617:
1552:
609:
42:
1040:
70:
1618:
1636:
1019:
1085:
1056:
1610:
636:
1597:, which are capable of chemotaxis (movement toward or away from a chemical signal, such as those released by potential food sources) in surface water (including precipitation on plant surfaces). A few oomycetes produce aerial asexual spores that are distributed by wind. They also produce sexual spores, called
2354:
Vettraino, A. M.; Morel, O.; Perlerou, C.; Robin, C.; Diamandis, S.; Vannini, A. (2005). "Occurrence and distribution of
Phytophthora species in European chestnut stands, and their association with Ink Disease and crown decline".
1519:. One flagellum has a "whiplash" morphology, and the other a branched "tinsel" morphology. The "tinsel" flagellum is unique to the Kingdom Heterokonta. Spores of the few fungal groups which retain flagella (such as the
2186:
Van der Auwera G, De Baere R, Van de Peer Y, De Rijk P, Van den Broeck I, De
Wachter R (July 1995). "The phylogeny of the Hyphochytriomycota as deduced from ribosomal RNA sequences of Hyphochytrium catenoides".
587:
The name "water mold" refers to their earlier classification as fungi and their preference for conditions of high humidity and running surface water, which is characteristic for the basal taxa of the oomycetes.
480:
due to similarities in morphology and lifestyle. However, molecular and phylogenetic studies revealed significant differences between fungi and oomycetes which means the latter are now grouped with the
600:), and if they do, they are scarce, appearing at the bases of sporangia, and sometimes in older parts of the filaments. Some are unicellular, while others are filamentous and branching.
2239:
Schwelm A, Badstöber J, Bulman S, Desoignies N, Etemadi M, Falloon RE, Gachon CM, Legreve A, Lukeš J, Merz U, Nenarokova A, Strittmatter M, Sullivan BK, Neuhauser S (April 2018).
2029:
Kortekamp, A. (2005). "Growth, occurrence and development of septa in
Plasmopara viticola and other members of the Peronosporaceae using light- and epifluorescence-microscopy".
1764:, which are easily identifiable by the appearance of white, brownish or olive "mildew" on the leaf undersides (although this group can be confused with the unrelated fungal
682:
are considered by some authors to be a family (Albuginaceae) within the
Peronosporales, although it has been shown that they are phylogenetically distinct from this order.
3312:
3764:
3759:
3727:
3722:
3284:
1465:
analysis based on modern discoveries about the biology of these organisms supports a relatively close relationship with some photosynthetic organisms, such as
689:
too are mainly saprophytic or parasitic on plants, and have an aseptate, branching form. Many of the most damaging agricultural parasites belong to this order.
3754:
3521:
3460:
1822:
1772:
774:
3739:
3669:
3494:
944:
276:
171:
3787:
3774:
3384:
3320:
3150:
2733:
748:
3744:
3566:
3251:
3145:
3112:
2984:
873:
813:
766:
740:
3749:
3732:
3664:
3529:
3470:
3173:
2928:
2923:
2780:
2764:
2634:
1234:
989:
888:
838:
828:
801:
758:
730:
712:
271:
203:
3571:
3561:
3502:
3430:
3326:
3008:
2966:
2938:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2691:
1664:, and at least one is a pathogen of mammals. The majority of the plant pathogenic species can be classified into four groups, although more exist.
1265:
1212:
1166:
913:
893:
883:
851:
843:
823:
796:
789:
722:
704:
616:
266:
208:
3921:
3455:
1855:
1181:
936:
808:
784:
220:
198:
1551:
3782:
3576:
3535:
959:
4104:
2956:
2759:
1343:
954:
672:
254:
249:
2663:
908:
2330:
3260:
2606:
1491:
This relationship is supported by a number of observed differences between the characteristics of oomycetes and fungi. For instance, the
2621:
668:
have wall thickenings that give their continuous cell body the appearance of septation. They bear chitin and often reproduce asexually.
2900:
1739:
is a very common problem in greenhouses, where the organism kills newly emerged seedlings. Mycoparasitic members of this group (e.g.
4065:
2008:
2431:
1538:
of oomycetes are still described or listed as types of fungi and may sometimes be referred to as pseudo fungi, or lower fungi.
2080:
473:), although the water-preferring nature which led to that name is not true of most species, which are terrestrial pathogens.
2159:
1527:
and have a number of enzymes that differ. The ultrastructure is also different, with oomycota having tubular mitochondrial
1928:
2392:
1132:
1114:
4150:
3970:
2472:
4109:
2467:
2288:
Haas, BJ; Kamoun, S; Zody, MC; Jiang, RH; Handsaker, RE; Cano, LM; Grabherr, M; Kodira, CD; et al. (2009).
1779:, which cause white blister disease on a variety of flowering plants. White blister rusts sporulate beneath the
1589:
Most of the oomycetes produce two distinct types of spores. The main dispersive spores are asexual, self-motile
1110:
1601:, that are translucent, double-walled, spherical structures used to survive adverse environmental conditions.
421:; these spores can overwinter and are known as resting spores. Asexual reproduction involves the formation of
2551:
2541:
2524:
555:
444:
lifestyles, and include some of the most notorious pathogens of plants, causing devastating diseases such as
49:
Asexual (A: sporangia, B: zoospores, C: chlamydospores) and sexual (D: oospores) reproductive structures of
608:
1946:"Influence of Pythium oligandrum Biocontrol on Fungal and Oomycete Population Dynamics in the Rhizosphere"
1847:
1523:) have only one whiplash flagellum. Oomycota and fungi have different metabolic pathways for synthesizing
1661:
2404:
2424:
1643:
1852:
69:
4119:
3975:
3949:
1106:
4155:
4057:
1095:
17:
2556:
1622:
1099:
1066:
1885:
3876:
3348:
2289:
1710:
1694:
1682:
1557:
696:
are the most primitive; some are filamentous, others unicellular; they are generally parasitic.
51:
489:). The Oomycota have a very sparse fossil record; a possible oomycete has been described from
4178:
2519:
2417:
2070:
1890:
1706:
562:
524:
445:
155:
4142:
4132:
3962:
4026:
3926:
2616:
2304:
2105:
1957:
402:
2200:
8:
3271:
3079:
2869:
2746:
2627:
2290:"Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans"
1745:) parasitize other oomycetes and fungi, and have been employed as biocontrol agents. One
576:
538:
398:
2308:
2109:
1961:
4017:
3646:
3191:
2536:
2514:
2502:
2477:
2405:
Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen
Phytophthora infestans
2398:
2372:
2265:
2240:
2128:
2004:
1978:
1945:
1780:
1741:
1474:
584:, structures containing the female gametes, that are characteristic of the oomycetes.
457:
292:
64:
1944:
Vallance, J.; Le Floch, G.; Deniel, F.; Barbier, G.; Levesque, C. A.; Rey, P. (2009).
1732:
and individual species have larger host ranges, although usually causing less damage.
4127:
3957:
3792:
3407:
3356:
3294:
3099:
2546:
2509:
2497:
2487:
2322:
2270:
2204:
2133:
2096:
Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level
Classification of All Living Organisms",
2076:
2046:
1983:
1924:
1799:
675:
use rhizoids to attach their thallus to the bed of stagnant or polluted water bodies.
1829:, which means that they are unable to survive without the presence of a living host.
517:
3623:
2774:
2461:
2376:
2364:
2312:
2260:
2252:
2196:
2123:
2113:
2038:
1973:
1965:
1702:
1520:
449:
325:
3899:
3631:
3366:
3302:
3279:
2877:
2281:
2226:
2118:
1859:
1714:
1657:
1478:
1002:
921:
281:
237:
2409:
2151:
1481:
Oomycota along with other classes such as
Phaeophyceae (brown algae) within the
465:, attacking plant pathogenic fungi. The oomycetes are also often referred to as
4052:
3480:
3435:
3402:
3212:
3183:
2989:
2946:
2769:
2492:
2444:
1814:
1765:
1380:
1287:
1060:
1039:
1028:
984:
903:
686:
661:
are the most widespread. Many break down decaying matter; others are parasites.
658:
629:
621:
549:
511:
453:
422:
261:
227:
107:
94:
56:
2368:
2152:"Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes"
2042:
4172:
4002:
3696:
3656:
3548:
3130:
3122:
3107:
3088:
1895:
1818:
1784:
1617:
482:
394:
386:
382:
3858:
3641:
3636:
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3475:
3450:
3440:
3425:
3417:
3339:
3225:
3220:
3168:
3135:
2979:
2820:
2754:
2701:
2673:
2448:
2326:
2274:
2137:
2050:
1987:
1761:
1720:
1675:
1670:
1635:
1302:
974:
931:
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665:
232:
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186:
176:
120:
41:
2208:
544:
4078:
4011:
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3392:
2974:
2858:
2833:
2668:
2598:
1969:
1794:
1776:
1736:
1686:
1648:
1485:
1365:
1044:
969:
679:
645:
625:
437:
181:
140:
2317:
2185:
1656:
Many oomycetes species are economically important, aggressive algae and
3612:
3465:
3374:
3160:
3140:
3044:
2645:
1826:
1809:
1783:
of their hosts, causing spore-filled blisters on stems, leaves and the
1570:
1466:
994:
490:
462:
441:
426:
414:
379:
242:
2256:
4083:
4039:
3913:
3714:
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3061:
2951:
2828:
2719:
2683:
2440:
1804:
1754:
1639:
1574:
1516:
1496:
1492:
1462:
1032:
567:
529:
371:
81:
4096:
3939:
3870:
1084:
4091:
4044:
3996:
3934:
3893:
3704:
3685:
3015:
2839:
2696:
2654:
2611:
2589:
2531:
1594:
1458:
1018:
433:
4070:
506:
3445:
2809:
2727:
2241:"Not in your usual Top 10: protists that infect plants and algae"
1999:
1997:
1875:. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 289.
1724:
1698:
1598:
1582:
1578:
1566:
1535:
1528:
1512:
1508:
1055:
1023:
640:
581:
418:
406:
390:
130:
2238:
2578:
1789:
1690:
1627:
1562:
1524:
1504:
1500:
1482:
1470:
430:
410:
375:
1994:
1515:
nuclei. Most oomycetes produce self-motile zoospores with two
1457:(the name "oomycota" means "egg fungus") and later treated as
352:
4031:
1943:
1678:
1609:
1590:
1454:
597:
553:
515:
493:
486:
477:
635:
2353:
1787:. The Albuginales are currently divided into three genera,
700:
However more recently this has been expanded considerably.
346:
337:
331:
2401:– University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP)
358:
349:
328:
1051:, Peronosporales) on the underside of a potato leaf.
355:
2287:
653:Previously the group was arranged into six orders.
343:
340:
2745:
2439:
2064:
2062:
2060:
4170:
3773:
2149:
1461:, based on general morphology and lifestyle. A
1453:This group was originally classified among the
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2057:
1613:Unidentified water mold on dead larval mayfly.
580: "fungus"), referring to the large round
3211:
2425:
1914:
1912:
1013:
2069:Sumbali, Geeta; Johri, B. M (January 2005).
2068:
2022:
1631:sp. (Saprolegniales) isolated from a stream.
1604:
2855:
2819:
2172:
1113:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
334:
3041:
2432:
2418:
1909:
1507:. Also, in the vegetative state they have
40:
3058:
2316:
2264:
2127:
2117:
2028:
1977:
1133:Learn how and when to remove this message
2095:
1634:
1616:
1608:
1550:
1054:
1038:
1017:
634:
615:
607:
2806:
476:Oomycetes were originally grouped with
14:
4171:
2575:
1950:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
3875:
3874:
2413:
2201:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040245
596:The oomycetes rarely have septa (see
4120:09cde3e9-eef7-4810-896f-a841c75c3908
3950:0bd31af1-728c-4c69-8906-dbc9fb70944b
1531:and fungi having flattened cristae.
1111:adding citations to reliable sources
1078:
27:Fungus-like eukaryotic microorganism
2357:European Journal of Plant Pathology
1064:(Albuginales) on shepherd's purse (
24:
2393:Description of The Phylum Oomycota
1918:
620:Asexual structures (sporangia) in
25:
4190:
2386:
603:
409:is the result of contact between
1477:based on these data, places the
1083:
324:
68:
2347:
2336:from the original on 2024-02-20
2232:
2215:
2162:from the original on 2016-05-13
2143:
2011:from the original on 2003-10-09
1546:
2089:
2005:"Introduction to the Oomycota"
1937:
1923:(5 ed.). Academic Press.
1878:
1865:
1848:Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora
1839:
13:
1:
1833:
1813:, predominantly parasitic to
1803:, parasitic predominantly to
1728:group is more prevalent than
1681:that causes diseases such as
1495:of oomycetes are composed of
1332:Peronosporomycetes s.s.
1035:in animals, under microscope.
591:
485:(which include some types of
2399:Introduction to the Oomycota
2119:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248
1701:and other parts of Europe),
568:
530:
499:
405:. Sexual reproduction of an
7:
1851:, 2nd ed., vol. 1, part 1,
1793:parasitic predominantly to
1511:nuclei, whereas fungi have
1448:
1074:
643:, antheridia not shown) of
10:
4195:
2225:. 5th ed. Academic Press.
2221:Agrios, George N. (2005).
1697:of the 1840s that ravaged
1541:
1503:and generally do not have
1014:Phylogenetic relationships
554:
516:
3986:
3883:
3853:
3837:
3713:
3695:
3682:
3678:
3655:
3622:
3609:
3605:
3547:
3520:
3493:
3416:
3383:
3365:
3347:
3338:
3311:
3293:
3270:
3250:
3243:
3239:
3204:
3182:
3159:
3121:
3098:
3078:
3071:
3054:
3037:
2998:
2965:
2937:
2899:
2886:
2868:
2851:
2802:
2718:
2682:
2653:
2644:
2597:
2588:
2571:
2455:
2369:10.1007/s10658-004-1882-0
2245:Molecular Plant Pathology
2043:10.1017/S0953756205002418
1771:The fourth group are the
1605:Ecology and pathogenicity
1378:
1363:
1356:
1341:
1334:
1300:
1285:
1278:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1232:
1225:
1210:
1203:
1179:
1164:
1157:
1150:
397:, and can reproduce both
298:
291:
168:
163:
65:Scientific classification
63:
48:
39:
34:
2150:Silar, Philippe (2016),
1760:The third group are the
1475:taxonomic classification
639:Sexual structures (only
436:. Oomycetes occupy both
1534:In spite of this, many
1067:Capsella bursa-pastoris
3349:Discosporangiophycidae
1653:
1632:
1614:
1586:
1558:Phytophthora infestans
1071:
1052:
1036:
650:
632:
613:
52:Phytophthora infestans
3313:Chrysoparadoxophyceae
2156:HAL Archives-ouvertes
1891:CollinsDictionary.com
1873:Straminipilous fungus
1707:rhododendron root rot
1662:cause disease in fish
1638:
1620:
1612:
1554:
1058:
1042:
1021:
638:
619:
612:Simplified phylogeny.
611:
446:late blight of potato
3765:Arachnoidiscophytina
3760:Rhizosloleniophytina
3728:Leptocylindrophyceae
3723:Leptocylindrophytina
3285:Pleurochloridellales
2617:Pseudodendromonadida
2395:– Systematic Biology
2031:Mycological Research
1970:10.1128/AEM.02643-08
1871:Dick, M. W. (2001).
1561:(Peronosporales) on
1107:improve this section
504:Oomycota comes from
452:. One oomycete, the
164:Orders and families
3755:Coscinodiscophytina
3522:Schizocladiophyceae
3461:Phaeosiphoniellales
3272:Phaeothamniophyceae
3080:Olisthodiscophyceae
2870:Hyphochytriomycetes
2747:Labyrinthulomycetes
2318:10.1038/nature08358
2309:2009Natur.461..393H
2110:2015PLoSO..1019248R
1962:2009ApEnM..75.4790V
1823:white blister rusts
1773:white blister rusts
1660:. Some species can
1254:Saprolegniomycetes
775:Pseudosphaeritaceae
307:Peronosporomycetes
3740:Ellerbeckiophytina
3688:
3684:
3670:Sarcinochrysidales
3647:Rhizochromulinales
3615:
3611:
3495:Phaeosacciophyceae
3192:Pinguiochrysidales
3064:
3060:
3047:
3043:
2888:Peronosporomycetes
2861:
2857:
2812:
2808:
2581:
2577:
1858:2014-12-13 at the
1751:Pythium insidiosum
1693:(the cause of the
1654:
1633:
1615:
1587:
1072:
1053:
1037:
945:Leptolegniellaceae
869:H.E.Petersen, 1905
651:
633:
614:
458:Pythium oligandrum
370:, form a distinct
277:Leptolegniellaceae
172:Diatomophthoraceae
4166:
4165:
4128:Open Tree of Life
3958:Open Tree of Life
3877:Taxon identifiers
3868:
3867:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3793:Bacillariophyceae
3788:Biddulphiophyceae
3775:Bacillariophytina
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3489:
3488:
3408:Syringodermatales
3385:Dictyochophycidae
3357:Discosporangiales
3321:Chrysoparadoxales
3295:Chrysomerophyceae
3200:
3199:
3151:Thallochrysidales
3100:Eustigmatophyceae
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2734:Pseudophyllomitus
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2257:10.1111/mpp.12580
2082:978-1-84265-153-7
2037:(Pt 5): 640–648.
1715:European chestnut
1445:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1192:
1191:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1007:
999:
979:
964:
949:
941:
926:
918:
898:
878:
856:
848:
833:
818:
779:
771:
763:
753:
749:Salilagenidiaceae
745:
735:
727:
717:
709:
579:
565:
542: "egg") and
541:
527:
316:
315:
310:
304:
159:
16:(Redirected from
4186:
4159:
4158:
4146:
4145:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4122:
4113:
4112:
4100:
4099:
4087:
4086:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4060:
4048:
4047:
4035:
4034:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3979:
3978:
3966:
3965:
3953:
3952:
3943:
3942:
3930:
3929:
3917:
3916:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3872:
3871:
3771:
3770:
3745:Probosciophytina
3693:
3692:
3689:
3680:
3679:
3624:Dictyochophyceae
3620:
3619:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3567:Rhizochloridales
3345:
3344:
3252:Aurearenophyceae
3248:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3209:
3208:
3146:Rhizochrysidales
3113:Goniochloridales
3076:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3039:
3038:
2985:Salilagenidiales
2897:
2896:
2893:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2775:Thraustochytrida
2743:
2742:
2651:
2650:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2573:
2572:
2484:
2464:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2381:
2380:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2320:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2251:(4): 1029–1044.
2236:
2230:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2183:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2131:
2121:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2066:
2055:
2054:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1956:(14): 4790–800.
1941:
1935:
1934:
1919:Agrios, George.
1916:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1843:
1703:sudden oak death
1521:Chytridiomycetes
1359:
1358:
1337:
1336:
1281:
1280:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1250:
1228:
1227:
1206:
1205:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1087:
1079:
1031:), which causes
1005:
997:
977:
962:
947:
939:
924:
916:
896:
876:
874:Olpidiopsidaceae
870:
863:
854:
846:
831:
816:
814:Eurychasmataceae
777:
769:
767:Rozellopsidaceae
761:
751:
743:
741:Salilagenidiales
733:
725:
715:
707:
575:
573:
561:
559:
558:
537:
535:
523:
521:
520:
450:sudden oak death
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
308:
302:
154:
73:
72:
44:
32:
31:
21:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4154:
4149:
4141:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4103:
4095:
4090:
4082:
4077:
4069:
4064:
4056:
4051:
4043:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3982:
3974:
3969:
3961:
3956:
3948:
3946:
3938:
3933:
3925:
3920:
3912:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3879:
3869:
3864:
3849:
3797:
3769:
3750:Melosirophytina
3733:Corethrophyceae
3709:
3683:
3674:
3665:Pelagomonadales
3651:
3632:Florenciellales
3610:
3581:
3543:
3530:Schizocladiales
3516:
3485:
3471:Scytothamniales
3412:
3379:
3367:Ishigeophycidae
3361:
3334:
3307:
3303:Chrysomeridales
3289:
3280:Phaeothamniales
3266:
3235:
3196:
3178:
3174:Chlamydomyxales
3155:
3117:
3094:
3059:
3042:
3021:
2994:
2961:
2933:
2929:Rozellopsidales
2924:Olpidiopsidales
2891:
2890:
2882:
2878:Hyphochytriales
2856:
2847:
2807:
2786:
2781:Stellarchytrium
2765:Oblongichytrida
2741:
2706:
2678:
2640:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2482:
2460:
2451:
2438:
2389:
2384:
2352:
2348:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2303:(7262): 393–8.
2292:
2286:
2282:
2237:
2233:
2223:Plant Pathology
2220:
2216:
2189:Mol. Biol. Evol
2184:
2173:
2165:
2163:
2148:
2144:
2104:(4): e0119248,
2094:
2090:
2083:
2067:
2058:
2027:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1921:Plant Pathology
1917:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1866:
1860:Wayback Machine
1844:
1840:
1836:
1766:powdery mildews
1658:plant pathogens
1646:with secondary
1642:suffering from
1607:
1549:
1544:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1323:
1314:
1235:Olpidiopsidales
1193:
1139:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1104:
1088:
1077:
1070:, Brassicales).
1016:
1003:Peronosporaceae
990:Salisapiliaceae
922:Saprolegniaceae
889:Atkinisellaceae
868:
861:
839:Olpidiopsidales
829:Haliphthoraceae
802:Haptoglossaceae
759:Rozellopsidales
731:Lagenismataceae
713:Anisolpidiaceae
606:
594:
502:
327:
323:
282:Saprolegniaceae
272:Haliphthoraceae
238:Peronosporaceae
204:Olpidiosidaceae
153:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4192:
4182:
4181:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4147:
4137:
4124:
4114:
4101:
4088:
4075:
4062:
4049:
4036:
4023:
4008:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3967:
3954:
3944:
3931:
3918:
3905:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3843:
3841:
3839:Incertae sedis
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3690:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3617:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3572:Tribonematales
3569:
3564:
3562:Mischococcales
3559:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3503:Phaeosacciales
3499:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3481:Tilopteridales
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3436:Desmarestiales
3433:
3431:Asterocladales
3428:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3403:Sphacelariales
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:Chrysoparadoxa
3317:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3221:Chattonellales
3217:
3215:
3213:Raphidomonadea
3206:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3184:Pinguiophyceae
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3066:
3049:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3009:Diatomophthora
3004:
3002:
3000:incertae sedis
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2990:Saprolegniales
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2967:Saprolegniidae
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2947:Peronosporales
2943:
2941:
2939:Peronosporidae
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Lagenismatales
2916:
2914:Haptoglossales
2911:
2909:Anisolpidiales
2905:
2903:
2894:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2814:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2772:
2770:Labyrinthulida
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2692:Proteromonadea
2688:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:Mesomycetozoea
2554:
2549:
2539:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2493:Diaphoretickes
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2388:
2387:External links
2385:
2383:
2382:
2363:(2): 169–180.
2346:
2280:
2231:
2214:
2171:
2142:
2088:
2081:
2056:
2021:
1993:
1936:
1930:978-0120445653
1929:
1908:
1877:
1864:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1815:Caryophyllales
1769:
1758:
1753:, also causes
1717:
1606:
1603:
1555:Life cycle of
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1381:Peronosporales
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:Saprolegniales
1284:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:Atkinsiellales
1262:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:Haliphthorales
1209:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:Haptoglossales
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1061:Albugo candida
1029:Peronosporales
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1000:
992:
985:Peronosporales
982:
981:
980:
967:
966:
965:
952:
951:
950:
942:
929:
928:
927:
919:
914:Verrucalvaceae
911:
904:Saprolegniales
901:
900:
899:
894:Crypticolaceae
891:
884:Atkinsiellales
881:
880:
879:
871:
852:Pontismataceae
849:
844:Sirolpidiaceae
836:
835:
834:
824:Haliphthorales
821:
820:
819:
806:
805:
804:
797:Haptoglossales
794:
793:
792:
790:Ectrogellaceae
782:
781:
780:
772:
756:
755:
754:
738:
737:
736:
723:Lagenismatales
720:
719:
718:
705:Anisolpidiales
698:
697:
690:
687:Peronosporales
683:
676:
669:
662:
659:Saprolegniales
630:Peronosporales
622:Saprolegniales
605:
604:Classification
602:
593:
590:
501:
498:
461:, is used for
423:chlamydospores
383:microorganisms
314:
313:
312:
311:
305:
296:
295:
289:
288:
287:
286:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
267:Ectrogellaceae
262:Saprolegniales
259:
258:
257:
247:
246:
245:
240:
235:
228:Peronosporales
225:
224:
223:
213:
212:
211:
209:Sirolpidiaceae
206:
201:
191:
190:
189:
179:
174:
166:
165:
161:
160:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
95:Diaphoretickes
92:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
61:
60:
57:Peronosporales
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4191:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3697:Bolidophyceae
3694:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3657:Pelagophyceae
3654:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3604:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3549:Xanthophyceae
3546:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3456:Neodermatales
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3226:Actinophryida
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Chromulinales
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3123:Chrysophyceae
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Eustigmatales
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3089:Olisthodiscus
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2632:
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2625:
2623:
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2574:
2570:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Stramenopiles
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2483:(major groups
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:Stramenopiles
2446:
2442:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
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2391:
2390:
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2374:
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2366:
2362:
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2328:
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2319:
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2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1897:
1896:HarperCollins
1893:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1874:
1868:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1825:are obligate
1824:
1820:
1819:downy mildews
1816:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1785:inflorescence
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:downy mildews
1759:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1742:P. oligandrum
1738:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1353:
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1349:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:Eurychasmales
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1134:
1126:
1123:February 2024
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1092:This section
1090:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1004:
1001:
998:Schroet. 1893
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
986:
983:
978:Schroet. 1893
976:
973:
972:
971:
968:
961:
958:
957:
956:
953:
946:
943:
938:
937:Leptomitaceae
935:
934:
933:
930:
923:
920:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
882:
875:
872:
867:
862:Sparrow, 1934
860:
855:Petersen 1909
853:
850:
845:
842:
841:
840:
837:
832:Vishniac 1958
830:
827:
826:
825:
822:
817:Petersen 1905
815:
812:
811:
810:
809:Eurychasmales
807:
803:
800:
799:
798:
795:
791:
788:
787:
786:
785:Ectrogellales
783:
776:
773:
768:
765:
764:
760:
757:
750:
747:
746:
742:
739:
732:
729:
728:
724:
721:
714:
711:
710:
706:
703:
702:
701:
695:
691:
688:
684:
681:
677:
674:
670:
667:
663:
660:
656:
655:
654:
648:
647:
642:
637:
631:
627:
623:
618:
610:
601:
599:
589:
585:
583:
578:
572:
571:
564:
557:
551:
547:
546:
540:
534:
533:
526:
519:
513:
509:
508:
497:
495:
492:
488:
484:
483:stramenopiles
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:heterotrophic
392:
388:
387:Stramenopiles
384:
381:
377:
373:
369:
363:
321:
306:
300:
299:
297:
294:
290:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:Leptomitaceae
219:
218:
217:
214:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
199:Lagenidiaceae
197:
196:
195:
192:
188:
185:
184:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
167:
162:
157:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:Stramenopiles
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4179:Water moulds
3987:
3884:
3859:paraphyletic
3844:
3838:
3783:Mediophyceae
3642:Pedinellales
3637:Dictyochales
3577:Vaucheriales
3536:Schizocladia
3534:
3509:Phaeosaccion
3507:
3476:Sporochnales
3451:Laminariales
3441:Ectocarpales
3426:Ascoseirales
3418:Fucophycidae
3340:Phaeophyceae
3325:
3259:
3169:Synchromales
3136:Hibberdiales
3087:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2980:Leptomitales
2887:
2838:
2821:Bigyromonada
2779:
2755:Amphitremida
2732:
2702:Blastocystea
2674:Opalomonadea
2633:
2626:
2542:Opisthokonta
2360:
2356:
2349:
2338:. Retrieved
2300:
2296:
2283:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2222:
2217:
2195:(4): 671–8.
2192:
2188:
2164:, retrieved
2155:
2145:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2071:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2013:. Retrieved
1953:
1949:
1939:
1920:
1899:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1872:
1867:
1846:
1841:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1733:
1730:Phytophthora
1729:
1723:
1721:paraphyletic
1695:Great Famine
1676:paraphyletic
1671:Phytophthora
1669:
1655:
1647:
1626:
1588:
1556:
1547:Reproduction
1533:
1499:rather than
1490:
1452:
1379:
1364:
1342:
1303:Leptomitales
1301:
1286:
1264:
1233:
1211:
1180:
1165:
1129:
1120:
1105:Please help
1093:
1065:
1059:
1049:P. infestans
1048:
1022:
975:Albuginaceae
960:Rhipidiaceae
932:Leptomitales
865:
858:
716:Karling 1943
699:
694:Lagenidiales
666:Leptomitales
652:
644:
595:
586:
569:
543:
531:
505:
503:
475:
471:water moulds
470:
466:
456:
454:mycoparasite
429:, producing
372:phylogenetic
367:
319:
317:
233:Albuginaceae
216:Leptomitales
194:Lagenidiales
187:Albuginaceae
177:Miraculaceae
150:
114:
101:
88:
50:
29:
4079:iNaturalist
4012:Wikispecies
3909:iNaturalist
3846:Platysulcus
3557:Botrydiales
3398:Onslowiales
3393:Dictyotales
2975:Albuginales
2957:Rhipidiales
2892:(Oomycetes)
2859:Pseudofungi
2834:Pirsoniales
2760:Amphifilida
2669:Nanomonadea
2599:Bicosoecida
1901:5 September
1845:Winter, G.
1817:. Like the
1795:Brassicales
1777:Albuginales
1757:in mammals.
1737:damping off
1711:ink disease
1687:late blight
1674:group is a
1652:infections.
1649:Saprolegnia
1486:Heterokonta
1473:. A common
1467:brown algae
1366:Albuginales
1344:Rhipidiales
1045:late blight
1043:Symptom of
970:Albuginales
955:Rhipidiales
940:Kuetz. 1843
680:Albuginales
673:Rhipidiales
646:Saprolegnia
626:Albuginales
467:water molds
438:saprophytic
417:and female
391:filamentous
389:. They are
385:within the
374:lineage of
255:Rhipidaceae
250:Rhipidiales
182:Albuginales
141:Pseudofungi
137:Subphylum:
3613:Diatomista
3466:Ralfsiales
3375:Ishigeales
3231:Commatiida
3161:Picophagea
3141:Hydrurales
3045:Ochrophyta
2664:Placididea
2646:Placidozoa
2340:2024-02-20
2166:2016-07-16
2015:2014-07-07
1886:"oomycete"
1834:References
1810:Wilsoniana
1571:plasmogamy
1505:septations
1493:cell walls
1246:Oogametia
1006:Warm. 1884
995:Pythiaceae
925:Warm. 1884
909:Achlyaceae
859:Petersenia
857:(contains
592:Morphology
491:Cretaceous
463:biocontrol
442:pathogenic
415:antheridia
380:eukaryotic
309:Dick, 2001
243:Pythiaceae
35:Oomycetes
3900:Q21445833
3885:Oomycetes
3715:Diatomeae
3261:Aurearena
3062:Chrysista
2952:Pythiales
2829:Developea
2720:Sagenista
2684:Opalinata
2607:Bicoecida
2537:Amoebozoa
2515:Alveolata
2503:Cryptista
2478:Eukaryota
2441:Eukaryota
2158:: 1–462,
2072:The fungi
1827:biotrophs
1805:Asterales
1781:epidermis
1755:Pythiosis
1749:species,
1640:Sea trout
1595:zoospores
1575:karyogamy
1497:cellulose
1463:cladistic
1094:does not
1033:pythiosis
963:Cejp 1959
948:Dick 1971
917:Dick 1984
897:Dick 1995
877:Cejp 1959
847:Cejp 1959
778:Dick 1995
770:Dick 1995
762:Dick 2001
752:Dick 1995
744:Dick 2001
734:Dick 1995
726:Dick 2001
708:Dick 2001
563:translit.
525:translit.
500:Etymology
434:zoospores
427:sporangia
403:asexually
320:Oomycetes
303:Arx, 1967
301:Oomycota
151:Oomycetes
82:Eukaryota
4173:Category
4092:MycoBank
4053:Fungorum
4018:Oomycota
3997:Wikidata
3988:Oomycota
3935:MycoBank
3894:Wikidata
3705:Parmales
3686:Khakista
3016:Miracula
2840:Pirsonia
2697:Opalinea
2655:Wobblata
2622:Borokida
2612:Anoecida
2590:Opalozoa
2532:Amorphea
2510:Rhizaria
2498:Hacrobia
2488:Excavata
2473:Bacteria
2331:Archived
2327:19741609
2275:29024322
2160:archived
2138:25923521
2098:PLOS ONE
2051:16018320
2009:Archived
1988:19447961
1862:, 1880 .
1856:Archived
1691:potatoes
1599:oospores
1517:flagella
1459:protists
1449:External
1075:Internal
866:Pontisma
413:of male
399:sexually
368:Oomycota
293:Synonyms
127:Phylum:
78:Domain:
18:Oomycota
4003:Q223597
3446:Fucales
2901:Eogamia
2810:Gyrista
2728:Eogyrea
2635:Cantina
2547:Animals
2468:Archaea
2377:2041934
2305:Bibcode
2266:5772912
2209:7659021
2129:4418965
2106:Bibcode
1979:2708430
1958:Bibcode
1800:Pustula
1747:Pythium
1734:Pythium
1725:Pythium
1713:in the
1699:Ireland
1683:dieback
1623:culture
1593:called
1583:diploid
1579:haploid
1567:meiosis
1542:Biology
1536:species
1529:cristae
1513:haploid
1509:diploid
1471:diatoms
1115:removed
1100:sources
1024:Pythium
641:oogonia
582:oogonia
570:mýkitas
556:μύκητας
545:-mycete
419:oogonia
407:oospore
147:Class:
131:Gyrista
4143:230532
4140:uBio:
4133:555765
4117:NZOR:
4045:1OOMYC
3976:172230
3963:555765
3947:NZOR:
3861:groups
2628:Rictus
2579:Bigyra
2525:Plants
2462:Domain
2375:
2325:
2297:Nature
2273:
2263:
2207:
2136:
2126:
2079:
2049:
1986:
1976:
1927:
1821:, the
1807:, and
1790:Albugo
1709:, and
1628:Achlya
1591:spores
1581:, 2n:
1563:potato
1525:lysine
1501:chitin
1483:phylum
566:
528:
431:motile
411:hyphae
378:-like
376:fungus
366:), or
158:, 1880
156:Winter
4156:22154
4151:WoRMS
4097:90276
4084:52595
4058:90276
3971:WoRMS
3940:90274
3922:IRMNG
3914:52596
2552:Fungi
2373:S2CID
2334:(PDF)
2293:(PDF)
1853:p. 32
1679:genus
1577:, n:
1573:, K:
1569:, P:
1565:. M:
1479:class
1455:fungi
1027:sp. (
598:hypha
550:Greek
512:Greek
494:amber
487:algae
478:fungi
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
4110:4762
4105:NCBI
4066:GBIF
4040:EPPO
4032:5719
3927:1215
2323:PMID
2271:PMID
2227:link
2205:PMID
2134:PMID
2077:ISBN
2047:PMID
1984:PMID
1925:ISBN
1903:2023
1719:The
1668:The
1469:and
1098:any
1096:cite
692:The
685:The
678:The
671:The
664:The
657:The
628:and
577:lit.
539:lit.
469:(or
448:and
440:and
425:and
401:and
393:and
318:The
4027:EoL
3072:SII
2445:SAR
2365:doi
2361:111
2313:doi
2301:461
2261:PMC
2253:doi
2197:doi
2124:PMC
2114:doi
2039:doi
2035:109
1974:PMC
1966:doi
1689:in
1644:UDN
1625:of
1109:by
532:ōon
518:ωόν
507:oo-
108:SAR
4175::
4153::
4130::
4107::
4094::
4081::
4071:32
4068::
4055::
4042::
4029::
4014::
3999::
3973::
3960::
3937::
3924::
3911::
3896::
3244:PX
3205:SI
2447::
2443::
2371:.
2359:.
2329:.
2321:.
2311:.
2299:.
2295:.
2269:.
2259:.
2249:19
2247:.
2243:.
2203:.
2193:12
2191:.
2174:^
2154:,
2132:,
2122:,
2112:,
2102:10
2100:,
2075:.
2059:^
2045:.
2033:.
2007:.
1996:^
1982:.
1972:.
1964:.
1954:75
1952:.
1948:.
1911:^
1894:.
1888:.
1797:,
1775:,
1768:).
1705:,
1685:,
1621:A
1488:.
864:,
624:,
574:,
560:,
552::
536:,
522:,
514::
496:.
353:iː
347:aɪ
332:oʊ
117::
104::
91::
59:)
3857:*
2657:*
2559:)
2433:e
2426:t
2419:v
2379:.
2367::
2343:.
2315::
2307::
2277:.
2255::
2229:.
2211:.
2199::
2116::
2108::
2085:.
2053:.
2041::
2018:.
1990:.
1968::
1960::
1933:.
1905:.
1585:.
1136:)
1130:(
1125:)
1121:(
1117:.
1103:.
1047:(
649:.
548:(
510:(
362:/
359:s
356:t
350:s
344:m
341:ˈ
338:ə
335:.
329:ˌ
326:/
322:(
55:(
20:)
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