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swimming pool for their weekly exercises, they were usually informed that "the schedule had been changed". If they did get to swim, the pool would be cleaned the following day. Crain often joked about the discrimination, telling a journalist who was coming to interview her, "The building has two elevators. Mine is at the back".
331:
in the army. For example, as officers in training, the black women were not allowed to sleep in the same barracks as the white women, but were housed in private rooms. Nor were they permitted to use the showers at the same time as whites. When Crain would take her
African-American company to the
422:. Focusing on improving employment conditions, wages, and career options for women, she interacted with both individuals and women's groups. She also supervised conferences on "child care, health benefits, job training, working conditions, and earnings ratios". She retired in December 1998.
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to aid the war effort. Upon enlisting, however, she learned that they were not seeking black women. Crain completed basic training and then applied to officer training. She was one of three black women out of 300 women nationwide to enter officer training in 1943.
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and taught night school there for five years. By 1974 she had advanced to the post of women's program coordinator and equal employment opportunity officer for the Boston office, and spoke to women around the country about their employment rights.
319:
Crain was promoted to corporal in
December 1942 and to company leader of an African-American unit in February 1943. In September, she was discharged from the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps so she could enter regular service in the
198:, Colorado, in 1984. She traveled and spoke extensively to women about employment rights, wages, and career opportunities. She received numerous awards and honors, and was inducted into the
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in
Massachusetts to work in intelligence. When she was accused of being a communist by her superior officer, Crain underwent months of investigations and emerged with a top-secret
483:
sorority, of which Crain was a member, established the Oleta
Lawanda Crain Scholarship in her honor. The $ 2,000 scholarship is awarded to female high-school seniors from
386:
office to serve as associate regional administrator for the agency's Office of Job
Service for the New England states; at the same time, she earned her master's degree at
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asked her to stay following the desegregation of the army "because she got along so well with the troops". She was promoted to
Captain in May 1948 and was transferred to
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Crain donated her collection of documents and memorabilia from her service in the Women's Army
Auxiliary Corps and the United States Air Force during the 1940s to the
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1993:
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438:, a Distinguished Career Service award from the United States Department of Labor, and a Martin Luther King Jr. Humanitarian Award.
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School of
International Relations in Austria. After joining the civil service, she earned her master's degree in
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In 1984, she was transferred to Denver, Colorado, to serve as regional administrator of the agency's
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499:. The Oleta Crain Enrichment Academy Community Center in Denver was also named in her honor.
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in the U.S. military in 1943, she was one of the three
African Americans. She served in the
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The
Picture Man: From the Collection of Bay Area Photographer E.F. Joseph, 1927–1979
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for 20 years, retiring with the rank of major. In 1964 she began working for the
162:(September 8, 1913 – November 7, 2007) was an African-American military officer,
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in Germany. She retired from active duty in June 1963 with the rank of major.
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First Lieutenant Crain was retained in the U.S. military after World War II.
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In the early 1940s Crain taught gym and history in a segregated school in
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The U.S. Department of Labor posthumously cited her contribution during
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604:"Oleta Crain: Labor department official promotes women's job rights"
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in 2018, whose theme was "African Americans in Times of War".
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358:, Alaska (1951), test control officer at an American base in
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to find better-paying work and in 1942 obtained a job at the
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Crain died in Denver on November 7, 2007, at the age of 94.
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cleaning toilets. She was inspired to enlist after seeing a
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218:. She graduated from Douglass High School and studied at
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Women of Consequence: The Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
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as a manpower development specialist. She moved to the
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for three years, but received her bachelor's degree in
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564:"Oleta L. Crain - Military Officer and Civil Servant"
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654:
2410:African-American United States Air Force personnel
210:Oleta Lawanda Crain was born to V. Paula Crain in
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717:Bedford-Billinghurst, Marzy (February 8, 2018).
571:Blair-Caldwell African American Research Library
474:Blair-Caldwell African American Research Library
530:"Retired Army major fought, lived through bias"
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362:, England (1952–1955), and manpower officer at
2360:Female officers of the United States Air Force
234:. She later earned an undergraduate degree in
2415:African-American United States Army personnel
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2365:African-American female military personnel
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350:She later served as personnel director at
174:. Out of 300 women nationwide who entered
28:
190:, becoming regional administrator of its
719:"Honoring Oleta Crain, an American Hero"
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2160:Frances Xavier Cabrini (Mother Cabrini)
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612:. May 18, 1974. p. 13 – via
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528:Culver, Virginia (November 21, 2007).
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2190:Julie Villiers Lewis McMillan Penrose
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958:
920:
872:Reid, Careth; Beckford, Ruth (2017).
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2400:20th-century African-American people
2375:Lincoln University (Missouri) alumni
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251:John F. Kennedy School of Government
2395:20th-century African-American women
829:. Scholarship Owl. January 23, 2018
827:"The Delta Sigma Theta Scholarship"
585:
464:
324:as an Air Force Second Lieutenant.
13:
2425:Female United States Army officers
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276:
14:
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2405:African Americans in World War II
2230:Elizabeth Georgiana Barratt Wells
723:United States Department of Labor
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432:Air Force Longevity Service Award
376:United States Department of Labor
311:poster calling for women to join
184:United States Department of Labor
134:United States Department of Labor
126:Air Force Longevity Service Award
2370:Military personnel from Oklahoma
857:. University Press of Colorado.
619:
374:In 1964, Crain was hired by the
327:Crain was constantly exposed to
819:
2390:Military personnel from Denver
2380:Northeastern University alumni
1185:Elizabeth Hickok Robbins Stone
450:. Crain was inducted into the
446:conferred on her the honor of
1:
948:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
793:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
502:
452:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
200:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
139:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
2385:People from Wewoka, Oklahoma
370:Federal civil service career
309:Women's Army Auxiliary Corps
151:United States Women's Bureau
7:
2420:Women's Army Corps soldiers
288:, official insignia of the
242:'s extension university in
136:Distinguished Service Award
10:
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2210:Minnie Reynolds Scalabrino
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497:historically black college
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1907:Elizabeth Wright Ingraham
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854:Colorado Women: A History
299:. She decided to move to
166:, and advocate for black
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2306:Lula Lubchenco Josephson
2124:Velveta Golightly-Howell
1887:Morley Cowles Ballantine
899:. Big Earth Publishing.
893:Varnell, Jeanne (1999).
851:Beaton, Gail M. (2012).
814:Reid & Beckford 2017
352:Elmendorf Air Force Base
249:She took courses at the
232:Jefferson City, Missouri
206:Early life and education
149:Regional administrator,
85:United States of America
2119:Rosalind Juanita Harris
1897:Penny Rafferty Hamilton
1721:Babe Didrikson Zaharias
1352:Frances McConnell-Mills
1144:Frances Wisebart Jacobs
1087:Hannah Marie Wormington
495:who plan to study in a
388:Northeastern University
341:Westover Air Force Base
271:Northeastern University
236:business administration
180:United States Air Force
100:United States Air Force
2205:Patricia Barela Rivera
2185:Katharine Stegner Odum
2175:Zipporah Parks Hammond
2150:Theodosia Grace Ammons
2109:Elizabeth Piper Ensley
1902:Julia Archibald Holmes
1841:Erinea Garcia Gallegos
1625:Clarissa Pinkola Estés
1472:Pauline Short Robinson
1347:Mary Hauck Elitch Long
878:. Arcadia Publishing.
479:The Denver chapter of
292:
240:University of Maryland
1974:Anna Jo Garcia Haynes
1327:Dana Hudkins Crawford
1270:Jane Silverstein Ries
1149:Mary Florence Lathrop
1113:Helen Louise Peterson
977:Lena Lovato Archuleta
329:racial discrimination
305:Denver Ordnance Plant
284:
267:public administration
164:federal civil servant
106:Years of service
2266:Gail Benjamin Colvin
2225:Olibama Lopez Tushar
2099:Alida Cornelia Avery
1989:Sandra I. Rothenberg
1892:Lauren Young Casteel
1671:Sue Anschutz-Rodgers
1367:Mildred Pitts Walter
1357:Rachel Bassette Noel
1260:Hendrika B. Cantwell
1216:Cleo Parker Robinson
263:University of Vienna
261:in England, and the
259:Cambridge University
153:, Denver (1984–1998)
2321:Jacqueline St. Joan
2246:Judith E. N. Albino
2220:Agnes Wright Spring
2200:Agnes Ludwig Riddle
2094:Katherine Archuleta
1979:Arlene Vigil Kramer
1922:Helen Ring Robinson
1795:Bartley Marie Scott
1533:Emily Howell Warner
1467:J. Virginia Lincoln
1123:Eudochia Bell Smith
1067:May Bonfils Stanton
775:, pp. 168–169.
459:Black History Month
364:Lindsey Air Station
220:Langston University
212:Earlsboro, Oklahoma
160:Oleta Lawanda Crain
58:Earlsboro, Oklahoma
40:Oleta Lawanda Crain
2271:Linda Seitz Fowler
2180:Susanne E. Jalbert
1882:Christine Arguello
1800:Alice Bemis Taylor
1760:Madeleine Albright
1696:Mary Lou Makepeace
1362:Marilyn Van Derbur
1342:Elnora M. Gilfoyle
1265:Sarah Platt-Decker
1206:Edwina Hume Fallis
1170:Caroline Churchill
1022:Helen Hunt Jackson
609:Pittsburgh Courier
430:Crain received an
398:for the states of
345:security clearance
322:Women's Army Corps
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290:Women's Army Corps
255:Harvard University
228:Lincoln University
96:United States Army
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2296:Elizabeth Hoffman
2291:Gloria J. Higgins
2165:Vicki Jane Cowart
2114:Carolina Gonzalez
2104:Guadalupe Briseño
2089:Mary Lou Anderson
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1953:Laura Ann Hershey
1917:Joanne M. Maguire
1831:Fannie Mae Duncan
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1691:Katherine Keating
1630:Arlene Hirschfeld
1594:Arie Parks Taylor
1564:Patricia A. Gabow
1477:Martha M. Urioste
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1332:Margaret L. Curry
1322:Elise M. Boulding
1286:Helen Marie Black
1255:Caroline Bancroft
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1180:B. LaRae Orullian
481:Delta Sigma Theta
436:oak leaf clusters
434:with four bronze
426:Awards and honors
214:, and grew up in
157:
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130:oak leaf clusters
128:with four bronze
55:September 8, 1913
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2286:Margaret Hansson
2251:Christine Benero
2129:Marianne Neifert
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2068:
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2025:Geraldine Grimes
1999:Judith B. Wagner
1958:Elizabeth Pellet
1912:Kristina Johnson
1821:Kristi S. Anseth
1775:Philippa Marrack
1765:Elinor Greenberg
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1650:Caroline Spencer
1584:Antoinette Perry
1574:Portia Mansfield
1554:Louie Croft Boyd
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465:Death and legacy
448:Kentucky Colonel
444:Edward Breathitt
380:Washington, D.C.
188:Washington, D.C.
176:officer training
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77:, Colorado, U.S.
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68:November 7, 2007
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1836:Loretta C. Ford
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1805:Jill S. Tietjen
1785:Hattie McDaniel
1780:Ramona Martinez
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1610:Stephanie Allen
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1589:Charlotte Perry
1569:Carlotta LaNier
1549:Anna Lee Aldred
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1503:Virginia Fraser
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1482:Zita Weinshienk
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1413:Mary Luke Tobin
1388:Eppie Archuleta
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1337:Terri H. Finkel
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1291:Genevieve Fiore
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1211:Sumiko Hennessy
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277:Military career
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2004:Christine Voss
2001:
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789:"Oleta Crain"
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2316:Carolyn Love
2311:Mary Krugman
2301:Elsa Holguín
2281:Dusti Gurule
2261:Fran Coleman
1856:Ding-Wen Hsu
1846:Laura Gilpin
1716:Rhea Woltman
1706:Anna Petteys
1655:Vivien Spitz
1620:Marion Downs
1615:Judy Collins
1579:Carol Mutter
1508:Gudy Gaskill
1457:Joy S. Burns
1398:Juana Bordas
1174:
1012:Justina Ford
913:
895:
874:
853:
831:. Retrieved
821:
809:
797:. Retrieved
773:Varnell 1999
768:
761:Varnell 1999
746:Varnell 1999
726:. Retrieved
700:Varnell 1999
649:Varnell 1999
607:
575:. Retrieved
539:. Retrieved
533:
478:
471:
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456:
429:
412:South Dakota
408:North Dakota
393:
373:
349:
337:The Pentagon
334:
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318:
294:
248:
209:
159:
158:
70:(2007-11-07)
15:
2355:2007 deaths
2350:1913 births
2195:Lydia Prado
2155:Libby Bortz
2134:Gale Norton
2030:Susan Helms
1994:Shari Shink
1711:Eliza Routt
1681:Evie Dennis
1518:Mary Miller
1462:Josie Heath
1403:Swanee Hunt
1201:Clara Brown
1175:Oleta Crain
1092:Jean Yancey
1047:Mary Rippon
1027:Dottie Lamm
992:Molly Brown
681:Beaton 2012
664:Beaton 2012
476:in Denver.
246:, Germany.
22:Oleta Crain
2344:Categories
2170:Ruth Denny
1984:Lydia Peña
1943:Anne Evans
1927:Diana Wall
1635:Jean Jones
1523:Sue Miller
1452:Polly Baca
1393:Ceal Barry
1301:Wilma Webb
1037:Golda Meir
906:1555662145
503:References
493:California
244:Heidelberg
82:Allegiance
51:1913-09-08
37:Birth name
1042:Owl Woman
833:April 16,
799:April 16,
728:April 16,
577:April 16,
454:in 1988.
442:Governor
356:Anchorage
238:from the
202:in 1988.
109:1943–1963
1701:Lily Nie
541:March 9,
489:Oklahoma
485:Missouri
440:Kentucky
400:Colorado
301:Colorado
90:Service/
997:Chipeta
845:Sources
420:Wyoming
404:Montana
360:Ruislip
903:
882:
861:
795:. 2018
573:. 2004
491:, and
418:, and
384:Boston
216:Wewoka
196:Denver
141:(1988)
122:Awards
92:branch
75:Denver
60:, U.S.
2072:2020s
1743:2010s
1435:2000s
1238:1990s
960:1980s
567:(PDF)
226:from
117:Major
2239:2024
2143:2022
2082:2020
2013:2018
1967:2016
1936:2015
1875:2014
1814:2012
1753:2010
1664:2008
1603:2006
1542:2004
1491:2002
1445:2000
1376:1997
1310:1996
1279:1991
1248:1990
1194:1989
1163:1988
1132:1987
1101:1986
970:1985
901:ISBN
880:ISBN
859:ISBN
835:2018
801:2018
730:2018
579:2018
543:2018
416:Utah
170:and
114:Rank
65:Died
45:Born
378:in
354:in
269:at
253:at
230:in
194:in
186:in
2346::
791:.
780:^
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487:,
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347:.
273:.
257:,
98:,
940:e
933:t
926:v
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888:.
867:.
837:.
803:.
732:.
616:.
581:.
545:.
53:)
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
