370:(598 CE) and Bhaskara – II (1114 CE) and others, with real observations of celestial objects in the night sky. Although traditional Indian astronomy had veered more toward astrology, focusing more on future predictions based on planetary positions and the preparation of auspicious almanacs for rituals, Samanta focused minutely on the mathematical calculations and observational facts that went into these predictions. When he found discrepancies, he designed his own instruments to measure the phenomena, using everyday materials such as wood and bamboo!
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However, the general public is mostly unaware of this brilliant astronomer who observed the universe with only the naked eye, as well as of the incredible scientific advances he accomplished with only a few pieces of bamboo and wood and the sheer force of his brilliance. He deserves to be celebrated
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Samanta was a self-taught astronomer and learned by reading the books available at the Royal
Library until age 15. During his research, Samanta designed many of his instruments by using everyday materials such as wooden sticks and bamboo. After studying mathematics and traditional astronomy he used
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to calculate distance, height, and time. There are many local tales of
Samanta measuring the height at which birds fly, finding the height of trees, and persons using the length of shadows and calculating the distance and height of mountains from his fixed location using an instrument he invented
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He was home-schooled by his father, who introduced him to the joys of night star-gazing, and later by a
Brahmin teacher, who gave him a basic education in both Odia and Sanskrit. By the age of 15, he had become a self-learner, referring to the books available in the royal library. Samanta was a
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He was the only Indian astronomer who discovered all three irregularities of the moon independently of
European astronomers, which were unknown to ancient Indian astronomers. He continued to teach and attracted pupils worldwide despite his persistent health problems and
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after him; and dedicating educational institutions, scholarships, and amateur astronomy clubs to his memory. Astronomers and astrophysicists both in India and beyond have praised his work, earning him the moniker
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He used his own versions of the sundial and imprsundialater clocks to measure time. Here are a few sketches of these instruments from the article published by Prof P.C. Naik and Prof. L Satpathy in the
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The treatises
Samanta was referring to had only clues to the observational devices used, so he decided to make his own measuring instruments made of locally available bamboo and wood. They used basic
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with a bamboo pipe, and traditional instruments. He was born on 13 December 1835 in
Purnimanta Pousha Krishna Ashtami, and died on 11 June 1904 in Purnimanta Adhika Jyeshtha Krishna Trayodashi.
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in 1893 and awarded him a pension of Rs 50 per month for his contributions to astronomy after he correctly predicted the time and place of a solar eclipse that was visible only in
Britain.
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still adheres to the calendar rules he suggested for carrying out its ceremonies. The
British government, which ruled India during Samanta's lifetime, conferred upon him the title of
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states that he was born to a royal couple the loss of many children, leaving them yearning for a healthy child. Hence, soon after his birth, he was given away in adoption to a
358:. It was during this time that he pursued mathematics and traditional astronomy, and started matching predictions made by ancient Indian mathematician-astronomers such as
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During his youth time, Samanta measured the length of the shadows throughout the day by using bamboo and wood to create measuring instruments, which he called
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He carried out research in measurements using only a bamboo pipe and two wooden sticks. His findings were recorded in his book titled
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and were mentioned in the
European and American press in 1899. Samanta's calculations were eventually used in the preparation of
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Sriram, M. S.; Ramasubramanian, K.; Srinivas, M. D. (2002). "Samanta
Chandra Sekhara and His Treatise Siddhantadarpana.".
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just like Aryabhatta, Bhaskara, and others - probably as the last torch bearer of the Indian traditional astronomy.
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Samanta received the title "Harichandan Mahapatra" from the Gajapati King of Puri in 1870, and the revered
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fakir to ward off the evil eye, a belief that was strongly prevalent at the time. In remembrance of the
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Satpathy, L., ed. (2003). "Samanta Chandra Sekhar and his Contributions to Ancient Indian Astronomy.".
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his knowledge to match predictions made by ancient Indian mathematicians and astronomers such as
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has kept his legacy relevant by displaying his work in the state museum, naming the
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in 1893, for his usage of traditional instruments for astronomical observations.
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526:[mɔhamɔhoːpadʰjajɒt͜ʃɔndroseːkʰɔrsiŋhohorit͜ʃɔndoːnmɔhapatroːsamoːntoː]
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and to ward off bad omens, the couple nicknamed their son 'Pathani'.
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Mahamahopadhyaya Chandrasekhara Singha Harichandana Mahapatra Samanta
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Ancient Indian Astronomy and Contributions of Samanta Chandra Sekhar
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500 years of Tantrasangraha: a landmark in the history of astronomy
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His research and observations were compiled into a book called
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Mahamahopadhyaya Chandrasekhara Singha Harichandana Mahapatra
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520:ମହାମହୋପାଧ୍ୟାୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଶେଖର ସିଂହ ହରିଚନ୍ଦନ ମହାପାତ୍ର ସାମନ୍ତ;
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Indian astronomer, mathematician and scholar (1835-1904)
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voracious reader and devoured classical treatises like
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Lilavati, Bijaganita, Jyotisha, Siddhanta, Vyakarana,
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627:"PATHANI SAMANTA AND HIS THEORY OF PLANETARY MOTION"
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
329:. He also measured time by using his version of a
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457:Samanta married Sita Devi, the daughter of King
598:"Chandrasekhar Samanta: India's Eye in the Sky"
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554:Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India
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1546:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1149:Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era
299:The legend depicted on the walls of the
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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548:Naik, P. C.; Satpathy, L. (1998).
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179:Astronomy, Mathematics, Astrology
467:Pathani Samanta Jeebani Darpana"
295:Why the "Pathani Samanta" ?
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34:needs additional citations for
1703:Astronomical instrument makers
1693:Astronomers from British India
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406:Working With Wood & Bamboo
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1113:Rājamṛgāṅka (astronomy book)
856:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
625:Panda, Bipin Bihari (2000).
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509:[pɔntʰanisamoːntoː]
465:and published in the book "
301:Pathani Samanta Planetarium
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801:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
207:which was written in both
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886:Venkatraman Radhakrishnan
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453:Personal life and legacy
431:Awards & Recognition
275:Samanta was born in the
1567:Ancient Greek astronomy
851:Madhava of Sangamagrama
644:"Samanta Chandrasekhar"
463:Raghunath Singh Samanta
287:of the Indian state of
242:is written like a story
217:Mahamahopadhyaya Award
1572:Hellenistic astronomy
1355:Deferent and epicycle
1079:Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta
911:Jai Singh II of Amber
650:on February 22, 2014.
580:"EMINENT PERSONALITY"
256:neutral point of view
1562:Babylonian astronomy
796:Radhagobinda Chandra
419:called mana yantra.
318:He went on to study
248:rewrite this article
43:improve this article
1410:Hindu units of time
1133:Vasishtha Siddhanta
1107:Paitamaha Siddhanta
1001:Shatapatha Brahmana
916:Nilakantha Somayaji
566:1998BASI...26...33N
522:Odia pronunciation:
505:Odia pronunciation:
1587:European astronomy
1325:Cardinal direction
1254:Equatorial sundial
1093:Pancha-Siddhantika
791:Sandip Chakrabarti
602:Live History India
252:encyclopedic style
205:Siddhanta Darpana,
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1582:Chinese astronomy
1577:Islamic astronomy
1340:Celestial spheres
1330:Celestial equator
1100:Paulisa Siddhanta
994:Aitareya Brahmana
901:Jagannatha Samrat
881:Achyuta Pisharati
446:'Mahamahopadhyay'
396:Siddhanta Darpana
285:Nayagarh district
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58:"Pathani Samanta"
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1390:Geoheliocentrism
1360:Earth's rotation
1335:Celestial sphere
1269:Mural instrument
1219:Armillary sphere
1163:Vedanga Jyotisha
1119:Romaka Siddhanta
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946:Shankara Variyar
737:Indian astronomy
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646:. Archived from
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215:. He earned the
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1249:Equatorial ring
1229:Celestial globe
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1126:Surya Siddhanta
1063:Makarandasarini
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961:Pathani Samanta
906:Bapudeva Sastri
871:Jayant Narlikar
821:M. K. Das Gupta
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32:This article
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1647:Margashirsha
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1365:Eccentricity
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876:Parameshvara
761:Aryabhata II
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658:Bibliography
648:the original
638:
607:28 September
605:. Retrieved
601:
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416:trigonometry
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246:Please help
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169:(1904-06-11)
167:11 June 1904
105:
99:October 2020
96:
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53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1688:1904 deaths
1683:1835 births
1385:Geocentrism
1294:Water clock
1239:Cross-staff
1212:Instruments
1179:Atharvaveda
1156:Vākyakaraṇa
978:Aryabhatiya
956:Yajnavalkya
891:J. J. Rawal
826:Jyesthadeva
786:Brahmagupta
776:Bhāskara II
766:Vainu Bappu
756:Aryabhata I
744:Astronomers
479:Bhubaneswar
475:planetarium
402:in Odisha.
389:Brahmagupta
368:Brahmagupta
327:mana yantra
305:Bhubaneswar
213:Odia script
1677:Categories
1632:Bhadrapada
1466:Precession
1441:Manvantara
1315:Axial tilt
1299:Yantraraja
1289:Triquetrum
1071:Siddhantas
1042:Panchangam
831:Kamalakara
811:P. Devadas
781:Baudhayana
771:Bhāskara I
536:References
366:(503 CE),
360:Aryabhatta
149:1835-12-13
69:newspapers
1627:Shraavana
1622:Aashaadha
1529:New Delhi
1456:Nityayoga
1451:Nakshatra
1446:Moonlight
1224:Astrolabe
986:Brahmanas
836:Katyayana
751:Apastamba
560:: 33–49.
381:Aryabhata
345:Education
283:, in the
281:Khandpara
223:Biography
1662:Phalguna
1612:Vaisakha
1539:Varanasi
1481:Sunlight
1461:Parallax
1370:Ecliptic
1308:Concepts
1274:Quadrant
1056:Mahādevī
951:Vasistha
861:Mahavira
427:(1998).
412:geometry
400:almanacs
339:insomnia
320:Sanskrit
211:and the
209:Sanskrit
1617:Jyeshta
1607:Chaitra
1512:Centres
1417:Jyotiṣa
1400:Gravity
1320:Azimuth
1284:Sundial
1279:Sextant
1244:Dioptra
1234:Compass
1186:Rigveda
921:Sripati
841:Lagadha
562:Bibcode
331:sundial
196:to the
83:scholar
1657:Maagha
1652:Pausha
1642:Kartik
1637:Ashvin
1534:Ujjain
1524:Jaipur
1436:Karana
1380:Equant
1264:Gnomon
936:Utpala
866:Manava
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471:Odisha
459:Anugul
387:, and
309:Muslim
289:Odisha
254:and a
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1486:Tithi
1430:Kalpa
1395:Globe
1259:Globe
1171:Vedas
970:Works
846:Lalla
630:(PDF)
491:Notes
356:Kavya
313:fakir
194:Earth
90:JSTOR
76:books
1497:Yuga
1491:Vāra
1471:Ritu
693:ISBN
672:ISBN
609:2020
441:Puri
414:and
354:and
164:Died
143:Born
62:news
1202:Zij
477:in
439:in
303:in
279:of
198:Sun
45:by
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