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lava flows which are much thicker than these of the Malku unit; they crop out north and northwest of Paniri and one date obtained from this unit is 1.39 ± 0.28 million years ago. These two units define the "shield" stage of Paniri, the longest lasting and most voluminous phase of volcanic activity at
640:
Native people, considered to be Inka, made the first ascents of this mountain. Claudio Lucero and Nelson Muñoz made the first recorded ascent of Paniri in 1972. They found archaeological remains on its summit, which along with similar sanctuaries at
Licancabur and other mountains are considered to be
301:
activity on its southeastern slope. The volcano developed in several different stages with substages; the first stage formed a shield like volcano with most of its volume, the later ones formed the cone and "main edifice". One date obtained from the youngest stage is 150,000 years ago, with an
684:
The last three units of Paniri are the
Viscachas, Laguna and Llareta units. The former consists of lava flows on the southeastern flank, with dates of 325,000 ± 8,000 and 300,000 ± 100,000 years before present. The Laguna unit again features lava flows but also
1341:
Godoy, Benigno; Lazcano, JosĂ©; RodrĂguez, InĂ©s; MartĂnez, Paula; Parada, Miguel Angel; Le Roux, Petrus; Wilke, Hans-Gerhard; Polanco, Edmundo (July 2018). "Geological evolution of Paniri volcano, Central Andes, northern Chile".
1463:
Morales, J.R.; Cancino, S.; Miranda, P.; Dinator, M.I.; Seelenfreund, A. (November 2007). "Application of PIXE to the characterization of vitreous dacites from archaeolgical sites in the
Atacama region in northern Chile".
693:
material, and one age of 169,000 ± 5,000 was obtained on its rocks. The last unit, Llareta, was erupted by the summit vent which generated lava flows on the northeastern and southwestern sectors of the volcano, plus large
698:. Its age ranges 264,000 ± 99,000 to 150,000 ± 6,000 years before present. These are considered to be the Old Cone and New Cone stages of volcano growth. The volcano was formerly considered to be of Holocene age.
665:
Afterwards, the widespread Las
Lenguas unit was emplaced which consists of blocky lava flows with some thin pyroclastic deposits. Ages of 640,000 ± 140,000 to 400,000 ± 100,000 have been obtained by
1389:"Branchinecta brushi n. sp. (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Branchinectidae) from a Volcanic Crater in Northern Chile (Antofagasta Province): A New Altitude Record for Crustaceans"
681:
on the northwestern flank of Paniri (one of these is dated to 402,000 ± 46,000 years ago). This is considered to be the "main edifice" stage of volcano growth at Paniri.
1140:
841:
Francis, P.W.; Silva, S.L. De (1989). "Application of the
Landsat Thematic Mapper to the identification of potentially active volcanoes in the central Andes".
735:
657:
deposit) Malku unit which crops out in the northwestern sector of the volcano and the Los Gordos unit. The Los Gordos unit consists of pyroclastics and
695:
1024:
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was discovered in 2009 in the crater lake of Paniri. The occurrence of this shrimp at Paniri made it the highest finding of
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age, but well preserved surface features indicate it may be still active. Other parts of the volcano have been subject to
1424:"Conductivity Distribution Beneath the San Pedro-Linzor Volcanic Chain, North Chile, Using 3-D Magnetotelluric Modeling"
391:
The volcano is formed by about two units and contains three summit craters and one vent; one of the craters contains a
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beneath the western margin of South
America. This subduction process is responsible for the volcanism in the
720:
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of Inka origin. Paniri is the sacred mountain for the village of
Ayquina, and was also used as a source of
85:
1466:
Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
1037:
210:
135:
580:; the exact composition varies between various units. Alteration of the erupted rocks has given rise to
715:
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368:, a volcanic belt in the Andes. Other than Paniri, other volcanoes in the Central Volcanic Zone are
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with dimensions of 6 by 12 metres (20 ft Ă— 39 ft). The volcano is topped off with a
1422:
Mancini, Renzo; DĂaz, Daniel; Brasse, Heinrich; Godoy, Benigno; Hernández, MarĂa JosĂ© (May 2019).
1513:
1316:
1132:
1541:
908:
Guest, J. E.; R, J. Sánchez (1 September 1969). "A large dacitic lava flow in northern chile".
289:
The volcano features lava flows, which are well preserved on the south-southwest flanks, and a
198:
51:
28:
1519:
1025:"Análisis de Inclusiones Fundidas de la Cadena Volcánica San Pedro – Linzor, Andes Centrales"
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borders Paniri to the southeast and separates it from Cerro del Leon. The towns of Cupo and
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Paniri is part of the San Pedro-Linzor volcanic chain, a chain of volcanoes formed by
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material. Atop this basement Paniri developed together with other volcanoes such as
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View of the San Pedro de
Inacaliri River with the Paniri volcano in the background
1157:
Rivera, Mario A. (1 March 1991). "The prehistory of northern Chile: A synthesis".
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lead around the northern and western flanks of the volcano. The large lava flow
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in a linear volcanic chain, the San Pedro-Linzor complex which is formed by
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anomalies imply that there is still a geothermal system under Paniri; a
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The first units erupted by Paniri are the mainly lavic (plus one
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lie west-southwest and south-southwest of Paniri, respectively.
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age, Paniri was later determined that to be of
Pleistocene age.
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1202:"Sacred Mountains in the Highlands of the South-Central Andes"
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genesis at Paniri appears to involve both the assimilation of
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The basement that Paniri is constructed on consists of both
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10.1659/0276-4741(2003)023[0073:SMITHO]2.0.CO;2
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345:. The volcano rises between Cerro Carcanal in the west and
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321:. Composition of the rocks erupted by Paniri ranges from
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881:
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1387:
Hegna, Thomas A.; Lazo-Wasem, Eric A. (11 June 2010).
1200:
Castro, Victoria; Aldunate, Carlos (1 February 2003).
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Paniri (top left), the Chao dacite dome complex, and
736:
List of andean peaks with known pre-columbian ascents
817:(in Spanish). Editorial Universitaria. p. 215.
403:
extend from the summit and form the foot of Paniri.
1550:
1023:Godoy, Benigno; Wörner, Gerhard; Kojima, Shoji.
1386:
799:"Argentina and Chile, North: Ultra-Prominences"
302:uncertainty of 6,000 years. Once considered of
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497:and whose existence may be due to a tectonic
1428:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
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1520:South American Summits Ranked By Re-Ascent
265:. To its northwest lie the twin volcanoes
1404:
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469:sediments of the San Pedro formation and
277:, from which it is separated by the huge
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1344:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
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801:Peaklist.org. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
528:Paniri has erupted rocks ranging from
293:on its summit. The volcano has three
752:
750:
1299:
811:L, Hidalgo Lehuedé Hidalgo (2004).
648:
13:
458:deposits have formed on its feet.
411:have developed around its summit.
14:
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1206:Mountain Research and Development
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706:may not be sufficiently visible.
245:for "he who comes, visits") is a
1507:
1121:Hegna and Lazo-Wasem 2010, p.461
878:Hegna and Lazo-Wasem 2010, p.446
297:. Paniri also shows evidence of
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1564:Mountains of Antofagasta Region
1559:Volcanoes of Antofagasta Region
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731:List of Ultras of South America
606:Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex
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1:
1574:Five-thousanders of the Andes
1393:Journal of Crustacean Biology
1136:, 1974, p. 194. Available at
843:Remote Sensing of Environment
741:
46:5,960 m (19,550 ft)
1364:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.03.013
1130:Humberto Barrera, "Paniri",
1036:(in Spanish). Archived from
863:10.1016/0034-4257(89)90117-x
721:San Pedro de Inacaliri River
273:, and to its southeast lies
56:1,653 m (5,423 ft)
7:
1579:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
1159:Journal of World Prehistory
709:
333:Geography and geomorphology
261:, and near the border with
10:
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1486:10.1016/j.nimb.2007.08.084
716:List of volcanoes in Chile
677:lava flows with prominent
610:fractional crystallization
501:. The chain is made up by
435:of the Andes, one of four
414:
1143:27 September 2007 at the
536:, which mainly define a
442:The volcano is mainly of
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1569:Stratovolcanoes of Chile
1312:Global Volcanism Program
814:Historia andina en Chile
477:age which are formed by
407:cut into its slopes and
1317:Smithsonian Institution
1133:American Alpine Journal
910:Bulletin Volcanologique
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620:Life and human history
364:Paniri is part of the
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1043:on November 12, 2016.
758:"Cerro Paniri, Chile"
700:Electric conductivity
612:processes in shallow
433:Central Volcanic Zone
366:Central Volcanic Zone
108:22.05917°S 68.22833°W
1516:at Wikimedia Commons
1448:10.1029/2018jb016114
339:Antofagasta Province
113:-22.05917; -68.22833
1478:2007NIMPB.264..333M
1440:2019JGRB..124.4386M
1356:2018JSAES..84..184G
922:1969BVol...33..778G
855:1989RSEnv..28..245F
630:Branchinecta brushi
564:, opaque minerals,
337:Paniri lies in the
104: /
1547:
1539:
1171:10.1007/BF00974731
930:10.1007/BF02596749
667:radiometric dating
255:Antofagasta Region
36:Highest point
1512:Media related to
1406:10.1651/09-3236.1
780:Andes Specialists
696:pyroclastic bombs
530:basaltic andesite
495:pyroclastic flows
323:basaltic andesite
319:pyroclastic flows
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16:Mountain in Chile
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450:erosion and
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226:First ascent
181:Parent range
1350:: 184–200.
1296:2018, p.190
1283:2018, p.196
1265:2018, p.189
1252:2007, p.334
1086:2018, p.192
1057:2018, p.186
1033:SERNAGEOMIN
1013:2018, p.184
1000:2018, p.187
982:2018, p.185
962:2007, p.335
898:2018, p.188
849:: 245–255.
691:pyroclastic
655:pyroclastic
635:crustaceans
570:plagioclase
546:Phenocrysts
479:rhyodacitic
471:ignimbrites
444:Pleistocene
425:Nazca Plate
397:scoria cone
393:crater lake
308:Pleistocene
291:scoria cone
249:located in
169:Antofagasta
111: /
86:Coordinates
62:Parent peak
1553:Categories
1138:AAJ Online
785:2020-04-12
742:References
659:brecciated
558:hornblende
511:Cerro Chao
509:, Paniri,
491:lava flows
487:Cerro Chao
429:subducting
419:Since the
401:lava flows
382:geothermal
355:Cerro Chao
315:lava flows
99:68°13′42″W
96:22°03′33″S
52:Prominence
1535:Landsat 8
1494:0168-583X
1456:149491204
1415:0278-0372
1380:134292904
1372:0895-9811
1228:0276-4741
1187:162761015
1179:0892-7537
1165:(1): 40.
946:128832446
938:0366-483X
538:potassium
507:San Pablo
503:San Pedro
499:lineament
483:rhyolitic
463:Oligocene
456:evaporite
427:has been
374:Sabancaya
284:lava dome
271:San Pablo
267:San Pedro
124:Geography
67:San Pedro
42:Elevation
1329:Mancini
1307:"Paniri"
1248:Morales
1236:76653265
1141:Archived
1066:Mancini
958:Morales
776:"Paniri"
710:See also
675:andesite
586:chlorite
548:include
534:rhyolite
421:Jurassic
409:moraines
399:. Thick
386:El Tatio
304:Holocene
220:Climbing
165:Location
1474:Bibcode
1436:Bibcode
1352:Bibcode
918:Bibcode
851:Bibcode
687:breccia
645:rocks.
643:dacitic
637:known.
602:crustal
590:epidote
562:olivine
550:biotite
519:Toconce
475:Miocene
467:Miocene
448:glacial
415:Geology
405:Gullies
299:glacier
295:craters
263:Bolivia
215:Unknown
193:Geology
74:Listing
1537:, 2013
1514:Paniri
1492:
1454:
1413:
1378:
1370:
1331:et al.
1294:et al.
1292:Godoy
1281:et al.
1279:Godoy
1263:et al.
1261:Godoy
1250:et al.
1234:
1226:
1185:
1177:
1147:(PDF).
1110:et al.
1108:Godoy
1097:et al.
1095:Godoy
1084:et al.
1082:Godoy
1068:et al.
1055:et al.
1053:Godoy
1011:et al.
1009:Godoy
998:et al.
996:Godoy
980:et al.
978:Godoy
960:et al.
944:
936:
896:et al.
894:Godoy
821:
679:levees
671:basalt
594:illite
578:rutile
574:quartz
540:-rich
523:Linzor
423:, the
378:Ubinas
370:Lascar
327:dacite
243:Aymara
239:Paniri
149:Paniri
22:Paniri
1452:S2CID
1376:S2CID
1232:S2CID
1183:S2CID
1041:(PDF)
1028:(PDF)
942:S2CID
598:Magma
351:Roads
343:Chile
259:Chile
187:Andes
173:Chile
155:Chile
79:Ultra
1490:ISSN
1411:ISSN
1368:ISSN
1224:ISSN
1175:ISSN
934:ISSN
819:ISBN
689:and
624:The
608:and
592:and
582:clay
576:and
521:and
493:and
481:and
376:and
359:Turi
325:and
317:and
280:Chao
269:and
1482:doi
1470:264
1444:doi
1432:124
1401:doi
1360:doi
1214:doi
1167:doi
926:doi
859:doi
532:to
473:of
341:of
306:or
1555::
1488:.
1480:.
1468:.
1450:.
1442:.
1430:.
1426:.
1409:.
1397:30
1395:.
1391:.
1374:.
1366:.
1358:.
1348:84
1346:.
1315:.
1309:.
1270:^
1230:.
1222:.
1210:23
1208:.
1204:.
1181:.
1173:.
1161:.
1075:^
1030:.
987:^
967:^
940:.
932:.
924:.
914:33
912:.
883:^
871:^
857:.
847:28
845:.
833:^
778:.
760:.
749:^
616:.
596:.
588:,
584:,
572:,
568:,
560:,
556:,
552:,
525:.
517:,
513:,
505:,
388:.
372:,
329:.
286:.
257:,
253:,
171:,
1496:.
1484::
1476::
1458:.
1446::
1438::
1417:.
1403::
1382:.
1362::
1354::
1319:.
1238:.
1216::
1189:.
1169::
1163:5
948:.
928::
920::
865:.
861::
853::
827:.
788:.
764:.
673:-
465:-
241:(
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