42:
951:(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State; (b) increase the area of any State; (c) diminish the area of any State; (d) alter the boundaries of any State; or (e) alter the name of any State;
954:
Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of
Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the
916:
The territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976 was enacted by the Indian government to notify the sovereign rights on these areas for dealings with other countries. However, these maritime zones are also parts of the states as they are not
813:
This part of the Indian constitution contains the law in establishment, renaming, merging or altering the borders of the states or union territories. It also physically defines the words union / central government / government of India, states, territory of India, territory of a state, union
913:(earlier also amended by the constitution act, 1963) so as to vest in Union of India all lands, minerals, and other things of value underlying the ocean within the territorial waters or continental shelf or exclusive economic zone of India.
955:
Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the
President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired
929:(Taxes on mineral rights subject to any limitations imposed by the Parliament by law relating to mineral development) of the constitution. Fisheries including in territorial waters is under state jurisdiction (entry 21 of
1088:
884:
is brought in to administer areas which are very small in area or governed by international agreements or politically not evolved for locally elected governance. The representation of seats in the council of states
961:
Explanation II: The power conferred on
Parliament by clause (a) includes the power to form a new State or Union territory by uniting a part of any State or Union territory to any other State or Union territory
185:
181:
920:
States are not debarred from imposing taxes or royalty on the minerals extracted from the territorial waters and the exclusive economic zone (which are under states jurisdiction) as per serial no. 50 of
897:
shall also become part of the territories of states or union territories in the absence of any listing of them separately in
Schedule 1 and 4 of the constitution. There is no separate representation in
249:
253:
245:
257:
241:
133:
97:
970:
Article 4 is invoked when a law is enacted under
Article 2 or 3 for the marginal, incidental and the consequential provisions needed for changing boundary of a state or union territory. As per
109:
93:
89:
85:
1112:
689:
681:
693:
685:
677:
814:
territories and acquired territories which are used frequently in the constitution. This part contains four articles article 1 to 4. These articles were invoked when
1196:
917:
separately listed in schedule 1 of the constitution and the role of union government is limited to mainly defending the offshore territory from external threats.
581:
661:
621:
585:
569:
561:
421:
381:
673:
665:
649:
641:
625:
609:
601:
589:
577:
573:
565:
557:
541:
501:
461:
425:
409:
401:
385:
369:
361:
1022:
669:
657:
653:
645:
637:
629:
617:
613:
605:
597:
545:
529:
521:
505:
489:
481:
465:
449:
441:
429:
417:
413:
405:
397:
389:
377:
373:
365:
357:
958:
Explanation I: In this article, in clauses (a) to (e), State includes a Union territory, but in the proviso, State does not include a Union territory
549:
537:
533:
525:
517:
509:
497:
493:
485:
477:
469:
457:
453:
445:
437:
341:
1055:
873:, and was called 'associate state'. But this experiment failed and Sikkim was later added to Indian Union by the Constitutional Amendment Act (1975).
553:
349:
345:
329:
325:
633:
593:
393:
353:
337:
333:
991:
778:
513:
473:
433:
317:
273:
321:
301:
221:
1155:
926:
305:
289:
281:
225:
205:
313:
309:
297:
293:
285:
277:
209:
193:
870:
217:
213:
201:
197:
189:
1135:"Karnataka high court judgement stating the territorial waters, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone are territory of states"
869:
Sikkim was a special case which was included as a completely new type of statehood under a new
Article 2A and conditions mentioned in
149:
268:
165:
145:
125:
807:
161:
153:
141:
129:
121:
105:
81:
73:
50:
855:
of India consists of that of the states, union territories specified in the First
Schedule and other acquired territories.
157:
137:
117:
101:
77:
69:
859:
771:
113:
997:
1065:
910:
697:
971:
877:
842:
945:
Article 3 talks about
Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States:
1029:
764:
25:
1002:
714:
902:
though people inhabit on these offshore areas for exploiting resources such as fisheries, oil and gas, etc.
1201:
933:, Schedule 7 of Indian Constitution) except fishing and fisheries beyond territorial waters (entry 57 of
236:
1089:"The territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976"
719:
176:
1159:
894:
744:
739:
60:
906:
33:
8:
899:
890:
749:
980:
shall be deemed to be an amendment of the constitution for the purposes of article 368
1061:
881:
858:
The acquired territories can be converted in to a state/states as per
Article 2.
734:
1190:
1182:
823:
799:
1113:"Andhra finance minister Yanamala reiterates stand on territorial waters"
886:
815:
1134:
937:, Schedule 7 of Indian Constitution) which is under union jurisdiction.
934:
930:
922:
729:
724:
1057:
Subverting the
Constitution (pages 187 & 188) by G. G. Mirchandani
831:
819:
905:
The constitution (40th amendment) act, 1976, was passed during the
41:
909:
and received Presidential assent on 27 May 1976. It amended the
818:
was renamed, and for formation of relatively new states such as
863:
827:
847:
803:
889:) shall be as given in Schedule 4 of the constitution. The
795:
16:
Constitutional Law governing India as a union of States
851:, that is Bharat, shall be a union of states and the
1188:
1197:Parts and articles of the Constitution of India
992:List of amendments of the Constitution of India
862:were converted into Union territories in 2019.
994:(refer amendments 5, 7 & 18 for Article 3)
772:
1183:Supreme court verdict on Non-obstante clause
880:to the constitution in 1956, the concept of
1053:
1020:
1014:
779:
765:
948:Article 3 says: Parliament may by law:
1189:
837:
1054:Mirchandani, G. G (1 January 1977).
792:Part I—The Union and Its territories
13:
998:List of Indian federal legislation
14:
1213:
1177:
1023:"Constitution of India - Part 1"
40:
1148:
1127:
1105:
1081:
1047:
806:as a country and the union of
1:
1008:
1003:Constituent Assembly of India
843:Article 1 of the constitution
715:Constituent Assembly of India
978:framed under Article 4 (1),
965:
940:
7:
1156:"The Constitution of India"
985:
10:
1218:
720:Constitution bench (India)
808:states that it is made of
1060:. Abhinav Publications.
895:exclusive economic zones
866:was also so converted.
745:Basic structure doctrine
34:Constitution of India
794:is a compilation of
1202:Federalism in India
1115:. 19 February 2017
1035:on 10 October 2017
891:territorial waters
838:Articles 1 & 2
798:pertaining to the
750:Uniform civil code
1021:Ministry of Law.
878:seventh amendment
860:Jammu and Kashmir
789:
788:
1209:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1158:. Archived from
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1145:
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1125:
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1120:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
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1093:
1085:
1079:
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1076:
1074:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1028:. Archived from
1027:
1018:
927:seventh schedule
907:emergency period
781:
774:
767:
44:
21:
20:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
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1162:on 2 April 2012
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988:
968:
943:
882:Union territory
840:
785:
756:
755:
754:
740:Judicial review
735:Concurrent List
709:
701:
700:
271:
261:
260:
239:
229:
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216:
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179:
169:
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132:
96:
63:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1215:
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1204:
1199:
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1178:External links
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871:tenth schedule
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708:Related topics
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1067:9788170170570
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972:Article 4 (2)
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830:and recently
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1181:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:the original
1150:
1140:16 September
1138:. Retrieved
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1107:
1097:16 September
1095:. Retrieved
1083:
1073:16 September
1071:. Retrieved
1056:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1016:
979:
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960:
957:
953:
950:
947:
944:
919:
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904:
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841:
824:Chhattisgarh
812:
800:constitution
791:
790:
65:
49:
18:
1039:16 November
976:no such law
911:Article 297
887:Rajya Sabha
816:West Bengal
1191:Categories
1009:References
935:union list
931:state list
923:state list
900:parliament
845:says that
730:State List
725:Union List
269:Amendments
237:Appendices
966:Article 4
941:Article 3
876:With the
853:territory
832:Telangana
820:Jharkhand
177:Schedules
1166:21 March
986:See also
893:and the
222:Eleventh
51:Preamble
26:a series
24:Part of
226:Twelfth
206:Seventh
1119:16 May
1064:
864:Ladakh
828:Sikkim
210:Eighth
194:Fourth
186:Second
28:on the
1092:(PDF)
1033:(PDF)
1026:(PDF)
848:India
804:India
218:Tenth
214:Ninth
202:Sixth
198:Fifth
190:Third
182:First
150:XVIII
61:Parts
1168:2012
1142:2013
1121:2018
1099:2013
1075:2013
1062:ISBN
1041:2012
796:laws
274:List
166:XXII
146:XVII
134:XIVA
126:XIII
98:VIII
925:in
802:of
698:106
694:105
690:104
686:103
682:102
678:101
674:100
252:∙
250:III
162:XXI
154:XIX
142:XVI
130:XIV
122:XII
110:IXB
106:IXA
94:VII
82:IVA
80:∙
74:III
1193::
982:.
974:,
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826:,
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