2378:
2385:
3798:
1622:
3359:
3979:
3364:
2371:
129:
1616:
1610:
3858:
3804:
453:
3991:
111:
525:
in 1990 also concluded to a malformation, thinking the flattened side resulted from the tooth remaining attached too long to the inner wall of the tooth-socket. Serrated specimens of the type would thus simply be deviant dromaeosaurid teeth; however, unserrated teeth might represent a separate taxon
521:. Jaws from adult individuals bearing identical teeth have never been found. Marsh already suggested such teeth were pathological, having formed when the first teeth of the lower jaws by accident grew back-to-back to each other on the mandible suture.
375:. It is a tooth about one centimetre long, elongated, recurved, lacking serrations, possessing low vertical ridges and with a D-shaped cross-section, the inner side being flattened. Cope at first thought the tooth belonged to a
509:, though it could also be another kind of coelurosaurian theropod. While most researchers have therefore considered it simply represents indeterminate theropod teeth, a small consensus has found them to be
703:
Currie, P.J., Rigby, Jr., J.K., and Sloan, R.E., 1990, "Theropod teeth from the Judith River
Formation of southern Alberta, Canada", pp. 107–125 in: K. Carpenter and P. J. Currie (eds.),
2377:
3720:
4016:
3691:
733:
Sankey, J.T., D.B. Brinkman, M. Guenther, and P.J. Currie, 2002, "Small theropod and bird teeth from the Judith River Group (late
Campanian), Alberta",
3923:
568:
4051:
3748:
2446:
527:
2597:
2537:
3648:
3032:
4076:
4021:
2944:
4026:
3910:
4071:
768:
789:
467:
A very large number of other specimens matching these teeth in some or all aspects of their anatomy have been referred to
336:, which include "buckets" of teeth from many disparate times and places but no other remains, and should be considered a
4066:
1621:
4041:
3797:
471:. Some of these included serrated teeth, low teeth and teeth without a flattened side. These teeth of the general "
672:
A Revision of the
Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2
598:
637:
Cope, E.D., 1876, "On some extinct
Reptiles and Batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills Beds of Montana",
3358:
2384:
2370:
4031:
428:
by George
Olshevsky in 1991. It is based on holotype YPM 10624, a tooth close in form to the holotype of
128:
4046:
3969:
3363:
683:
Olshevsky, G., Ford, T.L. & Yamamoto, S., 1995, "The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids",
4061:
4056:
1561:
761:
1615:
1914:
859:
475:" type have been reported from a wide variety of times and places, including the Early Cretaceous
3483:
2318:
1609:
620:
Cope, E.D., 1876, "Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of
Montana",
3954:
3878:
3861:
3460:
3404:
356:
3928:
3949:
3941:
1940:
1505:
421:
4036:
4011:
754:
387:
3803:
8:
3983:
2692:
2217:
2083:
1718:
348:
337:
232:
2820:
2769:
2186:
1409:
886:
123:
716:
Hwang, S.H. 2005. "Phylogenetic patterns of enamel microstructure in dinosaur teeth."
3936:
3600:
2799:
2072:
1857:
1461:
828:
445:
3995:
3831:
3756:
3698:
3291:
3182:
2936:
2829:
2527:
2261:
2240:
1550:
1484:
1391:
1028:
522:
510:
3778:
3771:
3734:
3655:
3639:
3219:
3191:
2778:
2436:
2295:
2226:
2098:
2061:
1903:
1888:
1807:
1763:
1742:
1519:
1398:
1355:
1180:
1111:
844:
560:
555:
502:
498:
403:
30:
3901:
3821:
3763:
3727:
3624:
3556:
3531:
3504:
3472:
3116:
3086:
2891:
2730:
2648:
2547:
2307:
2233:
2196:
1694:
1491:
1250:
1146:
1085:
1064:
518:
4005:
3841:
3836:
3705:
3565:
3449:
3393:
3072:
2991:
2958:
2922:
2875:
2845:
2792:
2785:
2671:
2662:
2476:
2456:
1999:
1988:
1874:
1843:
1800:
1749:
1735:
1429:
1161:
1139:
1124:
1042:
476:
414:
stage, 66 million years ago) and was originally referred to the mammal genus
411:
68:
3851:
3713:
3440:
3314:
3307:
3246:
3164:
2951:
2837:
2716:
2628:
2557:
2516:
2466:
2284:
2137:
2122:
2107:
2041:
1929:
1881:
1793:
1683:
1538:
1498:
1477:
1470:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1383:
1368:
1304:
1261:
1222:
1092:
1071:
1002:
980:
581:
532:
434:
399:
391:
344:
329:
241:
212:
3676:
3586:
3521:
3262:
3212:
3143:
3095:
2860:
2806:
2754:
2701:
2587:
2567:
2506:
2270:
2020:
2010:
1673:
1512:
1277:
1236:
1207:
1200:
1168:
1078:
1012:
952:
939:
898:
777:
43:
3915:
3741:
3609:
3416:
3300:
3270:
3237:
3205:
3171:
3157:
3150:
2974:
2884:
2678:
2638:
2577:
2486:
2415:
2402:
2330:
2277:
2153:
2130:
2115:
2051:
1978:
1866:
1836:
1829:
1772:
1728:
1422:
1311:
1295:
1284:
1243:
1229:
1193:
1154:
1132:
506:
457:
416:
379:, but in the same year realised it represented a carnivorous dinosaur.
376:
294:
186:
88:
53:
3846:
3826:
3662:
3617:
3579:
3572:
3129:
3062:
3042:
3022:
3012:
3002:
2912:
2746:
2739:
2708:
2203:
2030:
1822:
1704:
1376:
1318:
1270:
1214:
1100:
969:
871:
819:
571:
e.a., be synonymous with the elongated, so-called "Type A", teeth of
484:
364:
199:
140:
93:
37:
3872:
3895:
3669:
3541:
3198:
3136:
2898:
2852:
2496:
2247:
2171:
1815:
1779:
1325:
1057:
810:
801:
549:
494:
452:
368:
315:
312:
173:
160:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
3683:
3429:
3277:
3102:
2617:
1957:
1786:
1652:
1639:
1573:
407:
395:
360:
98:
73:
3254:
3052:
2929:
2607:
991:
795:
585:
tooth genus is also sometimes considered a (junior) synonym of
553:, another tooth taxon, itself often considered synonymous with
536:, a troodontid known from juveniles with serration-less teeth.
333:
150:
110:
746:
639:
Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
622:
Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
1049:
530:, showed that the tooth enamel is identical to that found in
480:
325:
322:
318:
3381:
3326:
539:
Several taxa have on occasion been considered synonyms of
654:
Marsh, O.C., 1889, "Discovery of
Cretaceous mammalia",
517:
are all small, and may have come from various juvenile
3967:
3636:
3597:
3553:
3537:
3527:
3517:
3288:
3234:
3113:
3083:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2987:
2909:
2872:
2817:
2766:
2727:
2689:
2659:
2644:
2634:
2624:
2613:
2603:
2593:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2543:
2533:
2523:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2482:
2472:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2304:
2258:
2214:
2183:
2166:
2095:
2079:
2068:
2057:
2047:
2037:
2026:
2016:
2006:
1995:
1984:
1974:
1926:
1900:
1854:
1760:
1715:
1700:
1690:
1679:
1669:
1547:
1352:
1025:
1008:
998:
987:
976:
965:
284:
271:
248:
547:was in 1876 by Cope described as being similar to
705:Dinosaur Systematics: Perspectives and Approaches
4003:
432:but somewhat larger. In 1995 Olshevsky renamed
843:
762:
363:, dating to 75 million years ago, during the
4017:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
950:
769:
755:
616:
614:
109:
2413:
332:because of the fragmentary nature of the
451:
656:American Journal of Science, 3rd series
611:
4004:
1650:
707:. Cambridge University Press, New York
443:; today the taxon is seen as based on
3877:
3876:
3380:
3379:
2400:
1637:
937:
788:
750:
4052:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
543:, though there is little consensus.
311:(meaning "beside claw tooth") was a
13:
14:
4088:
4077:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
4022:Campanian genus first appearances
3989:
3977:
3857:
3856:
3802:
3796:
3362:
3357:
2383:
2376:
2369:
1620:
1614:
1608:
127:
41:
4027:Maastrichtian genus extinctions
938:
776:
599:Timeline of troodontid research
579:holotype belongs. The Eurasian
567:would, according to a study by
2401:
727:
710:
697:
677:
664:
648:
631:
1:
4072:Fossil taxa described in 1876
604:
7:
1638:
592:
487:age 125 million years ago.
10:
4093:
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3885:
3816:
3794:
3635:
3596:
3552:
3513:
3502:
3471:
3448:
3439:
3424:
3415:
3392:
3388:
3375:
3355:
3325:
3287:
3233:
3181:
3124:
3112:
3082:
2983:
2972:
2908:
2871:
2816:
2765:
2726:
2688:
2658:
2428:
2424:
2409:
2396:
2367:
2329:
2303:
2294:
2257:
2213:
2182:
2162:
2151:
2094:
1970:
1966:
1955:
1925:
1899:
1853:
1759:
1714:
1665:
1661:
1646:
1633:
1606:
1572:
1546:
1537:
1460:
1417:
1408:
1363:
1351:
1347:
1294:
1260:
1188:
1179:
1119:
1110:
1037:
1023:
961:
946:
933:
897:
879:
870:
852:
839:
784:
565:Richardoestesia isosceles
268:
263:
247:
240:
124:Scientific classification
122:
117:
108:
23:
513:. The teeth assigned to
4042:Paleontology in Montana
735:Journal of Paleontology
526:or taxa. One study, by
441:Paronychodon explanatus
424:in 1889, but placed in
4067:La Huérguina Formation
501:, a dromaeosaurid, an
493:has been considered a
464:
384:Paronychodon caperatus
357:Judith River Formation
353:Paronychodon lacustris
253:Paronychodon lacustris
3950:Paleobiology Database
1506:Paralitherizinosaurus
718:Journal of Morphology
670:Olshevsky, G., 1991,
483:, dating to the late
455:
422:Othniel Charles Marsh
685:Kyoryugaku Saizensen
575:, to which also the
388:Hell Creek Formation
386:, is known from the
2693:Patagopterygiformes
2218:Confuciusornithidae
2084:Scansoriopterygidae
1719:Scansoriopterygidae
349:Edward Drinker Cope
328:, often considered
118:Two referred teeth
4032:Maastrichtian life
2821:Songlingornithidae
2770:Hongshanornithidae
2187:Omnivoropterygidae
2099:Jeholornithiformes
1410:Therizinosauroidea
465:
382:A second species,
4047:Laramie Formation
3965:
3964:
3937:Open Tree of Life
3879:Taxon identifiers
3870:
3869:
3812:
3811:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3692:Lutetodontopteris
3601:Gastornithiformes
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3382:Aves / Neornithes
3371:
3370:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3327:Aves / Neornithes
3229:
3228:
2968:
2967:
2800:Parahongshanornis
2392:
2391:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2147:
2146:
2073:Archaeopterygidae
1951:
1950:
1858:Archaeopterygidae
1629:
1628:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1462:Therizinosauridae
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
929:
928:
925:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
829:Maniraptoriformes
446:Saurornitholestes
439:Cope 1876 into a
304:
303:
298:
281:
236:
4084:
4062:Fossils of Spain
4057:Cretaceous Spain
3994:
3993:
3992:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3958:
3957:
3945:
3944:
3932:
3931:
3919:
3918:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3874:
3873:
3860:
3859:
3832:Deinonychosauria
3807:
3806:
3800:
3757:Protodontopteryx
3699:Macrodontopteryx
3638:
3599:
3555:
3539:
3529:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3446:
3445:
3422:
3421:
3390:
3389:
3377:
3376:
3366:
3361:
3292:Cimolopterygidae
3290:
3236:
3183:Hesperornithidae
3122:
3121:
3115:
3085:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3020:
3010:
3000:
2989:
2981:
2980:
2911:
2874:
2819:
2768:
2729:
2691:
2661:
2646:
2636:
2626:
2615:
2605:
2595:
2585:
2575:
2565:
2555:
2545:
2535:
2525:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2398:
2397:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2262:Jinguofortisidae
2260:
2241:Eoconfuciusornis
2216:
2185:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2097:
2081:
2070:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1997:
1986:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1928:
1902:
1856:
1762:
1717:
1702:
1692:
1681:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1648:
1647:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1562:Oviraptorosauria
1551:Oviraptorosauria
1549:
1544:
1543:
1485:Nanshiungosaurus
1415:
1414:
1392:Jianchangosaurus
1361:
1360:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1186:
1185:
1117:
1116:
1035:
1034:
1029:Alvarezsauroidea
1027:
1010:
1000:
989:
978:
967:
959:
958:
948:
947:
935:
934:
877:
876:
850:
849:
841:
840:
834:
833:
786:
785:
771:
764:
757:
748:
747:
741:
731:
725:
714:
708:
701:
695:
681:
675:
668:
662:
652:
646:
635:
629:
618:
523:Philip J. Currie
511:Deinonychosauria
292:
286:
279:
273:
250:
231:
224:
211:
132:
131:
113:
103:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3968:
3966:
3961:
3953:
3948:
3940:
3935:
3927:
3922:
3914:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3881:
3871:
3866:
3808:
3801:
3784:
3779:Tympanonesiotes
3772:Pseudodontornis
3735:Palaeochenoides
3656:Caspiodontornis
3640:Pelagornithidae
3631:
3592:
3548:
3490:
3467:
3435:
3411:
3384:
3367:
3341:
3321:
3283:
3225:
3220:Parahesperornis
3192:Asiahesperornis
3177:
3108:
3078:
2977:
2964:
2904:
2867:
2812:
2779:Archaeornithura
2761:
2722:
2684:
2654:
2437:Archaeorhynchus
2418:
2405:
2388:
2375:
2345:
2325:
2296:Ornithothoraces
2290:
2253:
2227:Changchengornis
2209:
2178:
2156:
2143:
2090:
2062:Anchiornithidae
1960:
1947:
1921:
1915:Dromaeosauridae
1904:Dromaeosauridae
1895:
1889:Anchiornithidae
1849:
1808:Liaoningvenator
1764:Anchiornithidae
1755:
1743:Scansoriopteryx
1710:
1655:
1642:
1625:
1588:
1568:
1525:
1520:Therizinosaurus
1456:
1404:
1399:Lingyuanosaurus
1356:Therizinosauria
1331:
1290:
1256:
1181:Parvicursorinae
1175:
1112:Alvarezsauridae
1106:
1031:
1019:
955:
942:
913:
893:
866:
860:Avemetatarsalia
845:Avemetatarsalia
835:
791:
790:
780:
775:
745:
744:
732:
728:
715:
711:
702:
698:
682:
678:
669:
665:
653:
649:
636:
632:
619:
612:
607:
595:
556:Richardoestesia
519:deinonychosaurs
503:archaeopterygid
499:ornithomimosaur
404:Lance Formation
259:
256:
230:
222:
209:
126:
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4090:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
3999:
3998:
3986:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3946:
3933:
3920:
3907:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3822:Archaeornithes
3817:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3764:Protopelicanus
3760:
3753:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3728:Osteodontornis
3724:
3717:
3710:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3642:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:Dromornithidae
3621:
3614:
3605:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3559:
3557:Dromornithidae
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3535:
3532:Perplexicervix
3525:
3514:
3508:
3505:Incertae sedis
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3484:Pangalliformes
3477:
3475:
3473:Pangalliformes
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3454:
3452:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3398:
3396:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3304:
3296:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3125:
3119:
3117:Hesperornithes
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3089:
3087:Ichthyornithes
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2996:
2984:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2933:
2926:
2918:
2916:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2892:Similiyanornis
2888:
2880:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2825:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2774:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2733:
2731:Ambiortiformes
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2649:Zhongjianornis
2642:
2632:
2622:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2548:Jianchangornis
2541:
2531:
2521:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2407:
2406:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2319:Enantiornithes
2312:
2310:
2308:Enantiornithes
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2234:Confuciusornis
2230:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2197:Omnivoropteryx
2192:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2163:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2077:
2066:
2055:
2045:
2035:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1993:
1982:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1698:
1695:Pneumatoraptor
1688:
1677:
1666:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1492:Neimongosaurus
1488:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1251:Trierarchuncus
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1147:Bonapartenykus
1143:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1086:Shishugounykus
1082:
1075:
1068:
1065:Bonapartenykus
1061:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1006:
996:
985:
974:
962:
956:
951:
944:
943:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
912:
911:
910:
909:
903:
901:
895:
894:
892:
891:
890:
889:
880:
874:
868:
867:
865:
864:
863:
862:
853:
847:
837:
836:
832:
831:
822:
813:
804:
798:
782:
781:
774:
773:
766:
759:
751:
743:
742:
726:
709:
696:
676:
663:
647:
630:
609:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
594:
591:
456:Comparison of
302:
301:
300:
299:
282:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
245:
244:
238:
237:
220:
216:
215:
207:
203:
202:
197:
190:
189:
184:
177:
176:
171:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
120:
119:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4089:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3863:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3842:Odontornithes
3840:
3838:
3837:Odontognathae
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3805:
3799:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3566:Barawertornis
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3543:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3461:Anserimorphae
3458:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3450:Anserimorphae
3447:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3405:Palaeognathae
3402:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3394:Palaeognathae
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3365:
3360:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3073:Tingmiatornis
3067:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2992:Antarcticavis
2986:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2961:
2960:
2959:Shuilingornis
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2923:Changzuiornis
2920:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2876:Yanornithidae
2870:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2846:Songlingornis
2843:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2793:Longicrusavis
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:Hongshanornis
2783:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2672:Mengciusornis
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2663:Schizoouridae
2657:
2651:
2650:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2477:Changzuiornis
2471:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:Brevidentavis
2451:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2372:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:Cretaaviculus
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1875:Archaeopteryx
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1844:Yixianosaurus
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1801:Fujianvenator
1798:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1736:Epidexipteryx
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1430:Beipiaosaurus
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1162:Heptasteornis
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1140:Alvarezsaurus
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:Achillesaurus
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1043:Achillesaurus
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1005:
1004:
997:
994:
993:
986:
983:
982:
975:
972:
971:
964:
963:
960:
957:
954:
949:
945:
941:
936:
932:
907:
906:
905:
904:
902:
900:
896:
888:
884:
883:
882:
881:
878:
875:
873:
869:
861:
857:
856:
855:
854:
851:
848:
846:
842:
838:
830:
826:
823:
821:
817:
814:
812:
808:
805:
803:
799:
797:
793:
792:
787:
783:
779:
772:
767:
765:
760:
758:
753:
752:
749:
739:
736:
730:
723:
719:
713:
706:
700:
693:
689:
686:
680:
673:
667:
660:
657:
651:
644:
640:
634:
627:
623:
617:
615:
610:
600:
597:
596:
590:
588:
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:dromaeosaurid
559:, a possible
558:
557:
552:
551:
546:
542:
537:
535:
534:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:Una Formation
474:
470:
463:
459:
454:
450:
448:
447:
442:
438:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
413:
412:Maastrichtian
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
317:
314:
310:
309:
296:
291:
290:
283:
278:
277:
270:
269:
267:
262:
255:
254:
246:
243:
239:
234:
229:
228:
221:
218:
217:
214:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
3984:Paleontology
3887:Paronychodon
3886:
3852:Unenlagiidae
3777:
3770:
3762:
3755:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3714:Odontopteryx
3712:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3623:
3616:
3608:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3540:
3530:
3520:
3503:
3441:Galloanserae
3428:
3315:Lamarqueavis
3313:
3308:Cimolopteryx
3306:
3299:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3247:Australornis
3245:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3170:
3165:Pasquiaornis
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3101:
3094:
3071:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2990:
2957:
2952:Khinganornis
2950:
2943:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2859:
2851:
2844:
2838:Piscivoravis
2836:
2828:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2753:
2745:
2738:
2717:Patagopteryx
2715:
2707:
2700:
2677:
2670:
2647:
2637:
2629:Xinghaiornis
2627:
2616:
2606:
2596:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2558:Jiuquanornis
2556:
2546:
2536:
2526:
2517:Gargantuavis
2515:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2467:Changmaornis
2465:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2374:
2285:Jinguofortis
2283:
2276:
2269:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2202:
2195:
2169:
2138:Neimengornis
2136:
2129:
2123:Jixiangornis
2121:
2114:
2108:Dalianraptor
2106:
2082:
2071:
2060:
2050:
2042:Yandangornis
2040:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1998:
1987:
1977:
1941:Troodontidae
1930:Troodontidae
1887:
1882:Wellnhoferia
1880:
1873:
1865:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1799:
1794:Eosinopteryx
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1703:
1693:
1684:Palaeopteryx
1682:
1672:
1613:
1539:Pennaraptora
1518:
1511:
1504:
1499:Nothronychus
1497:
1490:
1483:
1478:Erlikosaurus
1476:
1471:Erliansaurus
1469:
1451:Suzhousaurus
1449:
1444:Martharaptor
1442:
1437:Enigmosaurus
1435:
1428:
1421:
1397:
1390:
1384:Fukuivenator
1382:
1375:
1369:Eshanosaurus
1367:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1305:Albertonykus
1303:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:Ceratonykini
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1223:Nemegtonykus
1221:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1099:
1093:Tugulusaurus
1091:
1084:
1077:
1072:Haplocheirus
1070:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1041:
1011:
1003:Migmanychion
1001:
990:
981:Fukuivenator
979:
968:
824:
815:
806:
740:(4): 751-763
737:
734:
729:
721:
717:
712:
704:
699:
691:
687:
684:
679:
671:
666:
658:
655:
650:
642:
638:
633:
625:
621:
587:Paronychodon
586:
582:Euronychodon
580:
577:Paronychodon
576:
573:Paronychodon
572:
569:Julia Sankey
564:
554:
548:
545:Paronychodon
544:
541:Paronychodon
540:
538:
533:Byronosaurus
531:
515:Paronychodon
514:
491:Paronychodon
490:
489:
473:Paronychodon
472:
469:Paronychodon
468:
466:
462:P. lacustris
461:
460:teeth; K is
444:
440:
433:
430:P. lacustris
429:
426:Paronychodon
425:
415:
400:South Dakota
392:North Dakota
383:
381:
372:
371:is specimen
352:
351:in 1876, is
345:type species
342:
308:Paronychodon
307:
306:
305:
289:P. caperatus
288:
287:
276:P. lacustris
275:
274:
252:
251:
242:Type species
227:Paronychodon
226:
225:
213:Troodontidae
193:
180:
167:
25:Paronychodon
24:
18:
4037:Lance fauna
4012:Troodontids
3749:Proceriavis
3721:Odontoptila
3677:Gigantornis
3587:Ilbandornis
3522:Asteriornis
3263:Neogaeornis
3213:Hesperornis
3144:Chupkaornis
3096:Ichthyornis
2861:Yixianornis
2807:Tianyuornis
2755:Palintropus
2702:Alamitornis
2588:Meemannavis
2568:Juehuaornis
2507:Eogranivora
2447:Bellulornis
2271:Chongmingia
2021:Overoraptor
2011:Fukuipteryx
1674:Imperobator
1513:Segnosaurus
1278:Ceratonykus
1237:Parvicursor
1208:Khulsanurus
1201:Jaculinykus
1169:Patagonykus
1079:Patagonykus
1013:Yaverlandia
953:Maniraptora
940:Maniraptora
899:Maniraptora
778:Maniraptora
528:Sunny Hwang
367:stage. The
355:, from the
347:, named by
36:75–66
4006:Categories
3820:See also:
3742:Pelagornis
3610:Brontornis
3417:Neognathae
3336:see below↓
3301:Ceramornis
3271:Polarornis
3238:Vegaviidae
3206:Fumicollis
3172:Potamornis
3158:Judinornis
3151:Enaliornis
2975:Ornithurae
2885:Abitusavis
2679:Schizooura
2639:Yumenornis
2598:Platanavis
2578:Kaririavis
2538:Horezmavis
2487:Chaoyangia
2416:Euornithes
2403:Euornithes
2340:see below↓
2331:Euornithes
2278:Cratonavis
2154:Pygostylia
2131:Kompsornis
2116:Jeholornis
2052:Zhongornis
1979:Alcmonavis
1867:Alcmonavis
1837:Xiaotingia
1830:Serikornis
1773:Anchiornis
1729:Ambopteryx
1583:see below↓
1423:Alxasaurus
1312:Linhenykus
1296:Mononykini
1285:Xixianykus
1244:Qiupanykus
1230:Ondogurvel
1194:Dzharaonyx
1155:Bradycneme
1133:Alnashetri
908:see below↓
811:Dinosauria
605:References
507:troodontid
458:troodontid
437:explanatus
417:Tripriodon
377:plesiosaur
338:form taxon
321:. It is a
280:Cope, 1876
258:Cope, 1876
187:Saurischia
174:Dinosauria
3996:Dinosaurs
3847:Sauriurae
3827:Carinatae
3663:Cyphornis
3649:Aequornis
3618:Gastornis
3580:Genyornis
3573:Dromornis
3130:Baptornis
3063:Limenavis
3043:Iaceornis
3033:Guildavis
3023:Gallornis
3013:Cerebavis
3003:Apatornis
2913:Gansuidae
2747:Apsaravis
2740:Ambiortus
2709:Kuszholia
2204:Sapeornis
2031:Rahonavis
1823:Pedopenna
1705:Rahonavis
1377:Falcarius
1319:Mononykus
1271:Albinykus
1101:Xiyunykus
970:Elopteryx
887:Theropoda
872:Theropoda
820:Theropoda
794:Kingdom:
724:: 208-240
690:: 92-119/
645:: 340-359
628:: 248-261
485:Barremian
373:AMNH 3018
365:Campanian
200:Theropoda
147:Kingdom:
141:Eukaryota
3902:Q2193022
3896:Wikidata
3862:Category
3670:Dasornis
3542:Qinornis
3199:Canadaga
3137:Brodavis
2945:Iteravis
2937:Hollanda
2899:Yanornis
2853:Yanornis
2830:Hollanda
2528:Hollanda
2497:Dingavis
2248:Yangavis
2172:Proornis
1816:Ostromia
1780:Aurornis
1326:Shuvuuia
1058:Bannykus
802:Chordata
800:Phylum:
796:Animalia
593:See also
550:Zapsalis
505:, and a
495:coelurid
410:(latest
369:holotype
316:dinosaur
313:theropod
297:, 1890 )
264:Species
206:Family:
161:Chordata
157:Phylum:
151:Animalia
137:Domain:
3970:Portals
3942:4947137
3929:1019101
3916:4822821
3684:Laornis
3430:Neoaves
3278:Vegavis
3103:Janavis
2618:Wyleyia
1958:Avialae
1787:Caihong
1653:Paraves
1640:Paraves
1574:Paraves
694:: 75-99
661:: 81-92
449:teeth.
435:Laelaps
408:Wyoming
396:Montana
361:Montana
334:fossils
330:dubious
219:Genus:
3255:Maaqwi
3053:Kookne
2930:Gansus
2608:Vorona
1989:Balaur
992:Kakuru
674:pp 196
398:, and
235:, 1876
3955:38565
3924:IRMNG
1050:Aorun
825:Clade
816:Clade
807:Clade
497:, an
481:Spain
326:taxon
323:tooth
319:genus
295:Marsh
194:Clade
181:Clade
168:Clade
3911:GBIF
3706:Manu
3482:see
3459:see
3403:see
2317:see
1939:see
1913:see
1560:see
885:see
858:see
402:and
343:The
233:Cope
44:PreꞒ
1215:Kol
722:266
479:of
420:by
406:of
390:of
359:of
4008::
3952::
3939::
3926::
3913::
3898::
1750:Yi
827::
818::
809::
738:76
720:,
692:10
659:38
643:28
641:,
626:28
624:,
613:^
589:.
563:.
394:,
340:.
196::
183::
170::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
3972::
3767:?
3752:?
3709:?
3687:?
3637:†
3628:?
3613:?
3598:†
3554:†
3545:?
3538:†
3528:†
3518:†
3318:?
3289:†
3266:?
3258:?
3250:?
3235:†
3114:†
3084:†
3069:†
3059:†
3049:†
3039:†
3029:†
3019:†
3009:†
2999:†
2995:?
2988:†
2940:?
2915:?
2910:†
2873:†
2864:?
2856:?
2841:?
2833:?
2818:†
2767:†
2758:?
2750:?
2728:†
2712:?
2690:†
2660:†
2645:†
2635:†
2625:†
2621:?
2614:†
2604:†
2594:†
2584:†
2574:†
2564:†
2554:†
2544:†
2534:†
2524:†
2520:?
2513:†
2503:†
2493:†
2483:†
2473:†
2463:†
2453:†
2443:†
2433:†
2305:†
2259:†
2215:†
2189:?
2184:†
2174:"
2170:"
2167:†
2126:?
2111:?
2096:†
2087:?
2080:†
2076:?
2069:†
2065:?
2058:†
2048:†
2038:†
2034:?
2027:†
2017:†
2007:†
2003:?
1996:†
1992:?
1985:†
1975:†
1927:†
1901:†
1892:?
1870:?
1855:†
1811:?
1761:†
1721:?
1716:†
1701:†
1691:†
1687:?
1680:†
1670:†
1548:†
1387:?
1372:?
1353:†
1218:?
1172:?
1150:?
1128:?
1096:?
1053:?
1026:†
1016:?
1009:†
999:†
995:?
988:†
984:?
977:†
973:?
966:†
770:e
763:t
756:v
688:9
293:(
285:†
272:†
249:†
223:†
210:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
