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261:-like. This phenomenon results in substantial local gradients in the amount of average rainfall, with coastal areas receiving on the order of 20 to 30 inches (510 to 760 mm) per year, and interior uplands receiving over 100 inches (2,500 mm) per year. Leeward coastal areas are especially dry—less than 20 in (510 mm) per year at
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to consider when they forecast the local weather. Orography can play a major role in determining the type, amount, intensity, and duration of precipitation events. Researchers have discovered that barrier width, slope steepness, and
284:: the west side of the Pennines receives more rain than the east because the clouds are forced up and over the hills and cause the rain to tend to fall on the western slopes. This is particularly noticeable between
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Mountain ranges and elevated land masses have a major impact on global climate. For instance, the elevated areas of East Africa substantially determine the strength of the
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simulating these factors have shown that narrow barriers and steeper slopes produce stronger updraft speeds, which in turn increase orographic precipitation.
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or settlements by the river are listed in 'orographic sequence', they are in order from the highest (nearest the source of the river) to the lowest or
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Anabatic or upward vertical propagation of moist air up an orographic slope, caused by daytime heating of the mountain barrier surface.
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speed are major contributors when it comes to achieving the optimal amount and intensity of orographic precipitation.
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292:(to the east); Leeds receives less rain due to a rain shadow of 12 miles (19 km) from the Pennines.
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generated by a forced upward movement of air upon encountering a physiographic upland (see
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400:"Impact of Orography on the Simulation of Monsoon Climate in a General Circulation Model"
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Upon ascent, the air that is being lifted expands and cools adiabatically. This
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Orographic precipitation occurs when moist air is forced upwards by terrain.
117:(nearest the mouth). This method of listing tributaries is similar to the
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Another area in which orographic precipitation is known to occur is the
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Practical
Meteorology: An Algebra-based Survey of Atmospheric Science
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Srinivasan, J., Nanjundiah, Ravi S. and
Chakraborty, Arindam (2005).
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Upward deflection of large-scale horizontal flow by the orography.
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Orographic precipitation, also known as relief precipitation, is
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of a rising moist air parcel may lower its temperature to its
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Orographic precipitation is known to occur on oceanic
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148:It has been suggested that this section should be
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27:Study of the topographic relief of mountains
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70:) falls within the broader discipline of
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225:precipitation is a major factor for
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74:. The term orography comes from the
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257:side tends to be quite dry, almost
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422:. University of British Columbia.
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102:. In scientific models, such as
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463:Map of the Orography of Europe
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36:An orographic map of Eastern
410:General and cited references
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302:Coverage (telecommunication)
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441:. Oxford University Press.
437:Whiteman, C. David (2000).
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154:into a new article titled
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104:general circulation models
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359:27 September 2007 at the
157:Orographic precipitation
125:Orographic precipitation
18:Orographic precipitation
380:. World Digital Library
339:Encyclopædia Britannica
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416:Stull, Roland (2017).
342:(11th ed.). 1911.
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119:Strahler Stream Order
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50:is the study of the
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52:topographic relief
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429:978-0-88865-283-6
333:"Orography"
209:adiabatic cooling
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312:Rain shadow
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111:tributaries
384:23 January
286:Manchester
129:See also:
60:oreography
353:Orography
318:Citations
213:dew point
56:mountains
48:Orography
476:Category
357:Archived
296:See also
278:Pennines
115:mainstem
84:, hill,
68:oreology
64:orology,
282:England
263:Waikiki
255:leeward
243:islands
232:updraft
162:discuss
38:Siberia
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271:Kaua'i
259:desert
87:γραφία
465:from
290:Leeds
217:cloud
151:split
76:Greek
443:ISBN
424:ISBN
386:2013
249:and
94:Uses
81:όρος
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