350:
139:
118:
403:
A phylogenetic analysis (the results presented in a cladogram below) conducted by James
Lamsdell in 2013 on the relationships within the Xiphosura and the relations to other closely related groups concluded that the Xiphosura, as presently understood, was
1474:"The arthropod Offacolus kingi (Chelicerata) from the Silurian of Herefordshire, England: computer based morphological reconstructions and phylogenetic affinities"
445:
1001:
1016:
1778:
1849:
1829:
1839:
1844:
1472:
Sutton, Mark D.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Siveter, Derek J.; Orr, Patrick J. (2002-06-22).
1824:
138:
1834:
315:
369:
possess limb-like exopods (outer limb branches) on appendage II to V, a character suggest to be
1819:
1796:
1746:
349:
1791:
412:
but not including all descendants of this ancestor) and thus not a valid phylogenetic group.
1648:"Revised systematics of Palaeozoic 'horseshoe crabs' and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura"
1700:
1589:
1534:
409:
8:
1721:
1704:
1688:
1593:
1538:
1620:
1577:
1498:
1473:
1446:
1413:
133:
1726:
1689:"Lower Ordovician synziphosurine reveals early euchelicerate diversity and evolution"
1669:
1664:
1647:
1625:
1607:
1558:
1550:
1503:
1451:
1433:
301:
1716:
1708:
1659:
1615:
1597:
1542:
1493:
1485:
1441:
1425:
430:
1769:
1228:
528:
308:
1712:
335:
312:
1602:
1546:
1414:"A new arthropod from the Silurian Konservat–Lagerstätte of Herefordshire, UK"
1813:
1673:
1611:
1554:
1437:
1240:
1131:
1104:
924:
762:
615:
370:
283:
193:
68:
1730:
1629:
1562:
1507:
1489:
1455:
1429:
1409:
1086:
949:
689:
417:
405:
339:
244:
117:
1478:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
1418:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
1269:
1201:
962:
889:
805:
790:
674:
664:
633:
511:
496:
450:
439:
393:
287:
206:
180:
43:
1783:
1214:
1174:
1064:
977:
837:
713:
575:
475:
460:
400:
2002 further suggested it to be unambiguously a chelicerate arthropod.
290:
88:
53:
1253:
909:
855:
731:
427:
389:
374:
170:
150:
93:
37:
1740:
1522:
1763:
545:
305:
298:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
30:
1687:
Lustri, Lorenzo; Gueriau, Pierre; Daley, Allison C. (7 May 2024).
1578:"Mandibulate convergence in an armoured Cambrian stem chelicerate"
1156:
319:
276:
98:
73:
590:
327:
160:
279:
323:
1471:
334:, a person who dwelled among (this time referring to) the
338:. The species name honors Robert Joseph King, a British
1407:
433:
Offacolidae. This family currently includes along with
396:
affinities, with detailed redescription done by Sutton
373:(observable in the putative stem-chelicerate taxon
1686:
1811:
1576:Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2017-12-21).
1520:
1521:Dunlop, Jason A.; Lamsdell, James C. (2017).
1412:; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D. (2000).
426:was once considered the only mamber of the
1523:"Segmentation and tagmosis in Chelicerata"
116:
1720:
1663:
1652:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1619:
1601:
1575:
1497:
1445:
1645:
377:) and lost within the prosomapod clade.
348:
1812:
297:, has been found in deposits from the
1745:
1744:
1527:Arthropod Structure & Development
326:, a king from the ancient kingdom of
1641:
1639:
1467:
1465:
1408:Orr, Patrick J.; Siveter, Derek J.;
1403:
1401:
420:(closest relative) of Prosomapoda.
357:, showing limb-like exopods (Ex2-5)
13:
449:and represent the sister group of
14:
1861:
1636:
1462:
1398:
380:
1665:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00874.x
137:
41:
388:was originally described as an
1680:
1569:
1514:
1:
1850:Fossil taxa described in 2000
1830:Silurian arthropods of Europe
1391:
322:. The genus is named after
316:Lagerstätte of Herefordshire
7:
1646:Lamsdell, James C. (2012).
16:Extinct genus of arthropods
10:
1866:
1713:10.1038/s41467-024-48013-w
1840:Wenlock first appearances
1753:
1603:10.1186/s12862-017-1088-7
1547:10.1016/j.asd.2016.05.002
1266:
1251:
1244:
1225:
1218:
1197:
1170:
1152:
1145:
1127:
1100:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1014:
998:
991:
973:
966:
945:
938:
920:
913:
903:
885:
878:
851:
833:
826:
819:
801:
794:
773:
766:
727:
710:
703:
685:
678:
668:
629:
611:
604:
586:
579:
568:
541:
525:
507:
500:
489:
471:
464:
342:who found the fossils of
250:
243:
134:Scientific classification
132:
124:
115:
23:
1582:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1490:10.1098/rspb.2002.1986
1430:10.1098/rspb.2000.1170
358:
353:Ventral appendages of
1792:Paleobiology Database
1693:Nature Communications
416:was recovered as the
352:
1845:Homerian extinctions
410:last common ancestor
293:. Its only species,
1705:2024NatCo..15.3808L
1594:2017BMCEE..17..261A
1539:2017ArtSD..46..395D
1484:(1497): 1195–1203.
1424:(1452): 1497–1504.
1410:Briggs, Derek E. G.
408:(a group sharing a
1825:Fossils of England
359:
125:Reconstruction of
1807:
1806:
1747:Taxon identifiers
1388:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1186:
1185:
1116:
1115:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
867:
866:
752:
751:
743:
742:
654:
653:
645:
644:
557:
556:
268:
267:
239:
216:
1857:
1835:Silurian animals
1800:
1799:
1787:
1786:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1623:
1605:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1501:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1405:
1247:
1246:
1221:
1220:
1148:
1147:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1070:
994:
993:
969:
968:
941:
940:
916:
915:
906:
905:
881:
880:
829:
828:
822:
821:
797:
796:
769:
768:
706:
705:
681:
680:
671:
670:
607:
606:
582:
581:
571:
570:
503:
502:
492:
491:
467:
466:
457:
456:
233:
226:
210:
205:
142:
141:
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1782:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1749:
1739:
1738:
1685:
1681:
1644:
1637:
1574:
1570:
1519:
1515:
1470:
1463:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1229:Chasmataspidida
1187:
1117:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
868:
753:
744:
655:
646:
558:
529:Trilobitomorpha
383:
355:Offacolus kingi
264:
257:
254:Offacolus kingi
232:
224:
209:
203:
136:
127:Offacolus kingi
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1863:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1788:
1775:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1737:
1736:
1679:
1635:
1568:
1533:(3): 395–418.
1513:
1461:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
997:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:
982:
972:
967:
965:
959:
958:
955:
954:
944:
939:
937:
934:
933:
930:
929:
919:
914:
912:
904:
902:
899:
898:
895:
894:
884:
879:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
861:
860:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
832:
827:
825:
820:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
800:
795:
793:
787:
786:
783:
782:
772:
767:
765:
759:
758:
755:
754:
750:
749:
746:
745:
741:
740:
737:
736:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
709:
704:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
684:
679:
677:
669:
667:
661:
660:
657:
656:
652:
651:
648:
647:
643:
642:
639:
638:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
610:
605:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
585:
580:
578:
569:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
555:
554:
551:
550:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
524:
521:
520:
517:
516:
506:
501:
499:
490:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
470:
465:
463:
455:
382:
381:Classification
379:
313:Wenlock Series
266:
265:
258:
248:
247:
241:
240:
222:
218:
217:
201:
197:
196:
191:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:Euchelicerata
1818:
1817:
1815:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1241:Sclerophorata
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:Pasternakevia
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:Cyamocephalus
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
996:
995:
989:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
979:
971:
970:
964:
961:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
951:
943:
942:
936:
935:
932:
931:
928:
927:
926:
925:Kasibelinurus
918:
917:
911:
908:
907:
901:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:
891:
883:
882:
876:
875:
872:
871:
863:
862:
859:
858:
857:
849:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
839:
831:
830:
824:
823:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
807:
799:
798:
792:
789:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
779:
771:
770:
764:
763:Euchelicerata
761:
760:
757:
756:
748:
747:
739:
738:
735:
734:
733:
725:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
715:
708:
707:
701:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
691:
683:
682:
676:
673:
672:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
650:
649:
641:
640:
637:
636:
635:
627:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
617:
616:Alalcomenaeus
609:
608:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
592:
584:
583:
577:
573:
572:
566:
565:
562:
561:
553:
552:
549:
548:
547:
539:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
513:
505:
504:
498:
494:
493:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
477:
469:
468:
462:
459:
458:
454:
452:
448:
447:
442:
441:
436:
432:
429:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
378:
376:
372:
371:plesiomorphic
368:
364:
356:
351:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
307:
303:
300:
296:
292:
289:
286:, a group of
285:
284:euchelicerate
281:
278:
274:
273:
262:
256:
255:
249:
246:
242:
237:
231:
230:
223:
220:
219:
214:
208:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:Euchelicerata
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
140:
135:
131:
128:
123:
119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1754:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1655:
1651:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1481:
1477:
1421:
1417:
1267:
1252:
1226:
1200:
1198:
1173:
1171:
1155:
1153:
1130:
1128:
1103:
1101:
1087:Pseudoniscus
1085:
1083:
1015:
999:
976:
974:
950:Willwerathia
948:
946:
923:
921:
888:
886:
854:
852:
836:
834:
804:
802:
777:
776:
774:
730:
728:
712:
711:
690:Palaeoisopus
688:
686:
632:
630:
614:
612:
589:
587:
544:
542:
526:
510:
508:
474:
472:
444:
438:
434:
423:
422:
418:sister taxon
413:
406:paraphyletic
402:
397:
385:
384:
366:
362:
360:
354:
343:
340:mineralogist
331:
294:
271:
270:
269:
260:
253:
252:
245:Type species
235:
228:
227:
212:
187:
126:
24:
18:
1699:(1): 3808.
1658:(1): 1–27.
1270:Eurypterida
1202:Bembicosoma
963:Xiphosurida
890:Legrandella
806:Weinbergina
791:Prosomapoda
675:Pycnogonida
665:Chelicerata
634:Leanchoilia
512:Emeraldella
497:Antennulata
451:Prosomapoda
446:Setapedites
440:Dibasterium
394:chelicerate
363:Dibasterium
361:Similar to
336:Offa's Dyke
288:chelicerate
207:Offacolidae
181:Chelicerata
177:Subphylum:
1814:Categories
1588:(1): 261.
1392:References
1215:Dekatriata
1175:Limuloides
1065:Planaterga
1002:Belinurina
978:Lunataspis
838:Venustulus
714:Pycnogonum
576:Megacheira
476:Fuxianhuia
461:Arthropoda
291:arthropods
171:Arthropoda
1770:Q60791379
1755:Offacolus
1674:0024-4082
1612:1471-2148
1555:1467-8039
1438:1471-2954
1254:Arachnida
910:Xiphosura
856:Camanchia
778:Offacolus
732:Haliestes
428:monotypic
414:Offacolus
390:arthropod
386:Offacolus
375:Habeliida
367:Offacolus
344:Offacolus
311:) in the
272:Offacolus
229:Offacolus
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
36:425
25:Offacolus
1764:Wikidata
1731:38714651
1722:11076625
1630:29262772
1563:27240897
1508:12065034
1456:11007324
1017:Limulina
546:Sidneyia
435:O. kingi
424:O. kingi
306:Homerian
299:Silurian
295:O. kingi
200:Family:
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
31:Homerian
1784:4650119
1701:Bibcode
1621:5738823
1590:Bibcode
1535:Bibcode
1499:1691018
1447:1690702
1157:Bunodes
320:England
277:extinct
221:Genus:
211:Sutton
105:↓
1729:
1719:
1672:
1628:
1618:
1610:
1561:
1553:
1506:
1496:
1454:
1444:
1436:
591:Yohoia
431:family
398:et al.
330:, and
328:Mercia
302:period
275:is an
263:, 2000
261:et al.
238:, 2000
236:et al.
215:, 2002
213:et al.
1797:91506
392:with
332:colus
309:epoch
280:genus
188:Clade
1779:GBIF
1727:PMID
1670:ISSN
1626:PMID
1608:ISSN
1559:PMID
1551:ISSN
1504:PMID
1452:PMID
1434:ISSN
443:and
324:Offa
259:Orr
234:Orr
44:PreꞒ
1717:PMC
1709:doi
1660:doi
1656:167
1616:PMC
1598:doi
1543:doi
1494:PMC
1486:doi
1482:269
1442:PMC
1426:doi
1422:267
282:of
33:, ~
1816::
1794::
1781::
1766::
1725:.
1715:.
1707:.
1697:15
1695:.
1691:.
1668:.
1654:.
1650:.
1638:^
1624:.
1614:.
1606:.
1596:.
1586:17
1584:.
1580:.
1557:.
1549:.
1541:.
1531:46
1529:.
1525:.
1502:.
1492:.
1480:.
1476:.
1464:^
1450:.
1440:.
1432:.
1420:.
1416:.
1400:^
453:.
437:,
365:,
346:.
318:,
190::
94:Pg
38:Ma
1733:.
1711::
1703::
1676:.
1662::
1632:.
1600::
1592::
1565:.
1545::
1537::
1510:.
1488::
1458:.
1428::
1268:†
1227:†
1199:†
1172:†
1154:†
1129:†
1102:†
1084:†
1000:†
975:†
947:†
922:†
887:†
853:†
835:†
803:†
775:†
729:†
687:†
631:†
613:†
588:†
574:†
543:†
527:†
509:†
495:†
473:†
304:(
251:†
225:†
204:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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