2250:
77:
2272:
537:
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can infect the fruit at any stage of its maturity. Fruits as young as two weeks old have been spotted with dark-green ringspots about 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter. Rings on the fruit are most likely seen on either the stem end or the blossom end. In the early stages of the ringspots, the rings tend to be many closed circles, but as the disease develops, the rings increase in diameter consisting of one large ring. The difference between the ringspot and the mosaic viruses is the ripe fruit in the ringspot has a mottling of colors, and the mosaic does not.
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597:
130:
525:
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105:
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1023:, stem rot, stem girdling, and fruit rot. Damping-off happens in young plants by wilting and death. The spots on established plants start as white, water-soaked lesions at the fruit and branch scars. These spots enlarge and eventually cause death. The disease's most dangerous feature is the fruit's infection, which may be toxic to consumers. The roots can also be severely and rapidly infected, causing the plant to brown and wilt away, collapsing within days.
609:
740:
633:
1302:
713:
2047:
2296:
1284:
961:
2317:
776:
1202:, which involves using an attenuated virus to protect against a more dangerous strain. Conventional varieties of transgenic papaya has reduced resistance against heterologous (not closely related to the coat gene source) strains, forcing different localities to develop their own transgenic varieties. As of 2016, one transgenic line appears able to deal with three different heterologous strains in addition to its source.
977:
develop dark green greasy streaks and, in time, become shorter. The ringspots are circular, C-shaped markings that are a darker green than the fruit. In the later stages of the virus, the markings may become gray and crusty. Viral infections impact growth and reduce the fruit's quality. One of the biggest effects that viral infections have on papaya is taste. As of 2010, the only way to protect papaya from this virus is
1266:
1230:
752:
1348:
1080:, a Spanish explorer and horticulturist, who brought it from the Marquesas Islands in the early 1800s. Since then, papaya cultivation has expanded to all tropical countries and many subtropical regions worldwide. Today, papaya is grown extensively across the globe, owing to its adaptability to various climates and its popularity as a tropical fruit.
988:
destroys the plant until only a small tuft of leaves is left. The virus affects both the leaves of the plant and the fruit. Leaves show thin, irregular, dark-green lines around the borders and clear areas around the veins. The more severely affected leaves are irregular and linear in shape. The virus
1050:
is a 0.5-mm-long brown or orange-red or a green, greenish-yellow translucent oval pest. They all have needle-like piercing-sucking mouthparts and feed by piercing the plant tissue with their mouthparts, usually on the underside of the plant. The spider mites spin fine threads of webbing on the host
1001:
is known to attack papaya, especially mature fruits. The disease starts small with very few signs, such as water-soaked spots on ripening fruits. The spots become sunken, turn brown or black, and may get bigger. In some of the older spots, the fungus may produce pink spores. The fruit ends up being
1190:
outbreak in Hawaii in 1998, genetically altered papaya were approved and brought to market (including 'SunUp' and 'Rainbow' varieties.) Varieties resistant to PRV have some DNA of this virus incorporated into the plant's DNA. As of 2010, 80% of
Hawaiian papaya plants were genetically modified. The
976:
is a well-known virus within plants in
Florida. The first signs of the virus are yellowing and vein-clearing of younger leaves and mottling yellow leaves. Infected leaves may obtain blisters, roughen, or narrow, with blades sticking upwards from the middle of the leaves. The petioles and stems may
1055:
stage. The crawlers insert their mouthparts in the lower surfaces of the leaf when they find it suitable and usually do not move again in this stage. The next instars are flattened, oval, and scale-like. In the final stage, the pupal whiteflies are more convex, with large, conspicuously red eyes.
1009:
occurs as a superficial white presence on the leaf's surface, which is easily recognized. Tiny, light yellow spots begin on the lower surfaces of the leaf as the disease starts to make its way. The spots enlarge, and white powdery growth appears on the leaves. The infection usually appears at the
1054:
The papaya whitefly lays yellow, oval eggs that appear dusted on the undersides of the leaves. They eat papaya leaves, therefore damaging the fruit. There, the eggs developed into flies in three stages called instars. The first instar has well-developed legs and is the only mobile immature life
2118:, the unripe papaya are cut into slices and dipped into sour, fermented, or spicy seasonings and dips. In Myanmar and Thai recipes, the unripe papaya are cut into thinner slices to make papaya salad. The reason the unripe papaya is used is because of the firmer and crunchier texture.
1359:, led by India with 38% of the world total (table). Global papaya production grew significantly over the early 21st century, mainly as a result of increased production in India and demand by the United States. The United States is the largest importer of papayas worldwide.
1126:. Temperatures below −2 °C (29 °F) are greatly harmful, if not fatal. In Florida, California, and Texas, growth is generally limited to the southern parts of those states. It prefers sandy, well-drained soil, as standing water can kill the plant within 24 hours.
3202:
Sivinski J, Calkins C, Baranowski R, et al. (April 1996). "Suppression of a
Caribbean Fruit Fly (Anastrepha suspensa(Loew) Diptera: Tephritidae) Population through Augmented Releases of the ParasitoidDiachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)".
1051:
plant, and when they remove the sap, the mesophyll tissue collapses, and a small chlorotic spot forms at the feeding sites. The leaves of the papaya fruit turn yellow, gray, or bronze. If the spider mites are not controlled, they can cause the death of the fruit.
1064:, which lay their eggs in overripe or spoiled papayas. The larvae of these flies then consume the fruit to gain nutrients until they can proceed into the pupal stage. This parasitism has led to extensive economic costs for nations in Central America.
579:
are five-parted and highly dimorphic; the male flowers have the stamens fused to the petals. There are two different types of papaya flowers. The female flowers have a superior ovary and five contorted petals loosely connected at the base.
3683:
645:
587:, and the female ones are in few-flowered dichasia. The pollen grains are elongated and approximately 35 microns in length. The flowers are sweet-scented, open at night, and are wind- or insect-pollinated.
945:
following major hurricanes, but is otherwise infrequent. In the rain forests of southern Mexico, papaya thrives and reproduces quickly in canopy gaps while dying off in the mature closed-canopy forests.
2946:
Rossetto M, Oliveira do
Nascimento J, Purgatto E, et al. (2008). "Benzylglucosinolate, benzyl isothiocyanate, and myrosinase activity in papaya fruit during development and ripening".
1122:
the papaya is now cultivated in most tropical countries. In cultivation, it grows rapidly, fruiting within three years. It is, however, highly frost-sensitive, limiting its production to
2249:
1198:
In transgenic papaya, resistance is produced by inserting the viral coat protein gene into the plant's genome. Doing so seems to cause a similar protective reaction in the plant to
1035:
lays its eggs inside of the fruit, possibly up to 100 or more eggs. The eggs usually hatch within 12 days when they begin to feed on seeds and interior parts of the fruit. When the
3684:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board, et al. (2019). Oria M, Harrison M, Stallings VA (eds.).
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and then to India. From
Malacca or the Philippines, papaya spread throughout Asia and into the South Pacific region. Credit for introducing papaya to Hawaii is often given to
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in the soil to emerge within one to two weeks later as mature flies. The infected papaya turns yellow and drops to the ground after the papaya fruit fly infestation.
4328:
4318:
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4248:
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1992:
763:
4152:
4122:
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4142:
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5016:
4132:
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Siar SV, Beligan GA, Sajise AJ, et al. (2011). "Papaya ringspot virus resistance in Carica papaya via introgression from
Vasconcellea quercifolia".
2340:
1407:
Both green papaya fruit and its latex are rich in papain, a cysteine protease used for tenderizing meat and other proteins, as practiced currently by
1091:, never fruit. The female produces small, inedible fruits unless pollinated. The hermaphrodite can self-pollinate since its flowers contain both male
4195:
1141:
The large-fruited, red-fleshed 'Maradol,' 'Sunrise,' and 'Caribbean Red' papayas often sold in U.S. markets are commonly grown in Mexico and Belize.
2147:(papaya salad) or cubed and eaten dipped in vinegar or salt. Green papaya is also a common ingredient or filling in various savory dishes such as
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4215:
2271:
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or softer), its skin has attained an amber to orange hue and along the walls of the large central cavity are attached numerous black seeds.
4986:
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4936:
3582:
3776:
3361:"Resistencia de Vasconcellea cauliflora al Virus de la mancha anular de la papaya-potyvirus (PRSV-P) y su introgresión en Carica papaya"
2561:
4839:
536:
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3690:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
3040:
Seigler D, Pauli G, Nahrstedt A, et al. (2002). "Cyanogenic allosides and glucosides from
Passiflora edulis and Carica papaya".
1370:
Papaya releases a latex fluid when not ripe, possibly causing irritation and an allergic reaction in some people. Because the enzyme
919:
Native to tropical
America, papaya originates from southern Mexico and Central America. Papaya is also considered native to southern
4637:
3655:
4996:
4712:
4650:
1072:
Historical accounts from 18th-century travelers and botanists suggested that papaya seeds were transported from the
Caribbean to
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3695:
3518:
3268:
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4717:
4011:
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938:
Wild populations of papaya are generally confined to naturally disturbed tropical forests. Papaya is found in abundance on
1138:, these are called "red papaya" and "yellow papaw," respectively. Either kind, picked green, is called a "green papaya."
3751:
1408:
4981:
4971:
4946:
3501:
Mishra R, Gaur RK, Patil BL (2016). "Current Knowledge of Viruses Infecting Papaya and Their Transgenic Management".
3439:
2771:
2316:
2086:
1415:. It is included as a component in some powdered meat tenderizers. Papaya is not suitable for foods which set due to
2527:
724:
584:
4976:
4769:
4686:
1134:
Two kinds of papayas are commonly grown. One has sweet, red, or orange flesh, and the other has yellow flesh; in
4857:
3464:
3915:"The Antimalarial Potential of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Malaria in Cameroonian Folk Medicine"
2068:
76:
3627:
3118:
5006:
2983:"Exploring the differential mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in the yellow peel and red flesh of papaya"
3421:
1988:
4629:
4616:
3651:
2817:
503:
where leaves and fruit were borne. The leaves are large, 50–70 cm (20–28 in) in diameter, deeply
2899:
Rivera-Pastrana D, Yahia E, González-Aguilar G (2010). "Phenolic and carotenoid profiles of papaya fruit (
1039:
mature, usually 16 days after being hatched, they eat their way out of the fruit, drop to the ground, and
4951:
4523:
2733:
2705:
3857:
1077:
4956:
4852:
3295:
1979:
4655:
2295:
1452:
620:
5001:
4779:
4738:
4308:
978:
942:
4941:
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4358:
4004:
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1150:
875:
and benzyl glucosinates, with skin and pulp levels that increase during ripening. The carotenoids,
129:
4844:
4756:
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644:
632:
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4624:
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4368:
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55:
17:
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1866:
1440:
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4611:
4456:
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4268:
4238:
1394:. The black seeds are edible and have a sharp, spicy taste. The unripe green fruit is usually
4730:
3975:
1827:
1010:
upper leaf surface as white fungal growth. Powdery mildew is not as severe as other diseases.
1840:
1187:
1155:
973:
872:
552:
246:
4880:
4818:
4678:
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2637:
524:
4572:
4415:
4385:
4338:
3535:"Papaya production in 2022; Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"
3049:
2912:
2823:. Western Institute for Food Safety & Security, University of California at Davis. 2016
2414:
1892:
1853:
1192:
751:
608:
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Male and female flowers are borne in the leaf axils; the male flowers are in multiflowered
44:
3891:
3089:
8:
5011:
4926:
3997:
2856:. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa: 1–2
2203:
1991:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1059:
985:
596:
94:
4831:
4603:
4505:
3185:
3133:
3053:
2916:
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cooking, both raw and cooked. In some parts of Asia, the young leaves of the papaya are
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3982:
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3914:
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3017:
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2219:
2185:
2010:
1879:
1807:
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124:
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2217:
cuisine, unripe green papayas are used to make a type of spicy salad known in Laos as
4813:
4546:
4172:
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3701:
3691:
3514:
3220:
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900:
3837:
Glossary of Filipino Food ...and essays on the world's "original fusion cuisine" too
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381:
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315:
309:
280:
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4528:
3359:
Ordaz-Pérez D, Gámez-Vázquez J, Hernández-Ruiz J, et al. (2 September 2017).
3272:
4921:
4787:
4515:
4378:
4186:
3604:
3510:
2788:
2553:
2402:
2350:
2129:. Unripe or nearly ripe papayas (with orange flesh but still hard and green) are
1420:
1111:
456:
436:
167:
35:
31:
3484:
802:
439:. It is grown in several countries in regions with a tropical climate. In 2022,
4826:
3685:
3607:. National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 27 April 2019
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2100:
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154:
109:
3962:
3730:
3377:
3360:
3334:
2999:
1378:
in sensitive individuals, meat that has been tenderized with it may induce an
1362:
In South Africa, papaya orchards yield up to 100 tonnes of fruit per hectare.
4910:
4725:
3971:
3806:
3224:
3008:
2640:. Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plant Products. pp. 336–346
2549:
2471:
2422:
2002:
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1195:
scientists, who made the modified seeds available to farmers without charge.
1115:
1084:
880:
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262:
114:
50:
30:
This article is about the papaya. Not to be confused with the South American
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2214:
1918:
1501:
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1015:
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Longitudinal section of fruit showing orange flesh and numerous black seeds
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4792:
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3443:
3406:
3255:
Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines
2945:
2875:
2700:
4751:
4663:
4538:
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3534:
2728:
2262:
2210:
2199:
2188:, the unripe green fruits and young leaves are boiled for use as part of
2022:
1485:
1412:
998:
932:
820:
428:
203:
3957:
2790:
Floral diagrams: an aid to understanding flower morphology and evolution
2195:
4642:
4092:
4083:
4021:
3919:
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines
2557:
2071: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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soft and having an off flavor because the fungus grows into the fruit.
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868:
864:
833:
543:
484:
424:
213:
2959:
2924:
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In Brazil and Paraguay, the unripe fruits are used to make sweets or
2331:
2236:
2140:
2130:
2030:
2018:
1785:
1772:
1759:
1623:
1307:
1135:
1099:. Almost all commercial papaya orchards contain only hermaphrodites.
928:
904:
572:
512:
4691:
4450:
3912:
3365:
Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology
2898:
2046:
887:
is dominant in the red flesh (table). Papaya seeds also contain the
4865:
4473:
2426:
2173:
2161:
2104:
2014:
1963:
1658:
1390:
The ripe fruit of the papaya is usually eaten raw, without skin or
1375:
1158:(PRV), part of a long line of attempts to transfer resistance from
1107:
1020:
960:
892:
884:
731:
696:
180:
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4559:
3735:
3561:"An Overview of Global Papaya Production, Trade, and Consumption"
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2108:
1603:
1459:
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1329:
1123:
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1103:
920:
700:
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to salty dishes. Nearly ripe papayas can also be eaten fresh as
4577:
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3201:
2442:
2430:
2362:
2323:
2257:
2167:
2155:
2026:
1742:
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1371:
1289:
1271:
1183:
1092:
1088:
924:
896:
876:
810:
576:
492:
488:
432:
427:, and also the name of its fruit. It was first domesticated in
419:
223:
193:
1347:
1058:
Papayas are one of the most common hosts for fruit flies like
3117:
Gonsalves, D., Tripathi, S., Carr, J.B., et al. (2010).
2417:, papaya leaves have been believed useful as a treatment for
2190:
2178:
1515:
1424:
1399:
1356:
1235:
1218:
1036:
508:
440:
415:
405:
396:
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366:
330:
141:
3257:. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. pp. 166–167.
2665:
3563:. Electronic Data Information Source, University of Florida
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500:
480:
357:
336:
321:
298:
295:
286:
3677:
3656:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
487:
growing from 5 to 10 m (16 to 33 ft) tall, with
471:
is used alternatively for the fruit only in some regions.
3320:
3039:
2006:
1545:
935:, spanning Hawaii, Central Africa, India, and Australia.
927:
no later than AD 300. Spaniards introduced papaya to the
333:
3183:
2903:
L.) and their contents under low-temperature storage".
1355:
In 2022, global production of papayas was 13.8 million
2876:"papaya | Description, Cultivation, Uses, & Facts"
2666:
Chávez-Pesqueira M, Núñez-Farfán J (1 December 2017).
931:
in the 16th century. Papaya cultivation is now nearly
2762:
Heywood V, Brummitt R, Culham A, et al. (2007).
2013:(table). In a 100-g amount, papaya fruit provides 43
1083:
Papaya plants grow in three sexes: male, female, and
3583:"Growing papayas: Easy to produce, tricky to market"
393:
387:
363:
354:
327:
318:
292:
283:
3463:Ronald, Pamela and McWilliams, James (14 May 2010)
2981:Shen YH, Yang FY, Lu BG, et al. (2019-01-16).
2556:or pawpaw usually means the plant belonging to the
1167:
384:
360:
324:
289:
3687:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
3131:
1431:properties of papain prevent gelatin from setting.
859:Papaya skin, pulp, and seeds contain a variety of
3913:Titanji, V.P., Zofou, D., Ngemenya, M.N. (2008).
2255:Green papaya is a traditional main ingredient of
1817:
1613:
1144:In 2011, Philippine researchers reported that by
507:lobed, with seven lobes. All plant parts contain
4908:
3541:, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2024
2840:
2838:
2668:"Domestication and Genetics of Papaya: A Review"
2505:U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. 9 May 2011
3500:
3110:
2786:
463:, and is also the name for the plant. The name
443:produced 38% of the world's supply of papayas.
3644:
3422:"Genetically Altered Papayas Save the Harvest"
3177:
3161:"Florida crop/pest management profile: papaya"
2980:
2125:after being introduced to the islands via the
1480:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
1102:Originally from southern Mexico (particularly
4019:
4005:
3261:
3125:
2844:
2835:
2780:
2460:
2029:(10% DV), but otherwise has a low content of
3625:
3158:
5017:Crops originating from indigenous Americans
3985:. California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. 1997.
3467:The New York Times, accessed 1 October 2012
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
914:
4012:
3998:
3652:United States Food and Drug Administration
3354:
3352:
3132:Hine B, Holtsmann O, Raabe R (July 1965).
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2522:
2520:
1411:, people of the Caribbean region, and the
883:, are prominent in the yellow skin, while
103:
75:
3930:
3777:"Champorado and the Manila Galleon Trade"
3405:
3376:
3016:
2998:
2793:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2683:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2177:, especially in the cuisines of northern
2087:Learn how and when to remove this message
1154:, they had developed papaya resistant to
479:The papaya is a small, sparsely branched
3271:. Papaya Australia. 2015. Archived from
3237:
3184:Cunningham, B., Nelson, S. (June 2012).
2812:
2810:
2652:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2001:Raw papaya pulp contains 88% water, 11%
1346:
959:
414:, one of the 21 accepted species in the
3906:
3619:
3527:
3503:Plant Viruses: Evolution and Management
3391:
3349:
3166:. University of Florida. Archived from
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
2748:
2562:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
2517:
2408:
14:
4909:
3833:"The green papaya in Filipino cuisine"
3749:
3385:
3252:
3083:
3081:
3079:
2847:"Why Some Papaya Plants Fail to Fruit"
2845:Chia CL, Manshardt RM (October 2001).
2635:
992:
699:when it feels soft (as soft as a ripe
4455:
4454:
3993:
3731:"Burmese Papaya Salad (Myanmar Food)"
3580:
3293:
2807:
2764:Flowering plant families of the world
2638:"Papaya; In: Fruits of Warm Climates"
2596:
4917:IUCN Red List data deficient species
4780:6df076a6-d12b-4da2-9a59-5c320b1c2869
4436:
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4279:
4269:
4259:
4249:
4239:
4070:
4060:
3978:at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
3539:UN Food and Agriculture Organization
3414:
3186:"Powdery mildew of papaya in Hawaii"
3143:
3087:
2974:
2069:adding citations to reliable sources
2040:
923:, introduced by predecessors of the
681: in) long and 10–30 cm (4–
4987:Medicinal plants of Central America
4962:Fruits originating in North America
4937:Crops originating from the Americas
3850:
3394:"Papaya genome project bears fruit"
3076:
2564:(2009), published in United States.
2491:
2472:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2454:
2202:with chilies and green tomatoes as
499:. The lower trunk is conspicuously
24:
4858:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30011248-2
3465:Genetically Engineered Distortions
3442:. Hawaiipapaya.com. Archived from
2726:
2698:
2672:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
25:
5028:
4173:
4163:
4153:
4143:
4133:
4123:
4113:
3950:
2194:salad, while the flower buds are
2036:
730:Mature tree with unripe fruit in
4992:Garden plants of Central America
3970:
3956:
3752:"First Taste Of Mexican Cuisine"
2396:
2373:
2339:
2315:
2294:
2270:
2248:
2045:
1980:Full Link to USDA Database entry
1451:
1439:
1300:
1282:
1264:
1246:
1228:
1168:Genetically engineered cultivars
908:
774:
762:
750:
738:
723:
711:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
551:
535:
523:
380:
350:
314:
279:
128:
84:Plant and fruit, from Koehler's
4216:
4206:
4196:
3876:
3825:
3799:
3769:
3743:
3723:
3712:from the original on 2024-05-09
3666:from the original on 2024-03-27
3597:
3574:
3553:
3494:
3470:
3457:
3432:
3314:
3287:
3246:
3231:
3195:
3033:
2939:
2892:
2868:
2056:needs additional citations for
2025:, DV) and a moderate source of
2017:and is a significant source of
1385:
1351:Worldwide papaya production map
34:or the Eastern North American "
27:Species of tropical fruit plant
4997:Garden plants of South America
3750:Alonso N (15 September 2009).
2720:
2692:
2584:. World Flora Consortium. 2022
2567:
2542:
2206:papaya flower vegetable dish.
2133:and are commonly pickled into
1186:sequenced. In response to the
1067:
474:
13:
1:
4932:Crops originating from Mexico
3961:The dictionary definition of
3858:"What to eat in Philippines?"
3134:"Disease of papaya in Hawaii"
3062:10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00170-x
2448:
1342:
964:Different birds eating papaya
695: in) in diameter. It is
431:, within modern-day southern
3511:10.1007/978-981-10-1406-2_11
3329:(2). SpringerLink: 159–168.
1987:Percentages estimated using
1469:
1129:
854:
446:
7:
3626:Donna Pierce (2006-01-18).
3294:Sagon C (13 October 2004).
3159:Mossler M, Crane J (2008).
2734:Online Etymology Dictionary
2706:Online Etymology Dictionary
2560:family or its fruit. Ref.:
2436:
2139:, which is ubiquitous as a
1365:
1191:modifications were made by
895:. The green fruit contains
495:confined to the top of the
10:
5033:
3300:Market Watch (13 Oct 2004)
3242:. Wallingford : CABI.
2787:Ronse De Craene L (2010).
1490:179 kJ (43 kcal)
968:
953:
949:
566:
29:
4463:
4228:
4185:
4102:
4082:
4049:
4029:
3581:Botha L (16 March 2021).
3378:10.18781/r.mex.fit.1703-4
3335:10.1007/s10681-011-0388-z
3000:10.1186/s12864-018-5388-0
2530:. Collins Dictionary. n.d
2121:Papayas became a part of
1986:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1954:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1784:
1771:
1758:
1741:
1725:
1708:
1691:
1674:
1657:
1622:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1326:
1208:Papaya production – 2022
1207:
1087:. The male produces only
1013:The fungus-like oomycete
842:
831:
819:
809:
794:
757:Papayas with yellow flesh
252:
245:
125:Scientific classification
123:
101:
92:
83:
74:
69:
4982:Plants described in 1753
4972:Trees of Central America
4947:Flora of Central America
2334:wrapped in papaya leaves
2099:Green papaya is used in
1151:Vasconcellea quercifolia
1078:Francisco de Paula Marín
1026:
915:Distribution and habitat
658:
638:Close-up of male flowers
483:, usually with a single
3119:"Papaya ringspot virus"
2880:Encyclopedia Britannica
2685:10.3389/fevo.2017.00155
2429:, or smoked to relieve
1989:US recommendations
1048:two-spotted spider mite
956:List of papaya diseases
667:about 15–45 cm (6–
56:Papaya (disambiguation)
51:Pseudocydonia chinensis
4977:Trees of South America
3217:10.1006/bcon.1996.0022
2479:: e.T20681422A20694916
2461:Contreras, A. (2016).
1993:the National Academies
1352:
965:
873:benzyl isothiocyanates
54:. For other uses, see
3884:"Green Papaya Recipe"
3407:10.1038/news.2008.772
3302:. The Washington Post
2388:fried in coconut oil.
2384:dish with papaya and
1588:Vitamins and minerals
1350:
1188:papaya ringspot virus
1164:species into papaya.
1156:papaya ringspot virus
974:Papaya ringspot virus
963:
663:The fruit is a large
5007:Tropical agriculture
3862:FoodYouShouldTry.com
3505:. pp. 189–203.
3238:Duarte O PR (2010).
2415:traditional medicine
2409:Traditional medicine
2065:improve this article
1409:indigenous Americans
1193:University of Hawaii
1019:causes damping-off,
979:genetic modification
45:Chaenomeles speciosa
4409:. sphaerocarpa
4312:. horovitziana
4282:. crassipetala
4209:. heterophylla
3894:on 20 November 2021
3632:The Chicago Tribune
3054:2002PChem..60..873S
2917:2010JSFA...90.2358R
2230:It is also used in
2223:and in Thailand as
1710:Pantothenic acid (B
1476:
993:Fungi and oomycetes
986:papaya mosaic virus
791:
790:Genomic information
95:Conservation status
4952:Flora of Venezuela
4439:. weberbaueri
4399:. quercifolia
4362:. palandensis
4262:. cestriflora
4156:. heptaphylla
4126:. corumbensis
3781:Ariana Eats Lumpia
3490:on March 31, 2012.
3440:"Hawaiipapaya.com"
3275:on 6 February 2016
3269:"Papaya Varieties"
3253:Boning CR (2006).
3240:Tropical Fruits, 1
3205:Biological Control
2636:Morton JF (1987).
2582:World Flora Online
2310:green papaya salad
2186:Indonesian cuisine
1944:Other constituents
1474:
1353:
1254:Dominican Republic
966:
844:Year of completion
789:
4957:Flora of Colombia
4904:
4903:
4814:Open Tree of Life
4457:Taxon identifiers
4448:
4447:
4372:. parviflora
4352:. omnilingua
4332:. microcarpa
4322:. longiflora
4302:. goudotiana
4292:. glandulosa
4252:. cauliflora
4146:. dolichaula
4116:. chocoensis
4093:H. cnidoscoloides
4063:. parviflora
3864:. 26 October 2017
3813:. 4 December 2014
3787:on 15 August 2018
3697:978-0-309-48834-1
3585:. Farmer's Weekly
3520:978-981-10-1405-5
2960:10.1021/jf801934x
2948:J Agric Food Chem
2925:10.1002/jsfa.4092
2800:978-0-521-49346-8
2766:. Firefly Books.
2359:drumstick (fruit)
2145:ensaladang papaya
2097:
2096:
2089:
2005:, and negligible
1999:
1998:
1934:
1933:
1380:allergic reaction
1340:
1339:
1336:
1222:
1124:tropical climates
901:cysteine protease
852:
851:
269:
268:
118:
16:(Redirected from
5024:
5002:Ornamental trees
4897:
4896:
4884:
4883:
4874:
4873:
4861:
4860:
4848:
4847:
4835:
4834:
4822:
4821:
4809:
4808:
4796:
4795:
4783:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4760:
4759:
4747:
4746:
4734:
4733:
4721:
4720:
4708:
4707:
4695:
4694:
4682:
4681:
4672:
4671:
4659:
4658:
4646:
4645:
4633:
4632:
4620:
4619:
4607:
4606:
4594:
4593:
4581:
4580:
4568:
4567:
4555:
4554:
4542:
4541:
4532:
4531:
4519:
4518:
4509:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4452:
4451:
4438:
4429:. stipulata
4428:
4418:
4408:
4398:
4388:
4371:
4361:
4351:
4341:
4331:
4321:
4311:
4301:
4291:
4281:
4272:. chilensis
4271:
4261:
4251:
4242:. candicans
4241:
4218:
4208:
4198:
4175:
4165:
4155:
4145:
4135:
4125:
4115:
4072:
4062:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3974:
3960:
3945:
3944:
3934:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3890:. Archived from
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3783:. Archived from
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3483:. Archived from
3482:
3474:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3392:Borrell (2008).
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3296:"Maradol Papaya"
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3173:on 30 June 2017.
3172:
3165:
3156:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3074:
3073:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3020:
3002:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2905:J Sci Food Agric
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2759:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2663:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2633:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2571:
2565:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2458:
2386:scrapped coconut
2380:Pappaya Thoran,
2377:
2343:
2319:
2298:
2274:
2252:
2123:Filipino cuisine
2092:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2049:
2041:
1821:
1746:
1730:
1713:
1696:
1679:
1662:
1624:Vitamin A equiv.
1617:
1584:
1583:
1477:
1473:
1458:Papaya jam from
1455:
1443:
1327:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1200:cross-protection
1033:papaya fruit fly
827:
805:
792:
788:
778:
766:
754:
742:
727:
715:
694:
693:
689:
686:
680:
679:
675:
672:
647:
635:
623:
611:
599:
555:
546:of papaya leaves
539:
527:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
313:
305:
304:
301:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
258:
133:
132:
112:
107:
106:
86:Medicinal-Plants
79:
67:
66:
21:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5021:
4942:Flora of Mexico
4907:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4892:
4887:
4879:
4877:
4869:
4864:
4856:
4851:
4843:
4838:
4830:
4825:
4817:
4812:
4804:
4799:
4791:
4788:Observation.org
4786:
4778:
4776:
4768:
4763:
4755:
4750:
4742:
4737:
4729:
4724:
4716:
4711:
4703:
4698:
4690:
4685:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4662:
4654:
4649:
4641:
4636:
4628:
4623:
4615:
4610:
4602:
4597:
4589:
4584:
4576:
4571:
4563:
4558:
4550:
4545:
4537:
4535:
4527:
4522:
4514:
4512:
4504:
4502:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4459:
4449:
4444:
4224:
4181:
4166:. mexicana
4136:. digitata
4098:
4078:
4045:
4025:
4018:
3981:
3953:
3948:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3888:Vegetarian Yums
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3756:PhilStar Global
3748:
3744:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3715:
3713:
3698:
3682:
3678:
3669:
3667:
3649:
3645:
3636:
3634:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3579:
3575:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3390:
3386:
3357:
3350:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3251:
3247:
3236:
3232:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3182:
3178:
3170:
3163:
3157:
3144:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3092:
3088:Ward D (2011).
3086:
3077:
3038:
3034:
2979:
2975:
2944:
2940:
2911:(14): 2358–65.
2897:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2854:Fruits and Nuts
2849:
2843:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2760:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2697:
2693:
2664:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2634:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2439:
2411:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2378:
2369:
2344:
2335:
2320:
2311:
2299:
2290:
2275:
2266:
2253:
2127:Manila galleons
2107:and eaten like
2101:Southeast Asian
2093:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2062:
2050:
2039:
1982:
1977:
1925:
1912:
1899:
1886:
1873:
1860:
1847:
1834:
1822:
1792:
1779:
1766:
1753:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1711:
1703:
1694:
1686:
1677:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1630:
1618:
1589:
1578:
1573:
1554:
1549:
1510:
1505:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1444:
1388:
1368:
1345:
1301:
1299:
1283:
1281:
1265:
1263:
1247:
1245:
1229:
1227:
1170:
1132:
1118:, and southern
1112:Central America
1070:
1029:
995:
971:
958:
952:
917:
903:enzyme used to
857:
825:
801:
787:
786:
785:
782:
779:
770:
767:
758:
755:
746:
743:
734:
728:
719:
716:
691:
687:
684:
682:
677:
673:
670:
668:
661:
656:
655:
654:
651:
648:
639:
636:
627:
624:
615:
612:
603:
600:
569:
564:
563:
562:
559:
556:
547:
540:
531:
528:
511:in articulated
477:
449:
437:Central America
383:
379:
353:
349:
317:
308:
307:
282:
278:
271:
270:
265:
260:
254:
241:
127:
119:
108:
104:
97:
59:
32:Mountain papaya
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5030:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4967:Tropical fruit
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:wfo-0000588009
4885:
4875:
4862:
4849:
4836:
4823:
4810:
4797:
4784:
4774:
4761:
4748:
4735:
4722:
4709:
4696:
4683:
4673:
4660:
4647:
4634:
4621:
4608:
4595:
4582:
4569:
4556:
4543:
4533:
4520:
4510:
4500:
4485:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4432:
4422:
4419:. sprucei
4412:
4402:
4392:
4389:. pulchra
4382:
4375:
4365:
4355:
4345:
4342:. monoica
4335:
4325:
4315:
4305:
4295:
4285:
4275:
4265:
4255:
4245:
4234:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4202:
4199:. chocola
4191:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4176:. spinosa
4169:
4159:
4149:
4139:
4129:
4119:
4108:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4073:. solmsii
4066:
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4035:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4017:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3979:
3968:
3952:
3951:External links
3949:
3947:
3946:
3925:(3): 302–321.
3905:
3875:
3849:
3824:
3798:
3768:
3742:
3722:
3696:
3676:
3643:
3618:
3596:
3573:
3552:
3526:
3519:
3493:
3469:
3456:
3431:
3413:
3384:
3348:
3313:
3286:
3260:
3245:
3230:
3211:(2): 177–185.
3194:
3176:
3142:
3124:
3109:
3075:
3042:Phytochemistry
3032:
2973:
2954:(20): 9592–9.
2938:
2891:
2867:
2834:
2806:
2799:
2779:
2772:
2747:
2719:
2691:
2651:
2595:
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2410:
2407:
2398:
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2379:
2372:
2370:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2300:
2293:
2291:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2220:tam maak hoong
2095:
2094:
2077:September 2023
2053:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2037:Southeast Asia
2035:
1997:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1946:
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1936:
1935:
1932:
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1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1915:
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1910:
1908:
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1901:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1427:) because the
1387:
1384:
1367:
1364:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:United Nations
1324:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1224:
1223:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1175:was the first
1169:
1166:
1131:
1128:
1069:
1066:
1028:
1025:
1007:powdery mildew
994:
991:
970:
967:
951:
948:
916:
913:
861:phytochemicals
856:
853:
850:
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:
829:
828:
826:372 million bp
823:
817:
816:
813:
807:
806:
799:
784:
783:
780:
773:
771:
768:
761:
759:
756:
749:
747:
744:
737:
735:
729:
722:
720:
717:
710:
707:
706:
705:
660:
657:
653:
652:
649:
642:
640:
637:
630:
628:
625:
618:
616:
614:Female flowers
613:
606:
604:
601:
594:
591:
590:
589:
568:
565:
561:
560:
557:
550:
548:
541:
534:
532:
529:
522:
519:
518:
517:
476:
473:
448:
445:
423:of the family
267:
266:
261:
250:
249:
243:
242:
238:C. papaya
235:
233:
229:
228:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
165:
158:
157:
152:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
121:
120:
110:Data Deficient
102:
99:
98:
93:
90:
89:
81:
80:
72:
71:
63:
62:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5029:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4895:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4872:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4674:
4670:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4530:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4496:
4495:Carica papaya
4490:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4465:Carica papaya
4462:
4458:
4453:
4441:
4440:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4015:
4010:
4008:
4003:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3967:at Wiktionary
3966:
3965:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3909:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3680:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3606:
3600:
3584:
3577:
3562:
3556:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3522:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3486:
3479:
3473:
3466:
3460:
3446:on 2015-01-07
3445:
3441:
3435:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3353:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3256:
3249:
3241:
3234:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3198:
3187:
3180:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3113:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:(8): 873–82.
3047:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:Carica papaya
2895:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2773:9781554072064
2769:
2765:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2723:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2570:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2550:North America
2545:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2504:
2502:
2501:Carica papaya
2494:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2465:Carica papaya
2457:
2453:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2423:abortifacient
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2397:South America
2387:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2289:green papayas
2288:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2091:
2088:
2080:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2054:This section
2052:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2033:(see table).
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:carbohydrates
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1748:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1676:Riboflavin (B
1673:
1666:
1664:
1656:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1628:beta-Carotene
1625:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:Dietary fiber
1523:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:Carbohydrates
1497:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1217:(millions of
1215:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:Carica papaya
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:South America
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:hermaphrodite
1081:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1000:
990:
987:
982:
980:
975:
962:
957:
947:
944:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:beta-carotene
878:
874:
871:, as well as
870:
866:
862:
847:
845:
841:
837:
835:
830:
824:
822:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
797:
793:
777:
772:
765:
760:
753:
748:
741:
736:
733:
726:
721:
714:
709:
708:
704:
702:
698:
666:
650:Pollen grains
646:
641:
634:
629:
622:
617:
610:
605:
598:
593:
592:
588:
586:
581:
578:
574:
554:
549:
545:
538:
533:
526:
521:
520:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:derives from
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:
417:
413:
412:
411:Carica papaya
407:
401:
377:
371:
347:
341:
311:
303:
276:
264:
259:
257:
256:Carica papaya
251:
248:
247:Binomial name
244:
240:
239:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:Tracheophytes
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
122:
116:
111:
100:
96:
91:
87:
82:
78:
73:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
52:
47:
46:
41:
38:". For other
37:
33:
19:
4464:
4434:
4424:
4414:
4404:
4394:
4384:
4379:V. pubescens
4377:
4367:
4357:
4347:
4337:
4327:
4317:
4307:
4297:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4257:
4247:
4237:
4230:Vasconcellea
4214:
4204:
4194:
4171:
4161:
4151:
4141:
4131:
4121:
4111:
4091:
4068:
4058:
4051:Cylicomorpha
4039:
4038:
3963:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3892:the original
3887:
3878:
3866:. Retrieved
3861:
3852:
3840:. Retrieved
3836:
3827:
3815:. Retrieved
3810:
3801:
3789:. Retrieved
3785:the original
3780:
3771:
3759:. Retrieved
3755:
3745:
3734:
3725:
3714:. Retrieved
3686:
3679:
3668:. Retrieved
3659:
3646:
3635:. Retrieved
3631:
3621:
3609:. Retrieved
3599:
3587:. Retrieved
3576:
3565:. Retrieved
3555:
3543:. Retrieved
3529:
3502:
3496:
3485:the original
3472:
3459:
3448:. Retrieved
3444:the original
3434:
3425:
3416:
3397:
3387:
3368:
3364:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3299:
3289:
3277:. Retrieved
3273:the original
3263:
3254:
3248:
3239:
3233:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3179:
3168:the original
3127:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3097:The Palmetto
3096:
3045:
3041:
3035:
2990:
2987:BMC Genomics
2986:
2976:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2883:. Retrieved
2879:
2870:
2858:. Retrieved
2853:
2827:10 September
2825:. Retrieved
2789:
2782:
2763:
2738:. Retrieved
2732:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2704:
2694:
2675:
2671:
2642:. Retrieved
2586:. Retrieved
2581:
2576:
2569:
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2507:. Retrieved
2500:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2476:
2470:
2464:
2456:
2412:
2400:
2355:bitter gourd
2346:
2322:
2301:
2277:
2256:
2235:
2232:Thai curries
2224:
2218:
2208:
2189:
2183:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2120:
2113:
2098:
2083:
2074:
2063:Please help
2058:verification
2055:
2021:(75% of the
2015:kilocalories
2000:
1948:
1943:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1568:
1544:
1500:
1475:Papayas, raw
1446:Papaya juice
1406:
1404:
1389:
1386:Culinary use
1369:
1361:
1354:
1317:
1199:
1197:
1182:to have its
1172:
1171:
1161:Vasconcellea
1159:
1149:
1148:papaya with
1143:
1140:
1133:
1101:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1030:
1016:Phytophthora
1014:
1012:
1004:
996:
983:
972:
937:
918:
863:, including
858:
781:Papaya seeds
718:Unripe fruit
662:
626:Male flowers
582:
571:Papayas are
570:
478:
468:
464:
452:
450:
418:
410:
409:
375:
345:
274:
272:
255:
253:
237:
236:
224:
187:
174:
161:
148:
85:
64:
60:
49:
43:
39:
4832:kew-2700919
4752:NatureServe
4664:iNaturalist
4489:Wikispecies
4219:. nana
3898:15 December
3868:15 December
3842:15 December
3817:15 December
3791:15 December
3761:15 December
2740:17 November
2712:17 November
2588:17 November
2509:5 September
2263:Philippines
2023:Daily Value
1659:Thiamine (B
1413:Philippines
1398:due to its
1374:acts as an
1146:hybridizing
1114:, northern
1095:and female
1068:Cultivation
1061:A. suspensa
1005:The fungus
999:anthracnose
997:The fungus
933:pantropical
869:polyphenols
865:carotenoids
834:chromosomes
821:Genome size
475:Description
429:Mesoamerica
204:Brassicales
168:Angiosperms
5012:Cauliflory
4927:Caricaceae
4911:Categories
4827:Plant List
4692:30011248-2
4084:Horovitzia
4022:Caricaceae
3716:2024-06-21
3670:2024-03-28
3637:2020-06-04
3567:2014-02-07
3450:2013-06-15
3279:9 December
2885:2020-07-28
2727:Harper D.
2699:Harper D.
2644:27 October
2558:Annonaceae
2449:References
2361:, papaya,
2353:dish with
2234:, such as
2200:stir-fried
1880:Phosphorus
1636:zeaxanthin
1343:Production
1180:fruit tree
1177:transgenic
954:See also:
940:Everglades
907:meat (see
891:substance
889:cyanogenic
832:Number of
745:Ripe fruit
544:phyllotaxy
513:laticifers
425:Caricaceae
214:Caricaceae
4630:200014477
4617:200014477
4599:FloraBase
4104:Jacaratia
4040:C. papaya
3323:Euphytica
3225:1049-9644
3102:1 January
3009:1471-2164
2993:(1): 49.
2818:"Papayas"
2483:4 January
2427:purgative
2403:preserves
2332:anchovies
2237:kaeng som
2204:Minahasan
2141:side dish
2131:julienned
2031:nutrients
2019:vitamin C
1893:Potassium
1867:Manganese
1854:Magnesium
1786:Vitamin K
1773:Vitamin E
1760:Vitamin C
1743:Folate (B
1727:Vitamin B
1693:Niacin (B
1470:Nutrition
1429:enzymatic
1419:(such as
1402:content.
1308:Indonesia
1136:Australia
1130:Cultivars
929:Old World
905:tenderize
855:Chemistry
798:genome ID
573:dioecious
530:Seedlings
505:palmately
491:arranged
451:The word
447:Etymology
404:) is the
232:Species:
138:Kingdom:
4866:Tropicos
4757:2.129849
4731:20681422
4705:10591092
4536:BioLib:
4474:Wikidata
3983:"Papaya"
3941:20161952
3807:"Achara"
3710:Archived
3706:30844154
3664:Archived
3654:(2024).
3628:"Papaya"
3611:29 April
3605:"Papain"
3589:11 March
3426:mhhe.com
3343:40741527
3090:"Papaya"
3070:12150815
3027:30651061
2968:18826320
2933:20632382
2701:"papaya"
2534:25 April
2437:See also
2329:Javanese
2284:Filipino
2174:empanada
2162:ginataan
1964:Lycopene
1949:Quantity
1814:Quantity
1808:Minerals
1737:0.038 mg
1721:0.191 mg
1704:0.357 mg
1687:0.027 mg
1670:0.023 mg
1610:Quantity
1604:Vitamins
1376:allergen
1366:Toxicity
1328:Source:
1213:Country
1108:Veracruz
1021:root rot
943:hammocks
893:prunasin
885:lycopene
732:Kinshasa
585:dichasia
489:spirally
408:species
210:Family:
181:Eudicots
115:IUCN 3.1
4871:6100032
4806:1491753
4739:MoBotPF
4643:2874484
4560:Ecocrop
4187:Jarilla
4024:species
4020:Extant
3932:2816552
3736:YouTube
3545:4 March
3306:21 July
3050:Bibcode
3018:6335806
2913:Bibcode
2860:1 April
2729:"papaw"
2528:"Papaw"
2419:malaria
2367:pumpkin
2351:Bengali
2303:Som tam
2287:pickled
2279:Atchara
2261:in the
2226:som tam
2196:sautéed
2136:atchara
2116:Myanmar
2109:spinach
2105:steamed
2011:protein
1968:1828 µg
1926:0.08 mg
1874:0.04 mg
1848:0.25 mg
1828:Calcium
1570:Protein
1509:10.82 g
1460:Senegal
1417:gelatin
1332:of the
1330:FAOSTAT
1120:Florida
1104:Chiapas
1097:ovaries
1093:stamens
1074:Malacca
969:Viruses
950:Ecology
921:Florida
815:diploid
701:avocado
690:⁄
676:⁄
577:flowers
567:Flowers
542:Coiled
501:scarred
461:Spanish
220:Genus:
200:Order:
142:Plantae
113: (
88:(1887)
70:Papaya
18:Papayas
4922:Papaya
4881:450900
4878:uBio:
4845:CAPA23
4840:PLANTS
4819:429474
4793:206944
4777:NZOR:
4744:279021
4578:585682
4529:112075
4513:APDB:
4503:AoFP:
4480:Q34887
4031:Carica
3976:Papaya
3939:
3929:
3811:SBS TV
3704:
3694:
3517:
3398:Ugr.es
3341:
3223:
3068:
3025:
3015:
3007:
2966:
2931:
2797:
2770:
2577:Carica
2443:Babaco
2431:asthma
2382:Kerala
2365:, and
2363:potato
2324:Buntil
2258:tinola
2171:, and
2168:lumpia
2156:tinola
2027:folate
1906:Sodium
1900:182 mg
1793:2.6 μg
1780:0.3 mg
1649:274 μg
1633:lutein
1577:0.47 g
1553:0.26 g
1520:7.82 g
1516:Sugars
1486:Energy
1396:cooked
1372:papain
1357:tonnes
1305:
1290:Mexico
1287:
1272:Brazil
1269:
1251:
1233:
1219:tonnes
1184:genome
1089:pollen
1041:pupate
1037:larvae
925:Calusa
897:papain
877:lutein
811:Ploidy
575:. The
493:leaves
469:pawpaw
457:Arawak
453:papaya
433:Mexico
420:Carica
376:pawpaw
275:papaya
225:Carica
194:Rosids
36:pawpaw
4718:22324
4700:IRMNG
4679:13951
4676:IPA:
4669:62811
4604:49629
4591:CIAPA
4539:62005
4516:12066
3964:papaw
3488:(PDF)
3481:(PDF)
3478:"TF5"
3371:(3).
3339:S2CID
3189:(PDF)
3171:(PDF)
3164:(PDF)
3137:(PDF)
3093:(PDF)
2850:(PDF)
2821:(PDF)
2554:papaw
2421:, an
2347:Sukto
2191:lalab
2179:Luzon
1955:Water
1887:10 mg
1861:21 mg
1835:20 mg
1767:62 mg
1754:38 μg
1652:89 μg
1644:47 μg
1530:1.7 g
1425:aspic
1421:jelly
1400:latex
1392:seeds
1322:13.8
1318:World
1236:India
1027:Pests
909:below
665:berry
659:Fruit
509:latex
497:trunk
465:papaw
441:India
416:genus
406:plant
374:) or
346:papaw
188:Clade
175:Clade
162:Clade
149:Clade
40:mugua
4853:POWO
4801:OBIS
4770:3649
4765:NCBI
4726:IUCN
4713:ITIS
4687:IPNI
4656:9147
4651:GRIN
4638:GBIF
4586:EPPO
4552:RCZK
4524:APNI
4506:1699
3937:PMID
3900:2018
3870:2018
3844:2018
3819:2018
3793:2018
3763:2018
3702:PMID
3692:ISBN
3613:2019
3591:2023
3547:2024
3515:ISBN
3308:2011
3281:2015
3221:ISSN
3104:2022
3066:PMID
3023:PMID
3005:ISSN
2964:PMID
2929:PMID
2862:2015
2829:2017
2795:ISBN
2768:ISBN
2742:2022
2714:2022
2646:2023
2590:2022
2536:2014
2511:2017
2485:2022
2477:2016
2425:, a
2308:Thai
2215:Thai
2213:and
2198:and
2150:okoy
2009:and
1958:88 g
1919:Zinc
1913:8 mg
1841:Iron
1312:1.1
1294:1.1
1276:1.1
1258:1.3
1240:5.3
1106:and
1046:The
1031:The
984:The
899:, a
879:and
867:and
848:2014
796:NCBI
697:ripe
602:Buds
558:Leaf
485:stem
481:tree
459:via
435:and
273:The
42:see
4889:WFO
4625:FoC
4612:FNA
4573:EoL
4565:630
4547:CoL
3927:PMC
3660:FDA
3507:doi
3402:doi
3373:doi
3331:doi
3327:181
3213:doi
3058:doi
3013:PMC
2995:doi
2956:doi
2921:doi
2680:doi
2579:L."
2548:In
2503:L."
2413:In
2211:Lao
2209:In
2184:In
2114:In
2067:by
2007:fat
1819:%DV
1765:69%
1752:10%
1615:%DV
1546:Fat
1423:or
1110:),
911:).
803:513
467:or
348:, (
344:),
48:or
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4891::
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3921:.
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3809:.
3779:.
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3662:.
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3630:.
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3369:35
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3095:.
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3064:.
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3046:60
3044:.
3021:.
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2991:20
2989:.
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2962:.
2952:56
2950:.
2927:.
2919:.
2909:90
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2878:.
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2731:.
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2598:^
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2475:.
2469:.
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2349:,
2327:,
2306:,
2282:,
2240:.
2181:.
2165:,
2159:,
2153:,
2111:.
1924:1%
1911:0%
1898:6%
1885:1%
1872:2%
1859:5%
1846:1%
1833:2%
1791:2%
1778:2%
1735:2%
1719:4%
1702:2%
1685:2%
1668:2%
1647:3%
1642:5%
1382:.
981:.
838:36
683:11
669:17
515:.
397:ɔː
391:ɔː
367:ɔː
331:ɑː
312::
310:US
306:,
296:aɪ
263:L.
190::
177::
164::
151::
4437:V
4427:V
4417:V
4407:V
4397:V
4387:V
4370:V
4360:V
4350:V
4340:V
4330:V
4320:V
4310:V
4300:V
4290:V
4280:V
4270:V
4260:V
4250:V
4240:V
4217:J
4207:J
4197:J
4174:J
4164:J
4154:J
4144:J
4134:J
4124:J
4114:J
4071:C
4061:C
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3923:5
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3795:.
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290:ˈ
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