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To create sound, the pattern playback machine uses an arc light source which is directed against a rotating disk with 50 concentric tracks whose transparencies vary systematically in order to produce 50 harmonics of a fundamental frequency. The light is further projected against a
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GT-40 display processor for graphic manipulation of the displayed spectrogram, a form of "synthesis by art", and subsequent re-synthesis using a 40 channel filter bank. This hybrid hardware/software digital pattern playback was eventually replaced at
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in the late 1940s and completed in 1950. There were several different versions of this hardware device. Only one currently survives. The machine converts pictures of the acoustic patterns of speech in the form of a
187:, whose reflectance corresponds to the sound pressure level of the partial of the signal, and is then directed towards a photovoltaic cell by which the light variation is converted into sound pressure variations.
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Cooper, Franklin S., Delattre, Pierre C., Liberman, A. M., Borst, J. M. & Gerstman, L. J., Some experiments on the perception of synthetic speech sounds.
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Cooper, F.S., Liberman, A. M., & Borst, J. M., The interconversion of audible and visible patterns as a basis for research in the perception of speech.
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In the 1970s, digital pattern playbacks began to supplant the earlier version. An early prototype was developed by
Patrick Nye,
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Remez, Robert E., Adaptation of the category boundary between speech and nonspeech: A case against feature detectors.
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T. Arai, K. Yasu and T. Goto, Digital pattern playback: Converting spectrograms to sound for educational purposes,
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The technique of pattern playback also now refers, more generally, to algorithms or techniques for converting
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segments (consonants and vowels). This research was fundamental to the development of modern techniques of
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435:. Washington, D.C.: Institute of Languages and Linguistics, Georgetown University, 1953, 46-53.
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395:【1950 | Pattern Playback Machine】 Dr. Franklin S. Cooper - An Early Talking Device in 1950
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family of computers. A more modern version has been described by Arai and colleagues
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Report of the fourth annual round table meeting on linguistics and language teaching
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J. M. Borst, The use of spectrograms for speech analysis and synthesis,
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Cooper, Franklin S., Some instrumental aids to research on speech. In
216:. Pioneering technology in psycholinguistics (CBS Television. 1953).
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Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE Systems, Man and
Cybernetics Conference
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Liberman, Alvin M., Some results of research on speech perception.
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The pattern playback was last used in an experimental study by
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in 1976. The pattern playback now resides in the Museum at
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T. Arai, K. Yasu and T. Goto, Digital pattern playback,
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
469:Malcolm Slaney, Pattern Playback in the 90's, in
122:is an early talking device that was built by Dr.
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447:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
426:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
126:and his colleagues, including John M. Borst and
419:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
235:for automatic spectral analysis, along with a
232:. It combined a "Ubiquitous Spectrum Analyzer"
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365:"History of speech synthesis, 1770 - 1970"
466:. October 22–25, 1995, Vancouver, Canada.
248:analysis and display system, designed by
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
263:. An on-line demonstration is available
147:, and Pierre Delattre (later joined by
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462:. Pattern Playback from 1950 to 1995.
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139:back into sound. Using this device,
44:adding citations to reliable sources
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478:Proc. Autumn Meet. Acoust. Soc. Jpn
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831:Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips
212:A demonstration is in the TV show
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311:Motor theory of speech perception
177:motor theory of speech perception
908:Speech Synthesis Markup Language
569:Festival Speech Synthesis System
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670:Microsoft text-to-speech voices
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31:needs additional citations for
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485:Acoust. Sci. & Tech.
220:Digital pattern playback
149:Katherine Safford Harris
997:Concatenative synthesis
882:Microsoft Speech Server
751:NIAONiao Virtual Singer
992:Articulatory synthesis
946:Franklin Seaney Cooper
487:, 27(6), 393-395, 2006
341:"Haskins Laboratories"
200:New Haven, Connecticut
961:Wolfgang von Kempelen
741:CeVIO Creative Studio
700:CeVIO Creative Studio
583:Automatik Text Reader
252:, and implemented in
956:Haskins Laboratories
665:Microsoft Speech API
454:Cognitive Psychology
449:, 1957, 29, 117-123.
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421:, 1951, 37, 318-325.
281:Haskins Laboratories
242:Haskins Laboratories
230:Haskins Laboratories
228:, and colleagues at
196:Haskins Laboratories
132:Haskins Laboratories
40:improve this article
1048:American inventions
1058:Speech recognition
966:Ignatius Mattingly
456:, 1979, 11, 38-57.
440:J. Audio Eng. Soc.
173:speech recognition
124:Franklin S. Cooper
55:"Pattern playback"
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169:speech perception
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51:Find sources:
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29:This article
27:
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18:
17:
1022:Self-voicing
971:Philip Rubin
850:Applications
815:
811:Mockingboard
640:Amazon Polly
623:Proprietary
484:
477:
470:
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412:Bibliography
399:, retrieved
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377:. Retrieved
373:the original
368:
359:
348:. Retrieved
344:
335:
301:Philip Rubin
296:Robert Remez
250:Philip Rubin
226:Philip Rubin
223:
213:
211:
207:spectrograms
204:
192:Robert Remez
189:
181:
153:Leigh Lisker
145:Frank Cooper
119:
117:
102:
96:October 2016
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
951:Gunnar Fant
929:Researchers
927:Developers/
867:Dr. Sbaitso
675:Readspeaker
554:Gnopernicus
306:Spectrogram
185:spectrogram
137:spectrogram
1042:Categories
892:Voice font
857:AOLbyPhone
756:PPG Phonem
746:Chipspeech
685:CoolSpeech
401:2023-02-26
379:2016-10-21
369:Ling.su.se
350:2016-10-21
327:References
66:newspapers
1053:Phonetics
901:Protocols
887:PlainTalk
731:Alter/Ego
710:LaLaVoice
705:Voiceroid
599:eCantorix
559:Gnuspeech
214:Adventure
918:VoiceXML
862:DialogOS
781:Vocaloid
776:Vocalina
761:Realivox
695:CereProc
655:Talk It!
633:Speaking
625:software
549:eSpeakNG
538:Speaking
270:See also
157:phonetic
985:Process
806:Echo II
799:Machine
786:Xiaoice
724:Singing
645:DECtalk
592:Singing
578:FreeTTS
256:on the
254:Fortran
244:by the
80:scholar
1002:Currah
976:Yamaha
872:MBROLA
821:Phasor
736:Cantor
545:eSpeak
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1012:PSOLA
913:SABLE
841:TuVox
715:15.ai
690:IVONA
609:Sinsy
573:Flite
246:HADES
130:, at
87:JSTOR
73:books
826:RIAS
771:UTAU
564:Orca
171:and
118:The
59:news
258:VAX
237:VAX
198:in
42:by
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