalist
5548:Wikispecies
5287:21 February
4782:madehow.com
4756:香港食物規格資料庫網站
4668:11 December
4642:11 December
4616:11 December
4558:10 November
4423:26 February
4349:"Field Pea"
4288:15 February
4267:macrocarpum
4221:15 February
4196:15 February
4170:15 February
4161:"sugar pea"
4080:28 February
3679:"Pea Facts"
3637:, VIII.i.4.
3549:21 February
3218:Food portal
3131:Cultivation
3109:amino acids
3094:amino acids
2902:yellow peas
2880:Pea flowers
2851:Frozen peas
2826:Pea sprouts
2818:Pea sprouts
2676:, parts of
2647:Philippines
2497:Middle Ages
2489:broad beans
2347:saccharatum
2328:macrocarpum
2208:New Zealand
2137:Garden peas
2096:acrocentric
2092:chromosomes
1967:Thiamine (B
1490:Thiamine (B
1267:Daily Value
1240:Composition
1112:under glass
1062:John Gerard
1058:garden peas
1033:, count of
1029:at bay, as
1023:Middle Ages
979:legume crop
963:Afghanistan
951: 4800
871:Flowers of
849:Description
452:Ser. (1825)
396:Raf. (1810)
369:Pisum album
276:Subfamily:
224:Angiosperms
172:Pea plant:
6056:Categories
5949:Plant List
5615:Calflora:
5423:Q109902416
5281:"Pea moth"
5204:8120320867
4901:(33): 33.
4752:"莖葉類蔬菜：豆苗"
4261:L. subsp.
4115:Wikisource
4020:3 February
3810:required.)
3569:Purdue.edu
3433:Purdue.edu
3384:(7): 365.
3313:(1): 250.
3264:References
3079:+ H → NH
2770:mushy peas
2567:aloo matar
2535:casseroles
2516:fried rice
2397:P. sativum
2371:Field peas
2358:petit pois
2200:Greenfeast
1694:Phosphorus
1467:zeaxanthin
1287:B vitamins
1273:(48% DV),
1134:split peas
1075:mange-tout
1070:Sugar peas
1054:field peas
955:Nile delta
904:pea sticks
818:life cycle
785:pigeon pea
767:cultivated
117:March 2017
87:newspapers
5709:200012282
5696:200012282
5135:0032-0889
5094:21 August
5019:0954-7894
4982:21 August
4895:Hereditas
4874:21 August
4691:. London.
4590:21 August
4045:21 August
3937:1469-8137
3683:Yes Peas!
3574:21 August
3527:21 August
3494:21 August
3438:21 August
3378:Diversity
3337:1471-2148
3247:Sweet pea
3232:Black pea
3157:pathogens
3007:of their
2995:symbiotic
2925:recessive
2866:blanching
2778:meat pies
2751:dumplings
2637:and some
2543:snap peas
2539:snow peas
2527:spearmint
2452:Australia
2432:livestock
2405:cultivars
2393:field pea
2273:mangetout
2269:sugar pea
2267:The name
2261:Snap peas
2255:Snow peas
2204:Australia
2124:Varieties
2088:karyotype
2001:Folate (B
1707:Potassium
1681:Manganese
1668:Magnesium
1600:Vitamin K
1587:Vitamin E
1574:Vitamin C
1557:Folate (B
1541:Vitamin B
1524:Niacin (B
1283:manganese
1275:vitamin K
1271:vitamin C
1269:, DV) of
1245:Nutrition
1208:), as in
1148:The term
1144:Etymology
1002:Columella
908:pea brush
880:vegetable
827:split pea
823:snow peas
816:, with a
812:Peas are
755:species.
616:L. (1753)
541:govorovii
380:L. (1753)
298:Species:
280:Faboideae
194:Kingdom:
6067:Lathyrus
6013:VASCAN:
6006:13031856
6001:Tropicos
5954:ild-7792
5928:PalDat:
5867:NSWFlora
5833:2.153130
5784:11310193
5771:514624-1
5605:BioLib:
5533:Wikidata
5476:501912-1
5417:Wikidata
5389:Foodcomp
5324:Archived
5321:Contents
5153:16655833
5035:24690605
5027:15544600
4927:31695583
4869:H2g2.com
4839:Bioscene
4817:35595848
4314:11 April
3978:31477930
3888:Archived
3884:30844154
3843:28 March
3837:Archived
3827:(2024).
3798:2 August
3688:13 March
3355:23267563
3257:Pea moth
3237:Chickpea
3204:See also
3197:pea moth
3190:nitrogen
3056:ammonium
3000:Rhizobia
2894:genetics
2812:cow milk
2808:pea milk
2716:dòu miáo
2706:dou miao
2667:pea soup
2651:Malaysia
2643:Thailand
2596:Trinidad
2555:freezing
2531:pot pies
2514:Peas in
2467:Culinary
2454:and the
2245:stir fry
2163:heirloom
2114:soybeans
2098:and two
2086:The pea
2033:Quantity
2027:Minerals
1953:Quantity
1947:Vitamins
1763:Quantity
1628:Quantity
1622:Minerals
1551:0.169 mg
1518:0.132 mg
1501:0.266 mg
1441:Quantity
1435:Vitamins
1279:thiamine
1263:calories
1204:(plural
1084:Henri IV
1035:Flanders
971:Pakistan
895:tendrils
884:climates
835:pea soup
802:Lathyrus
781:Fabaceae
751:of this
347:Synonymy
338:Synonyms
291:Lathyrus
270:Fabaceae
266:Family:
237:Eudicots
5815:MoBotPF
5732:5347845
5639:Ecocrop
5463:5347846
5265:5 April
4918:6823958
4762:5 March
4736:13 July
4714:24 June
4710:. HESCA
4510:25 July
4263:sativum
3894:21 June
3745:at the
3464:24 July
3346:3547781
3315:Bibcode
3136:Grading
3105:harvest
3024:ammonia
3022:) into
3003:within
2965:, is a
2953:vicilin
2951:, with
2949:lentils
2872:Science
2760:In the
2755:paprika
2743:Hungary
2728:Tunisia
2600:Indians
2582:Kannada
2551:canning
2525:and/or
2493:lentils
2481:steamed
2401:arvense
2399:subsp.
2307:; from
2190:RHS AGM
1913:Protein
1740:1.24 mg
1688:0.41 mg
1662:1.47 mg
1642:Calcium
1607:24.8 μg
1594:0.13 mg
1535:2.09 mg
1483:2477 μg
1401:Protein
1340:14.45 g
1255:protein
1197:as the
1195:English
1166:of the
1132:Modern
1080:Holland
1021:In the
1012:Numidia
998:legumes
959:Georgia
922:History
791:), the
286:Genus:
260:Fabales
256:Order:
198:Plantae
101:scholar
5993:106216
5962:PLANTS
5921:359905
5879:NZOR:
5820:280471
5745:300472
5716:FoIO:
5683:172040
5657:703192
5598:116914
5585:147773
5582:APDB:
5562:AoFP:
5539:Q25237
5450:171035
5202:
5151:
5144:549973
5141:
5133:
5033:
5025:
5017:
4925:
4915:
4815:
4500:"Peas"
4453:
4391:
4144:
4110:
3976:
3935:
3882:
3872:
3596:
3518:
3414:
3353:
3343:
3335:
3252:Cowpea
3182:larvae
3178:thorax
3170:Europe
2959:Favism
2797:wasabi
2747:Serbia
2736:Cyprus
2732:Turkey
2724:Greece
2682:Russia
2659:pansit
2655:snacks
2645:, the
2635:Taiwan
2594:, and
2592:Guyana
2578:paneer
2523:butter
2448:Europe
2444:Canada
2436:Russia
2428:Turkey
2409:cowpea
2354:terete
2309:French
2192:winner
2182:winner
2175:winner
2082:Genome
2012:274 μg
1995:1.7 mg
1978:0.7 mg
1859:Sugars
1829:Energy
1720:Sodium
1714:244 mg
1701:108 mg
1480:449 μg
1464:lutein
1408:5.42 g
1351:5.67 g
1347:Sugars
1317:Energy
1281:, and
1222:plural
1206:peasen
1108:manure
1096:hamper
1027:famine
936:Warsaw
891:vining
793:cowpea
331:(1779)
250:Rosids
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
6023:WoI:
5967:PISA6
5938:PFI:
5890:NZPCN
5797:26867
5779:IRMNG
5758:54522
5719:pisum
5678:EUNIS
5670:PIBSX
5631:77MMF
5608:40003
5572:APA:
5483:PFI:
5445:EUNIS
5437:3SKYG
5363:6 May
5222:(PDF)
5031:S2CID
4959:(PDF)
4850:(PDF)
4835:(PDF)
4584:(PDF)
4577:(PDF)
4532:2 May
4506:. BBC
4370:(PDF)
4352:(PDF)
4334:(PDF)
4265:var.
3804:
3782:"pea"
3761:"pea"
3727:πίσος
3703:pisum
3429:"Pea"
3372:Pisum
2975:beans
2961:, or
2694:India
2631:China
2627:Japan
2562:India
2440:China
2364:var.
2345:var.
2326:var.
2151:afila
1769:Water
1675:33 mg
1649:25 mg
1581:40 mg
1568:65 μg
1475:38 μg
1384:0.4 g
1361:5.1 g
1253:, 5%
1220:as a
1218:pease
1202:pease
1190:pisos
1184:πίσος
1178:pison
1172:πίσον
1168:Greek
1159:pisum
1156:word
1154:Latin
1088:Genoa
1016:Judea
975:India
912:twine
900:trees
777:fruit
741:pulse
736:pisum
539:var.
244:Clade
231:Clade
218:Clade
205:Clade
108:JSTOR
94:books
76:"Pea"
6016:5889
5975:POWO
5941:2512
5908:7201
5895:3012
5859:3888
5854:NCBI
5807:1340
5792:ITIS
5766:IPNI
5740:GRIN
5727:GBIF
5665:EPPO
5644:1721
5618:6544
5593:APNI
5575:2036
5565:1795
5494:POWO
5486:2512
5471:IPNI
5458:GBIF
5365:2024
5289:2021
5267:2009
5200:ISBN
5149:PMID
5131:ISSN
5096:2017
5023:PMID
5015:ISSN
4984:2017
4923:PMID
4876:2017
4813:PMID
4764:2021
4738:2016
4716:2018
4670:2019
4644:2019
4618:2019
4592:2017
4560:2023
4534:2020
4512:2019
4451:ISBN
4425:2010
4389:ISBN
4316:2019
4290:2020
4269:Ser"
4223:2020
4198:2020
4172:2020
4142:ISBN
4082:2015
4047:2017
4022:2021
4014:Grit
3974:PMID
3933:ISSN
3896:2024
3880:PMID
3870:ISBN
3845:2024
3800:2018
3690:2024
3594:ISBN
3576:2017
3551:2021
3529:2017
3516:ISBN
3496:2017
3466:2018
3440:2017
3412:ISBN
3351:PMID
3333:ISSN
3284:Lam.
3195:The
3113:soil
2971:Jews
2801:salt
2745:and
2692:and
2690:Iraq
2686:Iran
2649:and
2623:soup
2541:and
2491:and
2462:Uses
2438:and
2391:The
2350:Ser.
2338:The
2332:Ser.
2206:and
2112:and
2054:4 mg
2047:Iron
1920:25 g
1873:26 g
1852:60 g
1772:79 g
1733:Zinc
1727:5 mg
1655:Iron
1289:and
1199:noun
1118:and
1064:and
1056:and
1014:and
862:MHNT
833:and
745:seed
329:Lam.
144:Pea
80:news
18:Peas
6034:WFO
6026:600
5988:RHS
5841:NBN
5704:FoC
5691:FNA
5652:EoL
5626:CoL
5507:WFO
5432:CoL
5338:Pea
5306:Pea
5139:PMC
5123:doi
5007:doi
4913:PMC
4903:doi
4899:156
4805:doi
4447:297
4134:doi
3964:doi
3923:doi
3919:153
3833:FDA
3711:on
3386:doi
3341:PMC
3323:doi
3046:+ H
2977:is
2931:'s
2839:완두순
2776:or
2741:In
2722:In
2699:In
2587:dal
2560:In
2553:or
2202:in
2180:AAS
2173:AAS
2143:PMR
2052:22%
2038:%DV
2010:69%
1993:34%
1976:58%
1958:%DV
1896:1 g
1889:Fat
1863:8 g
1738:11%
1686:18%
1633:%DV
1605:21%
1579:44%
1566:16%
1549:10%
1533:13%
1516:10%
1499:22%
1446:%DV
1377:Fat
1259:fat
1230:pea
1150:pea
934:in
749:pod
731:Pea
63:by
6058::
6036::
6003::
5990::
5977::
5964::
5951::
5918::
5905::
5892::
5869::
5856::
5843::
5830::
5817::
5794::
5781::
5768::
5755::
5742::
5729::
5706::
5693::
5680::
5667::
5654::
5641::
5628::
5595::
5550::
5535::
5509::
5496::
5473::
5460::
5447::
5434::
5419::
5308:.
5257:.
5185:^
5147:.
5137:.
5129:.
5119:38
5117:.
5113:.
5087:.
5069:.
5051:.
5029:.
5021:.
5013:.
5003:34
5001:.
4975:.
4921:.
4911:.
4897:.
4893:.
4867:.
4843:27
4841:.
4837:.
4811:.
4801:23
4799:.
4780:.
4706:.
4687:.
4660:.
4634:.
4609:.
4551:.
4502:.
4484:.
4449:,
4411:,
4281:,
4277:.
4271:.
4231:^
4214:.
4189:.
4163:.
4140:,
4104:.
4090:^
4038:.
4012:.
3972:.
3960:51
3958:.
3954:.
3931:.
3917:.
3913:.
3886:.
3878:.
3853:^
3835:.
3831:.
3816:^
3785:.
3763:.
3739:;
3735:;
3731:.
3681:.
3567:.
3482:.
3431:.
3382:16
3380:.
3376:.
3349:.
3339:.
3331:.
3321:.
3311:12
3309:.
3305:.
3271:^
3117:NO
3100:.
3075:NH
3060:NH
3028:NH
2985:.
2836:;
2833:豆苗
2799:,
2784:.
2757:.
2734:,
2730:,
2726:,
2713:;
2711:豆苗
2696:.
2688:,
2684:,
2680:,
2669:.
2633:,
2629:,
2602:.
2503:.
2450:,
2446:,
2311::
2300:uː
2288:ɒ̃
2104:Gb
1725:0%
1712:8%
1699:9%
1673:8%
1660:8%
1647:2%
1592:1%
1478:4%
1473:4%
1277:,
1236:.
1226:-s
1214:-s
948:c.
918:.
845:.
809:.
246::
233::
220::
207::
5367:.
5312:.
5291:.
5269:.
5155:.
5125::
5098:.
5073:.
5055:.
5037:.
5009::
4986:.
4961:.
4943:.
4929:.
4905::
4878:.
4819:.
4807::
4784:.
4766:.
4740:.
4718:.
4672:.
4646:.
4620:.
4594:.
4562:.
4536:.
4514:.
4488:.
4318:.
4292:.
4257:"
4225:.
4200:.
4174:.
4136::
4117:.
4084:.
4049:.
4024:.
3980:.
3966::
3939:.
3925::
3898:.
3847:.
3802:.
3769:.
3749:.
3715:.
3692:.
3578:.
3553:.
3498:.
3468:.
3442:.
3394:.
3388::
3374:"
3357:.
3325::
3317::
3123:3
3120:−
3085:4
3082:+
3077:3
3066:4
3063:+
3058:(
3048:2
3044:3
3040:2
3038:N
3030:3
3026:(
3019:2
3017:N
2918:2
2914:2
2910:1
2906:1
2709:(
2576:(
2411:(
2303:/
2297:t
2294:ˌ
2291:ʒ
2285:m
2282:ˈ
2279:/
2275:(
2210:)
2075:.
2005:)
2003:9
1988:)
1986:5
1971:)
1969:1
1799:.
1561:)
1559:9
1543:6
1528:)
1526:3
1511:)
1509:2
1494:)
1492:1
1187:(
1175:(
938:)
795:(
787:(
733:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
