104:
92:
317:, capturing many Denard supporters. Denard was outnumbered and outgunned by the invaders. Although small defending forces had managed to repel attackers in the past, this would usually involve some specific advantage in intelligence, training or guerilla tactics. The special forces encircled the French mercenaries in the barracks in the early hours of 5 October, and Denard was arrested at 15:00 and flown to a Parisian jail. President
282:
pacification measures, such as forming a civilian government, Denard also tried to recreate the 500-strong presidential guard that he had led after his second coup (1978–1989). Denard's popularity during the early 1980s enabled him to mobilise 300 supporters within five days and place them around ports and airports, where they would be most effective to ambush French invaders with
294:
France had advance knowledge of the coup, but refrained from preventative measures until after it had occurred. As news of the coup came, the French government denounced Denard and his mercenaries. Knowing what they would encounter on the islands, the French did not pursue their extreme numerical
281:
The French authorities had some advance notice of the coup, as they had before. But unlike Denard's previous coups, the French government opposed the mercenaries and denounced Denard. Knowing this, Denard's first priority was to prevent a likely counter-coup from France. In addition to political
328:
This would be the last of four Denard coups in the
Comoros, although another coup would occur on the day Denard went to trial. Since independence in 1975, the Comoros has been subject to over 20 attempts to overthrow the government. This one was only a partial failure in all of the
295:
advantage, instead handing control to the
Special Operations Command. Eventually, 400 marines and 200 other special operations experts began cruising the Indian Ocean in patrol boats and the frigate
262:
Denard's fourth
Comorian coup, which he called Operation Kaskari, occurred in the early hours of 28 September 1995. Denard and 33 hand-picked mercenaries docked their ship,
270:
harbour and descended on the city, forcibly removing the figures of the official government before the ill-equipped army was aware. The invaders had been stowing away on
313:
immediately sought to overawe the mercenary-dissident alliance. The specialist operators had little trouble in taking both airports, the French embassy and
1497:
501:
2099:
1999:
1613:
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1943:
1578:
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1073:
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1936:
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638:
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1006:
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673:
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1957:
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1483:
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1357:
631:
425:"Azalée - Le 2e RPIMa dans l'OPERATION AZALEE (28 Sept – 05 Oct 1995) - Association des Amis du Musée des Troupes de Marine"
1908:
1722:
1571:
1045:
2089:
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240:
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1729:
978:
1455:
1213:
908:
859:
803:
729:
680:
603:
575:
329:
objectives – Djohar was refused re-entry into the
Comoros until the 1996 elections, which he lost.
1992:
1929:
1708:
1490:
1971:
1964:
1915:
1841:
1757:
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1620:
1504:
1462:
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1038:
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736:
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659:
645:
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589:
582:
1985:
1978:
1820:
1813:
1669:
1585:
1255:
1115:
274:
for more than a month, and were greeted at their arrival by vans supplied by the relatives of former president
1901:
1648:
1511:
1413:
1406:
1343:
1315:
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1322:
750:
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1087:
999:
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561:
1329:
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1536:
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810:
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533:
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1420:
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1950:
1792:
1778:
1750:
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1529:
1476:
1448:
1308:
1269:
1178:
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1101:
964:
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757:
424:
1894:
1873:
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1241:
929:
2069:
950:
554:
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479:
228:
1662:
687:
568:
8:
318:
236:
510:
540:
161:
1013:
267:
474:
399:
845:
283:
275:
128:
123:
2043:
372:"Foreign Legion events: October 01 – 10 | French Foreign Legion Information"
133:
251:
243:– which took place in 1995 to remove the provisional government of the
141:
70:
322:
2019:
248:
244:
108:
103:
54:
232:
96:
91:
509:
310:
166:
16:
1995 French removal of the
Comorian provisional government
321:, who was held captive in the barracks, was flown to
347:"Badge 2e RPIMa, 1 Cie Operation Azalee aux Comores"
325:
for medical treatment. No casualties were reported.
34:28 September – 3 October 1995
2041:
247:that was led and put into power by famed French
495:
309:Making landfall at 23:00 on 3 October, the
301:, with helicopters and superior logistics.
2100:Operations involving French special forces
502:
488:
157:1st Marine Infantry Paratroopers Regiment
2095:Battles and conflicts without fatalities
2000:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
1614:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
618:Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965)
311:National Gendarmerie Intervention Group
167:National Gendarmerie Intervention Group
2042:
483:
2075:Military operations involving France
394:
392:
390:
388:
13:
625:Central African Republic (1965–66)
14:
2111:
468:
385:
2055:Attempted coups d'état in Africa
102:
90:
2080:September 1995 events in Africa
1874:Central African Republic (2021)
1772:Central African Republic (2013)
1558:Central African Republic (2003)
1544:Central African Republic (2001)
1095:Central African Republic (1982)
1074:Central African Republic (1981)
1014:Central African Republic (1979)
438:
417:
364:
339:
257:
1:
2085:October 1995 events in Africa
2060:Military coups in the Comoros
1937:Burkina Faso (September 2022)
332:
1944:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
1579:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
1498:Republic of the Congo (1998)
1435:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
1372:Sierra Leone (December 1992)
1249:São Tomé and Príncipe (1988)
1221:Republic of the Congo (1987)
825:Republic of the Congo (1972)
723:Republic of the Congo (1968)
674:Republic of the Congo (1966)
527:Republic of the Congo (1960)
7:
1923:Burkina Faso (January 2022)
1116:Upper Volta (February 1983)
289:
10:
2116:
2090:Wars involving the Comoros
1470:Sierra Leone (August 1996)
2009:
1858:
1679:
1521:
1286:
1123:Upper Volta (August 1983)
1023:
767:
518:
304:
200:
187:
147:
114:
83:
26:
21:
1607:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
1007:Equatorial Guinea (1979)
446:"Obituaries in the News"
639:Burundi (November 1966)
1909:Sudan (September 2021)
744:Libya (September 1969)
660:Nigeria (January 1966)
115:Commanders and leaders
1400:Bophuthatswana (1994)
758:Libya (December 1969)
548:French Algeria (1961)
201:Casualties and losses
1993:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
1930:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
1916:Sudan (October 2021)
1765:Libya (October 2013)
1723:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
1709:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
1572:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
1551:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
1530:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
1512:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
1491:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
1046:Guinea-Bissau (1980)
513:in Africa since 1960
351:www.quartermaster.nl
2050:1995 in the Comoros
1986:Sierra Leone (2023)
1979:Burkina Faso (2023)
1814:Burkina Faso (2016)
1807:Burkina Faso (2015)
1586:Burkina Faso (2003)
1484:Sierra Leone (1997)
1442:Sierra Leone (1996)
1358:Sierra Leone (1992)
1256:Burkina Faso (1989)
1207:Burkina Faso (1987)
709:Sierra Leone (1968)
667:Nigeria (July 1966)
632:Burundi (July 1966)
319:Said Mohamed Djohar
180:Presidential guards
1109:Upper Volta (1982)
1053:Upper Volta (1980)
951:Uganda (June 1977)
839:Upper Volta (1974)
653:Upper Volta (1966)
452:. 25 February 2006
404:www.specwarnet.net
400:"Operation Azalee"
177:French mercenaries
2065:Conflicts in 1995
2037:
2036:
2014:: successful coup
1793:The Gambia (2014)
1730:Mali (April 2012)
1716:Mali (March 2012)
1688:Madagascar (2010)
1670:Madagascar (2009)
1656:Mauritania (2008)
1642:Madagascar (2006)
1628:Mauritania (2005)
1565:Mauritania (2003)
1137:Mauritania (1984)
1088:Seychelles (1981)
1060:Mauritania (1981)
1032:Mauritania (1980)
993:Mauritania (1979)
986:Mauritania (1978)
937:Seychelles (1977)
222:
221:
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78:
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225:Operation Azalee
162:Commandos Marine
107:
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45:
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39:
28:
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22:Operation Azalee
19:
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2106:
2105:
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2033:
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2018:
2013:
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1928:
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1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
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1854:
1849:Ethiopia (2019)
1847:
1840:
1833:
1828:Zimbabwe (2017)
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
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1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1282:
1275:
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1263:Ethiopia (1989)
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1235:Transkei (1987)
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
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1163:
1156:
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1144:Cameroon (1984)
1142:
1135:
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534:Ethiopia (1960)
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284:submachine guns
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138:
101:
89:
66:French victory
57:
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37:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
2113:
2103:
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2034:
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2031:
2028:attempted coup
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2016:
2010:
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2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
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1895:Tunisia (2021)
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1856:
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1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
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1800:Burundi (2015)
1796:
1789:
1786:Lesotho (2014)
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
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1744:Eritrea (2013)
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1589:
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1537:Burundi (2001)
1533:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1456:Burundi (1996)
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1428:Comoros (1995)
1424:
1421:Liberia (1994)
1417:
1414:Lesotho (1994)
1410:
1403:
1396:
1393:Nigeria (1993)
1389:
1382:
1379:Burundi (1993)
1375:
1368:
1365:Algeria (1992)
1361:
1354:
1347:
1344:Lesotho (1991)
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1302:Nigeria (1990)
1298:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1228:Tunisia (1987)
1224:
1217:
1214:Burundi (1987)
1210:
1203:
1196:
1193:Lesotho (1986)
1189:
1186:Liberia (1985)
1182:
1175:
1168:
1165:Nigeria (1985)
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1130:Nigeria (1983)
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1039:Liberia (1980)
1035:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
972:Comoros (1978)
968:
965:Somalia (1978)
961:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
916:Nigeria (1976)
912:
909:Burundi (1976)
905:
902:Comoros (1976)
898:
891:
888:Nigeria (1975)
884:
877:
870:
867:Comoros (1975)
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
818:Morocco (1972)
814:
807:
804:Dahomey (1972)
800:
793:
790:Morocco (1971)
786:
779:
776:Lesotho (1970)
771:
769:
765:
764:
762:
761:
754:
751:Somalia (1969)
747:
740:
733:
730:Dahomey (1969)
726:
719:
712:
705:
702:Algeria (1967)
698:
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684:
681:Dahomey (1967)
677:
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611:Burundi (1965)
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604:Dahomey (1965)
600:
597:Algeria (1965)
593:
586:
579:
576:Dahomey (1963)
572:
569:Algeria (1962)
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562:Senegal (1962)
558:
555:Somalia (1961)
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469:External links
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276:Ahmed Abdallah
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2024:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:Gambia (2022)
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1902:Guinea (2021)
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1649:Guinea (2008)
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:Zambia (1997)
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1449:Guinea (1996)
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:Gambia (1994)
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:Ciskei (1990)
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1309:Zambia (1990)
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1179:Guinea (1985)
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:Uganda (1985)
1155:
1152:
1151:Guinea (1984)
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:Gambia (1981)
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
966:
962:
959:
958:Angola (1977)
955:
952:
948:
945:
941:
938:
934:
931:
927:
924:
920:
917:
913:
910:
906:
903:
899:
896:
892:
889:
885:
882:
878:
875:
871:
868:
864:
861:
857:
854:
850:
847:
846:Uganda (1974)
843:
840:
836:
833:
832:Rwanda (1973)
829:
826:
822:
819:
815:
812:
808:
805:
801:
798:
794:
791:
787:
784:
783:Uganda (1971)
780:
777:
773:
772:
770:
766:
759:
755:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
734:
731:
727:
724:
720:
717:
713:
710:
706:
703:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
682:
678:
675:
671:
668:
664:
661:
657:
654:
650:
647:
643:
640:
636:
633:
629:
626:
622:
619:
615:
612:
608:
605:
601:
598:
594:
591:
587:
584:
580:
577:
573:
570:
566:
563:
559:
556:
552:
549:
545:
542:
541:Rwanda (1961)
538:
535:
531:
528:
524:
523:
521:
517:
512:
505:
500:
498:
493:
491:
486:
485:
482:
476:
473:
472:
451:
447:
441:
433:
426:
420:
405:
401:
395:
393:
391:
389:
373:
367:
352:
348:
342:
338:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
302:
300:
299:
287:
285:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
255:
253:
250:
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234:
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226:
214:
211:
210:
208:
205:
204:
199:
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186:
179:
176:
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160:
158:
155:
154:
152:
151:
146:
143:
140:
135:
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130:
127:
125:
122:
121:
119:
118:
113:
110:
105:
100:
98:
93:
88:
87:
82:
72:
69:
68:
67:
64:
61:
60:
56:
52:
49:
48:
33:
30:
29:
25:
20:
2027:
2026:no sign for
1972:Gabon (2023)
1965:Niger (2023)
1958:Sudan (2023)
1881:Niger (2021)
1842:Sudan (2019)
1835:Gabon (2019)
1821:Libya (2016)
1779:Libya (2014)
1758:Egypt (2013)
1737:Sudan (2012)
1702:Niger (2011)
1695:Niger (2010)
1663:Sudan (2008)
1600:Sudan (2004)
1505:Niger (1999)
1463:Niger (1996)
1427:
1386:Libya (1993)
1351:Sudan (1992)
1330:Venda (1990)
1295:Sudan (1990)
1277:Sudan (1989)
1242:Benin (1988)
1172:Sudan (1985)
1102:Kenya (1982)
1081:Ghana (1981)
1000:Ghana (1979)
979:Ghana (1978)
944:Sudan (1977)
930:Benin (1977)
923:Sudan (1976)
881:Libya (1975)
874:Sudan (1975)
853:Niger (1974)
811:Ghana (1972)
797:Sudan (1971)
737:Sudan (1969)
688:Ghana (1967)
646:Ghana (1966)
590:Gabon (1964)
511:Coups d'état
454:. Retrieved
449:
440:
434:(in French).
431:
419:
407:. Retrieved
403:
375:. Retrieved
366:
354:. Retrieved
350:
341:
327:
314:
308:
296:
293:
280:
271:
263:
261:
237:armed forces
224:
223:
134:Marc Monchal
84:Belligerents
65:
1888:Mali (2021)
1867:Mali (2020)
1751:Chad (2013)
1635:Chad (2006)
1621:Togo (2005)
1593:Chad (2004)
1337:Mali (1991)
1316:Chad (1990)
1270:Chad (1989)
1200:Togo (1986)
895:Chad (1975)
716:Mali (1968)
695:Togo (1967)
583:Togo (1963)
377:18 November
356:18 November
258:Denard coup
2044:Categories
432:aamdtm.net
333:References
252:Bob Denard
231:staged by
229:expedition
142:Bob Denard
71:Bob Denard
42:1995-10-03
38:1995-09-28
2020:self-coup
249:mercenary
215:9 wounded
290:Response
212:4 killed
188:Strength
73:arrested
50:Location
40: –
450:AP NEWS
323:Réunion
315:Vulcain
298:Floréal
272:Vulcain
264:Vulcain
245:Comoros
227:was an
109:Comoros
55:Comoros
36: (
456:3 June
409:3 June
305:Azalee
268:Moroni
233:France
97:France
62:Result
1859:2020s
1680:2010s
1522:2000s
1287:1990s
1024:1980s
768:1970s
519:1960s
428:(PDF)
266:, at
458:2021
411:2021
379:2023
358:2023
239:and
206:None
196:~300
31:Date
193:600
2046::
448:.
430:.
402:.
387:^
349:.
286:.
278:.
254:.
503:e
496:t
489:v
460:.
413:.
381:.
360:.
44:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
