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1107:, and they give rise to a number of different structures in the skeletal, muscular, and circulatory systems. The structure of the pharynx varies across the vertebrates. It differs in dogs, horses, and ruminants. In dogs, a single duct connects the nasopharynx to the nasal cavity. The tonsils are a compact mass that points away from the lumen of the pharynx. In the horse, the auditory tube opens into the guttural pouch and the tonsils are diffuse and raised slightly. Horses are unable to breathe through the mouth as the free apex of the rostral epiglottis lies dorsal to the soft palate in a normal horse. In
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722:) pathways. At that point, the laryngopharynx is continuous with the esophagus posteriorly. The esophagus conducts food and fluids to the stomach; air enters the larynx anteriorly. During swallowing, food has the "right of way", and air passage temporarily stops. Corresponding roughly to the area located between the 4th and 6th
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is an anatomical term collectively describing the annular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx. Waldeyer's ring circumscribes the naso- and oropharynx, with some of its tonsillar tissue located above and some below the soft palate (and to the back of the oral cavity). It is believed that
154:
624:; the lateral wall is made up of the tonsil, tonsillar fossa, and tonsillar (faucial) pillars; the superior wall consists of the inferior surface of the soft palate and the uvula. Because both food and air pass through the pharynx, a flap of connective tissue called the
526:, which connects the middle ear to the pharynx, opens into the nasopharynx at the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube. The opening and closing of the auditory tubes serves to equalize the barometric pressure in the middle ear with that of the ambient atmosphere.
1174:, it first bites normally with its oral jaws, capturing the prey. Immediately thereafter, the pharyngeal jaws are brought forward and bite down on the prey to grip it; they then retract, pulling the prey down the eel's esophagus, allowing it to be swallowed.
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All vertebrates have a pharynx, used in both feeding and respiration. The pharynx arises during development in all vertebrates through a series of six or more outpocketings on the lateral sides of the head. These outpocketings are
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part of the pharynx; it is the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus. It lies inferior to the epiglottis and extends to the location where this common pathway diverges into the respiratory (
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worm is a muscular food pump in the head, triangular in cross-section, that grinds food and transports it directly to the intestines. A one-way valve connects the pharynx to the excretory canal.
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Waldeyer's ring prevents the invasion of microorganisms from going into the air and food passages and this helps in the defense mechanism of the respiratory and alimentary systems.
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734:, postcricoid area, and the posterior pharyngeal wall. Like the oropharynx above it, the laryngopharynx serves as a passageway for food and air and is lined with a
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respectively). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its structure varies across species. The pharynx carries food to the esophagus and air to the
325:
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680:) are part of the normal oropharyngeal flora, which grow slowly, prefer a carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere, and share an enhanced capacity to produce
2007:
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who also share endodermal outpocketings of the pharyngeal apparatus. Similar patterns of gene expression can be detected in the developing pharynx of
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Morpeth S, Murdoch D, Cabell CH, Karchmer AW, Pappas P, Levine D, et al. (December 2007). "Non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis".
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The anterior fold of the torus is made by a few delicate fibers of muscle which I have referred to the muscle as the salpingopalatine muscle.
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575:, a smaller fold, in front of the salpingopharyngeal fold, extending from the superior part of the torus to the palate and containing the
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also termed "Arnold's nerve" which also supplies the external auditory canal, thus laryngopharyngeal cancer can result in referred
1639:"Real-time PCR investigation into the importance of Fusobacterium necrophorum as a cause of acute pharyngitis in general practice"
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contained within the pharynx of many species of fish, distinct from the primary (oral) jaws. Pharyngeal jaws have been studied in
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is an annular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in both the nasopharynx and oropharynx. The nasopharynx is lined by
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Elzinga RJ (October 1998). "Microspines in the alimentary canal of arthropoda, onychophora, annelida".
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Pharyngitis is the painful swelling of the throat. The oropharynx shown here is very inflamed and red.
564:, a vertical fold of mucous membrane extending from the inferior part of the torus and containing the
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1782:, Wainwright PC (September 2007). "Raptorial jaws in the throat help moray eels swallow large prey".
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Pharyngeal arches are characteristic features of vertebrates whose origin can be traced back through
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1835:"Are the supportive structures of the tardigrade pharynx homologous throughout the entire group?"
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Aliyu SH, Marriott RK, Curran MD, Parmar S, Bentley N, Brown NM, et al. (October 2004).
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Upper respiratory system, with the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx labeled at left
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can obstruct the nasopharynx, as can congestion due to an upper respiratory infection. The
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube that elevates the
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The pharynx moves food from the mouth to the esophagus. It also moves air from the
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The upper portion of the pharynx, the nasopharynx, extends from the base of the
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the tonsils are a compact mass that points towards the lumen of the pharynx.
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636:. The oropharynx is lined by non-keratinized squamous stratified epithelium.
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Clinical Head and Neck and
Functional Neuroscience Course Notes, 2008-2009,
548:, somewhat triangular in shape and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the
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Simkins CS (November 1943). "Functional anatomy of the
Eustachian tube".
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Microscopic cross section through the pharynx of a larva from an unknown
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1938:, Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary at Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
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440:). The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections: the
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1515:. Benjamin Cummings (Pearson Education, Inc). p. 1. Archived from
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n. gen., n. sp.: An
Interstitial Priapulid from coarse sand in Fiji".
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1135:. However, the vertebrate pharynx is unique in that it gives rise to
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726:, the superior boundary of the laryngopharynx is at the level of the
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401:
374:
2112:
1910:
1730:"Developmental and evolutionary origins of the pharyngeal apparatus"
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Deep dissection of human larynx, pharynx and tongue seen from behind
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in which stimulation of the ear canal results in a person coughing.
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The anterior aspect of the nasopharynx communicates through the
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620:. The anterior wall consists of the base of the tongue and the
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The oropharynx lies behind the oral cavity, extending from the
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also have a pharynx. Invertebrates with a pharynx include the
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structures located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
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Part of the throat that is behind the mouth and nasal cavity
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Journal of
Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
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where their specific action is noted. When the moray bites
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436:—filters, warms and moistens air and conducts it into the
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1950:
Sobin LH & Wittekind Ch (eds)Sixth edition UICC 2002
1868:
International
Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology
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608:, into the mouth, while in its lateral wall, between the
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and the soft palate and lies above the oral cavity. The
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showing the position of the pharynx in the animal body.
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is a cancer that originates in the neck and/or throat.
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The vascular supply to the laryngopharynx includes the
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An illustration of the pharyngeal jaws of a moray eel
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730:. The laryngopharynx includes three major sites: the
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Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences
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with the nasal cavities. On its lateral wall is the
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1944:Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn, Seventh Edition.
1899:Transactions of the American Microscopical Society
1548:Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
556:. Two folds arise from the cartilaginous opening:
512:that is pseudostratified, columnar, and ciliated.
201:Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery
4247:
1727:
459:form the pharynx and determine the shape of its
1778:
412:. (The conducting zone—which also includes the
1832:
1359:The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind
587:are lateral to the fold and do not contribute.
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3160:
2840:
2826:
2001:
840:, is the painful inflammation of the throat.
761:. The primary neural supply is from both the
2015:
1721:
860:
500:, also known as the pharyngeal tonsils, are
1587:
1283:Longitudinal section through the roundworm
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2008:
1994:
684:infections, especially in young children.
152:
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777:. This nerve is also responsible for the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3174:
1608:10.7326/0003-4819-147-12-200712180-00002
1150:
816:
812:
528:
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1948:TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours
1865:
1728:Graham A, Richardson J (October 2012).
1545:
927:, meaning "throat". Its plural form is
805:are articulated here, and it acts as a
546:pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
213:pharyngeal branches of inferior thyroid
14:
4248:
1536:School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
1505:
1479:This article incorporates text in the
801:. It is also used in human speech, as
400:In humans, the pharynx is part of the
3562:
3148:
2814:
1989:
1892:
1271:visible as the worm feeds on a snail.
397:stops food from entering the larynx.
1982:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
1976:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
1970:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
1833:Eibye-Jacobsen J (March–June 2001).
1560:10.1001/archotol.1943.00670040495009
1310:
1139:support through the contribution of
1114:
1097:
843:
769:nerves. The vagus nerve provides an
492:. It includes the space between the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3107:Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
1539:
1201:(which have an eversible pharynx).
656:ctinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
604:. It opens anteriorly, through the
393:. The flap of cartilage called the
354:
24:
1146:
632:when food is swallowed to prevent
25:
4302:
1961:
1715:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
693:
4233:
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1852:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2001.00140.x
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836:Inflammation of the pharynx, or
237:Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve
34:
3523:Plica semilunaris of the fauces
1886:
1859:
1826:
1643:Journal of Medical Microbiology
825:
45:needs additional citations for
1703:
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1671:
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1526:
1499:
736:stratified squamous epithelium
471:
13:
1:
1880:10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00027-0
1468:
1399:section of the head and neck.
591:
381:(the tubes going down to the
1942:Human Anatomy and Physiology
1395:can be seen clearly in this
1009:, and its adjective form is
878:
488:to the upper surface of the
466:
7:
3829:Enterochromaffin-like cells
1596:Annals of Internal Medicine
1487:of the 20th edition of
1439:Pharyngeal (disambiguation)
1404:
784:
759:ascending pharyngeal artery
10:
4307:
3208:Labial commissure of mouth
1408:
864:
847:
829:
738:. It is innervated by the
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4108:
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4004:
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2842:Anatomy of the human nose
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2470:
2429:
2394:
2335:
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2232:
2223:
2191:
2163:
2036:
2027:
872:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
867:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
861:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
744:recurrent laryngeal nerve
566:salpingopharyngeus muscle
506:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
331:
319:
307:
295:
283:
271:
259:
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241:recurrent laryngeal nerve
230:
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139:
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1980:Anatomy photo:31:st-1406
1974:Anatomy photo:31:st-1403
1968:Anatomy photo:31:st-1401
1424:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
1419:Cricopharyngeal ligament
1393:laryngopharynx or larynx
4153:External anal sphincter
4148:Intersphincteric groove
4143:Internal anal sphincter
3660:Pterygomandibular raphe
3403:Tubarial salivary gland
3112:Salpingopharyngeal fold
1895:Meiopriapulus fijiensis
1893:Morse MP (July 1981). "
1718:, retrieved 2012-07-28.
751:superior thyroid artery
704:pars laryngea pharyngis
577:salpingopalatine muscle
562:salpingopharyngeal fold
455:In humans, two sets of
3934:Duodenojejunal flexure
3929:Minor duodenal papilla
3924:Major duodenal papilla
3675:Pharyngobasilar fascia
3670:Buccopharyngeal fascia
3591:gastrointestinal tract
3490:Glossoepiglottic folds
2999:Ethmoidal infundibulum
2984:Sphenoethmoidal recess
2460:Lymphoid immune system
2029:Musculoskeletal system
1747:10.1186/2041-9139-3-24
1411:anatomical terminology
1339:of right ear, showing
1286:Caenorhabditis elegans
1248:Prorhynchus fontinalis
1162:are a "second set" of
1156:
919:) is derived from the
822:
663:ardiobacterium hominis
537:
510:respiratory epithelium
481:
333:Anatomical terminology
3891:Enteroendocrine cells
3538:Palatopharyngeal arch
3312:Mucogingival junction
3307:Junctional epithelium
3203:Frenulum of lower lip
3117:Salpingopalatine fold
2960:Inferior nasal concha
2950:Superior nasal concha
2448:Myeloid immune system
2234:Cardiovascular system
1656:10.1099/jmm.0.45648-0
1429:Pharyngeal aspiration
1345:levator veli palatini
1204:The "pharynx" of the
1154:
820:
813:Clinical significance
803:pharyngeal consonants
698:The laryngopharynx, (
614:palatopharyngeal arch
585:levator veli palatini
573:salpingopalatine fold
532:
479:
361:) is the part of the
3347:Periodontal ligament
2945:Supreme nasal concha
2800:Islets of Langerhans
2660:Genitourinary system
2396:Integumentary system
1649:(Pt 10): 1029–1035.
1434:Pharyngeal consonant
1268:Platydemus manokwari
622:epiglottic vallecula
600:to the level of the
581:tensor veli palatini
54:improve this article
4291:Otorhinolaryngology
4271:Human head and neck
3824:Gastric chief cells
3485:Sublingual caruncle
3379:Submandibular gland
3317:Sulcular epithelium
3287:Interdental papilla
2955:Middle nasal concha
2690:Reproductive system
2409:Subcutaneous tissue
2178:Cartilaginous joint
1804:10.1038/nature06062
1796:2007Natur.449...79M
1220:Everted pharynx of
209:descending palatine
146:Head and inner neck
3533:Palatoglossal arch
3075:Sphenoidal sinuses
2472:Respiratory system
2225:Circulatory system
1700:2nd edition, 1989.
1509:Respiratory Syster
1452:Salpinx in anatomy
1409:This article uses
1157:
823:
809:during phonation.
807:resonating chamber
724:cervical vertebrae
670:ikenella corrodens
610:palatoglossal arch
538:
482:
457:pharyngeal muscles
410:respiratory system
205:ascending palatine
185:Respiratory system
4221:
4220:
4213:Muscularis mucosa
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4075:epiploic appendix
3991:
3990:
3919:Suspensory muscle
3881:Intestinal glands
3839:
3838:
3556:
3555:
3142:
3141:
3134:Pharyngeal recess
3129:Pharyngeal tonsil
3062:Paranasal sinuses
3056:
3055:
3030:Vomeronasal organ
2808:
2807:
2331:
2330:
2321:Glymphatic system
2219:
2218:
1506:Fasick J (2006).
1311:Additional images
1115:Pharyngeal arches
1105:pharyngeal arches
1098:Other vertebrates
1056:
855:Pharyngeal cancer
850:Pharyngeal cancer
844:Pharyngeal cancer
740:pharyngeal plexus
718:) and digestive (
706:), also known as
347:
346:
342:
225:Pharyngeal plexus
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4298:
4266:Digestive system
4238:
4237:
4229:
4095:Transverse folds
4052:Descending colon
4042:Transverse colon
4002:
4001:
3956:No substructures
3939:Brunner's glands
3869:Intestinal villi
3859:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3749:Angular incisure
3665:Pharyngeal raphe
3633:retropharyngeal
3608:
3607:
3593:, excluding the
3583:
3576:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3391:Sublingual gland
3269:Incisive papilla
3193:Vermilion border
3169:
3162:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3048:Olfactory mucosa
3009:Maxillary hiatus
3004:Semilunar hiatus
2905:
2904:
2862:nasal cartilages
2835:
2828:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2767:Endocrine system
2529:Digestive system
2274:Lymphatic system
2257:Lymphatic vessel
2230:
2229:
2034:
2033:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1923:
1922:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1725:
1719:
1707:
1701:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1685:. 8 August 2018.
1675:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1543:
1537:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1522:on 12 June 2014.
1521:
1514:
1503:
1477:
1476:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1333:
1321:
1298:
1280:
1259:
1239:
1217:
1147:Pharyngeal jaws
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
967:
966:
963:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
797:cavities to the
779:ear-cough reflex
771:auricular branch
767:glossopharyngeal
628:closes over the
402:digestive system
373:, and above the
356:
339:edit on Wikidata
336:
278:φάρυγξ (phárynx)
249:mandibular nerve
189:digestive system
156:
144:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4232:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4157:
4104:
4081:
4047:Splenic flexure
4037:Hepatic flexure
4032:Ascending colon
4018:
3997:Large intestine
3987:
3983:Microfold cells
3978:Peyer's patches
3973:Ileocecal valve
3959:
3943:
3905:
3854:Small intestine
3835:
3722:
3684:
3638:parapharyngeal
3628:peripharyngeal
3597:
3589:Anatomy of the
3587:
3557:
3552:
3548:Palatine tonsil
3543:Tonsillar fossa
3501:
3480:Fimbriated fold
3465:Lingual tonsils
3455:Terminal sulcus
3428:
3407:
3353:
3302:Gingival fibers
3297:Gingival margin
3292:Gingival sulcus
3273:
3240:
3222:
3179:
3175:Anatomy of the
3173:
3143:
3138:
3089:
3070:Maxillary sinus
3052:
3034:
3013:
2929:
2915:Nasal vestibule
2894:
2844:
2839:
2809:
2804:
2761:
2723:Seminal vesicle
2684:
2646:
2596:Small intestine
2523:
2466:
2425:
2390:
2327:
2268:
2215:
2193:Muscular system
2187:
2159:
2038:Skeletal system
2023:
2014:
1964:
1927:
1926:
1911:10.2307/3225549
1891:
1887:
1864:
1860:
1831:
1827:
1790:(7158): 79–82.
1777:
1773:
1726:
1722:
1710:Entry "pharynx"
1708:
1704:
1694:
1690:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1635:
1631:
1602:(12): 829–835.
1592:
1588:
1583:. 28 July 2013.
1575:
1574:
1570:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1348:
1337:Coronal section
1334:
1325:
1322:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1262:Pharynx of the
1260:
1251:
1242:Pharynx of the
1240:
1231:
1230:), lateral view
1226:(also known as
1218:
1180:
1160:Pharyngeal jaws
1149:
1117:
1100:
1061:
1057:
1018:
1014:
976:
972:
935:
931:
892:
888:
881:
869:
863:
852:
846:
834:
828:
815:
787:
696:
690:is a pathogen.
618:palatine tonsil
606:isthmus faucium
594:
554:mucous membrane
502:lymphoid tissue
474:
469:
406:conducting zone
343:
245:maxillary nerve
159:
147:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4304:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4286:Animal anatomy
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4243:
4242:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4203:Circular folds
4200:
4195:
4193:Muscular layer
4190:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4138:Pectinate line
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4028:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4010:
4008:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3865:
3863:
3856:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Parietal cells
3816:
3814:Foveolar cells
3811:
3809:Pyloric glands
3806:
3801:
3799:Cardiac glands
3796:
3794:Gastric glands
3791:
3783:
3778:
3776:Gastric mucosa
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3732:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3694:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3680:Pyriform sinus
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3643:retrovisceral
3640:
3635:
3630:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3495:Lingual septum
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3417:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3363:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3264:Palatine raphe
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3236:Buccal fat pad
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3122:Torus tubarius
3119:
3114:
3103:
3101:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2652:Urinary system
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2574:Laryngopharynx
2571:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2542:Salivary gland
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2439:
2437:
2435:immune systems
2431:Haematopoietic
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2381:Somatic system
2378:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2364:Sensory system
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2341:
2339:
2337:Nervous system
2333:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2316:CNS equivalent
2313:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2238:
2236:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2183:Synovial joint
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1963:
1962:External links
1960:
1959:
1958:
1945:
1939:
1925:
1924:
1905:(3): 239–252.
1885:
1858:
1825:
1771:
1720:
1702:
1688:
1670:
1629:
1586:
1581:TeachMeAnatomy
1568:
1538:
1525:
1497:
1496:
1490:Gray's Anatomy
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1462:Tornwaldt cyst
1459:
1454:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1324:Nose and nasal
1323:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1219:
1212:
1179:
1176:
1148:
1145:
1116:
1113:
1099:
1096:
880:
877:
865:Main article:
862:
859:
848:Main article:
845:
842:
830:Main article:
827:
824:
814:
811:
786:
783:
755:lingual artery
732:pyriform sinus
695:
694:Laryngopharynx
692:
593:
590:
589:
588:
569:
550:torus tubarius
535:torus tubarius
494:internal nares
473:
470:
468:
465:
450:laryngopharynx
345:
344:
335:
329:
328:
323:
317:
316:
311:
305:
304:
299:
293:
292:
287:
281:
280:
275:
269:
268:
263:
257:
256:
252:
251:
234:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
198:
192:
191:
182:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
157:
149:
148:
145:
137:
136:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4303:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4057:Sigmoid colon
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:Fundic glands
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:Microanatomy
3784:
3782:
3781:Gastric folds
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3584:
3579:
3577:
3572:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:Back of mouth
3504:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:Foramen cecum
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Median sulcus
3448:
3446:
3443:
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3423:tooth anatomy
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3367:Parotid gland
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3085:Ethmoid sinus
3083:
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3080:Frontal sinus
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2989:Ethmoid bulla
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2873:Lateral nasal
2871:
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2849:External nose
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2635:Biliary tract
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2419:Mammary gland
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2199:
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2026:
2022:
2018:
2017:Human systems
2011:
2006:
2004:
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1956:0-471-22288-7
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1577:"The Pharynx"
1572:
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1482:
1481:public domain
1463:
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1341:auditory tube
1338:
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1270:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1228:Nereis virens
1225:
1224:
1223:Alitta virens
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:Invertebrates
1178:Invertebrates
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:hemichordates
1130:
1126:
1125:deuterostomes
1122:
1112:
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1106:
1095:
1091:
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1006:
971:
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687:Fusobacterium
683:
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524:auditory tube
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113:
110:November 2015
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4276:Human throat
4133:Anal sinuses
4123:Anal columns
3901:Paneth cells
3896:Goblet cells
3862:Microanatomy
3789:Gastric pits
3653:prevertebral
3611:
3420:
3327:Periodontium
3098:
3040:Nasal mucosa
3025:Nasal septum
2967:Nasal meatus
2934:Lateral wall
2900:Nasal cavity
2868:Septal nasal
2860:
2622:
2590:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2315:
2298:
2281:
2241:
1947:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1902:
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1642:
1632:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1563:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1528:
1517:the original
1508:
1501:
1492:
1478:
1472:
1445:Saccopharynx
1443:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1284:
1266:
1246:
1227:
1221:
1203:
1181:
1158:
1141:neural crest
1137:endoskeletal
1118:
1101:
1010:
969:
928:
924:
884:
882:
870:
853:
835:
826:Inflammation
788:
748:
707:
703:
697:
685:
674:
667:
660:
653:
646:
644:
640:
638:
595:
576:
572:
561:
539:
514:
483:
454:
449:
445:
441:
399:
371:nasal cavity
358:
350:
348:
302:A05.3.01.001
277:
265:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4281:Human voice
4128:Anal valves
4065:taenia coli
4061:Continuous
3886:Enterocytes
3735:Curvatures
3697:Sphincters
3259:Soft palate
3254:Hard palate
3198:Cupid's bow
3018:Medial wall
2888:Vomeronasal
2856:Ala of nose
2790:Parathyroid
2490:Nasopharynx
2352:Spinal cord
2287:Bone marrow
2056:Collar bone
1683:Earth's Lab
1385:nasopharynx
1187:tardigrades
838:pharyngitis
832:Pharyngitis
742:and by the
708:hypopharynx
682:endocardial
643:organisms (
533:Details of
490:soft palate
472:Nasopharynx
442:nasopharynx
434:bronchioles
365:behind the
255:Identifiers
4250:Categories
4183:Adventitia
4110:Anal canal
3874:Microvilli
3513:Oropharynx
3471:Underside
3218:White roll
2994:Agger nasi
2969:: (Supreme
2883:Minor alar
2878:Major alar
2569:Oropharynx
2309:Lymph node
2242:peripheral
2088:Metatarsus
2083:Metacarpus
2062:Thigh bone
2058:(clavicle)
1874:(4): 341.
1845:(1–2): 1.
1554:(5): 479.
1469:References
1389:oropharynx
1199:priapulids
1197:, and the
1195:arthropods
1168:moray eels
1011:pharyngeal
728:hyoid bone
720:esophageal
649:aemophilus
634:aspiration
626:epiglottis
602:hyoid bone
592:Oropharynx
446:oropharynx
395:epiglottis
80:newspapers
18:Oropharynx
4198:Submucosa
4188:Subserosa
3690:Esophagus
3445:Taste bud
3322:Stippling
2978:inferior)
2775:Pituitary
2624:accessory
2579:Esophagus
2299:secondary
2211:Diaphragm
2155:Cartilage
2103:Phalanges
1740:(1): 24.
1679:"Pharynx"
1485:page 1141
1123:to basal
1121:chordates
1109:ruminants
970:pharynxes
929:pharynges
883:The word
879:Etymology
716:laryngeal
710:, is the
616:, is the
467:Structure
375:esophagus
359:pharynges
69:"Pharynx"
4014:Appendix
3911:Duodenum
3475:Frenulum
3337:Philtrum
3332:Cementum
3213:Philtrum
2972:superior
2908:Openings
2755:Placenta
2718:Testicle
2713:Prostate
2640:Pancreas
2601:Appendix
2591:lower GI
2564:upper GI
2512:Bronchus
2455:Lymphoid
2138:Vertebra
2093:Ossicles
2078:Mandible
1812:17805293
1780:Mehta RS
1766:23020903
1665:15358827
1624:11122488
1616:18087053
1405:See also
1397:sagittal
1305:species.
1264:flatworm
1244:flatworm
1206:nematode
1191:annelids
1129:amphioxi
785:Function
775:ear pain
757:and the
612:and the
498:adenoids
414:nostrils
404:and the
385:and the
4261:Pharynx
4240:Anatomy
4100:Ampulla
4070:haustra
3949:Jejunum
3771:Pylorus
3739:greater
3728:Stomach
3624:Spaces
3620:Muscles
3612:Pharynx
3342:Gingiva
3099:pharynx
2920:Nostril
2795:Adrenal
2785:Thyroid
2703:Scrotum
2680:Urethra
2675:Bladder
2584:Stomach
2507:Trachea
2443:Myeloid
2282:primary
2148:Sternum
2098:Patella
2073:Humerus
2064:(femur)
1936:Pharynx
1930:General
1919:3225549
1820:4384411
1792:Bibcode
1757:3564725
1734:EvoDevo
1303:lamprey
1143:cells.
925:phárynx
923:φάρυγξ
885:pharynx
677:ingella
630:glottis
542:choanae
430:bronchi
426:trachea
416:of the
408:of the
383:stomach
379:trachea
351:pharynx
290:D010614
266:pharynx
169:Part of
164:Details
158:Pharynx
135:Pharynx
94:scholar
4226:Portal
4208:Mucosa
4179:Serosa
4087:Rectum
3766:Fundus
3756:Cardia
3744:lesser
3713:glands
3648:danger
3518:fauces
3434:Tongue
3359:Glands
3246:Palate
2975:middle
2925:Choana
2780:Pineal
2740:Vagina
2735:Uterus
2730:Female
2670:Ureter
2665:Kidney
2611:Rectum
2547:Tongue
2495:Larynx
2414:Breast
2386:Tissue
2304:Spleen
2292:Thymus
2247:Artery
2206:Tendon
2201:Muscle
2165:Joints
2143:Pelvis
2118:Tarsus
2108:Radius
2068:Fibula
2051:Carpus
2021:organs
1954:
1917:
1818:
1810:
1784:Nature
1764:
1754:
1663:
1622:
1614:
1493:(1918)
1457:Tonsil
1391:, and
1347:muscle
799:larynx
753:, the
712:caudal
579:. The
516:Polyps
448:, and
432:, and
422:larynx
420:, the
391:larynx
363:throat
196:Artery
180:System
173:Throat
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4024:Colon
4006:Cecum
3965:Ileum
3845:Lower
3706:lower
3701:upper
3603:Upper
3595:mouth
3528:Uvula
3413:Teeth
3228:Cheek
3177:mouth
2750:Ovary
2745:Vulva
2708:Penis
2630:Liver
2606:Colon
2557:Tooth
2537:Mouth
2502:Lower
2480:Upper
2357:Nerve
2347:Brain
2264:Heart
2123:Tibia
2113:Skull
1915:JSTOR
1816:S2CID
1620:S2CID
1520:(PDF)
1513:(PDF)
1483:from
921:Greek
791:nasal
763:vagus
700:Latin
641:HACEK
598:uvula
520:mucus
486:skull
461:lumen
438:lungs
387:lungs
367:mouth
337:[
326:46688
273:Greek
261:Latin
232:Nerve
101:JSTOR
87:books
4171:Wall
4118:Anus
3761:Body
3718:crop
3441:Top
3421:see
3396:duct
3384:duct
3372:duct
3279:Gums
3095:Naso
2698:Male
2616:Anus
2517:Lung
2485:Nose
2433:and
2404:Skin
2252:Vein
2128:Ulna
2046:Bone
2019:and
1952:ISBN
1808:PMID
1762:PMID
1661:PMID
1612:PMID
1383:The
1343:and
1193:and
1172:prey
1164:jaws
1131:and
795:oral
793:and
765:and
639:The
583:and
571:the
560:the
418:nose
377:and
369:and
349:The
314:2855
297:TA98
285:MeSH
220:Vein
73:news
3185:Lip
2552:Lip
2374:Eye
2369:Ear
2133:Rib
1907:doi
1903:100
1876:doi
1847:doi
1800:doi
1788:449
1752:PMC
1742:doi
1712:in
1697:OED
1651:doi
1604:doi
1600:147
1556:doi
1094:).
968:or
518:or
355:pl.
321:FMA
309:TA2
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