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252:, were becoming popular in England. While most American manufacturers stuck with the traditional high-wheel bicycles, Overman rushed a safety bicycle to production before the end of 1887. Despite its higher price, Overman's safety bicycle quickly became a sensation. Overman soon followed up with innovations such as a hollow core "cushion
395:, such that hundreds of manufacturers got into the bicycle business. People were buying bicycles, "whether they could afford them or not". This created a massive over-production, followed by a crash in bicycle prices. Despite this competition, Overman held firm to its $ 100 bicycle prices, which hurt sales.
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as their sole bicycle distributor. This worked well for a few years, but by about 1892 or 1893, the two companies had a serious falling out. The two companies first brought lawsuits against each other for thousands of dollars. Then they began competing head-to-head for the sporting goods market. The
724:
compared to the heavy 'upsloper' safety bikes made in Great
Britain and France at the same time, the light weight of these American frames is very impressive. Columbia and Victor perfected the technique of lightweight frame construction, which is what kept them ahead of the pack in the competitive
398:
By
December 1897, the company, facing bankruptcy, was in debt for over a half-million dollars, their shops closed, and hundreds of employees were thrown out of work. Creditors extended a last-minute effort to revive the company on January 1, 1898. By May 1899, the company was desperately trying to
229:
The flagship product of the
Overman Company was the Victor Bicycle. The Victor Bicycle made extensive use of interchangeable parts, an innovation which allowed the owner to make minor repairs, without bringing the bicycle to a professional mechanic. The metal parts of the Victor bicycle were all
134:
153:. In 1888 the company began making its own bicycles, with a staff of about thirty men. At its height, the factory employed about 1,400 men in five buildings. The factory produced 80,000 bicycles per year, the only bicycle factory at the time which made the entire bicycle.
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By 1893, Overman's Victor bicycle was considered an elegant, premium machine, the "highest grade bicycle of 1893". It was correspondingly priced at the high end of the market. The
Overman factory made the complete bicycle, including tires, saddles, rims, etc.
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The
Overman Wheel Company was a pioneer in using testing equipment to measure things like bicycle power output and tire elasticity. This gave Victor bicycles a significant weight advantage over competitors of the time.
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A fire broke out at the
Overman factory on November 23, 1899, creating considerable fire and water damage. Overman sold his bicycle business to the Stevens Arms & Tool Co. of Chicopee Falls, MA in 1900.
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By 1895, eight models of the Victor were offered; five heights for men, two heights for women, and a racer which was available in five different heights. The 1895 Victoria Ladies' Bicycle sold for US$ 100.
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The creditors of the
Overman Wheel Company ... have decided on a policy which will result in placing the company back upon its feet once more and the resumption of work in the big factory early next week.
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283:. It was considered the "most complete bicycle plant in the United States." The company had offices in Boston, New York, Detroit, Denver, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Portland, Oregon.
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Spalding company started making their own line of bicycles in their own factory in
Chicopee Falls, and the Overman company entered the sporting goods market with baseballs, bats,
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in the late 1800s, the company was undercut by lower-priced competition, nearly went bankrupt in 1897, and never recovered from an 1899 fire. The company was sold in 1900.
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Albert H. Overman was born in Fulton County, Illinois, on March 21, 1850. He started experimenting with wooden human-powered vehicles in his youth. He graduated from
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774:"Again On Its Feet: The Overman Wheel Company Arranges to Continue Business". Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania: Wilkes-Barre Evening News. 1 January 1898. p. 1.
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produced in
Chicopee Falls. It was the first American-made three-wheeler. Three-wheelers were at the time considered a safer alternative to the
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from 1882 to 1900. It was known for bicycles of higher quality and lower weight than other bicycles of its time. Despite a nationwide
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steel; it was the first bicycle to use no cast metal parts. It was also one of the first bicycles to use a hollow pneumatic tire.
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The New
England States, their Constitutional, Judicial, Educational, Commercial, Professional, and Industrial History
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As early as 1899, Overman was turning his attention to automobiles. In 1901 Overman reorganized as the
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bicycle and started to gain in popularity. Overman also manufactured some high-wheelers in the 1880s.
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Spalding wasn't the only new competition faced by Overman. In 1896, there was simultaneously a
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car which he partnered with Overman Automobile Company to produce. Overman merged with the
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455:. In 1881 he left Chicago and moved east. Albert married Millie E. Benton in 1873.
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The Overman factory complex was made up of three buildings, and was located in
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Overman Wheel Company exhibit at the Wheel and Cycling Trade Review (1893)
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in 1882 in Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts with an investment of $ 62,000.
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in 1904 and the cars became Locomobile's fist gasoline automobiles..
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511:(Volume I ed.). Boston: D.H. Hurd & Co. pp. 414–418
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A concise illustration of the Overman Wheel Company around 1890.
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648:(1st ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp.
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regain market share by slashing bicycle prices down to $ 40.
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682:. Valley Falls, Kansas: The Farmer's Vindicator. p. 3
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Manufacturing companies based in Chicopee, Massachusetts
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Defunct manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts
936:"The Victor Steam Car & The Overman Automobile Co"
842:"The Victor Steam Car & The Overman Automobile Co"
554:. New York, NY: The World. 29 December 1897. p. 9
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Overman were the first American manufacturers of the
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The first Victor bicycle, introduced in 1883, was a
755:. Rochester, New York. 30 December 1897. p. 13
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680:"The Bicycle Industry (from Scientific American)"
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867:"New Hampshire, Death and Burial Records Index"
210:1889 Victor C Model "Half Heart" Safety Bicycle
118:was an early bicycle manufacturing company in
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922:. Scientific American. 2 May 1891. p. 1
1797:Manufacturing companies established in 1882
552:"Overman's Struggle, Splendor, and Failure"
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791:. The Watchman and Southron. 31 May 1899
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415:, which sold a vehicle called the
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377:Spalding sports equipment company
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419:. Sales were not very high, and
375:Overman had contracted with the
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465:Overman died July 30, 1930, in
101:Bicycles; later, sporting goods
984:American bicycle manufacturers
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581:"Harper's Magazine Advertiser"
1:
904:. Overman Wheel Company. 1896
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433:Locomobile Company of America
281:Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts
120:Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts
91:Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts
678:Bolder, Ben (29 July 1893).
469:, of a cerebral hemorrhage.
363:1891 newspaper advertisement
73:; 124 years ago
47:; 142 years ago
7:
709:"1893 Overman Victor Flyer"
505:Davies, William T. (1897).
467:Westmoreland, New Hampshire
289:Overman advertising posters
184:1883 Victor Rotary tricycle
142:Albert Overman started the
10:
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460:Springfield, Massachusetts
427:gasoline car, and a 16-hp
413:Overman Automobile Company
407:Overman Automobile Company
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196:1889 Victor Light Roadster
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896:Photos of Victor bicycles
713:The online bicycle museum
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1142:Independent Fabrication
902:"Victor Baseball Guide"
811:"Overman Plant Damaged"
640:Herlihy, David (2004).
1517:Gormully & Jeffery
753:Democrat and Chronicle
608:Cite journal requires
587:(540). May 1895: 29–32
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1092:Ellsworth Handcrafted
749:"The Overman Failure"
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417:Victor Steam Carriage
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235:three-wheeled bicycle
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144:Overman Wheel Company
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116:Overman Wheel Company
17:Overman Wheel Company
1147:International Surrey
940:American Automobiles
846:American Automobiles
815:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
644:Bicycle: The History
1622:Western Wheel Works
37:Bicycle manufacture
28:The Overman factory
18:
817:. 23 November 1899
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302:1894 advertisement
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244:By 1886-1887, new
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725:bicycle industry.
447:Albert H. Overman
439:Albert H. Overman
423:designed an 8-hp
250:John Kemp Starley
222:1893 Victor flyer
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86:Headquarters
71:Sold in 1900
1512:Gary Fisher
1362:Specialized
1302:Rhoades Car
1072:Diamondback
1062:Cycle Force
1002:Bike Friday
1751:Categories
1636:Components
1527:Iron Horse
1492:Clark-Kent
1407:Van Dessel
1372:TerraCycle
1317:Santa Cruz
1307:Roadmaster
1027:Cannondale
945:9 February
926:9 February
908:9 February
877:8 February
851:8 February
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718:8 February
686:8 February
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558:8 February
515:8 February
473:References
429:4-cylinder
425:2-cylinder
348:Poster by
331:Poster by
316:Poster by
1708:Speedplay
1653:Bontrager
1437:Yamaguchi
1422:Waterford
1297:Rivendell
1202:Milwaukee
1182:Litespeed
1162:K2 Sports
1132:Hutch BMX
1077:Dynacraft
1042:Co-Motion
1037:Centurion
1736:Category
1703:SureStop
1698:RockShox
1673:Fyxation
1612:Sterling
1542:Kogswell
1507:Fat City
1477:American
1432:Worksman
1347:Softride
1247:Priority
1207:Mongoose
1152:Italvega
1107:Fyxation
1057:Cruzbike
1047:Columbia
1017:Brooklyn
1012:Bohemian
98:Products
34:Industry
1607:Stelber
1597:Serotta
1587:Rambler
1577:Overman
1567:Monarch
1522:Indiana
1487:Chicago
1470:Defunct
1402:Univega
1382:Tommaso
1327:Schwinn
1322:Santana
1282:Redline
1257:Quality
1237:Pacific
1227:Nishiki
1172:Kestrel
1112:Gendron
1087:Electra
1052:Cortina
1032:Catrike
1007:Bilenky
990:Current
650:214–245
391:and an
371:Decline
130:History
76: (
60:Founder
50: (
42:Founded
1693:Lezyne
1658:Burley
1627:Wright
1617:Stover
1602:Shelby
1582:Pocket
1572:Murray
1562:Merlin
1547:LeMond
1417:Volagi
1387:Torker
1232:Novara
1022:Calfee
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106:Brands
1683:Hayes
1663:Coker
1557:Melon
1552:Lotus
1537:Klein
1502:Eagle
1412:Villy
1367:Surly
1337:Seven
1312:Salsa
1277:Razor
1222:Niner
1212:Moots
1192:Marin
1187:Magna
1157:Jamis
1127:Huffy
1067:Dahon
1718:Zipp
1713:SRAM
1678:Giro
1643:Bell
1592:Ross
1452:Zigo
1447:Yuba
1442:Yeti
1392:Trek
1357:SOMA
1352:Solé
1272:Rans
1252:Pure
1242:Pope
1217:Next
1197:Masi
1177:Kona
1167:Kent
1137:Ibis
1122:Haro
1102:Fuji
1097:Felt
1082:DYNO
947:2016
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761:2016
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688:2016
654:ISBN
614:help
593:2016
560:2016
517:2016
254:tire
78:1900
68:Fate
52:1882
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1668:Fox
1648:BTI
1532:JMC
1482:AMF
1267:R+E
256:."
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