1261:
100:
1302:
111:
38:
147:
1317:, or a negative-bank turn, which is lower on the outside of a turn than on the inside. Off-camber corners are both feared and celebrated by skilled drivers. Handling them is a major factor in skilled vehicle control, both single-track and automotive; both engine-powered and human-powered vehicles; both on and off closed courses; and both on and off paved surfaces.
383:) in the United States is restricted to 75 mm (3 in), though 102 mm (4.0 in) is permissible by waiver. The maximum value for European railways varies by country, some of which have curves with over 280 mm (11 in) of unbalanced superelevation to permit high-speed transportation. The highest values are only for
1107:
1810:
Route 33 has everything. It rolls across the Santa Ynez
Mountains and plunges into the Cuyama Valley in relentlessly interesting ways. That includes midcorner elevation changes, off-camber hairpins, tightening-radius sweepers and straights long enough to hit terminal velocity. It's 72 miles of pure
1320:
On race courses, they are one of a handful of engineering factors at the disposal of a course designer in order to challenge and test drivers' skills. Off-camber corners were described by a training guide for prospective racers as "the hardest corners you will encounter" on the track. Many notable
1281:
off the sides of the road. During road works that involve lengths of temporary carriageway, the slope may be the opposite to normal – for example, with the outer edge higher – which causes vehicles to lean towards oncoming traffic. In the UK, this is indicated on warning signs as "adverse camber".
173:
of the wheels. Allowance has to be made for the different speeds of trains. Slower trains will tend to make flange contact with the inner rail on curves, while faster trains will tend to ride outwards and make contact with the outer rail. Either contact causes
949:
618:
the gravitational acceleration. This follows simply from a balance between weight, centrifugal force, and normal force. In the approximation it is assumed that the cant is small compared to the gauge of the track. It is often convenient to define the
816:
593:
1470:
Concrete re-sleepering of all curves of less than an 810-metre radius, using some 220,000 sleepers to increase cant deficiency and super-elevation, will be undertaken allowing for increased train speeds and further reducing transit
75:) is the rate of change in elevation (height) between the two rails or edges of the road. This is normally greater where the railway or road is curved; raising the outer rail or the outer edge of the road creates a
1637:
1276:
or camber. It helps rainwater drain from the road surface. Along straight or gently curved sections, the middle of the road is normally higher than the edges. This is called "normal crown" and helps shed
284:
1355:
To mountain bikers and motorcyclists on trails and dirt tracks, off-camber corners are also challenging, and can be either an engineered course feature, or a natural feature of single-track trails. In
943:
and the conversion factors for US customary units, the maximum speed of a train on curved track for a given cant deficiency or unbalanced superelevation is determined by the following formula:
906:
1102:{\displaystyle v_{max}\approx {\frac {3600}{63360}}{\sqrt {\frac {32.17\cdot 12(E_{a}+E_{u})}{56.5\cdot d{\frac {\pi }{1200\cdot 180}}}}}\approx {\sqrt {\frac {E_{a}+E_{u}}{0.00066d}}}}
1683:
Riverside
International Raceway is a good example of a course with no isolated textbook turns: Every corner is either combined with another, or banked, off-camber, rising or falling.
941:
649:
as the maximum allowed additional amount of cant that would be required by a train moving faster than the speed for which the cant was designed, setting the maximum allowed speed
688:
1756:
offers all types of curves—off-camber tight stuff, sweepers and esses that make me scramble from one side of the bike to the other while my foot stabs for the right gear.
1569:
376:
railway is approximately 150 mm (6 in). For high-speed railways in Europe, maximum cant is 180 mm (7 in) when slow freight trains are not allowed.
1235:
is increasing speed around curves sharper than an 800-metre (2,625 ft) radius by replacing wooden sleepers with concrete ones so that the cant can be increased.
1221:
680:
367:
1786:
Changing elevation a thousand feet at a time as it snakes over six mountain passes it offers no rest from decreasing radius, off-camber, blind and switchback curves.
1164:
1137:
853:
647:
420:
314:
1645:
488:
1184:
616:
480:
460:
440:
334:
158:. However, it may be necessary to select a compromise value at design time, for example if slow-moving trains may occasionally use tracks intended for
1696:
2479:
1839:
104:
122:
On railways, cant helps a train steer around a curve, keeping the wheel flanges from touching the rails, minimizing friction, wear and
221:
1577:
1529:
Off camber turn: An off camber turn is the opposite of a banked turn. It is lower on the outside of a turn than on the inside.
1969:
212:. The length of the transition depends on the maximum allowable speed; the higher the speed, the greater length is required.
1443:
2472:
1941:— includes camber in evaluating engineering of roads, one of six numerical factors modeled to determine desirability for
1799:
215:
For the United States, with a standard maximum unbalanced superelevation of 75 mm (3 in), the formula is this:
1934:
1901:
1552:
79:, thus allowing vehicles to travel round the curve at greater speeds than would be possible if the surface were level.
1884:
1779:
1617:
1522:
1232:
17:
2442:
1768:
Miller, Robert H. (2010) . "PA125 – A Reptilian Tour on PA's Best Road". In
Backroad Bob; Robert H. Miller (eds.).
861:
1322:
2465:
1411:
2002/732/EC. *, Commission
Decision of May 30, 2002 concerning the Technical Specification for Interoperability
204:
At the ends of a curve, the amount of cant cannot change from zero to its maximum immediately. It must change (
2793:
2757:
2050:
911:
1730:
1704:
1979:
811:{\displaystyle v_{max}\approx {\sqrt {\frac {(E_{a}+E_{u})rg}{w}}}={\sqrt {\frac {(E_{a}+E_{u})g}{dw}}}}
2691:
1823:
2165:
1962:
1345:
1255:
1444:"North South – strategy for growth Craven AU$ 421.6 million Investment for Sydney Brisbane Corridor"
1264:
Steeper cants or cambers are common on residential streets, allowing water to drain into the gutter.
2399:
1328:
On the street, they are a feature of some of the world's most celebrated paved roads, such as The
2788:
2520:
2437:
2150:
1991:
1349:
2711:
2309:
2133:
2065:
1341:
209:
2289:
2269:
2035:
1874:
1840:"Riding Off-Camber Corners Over A Rise With Andrew Short – Pro Secrets – Dirt Rider Magazine"
1747:
1542:
1366:
1359:, off-camber sections are very common as the courses snake around ridges, adding difficulty.
1193:
652:
339:
31:
1769:
1260:
588:{\displaystyle v^{2}={\frac {E_{a}rg}{\sqrt {w^{2}-E_{a}^{2}}}}\approx {\frac {E_{a}rg}{w}}}
2525:
2515:
2505:
2239:
1955:
1142:
1115:
824:
625:
398:
292:
1800:"The 10 Best Fourth of July Road Trips: Great Places and the Great Roads To Get You There"
1422:
150:
A Series 257 train on an S-curve in June 2018 showing the effect of railway superelevation
8:
2696:
2601:
2568:
2314:
2086:
1337:
1187:
1857:
855:
the curvature of the track, which is also the turn in radians per unit length of track.
2626:
2422:
2359:
2345:
2299:
2229:
1942:
1325:
combine off-camber corners with elevation and link corners for extra driver challenge.
1169:
601:
465:
445:
425:
319:
182:. Many high-speed lines do not permit slower freight trains, particularly with heavier
2724:
2427:
2172:
1930:
1880:
1775:
1548:
1518:
1363:
1289:, to help vehicles around the curve. The amount of superelevation increases with its
1269:
372:
The maximum value of cant (the height of the outer rail above the inner rail) for a
2762:
2729:
2686:
2676:
2649:
2384:
2354:
2349:
2020:
1488:
387:, because it would be too uncomfortable for passengers in conventional train cars.
858:
In the United States, maximum speed is subject to specific rules. When filling in
154:
The necessary cant in a curve depends on the expected speed of the trains and the
2767:
2752:
2719:
2659:
2621:
2611:
2596:
2586:
2578:
2432:
2304:
2259:
2199:
2101:
2025:
2015:
1670:
1592:
1512:
1301:
380:
159:
94:
2739:
2701:
2669:
2631:
2591:
2488:
2294:
2279:
2204:
2177:
2106:
1657:
Off camber corners: These corners are the hardest corners you will encounter...
373:
56:
1454:
1243:
The rails themselves are now usually canted inwards by about 5 to 10 percent.
170:
2782:
2664:
2641:
2558:
2535:
2497:
2394:
2389:
2379:
2340:
2284:
2192:
2187:
2155:
2138:
2005:
1987:
1483:
1393:
384:
198:
175:
115:
88:
1924:
1771:
Motorcycle Road Trips (Vol. 14) Roads & Road Houses – Tour de
Gastronomy
2681:
2654:
2553:
2543:
2510:
2324:
2274:
2254:
2214:
2116:
2096:
2081:
2060:
2055:
2045:
1388:
1383:
1290:
194:
99:
60:
1423:"Comparison of upgrades needs to recognize the difference in curve speeds"
1246:
In 1925 about 15 of 36 major
American railways had adopted this practice.
2747:
2606:
2249:
2209:
2121:
1906:
1902:"Riding skills series: Camber and Elevation—Using Both to Your Advantage"
1804:
1378:
1314:
1273:
187:
123:
76:
68:
2457:
110:
2616:
2406:
2372:
2367:
2319:
2244:
2219:
2160:
2126:
2010:
1356:
179:
1947:
2563:
2548:
2145:
2111:
2091:
2040:
2030:
1717:
the two worst corners "Guardrail cliff", a sharp off-camber left ...
1622:
1329:
183:
45:
37:
205:
27:
Rate of change in elevation between the two rails or edges of a road
2182:
2000:
1872:
1570:"The fastest corners at Mosport are off-camber, downhill and blind"
146:
1285:
On more severe bends, the outside edge of the curve is raised, or
1333:
1601:
Tight turns and some off-camber curves make this road a delight.
2264:
166:
155:
186:. In some cases, the impact is reduced by the use of flange
1362:
Camber in virtual race circuits is carefully controlled by
1278:
336:
is the curvature of the track in degrees per 100 feet, and
279:{\displaystyle v_{max}={\sqrt {\frac {E_{a}+3}{0.00066d}}}}
201:
to accommodate the increased forces exerted in the curve.
1369:
to achieve the designer's desired level of difficulty.
1196:
1172:
1145:
1118:
952:
914:
864:
827:
691:
655:
628:
604:
491:
468:
448:
428:
401:
342:
322:
295:
224:
1797:
1215:
1178:
1158:
1131:
1101:
935:
900:
847:
810:
674:
641:
610:
587:
474:
454:
434:
414:
361:
328:
308:
278:
133:Improve distribution of the load across both rails
1728:
1644:, Mazda North American Operations, archived from
1618:"A Rational Approach To Racing Game Track Design"
2780:
1873:Steve Geall; Robin Kitchin; Greg Minaar (2001).
1748:"Riding Roller-Coaster Roads on History's Trail"
1922:
165:Generally the aim is for trains to run without
1899:
1850:
1668:
129:The main functions of cant are the following:
2473:
1963:
1745:
1694:
1615:
1567:
197:) at a closer spacing and a greater depth of
1929:. Vancouver, B.C.: Twisted Edge Publishing.
1348:in California, and Betws-y-Coed Triangle at
901:{\displaystyle g=32.17\,\mathrm {ft/s^{2}} }
118:in an area prone to movement due to wet beds
1635:
2480:
2466:
1970:
1956:
1923:Bosworth, Brian; Sanders, Michael (2003).
1832:
1662:
1638:"Kenton Koch on Driving Technical Corners"
1611:
1609:
1500:– via National Library of Australia.
1305:Off-camber bend to the left (UK road sign)
2487:
1590:
924:
874:
193:Ideally, the track should have sleepers (
1739:
1510:
1300:
1259:
390:
145:
109:
98:
36:
1977:
1893:
1791:
1697:"Deals Gap Revealed—Tail of the Dragon"
1606:
1561:
1540:
1504:
139:Neutralize the effect of lateral forces
14:
2781:
1798:John Pearley Huffman (June 28, 2013),
1767:
1761:
1732:Top motorcycling roads: the Deep South
1688:
1584:
1534:
2461:
1951:
1876:The Ultimate Guide to Mountain Biking
1866:
1669:Van Valkenberg, Paul (October 1983),
936:{\displaystyle w=56.5\,\mathrm {in} }
1695:Darryl Cannon (September 25, 2012),
1629:
442:of a train, the radius of curvature
1616:Luke McMillan (September 6, 2011),
1313:is described as the opposite of a
169:contact, which also depends on the
24:
1916:
1900:Andrew Trevitt (October 3, 2011),
1825:The World's Best Motorcycle Routes
1671:"What's It Really Like Out There?"
1642:Mazdaspeed Motorsports Development
1420:
929:
926:
888:
879:
876:
25:
2805:
1599:, Screaming Eagle Web Solutions,
1453:(11). August 2005. Archived from
1233:Australian Rail Track Corporation
379:Track unbalanced superelevation (
316:is the superelevation in inches,
1926:Destination Highways: Washington
1816:
1722:
1568:Mike Spinelli (July 26, 2013),
1323:Riverside International Raceway
1272:, cant is often referred to as
136:Reduce wear on rails and wheels
63:of a road (also referred to as
1593:"State Route 112 – Washington"
1476:
1436:
1414:
1405:
1021:
995:
790:
764:
741:
715:
114:Track lubrication device on a
13:
1:
1492:. February 7, 1925. p. 9
1399:
1296:
1879:. Globe Pequot. p. 57.
1238:
1190:in degrees per 100 feet and
682:. In a formula this becomes
395:Ideally, the amount of cant
7:
1774:. Vol. 14. p. 4.
1746:Greg Harrison (July 2001),
1372:
1226:
482:of the track, the relation
103:The cant in a curve of the
10:
2810:
2692:Cross-platform interchange
2178:Transfer table (traverser)
1729:Scot J. Marburger (2011),
1547:. Motorbooks. p. 78.
1332:through Deals Gap and the
1293:and with curve sharpness.
1253:
369:the maximum speed in MPH.
92:
86:
29:
2738:
2710:
2640:
2622:Switch / turnout / points
2612:Grand circle / roundabout
2577:
2534:
2496:
2415:
2333:
2228:
2166:ground-level power supply
2074:
1986:
1256:Geometric design of roads
142:Improve passenger comfort
105:Nuremberg–Ingolstadt line
1249:
598:must be fulfilled, with
2151:Railway electrification
1350:Snowdonia National Park
1334:"Diamondback" (NC 226A)
1216:{\displaystyle v_{max}}
675:{\displaystyle v_{max}}
362:{\displaystyle v_{max}}
82:
1735:, Gunsmoke Engineering
1541:Bentley, Ross (1998).
1517:, Bowmar, p. 46,
1421:Zierke, Hans-Joachim.
1306:
1265:
1217:
1180:
1160:
1133:
1103:
937:
902:
849:
812:
676:
643:
612:
589:
476:
456:
436:
416:
363:
330:
310:
280:
210:track transition curve
151:
119:
107:
48:
2290:Platform screen doors
1752:American Motorcyclist
1511:Radlauer, Ed (1973),
1484:""KNOCK-KNEED" RAILS"
1460:on September 29, 2009
1304:
1263:
1218:
1181:
1161:
1159:{\displaystyle E_{u}}
1134:
1132:{\displaystyle E_{a}}
1104:
938:
903:
850:
848:{\displaystyle d=1/r}
813:
677:
644:
642:{\displaystyle E_{u}}
613:
590:
477:
457:
437:
417:
415:{\displaystyle E_{a}}
391:Physics of track cant
364:
331:
311:
309:{\displaystyle E_{a}}
281:
149:
113:
102:
87:Further information:
40:
32:Cant (disambiguation)
2758:Minimum curve radius
2725:Zig Zag / Switchback
2240:Anti-trespass panels
1707:on February 24, 2020
1636:Kenton Koch (2013),
1194:
1170:
1143:
1116:
950:
912:
862:
825:
689:
653:
626:
602:
489:
466:
446:
426:
399:
340:
320:
293:
222:
30:For other uses, see
2794:Road infrastructure
2697:Interchange station
2602:Facing and trailing
2569:Classification yard
2087:Classification yard
1859:Advanced Off Camber
1580:on October 12, 2015
1336:in North Carolina,
1188:degree of curvature
553:
2627:Swingnose crossing
2346:Motive power depot
2300:Signalling control
1943:motorcycle touring
1597:Motorcycleroads.us
1307:
1266:
1231:In Australia, the
1213:
1176:
1156:
1129:
1099:
933:
898:
845:
808:
672:
639:
608:
585:
539:
472:
452:
432:
422:, given the speed
412:
359:
326:
306:
276:
152:
120:
108:
49:
2776:
2775:
2455:
2454:
2173:Railway turntable
1994:
1344:in Pennsylvania,
1330:"Dragon" (US 129)
1311:off-camber corner
1270:civil engineering
1179:{\displaystyle d}
1097:
1096:
1055:
1054:
1051:
980:
806:
805:
755:
754:
611:{\displaystyle g}
583:
555:
554:
475:{\displaystyle w}
455:{\displaystyle r}
435:{\displaystyle v}
329:{\displaystyle d}
274:
273:
208:) gradually in a
160:high-speed trains
18:Off-camber corner
16:(Redirected from
2801:
2687:Spanish solution
2677:Terminal station
2650:Railway platform
2482:
2475:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2350:Railway workshop
2066:Transition curve
2036:Fastening system
1990:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1911:
1910:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1862:, MTB Techniques
1854:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1703:, archived from
1701:Super Streetbike
1692:
1686:
1685:
1675:Road & Track
1666:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1576:, archived from
1565:
1559:
1558:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1489:The Queenslander
1480:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1321:courses such as
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1036:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1007:
1006:
984:
983:
981:
973:
968:
967:
942:
940:
939:
934:
932:
907:
905:
904:
899:
897:
896:
895:
886:
854:
852:
851:
846:
841:
817:
815:
814:
809:
807:
804:
796:
789:
788:
776:
775:
762:
761:
756:
750:
740:
739:
727:
726:
713:
712:
707:
706:
681:
679:
678:
673:
671:
670:
648:
646:
645:
640:
638:
637:
617:
615:
614:
609:
594:
592:
591:
586:
584:
579:
572:
571:
561:
556:
552:
547:
535:
534:
525:
524:
517:
516:
506:
501:
500:
481:
479:
478:
473:
461:
459:
458:
453:
441:
439:
438:
433:
421:
419:
418:
413:
411:
410:
368:
366:
365:
360:
358:
357:
335:
333:
332:
327:
315:
313:
312:
307:
305:
304:
285:
283:
282:
277:
275:
272:
264:
257:
256:
246:
245:
240:
239:
178:and may lead to
21:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2768:Cant deficiency
2753:Ruling gradient
2734:
2720:Horseshoe curve
2706:
2636:
2597:Double junction
2587:Flying junction
2573:
2530:
2521:Quadruple track
2492:
2486:
2456:
2451:
2411:
2329:
2305:Structure gauge
2260:Defect detector
2232:
2224:
2070:
2026:Clip and scotch
2016:Breather switch
1982:
1976:
1937:
1919:
1917:Further reading
1914:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1871:
1867:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1846:, July 21, 2009
1838:
1837:
1833:
1828:, MCE Insurance
1822:
1821:
1817:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1744:
1740:
1727:
1723:
1710:
1708:
1693:
1689:
1667:
1663:
1651:
1649:
1634:
1630:
1614:
1607:
1591:Frank Strouse,
1589:
1585:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1514:Motorcyclopedia
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1375:
1367:race simulators
1299:
1258:
1252:
1241:
1229:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1040:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1011:
1002:
998:
985:
982:
972:
957:
953:
951:
948:
947:
925:
913:
910:
909:
891:
887:
882:
875:
863:
860:
859:
837:
826:
823:
822:
797:
784:
780:
771:
767:
763:
760:
735:
731:
722:
718:
714:
711:
696:
692:
690:
687:
686:
660:
656:
654:
651:
650:
633:
629:
627:
624:
623:
621:unbalanced cant
603:
600:
599:
567:
563:
562:
560:
548:
543:
530:
526:
512:
508:
507:
505:
496:
492:
490:
487:
486:
467:
464:
463:
447:
444:
443:
427:
424:
423:
406:
402:
400:
397:
396:
393:
381:cant deficiency
347:
343:
341:
338:
337:
321:
318:
317:
300:
296:
294:
291:
290:
265:
252:
248:
247:
244:
229:
225:
223:
220:
219:
97:
95:Cant deficiency
91:
85:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2807:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2789:Track geometry
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2740:Track geometry
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2702:Infill station
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2632:Level crossing
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2592:Level junction
2589:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:Railway signal
2292:
2287:
2282:
2280:Level crossing
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2205:Track geometry
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2156:overhead lines
2148:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2107:Gauntlet track
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:Minimum radius
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1984:
1983:
1980:infrastructure
1975:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1936:978-0968432815
1935:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1892:
1885:
1865:
1849:
1831:
1815:
1811:entertainment.
1790:
1780:
1760:
1738:
1721:
1687:
1661:
1628:
1605:
1583:
1560:
1554:978-0760305188
1553:
1533:
1523:
1503:
1475:
1435:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1298:
1295:
1251:
1248:
1240:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1175:
1153:
1149:
1126:
1122:
1110:
1109:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
988:
979:
976:
971:
966:
963:
960:
956:
931:
928:
923:
920:
917:
894:
890:
885:
881:
878:
873:
870:
867:
844:
840:
836:
833:
830:
819:
818:
803:
800:
795:
792:
787:
783:
779:
774:
770:
766:
759:
753:
749:
746:
743:
738:
734:
730:
725:
721:
717:
710:
705:
702:
699:
695:
669:
666:
663:
659:
636:
632:
607:
596:
595:
582:
578:
575:
570:
566:
559:
551:
546:
542:
538:
533:
529:
523:
520:
515:
511:
504:
499:
495:
471:
462:and the gauge
451:
431:
409:
405:
392:
389:
385:tilting trains
374:standard gauge
356:
353:
350:
346:
325:
303:
299:
287:
286:
271:
268:
263:
260:
255:
251:
243:
238:
235:
232:
228:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
84:
81:
65:superelevation
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2806:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Refuge siding
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2498:Railway track
2495:
2491:track layouts
2490:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Coaling tower
2339:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:Signal bridge
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Loading gauge
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2193:refuge siding
2191:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2139:tramway track
2137:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1886:9781585743032
1882:
1878:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1783:
1781:9781452460512
1777:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1718:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1648:on 2016-03-04
1647:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1544:Speed Secrets
1537:
1530:
1526:
1524:9780837208855
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1424:
1417:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1394:Tilting train
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1287:superelevated
1283:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1224:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1173:
1151:
1147:
1124:
1120:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
992:
989:
986:
977:
974:
969:
964:
961:
958:
954:
946:
945:
944:
921:
918:
915:
892:
883:
871:
868:
865:
856:
842:
838:
834:
831:
828:
801:
798:
793:
785:
781:
777:
772:
768:
757:
751:
747:
744:
736:
732:
728:
723:
719:
708:
703:
700:
697:
693:
685:
684:
683:
667:
664:
661:
657:
634:
630:
622:
605:
580:
576:
573:
568:
564:
557:
549:
544:
540:
536:
531:
527:
521:
518:
513:
509:
502:
497:
493:
485:
484:
483:
469:
449:
429:
407:
403:
388:
386:
382:
377:
375:
370:
354:
351:
348:
344:
323:
301:
297:
269:
266:
261:
258:
253:
249:
241:
236:
233:
230:
226:
218:
217:
216:
213:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
195:railroad ties
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:wear and tear
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
148:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
125:
117:
116:reverse curve
112:
106:
101:
96:
90:
89:Railway track
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
2712:Hillclimbing
2682:Balloon loop
2554:Pocket track
2544:Balloon loop
2536:Rail sidings
2516:Double track
2511:Passing loop
2506:Single track
2325:Wayside horn
2275:Interlocking
2255:Catch points
2215:Water trough
2117:Passing loop
2097:Pocket track
2082:Balloon loop
2046:Ladder track
1925:
1905:
1895:
1875:
1868:
1858:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1824:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1793:
1785:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1711:November 26,
1709:, retrieved
1705:the original
1700:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1656:
1650:, retrieved
1646:the original
1641:
1631:
1621:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1578:the original
1573:
1563:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1513:
1506:
1496:November 20,
1494:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1469:
1464:November 22,
1462:. Retrieved
1455:the original
1450:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1416:
1407:
1389:Profilograph
1384:Camber angle
1361:
1354:
1327:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1291:design speed
1286:
1284:
1267:
1245:
1242:
1230:
1111:
857:
820:
620:
597:
394:
378:
371:
288:
214:
203:
192:
171:tire profile
164:
153:
128:
121:
72:
64:
52:
50:
41:
2748:Track gauge
2607:Grand union
2250:Buffer stop
2210:Water crane
2122:Track gauge
2061:Tie/Sleeper
1907:Sport Rider
1805:Edmunds.com
1379:Banked turn
1315:banked turn
1274:cross slope
1166:in inches,
188:lubrication
124:rail squeal
77:banked turn
69:cross slope
2783:Categories
2423:Industrial
2407:Water stop
2368:for trains
2360:Roundhouse
2334:Structures
2320:Train stop
2270:Guard rail
2245:Block post
2233:and safety
2230:Signalling
2161:third rail
2134:Rail track
2127:dual gauge
2011:Baulk road
1844:Dirt Rider
1652:2014-11-27
1400:References
1364:video game
1357:cyclocross
1352:in Wales.
1297:Off-camber
1254:See also:
184:axle loads
180:derailment
93:See also:
73:cross fall
2579:Junctions
2564:Rail yard
2549:Headshunt
2526:Crossover
2373:for goods
2315:Tell-tale
2146:Rail yard
2112:Guide bar
2092:Headshunt
2075:Trackwork
2041:Fishplate
2031:Date nail
1992:(history)
1754:: 31–32,
1681:: 67–69,
1623:Gamasutra
1428:April 10,
1342:Route 125
1340:in Ohio,
1279:rainwater
1239:Rail cant
1058:≈
1045:⋅
1038:π
1030:⋅
990:⋅
970:≈
709:≈
558:≈
537:−
59:track or
46:velodrome
2642:Stations
2428:Military
2385:building
2355:Platform
2265:Derailer
2183:Roll way
2102:Junction
2001:Axe ties
1373:See also
1346:Route 33
1338:Route 78
1227:Examples
1223:in MPH.
2489:Railway
2438:station
2433:Private
2380:Station
2056:Profile
2006:Ballast
1090:0.00066
267:0.00066
199:ballast
57:railway
2730:Spiral
2660:Island
2200:Switch
2188:Siding
1988:Tracks
1933:
1883:
1778:
1574:/Drive
1551:
1521:
1471:times.
289:where
167:flange
156:radius
61:camber
2670:Split
2416:Types
2395:ghost
2390:clock
2364:Shed
1978:Rail
1458:(PDF)
1451:Links
1447:(PDF)
1250:Roads
1112:with
987:32.17
978:63360
872:32.17
821:with
55:of a
44:in a
2763:Cant
2665:Side
2443:list
2400:list
2021:Cant
1931:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1713:2014
1549:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1498:2011
1466:2012
1430:2008
1186:the
1139:and
1042:1200
1027:56.5
975:3600
922:56.5
206:ramp
83:Rail
53:cant
51:The
42:Cant
2655:Bay
2617:Wye
2220:Wye
1309:An
1268:In
1048:180
71:or
2785::
1904:,
1842:,
1808:,
1802:,
1784:.
1750:,
1715:,
1699:,
1679:35
1677:,
1673:,
1655:,
1640:,
1620:,
1608:^
1595:,
1572:,
1527:,
1486:.
1468:.
1449:.
993:12
908:,
190:.
162:.
126:.
67:,
2481:e
2474:t
2467:v
2348:/
1971:e
1964:t
1957:v
1939:.
1889:.
1557:.
1432:.
1209:x
1206:a
1203:m
1199:v
1174:d
1152:u
1148:E
1125:a
1121:E
1093:d
1083:u
1079:E
1075:+
1070:a
1066:E
1033:d
1022:)
1017:u
1013:E
1009:+
1004:a
1000:E
996:(
965:x
962:a
959:m
955:v
930:n
927:i
919:=
916:w
893:2
889:s
884:/
880:t
877:f
869:=
866:g
843:r
839:/
835:1
832:=
829:d
802:w
799:d
794:g
791:)
786:u
782:E
778:+
773:a
769:E
765:(
758:=
752:w
748:g
745:r
742:)
737:u
733:E
729:+
724:a
720:E
716:(
704:x
701:a
698:m
694:v
668:x
665:a
662:m
658:v
635:u
631:E
606:g
581:w
577:g
574:r
569:a
565:E
550:2
545:a
541:E
532:2
528:w
522:g
519:r
514:a
510:E
503:=
498:2
494:v
470:w
450:r
430:v
408:a
404:E
355:x
352:a
349:m
345:v
324:d
302:a
298:E
270:d
262:3
259:+
254:a
250:E
242:=
237:x
234:a
231:m
227:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
