2597:, Evan A. Leach, and Leigh S. Shaffer gained 60 responses from Heathens in the U.S. Of these respondents, 65% were male and 35% female, which Berger, Leach, and Shaffer noted was the "opposite" of the female majority trend within the rest of the country's Pagan community. The majority had a college education, but were generally less well educated than the wider Pagan community, and also had a lower median income. From her experience within the community, Snook concurred that the majority of American Heathens were male, adding that most were white and middle-aged, but believed that there had been a growth in the proportion of female Heathens in the U.S. since the mid-1990s. Subsequent assessments have suggested a larger support base; 10,000 to 20,000 according to McNallen in 2006, and 7,878 according to the 2014 census. In 2018, the scholar of religion Jefferson F. Calico suggested that it was likely there were between 8000 and 20,000 Heathens in the U.S.
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his experience researching Danish
Heathens, Amster stated that while it was possible to obtain membership figures of Heathen organisations, it was "impossible to estimate" the number of unaffiliated solo practitioners. Conversely, in 2015, Gregorius estimated that there were at most a thousand Heathens in Swedenâboth affiliated and unaffiliatedâhowever observed that practitioners often perceived their numbers as being several times higher than this. Although noting that there were no clear figures available for the gender balance within the community, he cited practitioners who say that there are more men active within Swedish Heathen organisations. Schnurbein observed that most Heathens in Scandinavia were middle-class professionals aged between thirty and sixty.
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In referring to
Heathens in the U.S., Snook, Thad Horrell, and Kristen Horton noted that practitioners "almost always formulate oppositional identities" to Christianity. Through her research, Schnurbein found that during the 1980s many Heathens in Europe had been motivated to join the religion in part by their own anti-Christian ethos, but that this attitude had become less prominent among the Heathen community as the significance of the Christian churches had declined in Western nations after that point. Conversely, in 2018 Calico noted that a "deep antipathy" to Christianity was still "quite close to the surface for many American Heathens", with anti-Christian sentiment often being expressed through humor in that community. Many Heathens are also involved in
1415:, seasonal observances, oath takings, rites devoted to a specific deity, and for rites of need. These rites also serve as identity practices which mark the adherents out as Heathens. Strmiska noted that in Iceland, Heathen rituals had been deliberately constructed in an attempt to recreate or pay tribute to the ritual practices of pre-Christian Icelanders, although there was also space in which these rituals could reflect innovation, changing in order to suit the tastes and needs of contemporary practitioners. In addition to meeting for ritual practices, many Heathen kindreds also organize study sessions to meet and discuss Medieval texts pertaining to pre-Christian religion; among U.S. Heathens, it is common to refer to theirs as a "religion with homework".
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1301:. These are small groups, often family units, and usually consist of between five and fifteen members. They are often bound together by oaths of loyalty, with strict screening procedures regulating the admittance of new members. Prospective members may undergo a probationary period before they are fully accepted and welcomed into the group, while other groups remain closed to all new members. Heathen groups are largely independent and autonomous, although they typically network with other Heathen groups, particularly in their region. There are other followers of the religion who are not affiliated with such groups, operating as solitary practitioners, with these individuals often remaining in contact with other practitioners through
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revelation through dreams, which they interpret as having been provided by the gods. As with other religions, a sensation of "coming home" has also been reported by many
Heathens who have converted to the movement, however Calico thought such a narrative was "not characteristic" of most U.S. Heathens. Pizza suggested that, on the basis of her research among the Heathen community in the American Midwest, that many Euro-American practitioners were motivated to join the movement both out of a desire to "find roots" within historical European cultures and to meet "a genuine need for spiritual connections and community".
1337:. These individuals are rarely seen as intermediaries between practitioners and deities, instead having the role of facilitating and leading group ceremonies and being learned in the lore and traditions of the religion. Many kindreds believe that anyone can take on the position of priest, with members sharing organisational duties and taking turns in leading the rites. In other groups, it is considered necessary for the individual to gain formal credentials from an accredited Heathen organisation in order to be recognised as a priest. In a few groupsâparticularly those of the early 20th century which operated as
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balance between the two in northern and western Europe than in other regions. He also found that the
Heathen community contained a greater percentage of transgender individuals, at 2%, than is estimated to be present in the wider population. Similarly, Cragle's research found a greater proportion of LGBT practitioners within Heathenry (21%) than wider society, although noted that the percentage was lower than in other forms of modern Paganism. Cragle also found that in every region except Latin America, the majority of Heathens were middle-aged, and that most were of European descent.
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2337:, Australia, and Iceland, largely independently from each other. This has been partly attributed to the wider growth of the modern Pagan movement during the 1960s and 1970s, as well as the development of the New Age milieu, both of which encouraged the establishment of new religious movements intent on reviving pre-Christian belief systems. Further Heathen groups then emerged in the 1990s and 2000s, many of which distanced themselves from overtly political agendas and placed a stronger emphasis on historical authenticity than their 1960s and 1970s forebears.
1530:: the throat of the sacrificial animal is slashed with a sharp knife, and the blood is collected in a bowl before being sprinkled onto both participants of the rite and statues of the gods. Animals used for this purpose have included poultry as well as larger mammals like sheep and pigs, with the meat then being consumed by those attending the rite. Some practitioners have made alterations to this procedure: Strmiska noted two American Heathens who decided to use a rifle shot to the head to kill the animal swiftly, a decision made after they witnessed a
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331:. Heathenry has been defined as "a broad contemporary Pagan new religious movement (NRM) that is consciously inspired by the linguistically, culturally, and (in some definitions) ethnically 'Germanic' societies of Iron Age and early medieval Europe as they existed prior to Christianization", and as a "movement to revive and/or reinterpret for the present day the practices and worldviews of the pre-Christian cultures of northern Europe (or, more particularly, the Germanic speaking cultures)".
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1072:; few view it as a literal prophecy of future events. Instead, it is often treated as a symbolic warning of the danger that humanity faces if it acts unwisely in relation to both itself and the natural world. The death of the gods at Ragnarök is often viewed as a reminder of the inevitability of death and the importance of living honorably and with integrity until one dies. Alternately, ethno-nationalist Heathens have interpreted Ragnarök as a prophecy of a
1140:. Evoking a life-affirming ethos, Heathen ethics focus on the ideals of honor, courage, integrity, hospitality, and hard work, and strongly emphasize loyalty to family. It is common for practitioners to be expected to keep their word, particularly sworn oaths. There is thus a strong individualist ethos focused around personal responsibility, and a common motto within the Heathen community is that "We are our deeds". Most Heathens reject the concept of
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1862:, a tradition that they share with Wiccans and several other contemporary Pagan groups. Others celebrate only six of these festivals, as represented by a six-spoked Wheel of the Year. The use of such festivals is criticized by other practitioners, who highlight that this system is of mid-20th century origin and does not link with the original religious celebrations of the pre-Christian Germanic world.
459:". As the religious studies scholar Fredrik Gregorius states, despite the fact that "no real continuity" exists between Heathenry and the pre-Christian belief systems of Germanic Europe, Heathen practitioners often dislike being considered adherents of a "new religion" or "modern invention" and thus prefer to depict theirs as a "traditional faith". Many practitioners avoid using the scholarly,
448:. Some adherents are deeply knowledgeable as to the specifics of northern European society in the Iron Age and Early Medieval periods; however for most practitioners their main source of information about the pre-Christian past is fictional literature and popular accounts of Norse mythology. Many express a romanticized view of this past, sometimes perpetuating misconceptions about it; the
1165:. This was first developed by the founders of the UK-based Odinic Rite in the 1970s, although it has spread internationally, with 77% of respondents to a 2015 survey of Heathens reporting its use in some form. There are different forms of the NNV, with the number nine having symbolic associations in Norse mythology. Opinion is divided on the NNV; some practitioners deem them too
1047:, which refers to the actions and interrelationships of all beings throughout the cosmos. In the community, these three figures are sometimes termed "Past, Present and Future", "Being, Becoming, and Obligation" or "Initiation, Becoming, Unfolding". It is believed that an individual can navigate through the wyrd, and thus, the Heathen worldview oscillates between concepts of
1478:, which is contained within a bowl. The gods are invoked and requests expressed for their aid, as the priest uses a sprig or branch of an evergreen tree to sprinkle mead onto both statues of the deities and the assembled participants. This procedure might be scripted or largely improvised. Finally, the bowl of mead is poured onto a fire, or onto the earth, as a final
1426:, or Thor's hammer, which is worn as a pendant, featured in Heathen art, and used as a gesture in ritual. It is sometimes used to express a particular affinity with the god Thor, however is also often used as a symbol of Heathenism as a whole, in particular representing the resilience and vitality of the religion. Another commonly used Heathen symbol is the
479:. A 2015 survey of the Heathen community found equal numbers of practitioners (36%) regarding their religion as a reconstruction as those who regarded it as a direct continuation of ancient belief systems; only 22% acknowledged it to be modern but historically inspired, although this was the dominant interpretation among practitioners in Nordic countries.
2305:. Politically racialist, Mills viewed Odinism as a religion for what he considered to be the "British race", and he deemed it to be in a cosmic battle with the Judeo-Christian religion. Having formulated "his own unique blend" of Ariosophy, Mills was heavily influenced by von List's writings. Some of Heathenry's roots have also been traced back to the
1880:"Far from being a monolithic entity, in the United States is extremely diverse, with many distinct ideological variations and organizations with profoundly different opinions concerning what AsatrĂș/Odinism is all about. The key divisive issues are centered on race and for whom the Nordic path is intended."
1855:. Additional festivals are also marked by Heathen practice throughout the year. These often include days which commemorate individuals who fought against the Christianization of northern Europe, or who led armies and settlers into new lands. Some Heathen groups hold festivals dedicated to a specific deity.
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Adherents of
Heathenry can be found in Europe, North America, and Australasia, with more recent communities also establishing in Latin America. They are mostly found in those areas with a Germanic cultural inheritance, although they are present in several other regions. In 2007, the religious studies
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greatly aided the propagation of
Heathenry in various parts of the world. That decade also saw the strong growth of racist Heathenry among those incarcerated within the U.S. prison system as a result of outreach programs established by various Heathen groups, a project begun in the 1980s. During this
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In Sweden, the first
Heathen groups developed in the 1970s; early examples included the Breidablikk-Gildet (Guild of Breidablikk) founded in 1975 and the Telge Fylking founded in 1987, the latter of which diverged from the former by emphasising a non-racialist interpretation of the religion. In 1994,
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members of the U.S.-based Troth, while many of its white members have spouses from different racial groups. While sometimes retaining the idea of
Heathenry as an indigenous religion, proponents of this view have sometimes argued that Heathenry is indigenous to the land of northern Europe, rather than
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that should be followed by members of no other racial group, and the "ethnic" faction which seeks a middle-path by acknowledging the religion's roots in northern Europe and its connection with those of northern
European heritage. The religious studies scholar Stefanie von Schnurbein adopted Gardell's
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By 2003, the
Icelandic Heathen organisation ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ° had 777 members, by 2015, it reported 2,400 members, and by January 2017 it numbered 3,583 members, constituting just over 1% of the Icelandic population. In Iceland, Heathenry has an impact larger than the number of its adherents. Based on
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The United States likely contains the largest Heathen community in the world. While deeming it impossible to calculate the exact size of the Heathen community in the U.S., in the mid-1990s the sociologist Jeffrey Kaplan estimated that there were around 500 active practitioners in the country, with a
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Cragle's 2015 survey indicated that 45% of Heathens had been raised as Christians, although 21% had previously had no religious affiliation or been atheists or agnostics. Practitioners typically live within Christian majority societies, however often state that Christianity has little to offer them.
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In Germany, various groups were established that explicitly rejected their religion's völkisch and right-wing past, most notably Rabenclan (Raven's Clan) in 1994 and Nornirs Ătt (Kin of the Norns) in 2005. Several foreign Heathen organisations also established a presence in the German Heathen scene;
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had been re-established. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, there was a social stigma surrounding völkisch ideas and groups, along with a common perception that the mythologies of the pre-Christian Germanic societies had been tainted through their usage by the Nazi administration, an attitude that to
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focused increasing attention on the pre-Christian belief systems of Germanic Europe, with various Romanticist intellectuals expressing the opinion that these ancient religions were "more natural, organic and positive" than Christianity. Such an attitude was promoted by the scholarship of Romanticist
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is simpler and less ritualized; in this case, it can involve a practitioner setting some food aside, sometimes without words, for either gods or wights. Some Heathens perform such rituals on a daily basis, although for others it is a more occasional performance. Aside from honoring deities, communal
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The sociologist Jennifer Snook noted that as with all religions, Heathenry is "intimately connected" to politics, with practitioners' political and religious beliefs influencing one another. As a result of the religion's emphasis on honoring the land and its wights, many Heathens take an interest in
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on another, and the divinities on two further realms. Most practitioners believe that this is a poetic or symbolic description of the cosmos, with the different levels representing higher realms beyond the material plane of existence. The world tree is also interpreted by some in the community as an
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and live within the home, where they can be propitiated with offerings of food. Some Heathens interact with these entities and provide offerings to them more often than they do with the gods and goddesses. Wights are often identified with various creatures from northwestern European folklore such as
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No central religious authority exists to impose a particular terminological designation on all practitioners. Hence, different Heathen groups have used different words to describe both their religion and themselves, with these terms often conveying meaning about their socio-political beliefs as well
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Many Heathens cite a childhood interest in German folk tales or Norse myths as having led them to take an interest in Heathenry; others have instead attributed their introduction to depictions of Norse religion in popular culture. Others involved themselves in the religion after experiencing direct
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Heathen festivals can be held on the same day each year, however are often celebrated by Heathen communities on the nearest available weekend, so that those practitioners who work during the week can attend. During these ceremonies, Heathens often recite poetry to honor the deities, which typically
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from later periods in European history. Among many Heathens, this material is referred to as the "Lore" and studying it is an important part of their religion. Some textual sources nevertheless remain problematic as a means of "reconstructing" pre-Christian belief systems, because they were written
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in Norse mythology. Heathens view their connection with their deities not as being that of a master and servant but rather as an interdependent relationship akin to that of a family. For them, these deities serve as both examples and role models whose behavior is to be imitated. Many practitioners
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stated that it was impossible to develop a precise figure for the number of Heathens across the world. A self-selected census in 2013 found 16,700 members in 98 countries, the bulk of whom lived in the United States. In 2016, Schnurbein stated that there were probably no more than 20,000 Heathens
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developing this into a concept which he termed "metagenetics". McNallen and many others in the "ethnic" faction of Heathenry explicitly deny that they are racist, although Gardell noted that their views would be deemed racist under certain definitions of the word. Gardell considered many "ethnic"
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remain a source of tension within the community. Some right-wing Heathen groups view homosexuality as being incompatible with a family-oriented ethos and thus censure same-sex sexual activity. Other groups legitimize openness toward LGBT practitioners by reference to the gender-bending actions of
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in Southeastern England. Many Germanic Neopagans are also concerned with the preservation of heritage sites, and some practitioners have expressed concern regarding archaeological excavation of prehistoric and Early Medieval burials, believing that it is disrespectful to the individuals interred,
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from continental sources. Some practitioners adopt the belief, taken from Norse mythology, that there are two sets of deities, the Ăsir and the Vanir. Certain practitioners blend the different regions and times together, for instance using a mix of Old English and Old Norse names for the deities,
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were thwarted. The Heathen movement probably never had more than a few thousand followers during its 1920s heyday, however it held the allegiance of many middle-class intellectuals, including journalists, artists, illustrators, scholars, and teachers, and thus exerted a wider influence on German
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performed to thank the deities and gain their favor. Such sacrifices have generally proved impractical for most modern practitioners or altogether rejected, due in part to the fact that skills in animal slaughter are not widely taught, while the slaughter of animals is regulated by government in
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of gods and goddesses, with adherents offering their allegiance and worship to some or all of them. Most practitioners are polytheistic realists, referring to themselves as "hard" or "true polytheists" and believing in the literal existence of the deities as individual entities. Others express a
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There are a small number of Heathens in Poland, where they have established a presence on social media. The majority of these Polish Heathens belong to the non-racist wing of the movement. There are also a few Heathens in the Slovenian Pagan scene, where they are outnumbered by practitioners of
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Contrasting with this binary division, Gardell divides Heathenry in the United States into three groups according to their stances on race: the "anti-racist" group which denounces any association between the religion and racial identity, the "radical racist" faction which sees it as the natural
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The ways in which Heathens use this historical and archaeological material differ; some seek to reconstruct past beliefs and practices as accurately as possible, while others openly experiment with this material and embrace new innovations. Some, for instance, adapt their practices according to
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Schnurbein noted that, while there were some exceptions, most Heathen groups were 60â70% male in their composition. On the basis of his sociological research, Joshua Marcus Cragle agreed that the religion contained a greater proportion of men than women, but observed that there was a more even
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have emphasized the fact that ancient northern Europeans were known to marry and have children with members of other ethnic groups, and that in Norse mythology the Ăsir also did the same with Vanir, Jötun, and humans, thus using such points to critique the racialist view. Universalists welcome
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Some practitioners do not emphasize belief in an afterlife, instead stressing the importance of behaviour and reputation in this world. In Icelandic Heathenry, there is no singular dogmatic belief about the afterlife. A common Heathen belief is that a human being has multiple souls, which are
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believe that they can communicate with these deities, as well as negotiate, bargain, and argue with them, and hope that through venerating them, practitioners will gain wisdom, understanding, power, or visionary insights. In Heathen ritual practices, the deities are typically represented as
1918:" and "nonracialist" campsâoften clash. The universalist and folkish division has also spread to other countries, although has had less impact in the more ethnically homogeneous Iceland. A 2015 survey revealed a greater number of Heathens subscribed to universalist ideas than folkish ones.
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Some Heathens seek out common elements found throughout Germanic Europe during the Iron Age and Early Middle Ages, using those as the basis for their contemporary beliefs and practices. Conversely, others draw inspiration from the beliefs and practices of a specific geographical area and
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ceremony. According to Snook, the sumbel has a strong social role, representing "a game of politicking, of socializing, cementing bonds of peace and friendship and forming new relationships" within the Heathen community. During her ethnographic research, Pizza observed an example of a
2466:, which declared its independence in 2000. The first organised Heathen groups in the Czech Republic emerged in the late 1990s. From 2000 to 2008, a Czech Heathen group that adopted a Pan-Germanic approach to the religion was active under the name of Heathen Hearts from Biohaemum.
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using runes; as part of this, items with runic markings on them might be pulled out of a bag or bundle, and read accordingly. In some cases, different runes are associated with different deities, one of the nine realms, or aspects of life. It is common for Heathens to utilize the
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Exponents of the universalist, anti-racist approach believe that the deities of Germanic Europe can call anyone to their worship, regardless of ethnic background. This group rejects the folkish emphasis on race, believing that even if unintended, it can lead to the adoption of
2001:. This group's discourse contains much talk of "ancestors" and "homelands", concepts that may be very vaguely defined. Ethno-centrist Heathens are heavily critical of their universalist counterparts, often declaring that the latter have been misled by New Age literature and
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Ethical debates within the community also arise when some practitioners believe that the religious practices of certain co-religionists conflict with the religion's "conservative ideas of proper decorum". For instance, while many Heathens eschew worship of the Norse god
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supported his call, resulting in the formation of both the Bund fĂŒr Persönlichkeitskultur (League for the Culture of the Personality) and the Deutscher Orden in 1911 and then the Germanische-Deutsche Religionsgemeinschaft (Germanic-German Religious Community) in 1912.
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being filled with mead and passed among the assembled participants, who either drink from it directly, or pour some into their own drinking vessels to consume. During this process, toasts are made, as are verbal tributes to gods, heroes, and ancestors. Then, oaths and
2547:, focusing on the early medieval societies of Germanic Europe; others are critical of this practice, believing that it blurs the boundary between real life and fantasy. Some adherents also practice Heathenry in tandem with other Pagan religions, such as Wicca or
774:âwho is adopted from Norse mythologyâis central to these groups' theology, which is often not the case. Moreover, the term is also used by at least one non-racialist group, the British Odinshof, who utilise it in reference to their particular dedication to Odin.
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Within the Heathen community of the United States, gender roles are based upon perceived ideals and norms found in Early Medieval northwestern Europe, in particular as they are presented in Old Norse sources. Among male American Heathens there is a trend toward
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draw upon or imitate the Early Medieval poems written in Old Norse or Old English. Mead or ale is also typically drunk, with offerings being given to deities, while fires, torches, or candles are often lit. There are also regional meetings of Heathens known as
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Jenny Blain characterises Heathenry as "a religion constructed from partial material", while the religious studies scholar Michael Strmiska describes its beliefs as being "riddled with uncertainty and historical confusion", thereby characterising it as a
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further thousand individuals on the periphery of the movement. He noted that the overwhelming majority of individuals in the American Heathen community were white, male, and young. Most had at least an undergraduate degree, and worked in a mix of
1693:; given its associations with both the ambiguity of sexuality and gender and the gods Odin and Loki in their unreliable trickster forms, many on the Heathen movement's right wing disapprove of it. While there are heterosexual male practitioners,
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Heathen rites often take place in non-public spaces, particularly in a practitioner's home. In other cases, Heathen places of worship have been established on plots of land specifically purchased for the purpose; these can represent either a
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while others keep them separate and only venerate deities from a particular region. Some groups focus their veneration on a particular deity; for instance, the Brotherhood of Wolves, a Czech Heathen group, center their worship on the deity
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indigenous to any specific race. Universalist Heathens often express frustration that some journalists depict Heathenry as an intrinsically racist movement, and use their online presence to stress their opposition to far-right politics.
1769:. These poems were originally written in a Christian context, although practitioners believe that they reflect themes present in pre-Christian, shamanistic religion, and thus re-appropriate and "Heathanise" them for contemporary usage.
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of Norse mythologyâare deemed to be baleful spirits; within the community it is often deemed taboo to provide offerings to them, however some practitioners still do so. Many Heathens also believe in and respect ancestral spirits, with
1526:. Such Heathens conceive of the slaughtered animal as a gift to the gods, and sometimes also as a "traveller" who is taking a message to the deities. Groups who perform such sacrifices typically follow the procedure outlined in the
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the Sveriges Asatrosamfund (Swedish Asatru Assembly) was founded, growing to become the largest Heathen organisation in the country. The first Norwegian Heathen group, Blindern Ă
satrulag, was established as a student group at the
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of laborâin which men are viewed as providers and women seen as being responsible for home and childrenâis also widespread among Heathens in the U.S. Due to its focus on traditional attitudes to sex and genderâvalues perceived as
209:. In the 1970s, new Heathen groups established in Europe and North America, developing into formalized organizations. A central division within the Heathen movement emerged surrounding the issue of race. Older groups adopted a
1195:. A 2015 survey of the Heathen community nevertheless found that a greater percentage of Heathens were opposed to traditional gender rules than in favor of them, with this being particularly the case in northern Europe.
2005:. Those adopting the "ethnic" folkish position have been criticized by both universalist and ethno-centrist factions, the former deeming "ethnic" Heathenry a front for racism and the latter deeming its adherents
1430:, used to represent the god Odin or Woden. Practitioners also commonly decorate their materialâand sometimes themselves, in the form of tattoosâwith runes, the alphabet used by Early Medieval Germanic languages.
1305:. A 2015 survey found that the majority of Heathens identified as solitary practitioners, with northern Europe constituting an exception to this; here, the majority of Heathens reported involvement in groups.
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in which the animal's throat was cut incorrectly and it slowly died in agony; they felt that such practices would have displeased the gods and accordingly brought harm upon those carrying out the sacrifice.
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in Western nationsâit has been argued that American Heathenry's ethical system is far closer to traditional Christian morals than the ethical systems espoused in many other Western Pagan religions such as
1316:, the two larger wooden idols Odin (left) and Frey (right). In front of them there are the three Norns, and in the front row a red Thor and other idols. In front of the cult images are two ritual hammers.
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first founded the Viking Brotherhood in the early 1970s, before creating the Asatru Free Assembly in 1976, which broke up in 1986 amid widespread political disagreements after McNallen's repudiation of
414:. Some practitioners who emphasize an approach that relies exclusively on historical and archaeological sources criticize such attitudes, denigrating those who practice them using the pejorative term "
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representing an important part of their religious practice. For Heathens, relationships with the ancestors are seen as grounding their own sense of identity and giving them strength from the past.
634:. This term is favored by practitioners who focus on the Nordic deities of Scandinavia, however is problematic as many self-identified Asatruar worship entities other than the Ăsir, such as the
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In Heathenry, moral and ethical views are based on the perceived ethics of Iron Age and Early Medieval northwestern Europe, in particular the actions of heroic figures who appear in Old Norse
829:. Since the 1970s, such negative attitudes towards polytheism have changed. Today Heathenry is usually characterised as being polytheistic, exhibiting a theological structure which includes a
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are also sometimes chanted, in order to create a communal mood and allow participants to enter into altered states of consciousness and request communication with deities. Some contemporary
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as an overarching scholarly term for the movement; Strmiska noted that this would also encompass those practitioners inspired by the belief systems of northeastern Europe's linguistically
1870:. At these, religious rites are performed, while workshops, stalls, feasts, and competitive games are also present. In the U.S., there are two national gatherings, Althing and Trothmoot.
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represents a major source of division among Heathens, particularly in the United States. Within the Heathen community, one viewpoint holds that race is entirely a matter of biological
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were also practicing Heathens, with many metal bands embracing the heroic masculinity embodied in Norse mythological figures like Odin and Thor. Heathen themes also appeared in the
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is used widely to describe the religion as a whole, many groups prefer different designations, influenced by their regional focus and ideological preferences. Heathens focusing on
2655:. Exponents of Heathenry are also found on websites in Serbia. In Russia, several far-right groups merge elements from Heathenry with aspects adopted from Slavic Native Faith and
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Snook, Jennifer; Horrell, Thad; Horton, Kristen (2017). "Heathens in the United States: The Return to 'Tribes' in the Construction of a Peoplehood". In Rountree, Kathryn (ed.).
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perspectives. A larger proportion of Heathens instead adopt a "universalist" perspective, holding that the religion is open to all, irrespective of ethnic or racial background.
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Pizza, Murphy (2015). "Fire and Ice in Midvestjard: American Religion and Norse Identity in Minnesota's Heathen Community". In Lewis, James R.; TĂžllefsen, Inga BĂ„rdsen (eds.).
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in 2003, by which time ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ° had accumulated 777 members and played a visible role in Icelandic society. In England, the British Committee for the Restoration of the
681:("the old way"); this is also a term reappropriated from Christian usage, having previously been used in a derogatory sense to describe pre-Christian religion in the Old Norse
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from the 1990s, where lyrics and themes often expressed a longing for a pre-Christian "Northern past"; the mass media typically associated this music genre with Satanism. The
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Witulski, Vladimir (2013). "'Imported' Paganisms in Poland in the Twenty-First Century: A Sketch of the Developing Landscape". In Aitamurto, Kaarina; Simpson, Scott (eds.).
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For example, the ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°'s website state that "We particularly reject the use of ĂsatrĂș as a justification for supremacy ideology, militarism and animal sacrifice."
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1797:, but this is not regarded as an intrinsic part of Heathenry because it was not a common feature of pre-Christian rituals in Iron Age and Early Medieval Germanic Europe.
186:, to perform their rites outdoors or in specially constructed buildings. Heathen ethical systems emphasize honor, personal integrity, and loyalty, while beliefs about an
1112:, the hall of Freyja. Beliefs regarding reincarnation vary widely among Heathens, although one common belief is that individuals are reborn within their family or clan.
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in which the white race will overthrow who these Heathens perceive as their oppressors and establish a future society based on Heathen religion. The political scientist
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is largely associated with women and gay men, and a 2015 survey of Heathens found that women were more likely to have engaged in it than men. One member of the Troth,
1013:. Different types of being are believed to inhabit these different realms; for instance, humans live on Midgard, while dwarfs live on another realm, elves on another,
1223:. Heathen groups have participated in tree planting, raising money to purchase woodland, and campaigning against the construction of a railway between London and the
587:, but accepted that this term excluded those Heathens who are particularly inspired by the pre-Christian belief systems of non-Nordic Germanic societies, such as the
284:. Scholarly estimates put the number of Heathens at no more than 20,000 worldwide, with communities of practitioners active in Europe, the Americas, and Australasia.
2302:
921:, and are instead viewed as having their own strengths and weaknesses. Many practitioners believe that these deities will one day die, as did, for instance, the god
540:â"of a (foreign) people". The word was used by Early Medieval Christian writers in Germanic Europe to describe non-Christians; by using it, practitioners seek to
201:
groups actively venerating the deities of these societies appeared in Germany and Austria during the 1900s and 1910s, although they largely dissolved following
8507:
Gregorius, Fredrik (2006). "The 'Allgermanische Heidnische Front' and Old Norse Religion". In Andrén, Anders; Jennbert, Kristina; Raudvere, Catharina (eds.).
2229:, who wanted to unite these disparate Heathen groups. While active throughout the Nazi era, his hopes that his "German Faith" would be declared the official
571:, although the latter is an "artificial term" developed by scholars with little use within the Heathen community. Alternately, Blain suggested the use of
1361:. The Heathen community has made various attempts to construct hofs in different parts of the world. In 2014 the Ăsaheimur Temple was opened in Efri Ăs,
2178:, who established a religion that he termed "Wotanism", with an inner core that he referred to as "Armanism". List's Wotanism was based heavily on the
1827:
Different Heathen groups celebrate different festivals according to their cultural and religious focus. The most widely observed Heathen festivals are
845:
Heathenry's deities are adopted from the pre-Christian belief systems found in the various societies of Germanic Europe; they include divinities like
2281:
The völkisch movement also manifested itself in 1930s Norway within the milieu surrounding such groups as the Ragnarok Circle and Hans S. Jacobsen's
1482:
to the gods. Sometimes, a communal meal is held afterward; in some groups this is incorporated as part of the ritual itself. In other instances, the
471:. In identifying with indigeneity, some Heathensâparticularly in the United Statesâattempt to frame themselves as the victims of Medieval Christian
10374:
7821:
1721:-worker has genuinely received divine communication, and the fear that it will be used by some practitioners merely to bolster their own prestige.
140:
view of the cosmos in which the natural world is imbued with spirits. The religion's deities and spirits are honored in sacrificial rites known as
5950:
2408:. As the group expanded in size, Hansen's leadership caused schisms, and to retain the unity of the movement, he stepped down and was replaced by
2049:
1522:
In 2007 Strmiska noted that a "small but growing" number of Heathen practitioners in the U.S. had begun performing animal sacrifice as a part of
1377:
9927:
8877:
Smith, Kate (2022). "Blood, Blots and Belonging: English Heathens and Their (Ab)uses of Folklore". In Cheeseman, Matthew; Hart, Carina (eds.).
2241:â"contributed importantly to the mood of the Nazi era". Few had a direct influence on the Nazi Party leadership, with one prominent exception:
2028:. These individuals inhabit "the most distant reaches" of modern Paganism, according to Kaplan. The borders between this form of Heathenry and
1169:, while others eschew them for not having authentic roots in historical Germanic culture, negatively viewing them as an attempt to imitate the
665:, meaning "those who honor the goddesses", depending on their particular theological emphasis. A small group of practitioners who venerate the
8526:
Gregorius, Fredrik (2015). "Modern Heathenism in Sweden: A Case Study in the Creation of a Traditional Religion". In Rountree, Kathryn (ed.).
2396:
In Iceland, the influence of pre-Christian belief systems still pervaded the country's cultural heritage into the 20th century. There, farmer
1373:. Heathens have also adopted archaeological sites as places of worship. For instance, British practitioners have assembled for rituals at the
511:
to describe it, for the reason that these words are inclusive of all varieties of the movement. This term is the most commonly used option by
8037:
Amster, Matthew H. (2015). "It's Not Easy Being Apolitical: Reconstructionism and Eclecticism in Danish Asatro". In Rountree, Kathryn (ed.).
2481:
scene in northern Europe during the early 1990sâcame to play an important role in the North European Pagan scene. Many musicians involved in
2186:'s teachings. List's ideas were transmitted in Germany by prominent right-wingers, and adherents to his ideas were among the founders of the
2056:, a white supremacist militia active in the U.S. during the 1980s, called themselves Odinists, and various racist Heathens have espoused the
1422:, sometimes termed "garb". They also often wear symbols indicating their religious allegiance. The most commonly used sign among Heathens is
334:
Practitioners seek to revive these past belief systems by using surviving historical source materials. Among the historical sources used are
8839:
Shnirelman, Victor A. (2013). "Russian Neopaganism: From Ethnic Religion to Racial Violence". In Aitamurto, Kaarina; Simpson, Scott (eds.).
4757:
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Trafford, Simon; Pluskowski, Aleks (2007). "Antichrist Superstars: The Vikings in Hard Rock and Heavy Metal". In Marshall, David W. (ed.).
1125:
1418:
During religious ceremonies, many adherents choose to wear clothing that imitates the styles of dress worn in Iron Age and Early Medieval
8334:
Doyle White, Ethan (2017). "Northern Gods for Northern Folk: Racial Identity and Right-wing Ideology among Britain's Folkish Heathens".
1088:
separate yet linked together. It is common to find a belief in four or five souls, two of which survive bodily death: one of these, the
10133:
9477:
Exploring the Northern Tradition: A Guide to the Gods, Lore, Rites, and Celebrations from the Norse, German, and Anglo-Saxon Traditions
9051:
VelkoborskĂĄ, Kamila (2015). "The Brotherhood of Wolves in the Czech Republic: From ĂsatrĂș to Primitivism". In Rountree, Kathryn (ed.).
9009:
Strmiska, Michael F.; Sigurvinsson, Baldur A. (2005). "Asatru: Nordic Paganism in Iceland and America". In Strmiska, Michael F. (ed.).
2365:
within the group. In the 1990s, McNallen founded the Asatru Folk Assembly (AFA), an ethnically oriented Heathen group headquartered in
1662:-worker sitting on a high seat while songs and chants are performed to invoke gods and wights. Drumming is then performed to induce an
959:) and inhabit different aspects of the landscape, living alongside humans, whom they can both help and hinder. Others are deemed to be
1972:
Folkish practitioners deem Heathenry to be the indigenous religion of a biologically distinct race, which is conceptualised as being "
217:. They believe it should be reserved for white people, particularly of northern European descent, and often combine the religion with
10052:
8567:
7822:"Society >> Culture >> Religious organisations >> Populations by religious and life stance organizations 1998â2017"
2527:
1365:, Iceland, while in 2014 a British Heathen group called the Odinist Fellowship opened a temple in a converted 16th-century chapel in
809:. The three figures are interpreted as Odin, Thor, and Freyr, deities which have seen their veneration revived among modern Heathens.
4025:
2429:
American Heathens Stephen McNallen (left) and Michael "Valgard" Murray (center), with Eric "Hnikar" Wood (right) at the 2000 Althing
156:, the act of ceremonially toasting the gods with an alcoholic beverage. Some adherents also engage in rituals designed to induce an
10436:
9404:
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Blain, Jenny; Wallis, Robert J. (2006). "Representing Spirit: Heathenry, New-Indigenes and the Imaged Past". In Ian Russell (ed.).
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4387:
2794:
1927:
tripartite division, although referred to the groups as the "a-racist", "racial-religious", and "ethnicist" factions respectively.
766:
is used by more moderate Heathen groups, but no such clear division of these terms' usage exists in practice. Gregorius noted that
213:
attitudeâoften termed "folkish" within the communityâby viewing Heathenry as an ethnic or racial religion with inherent links to a
4897:
2458:
in 1994 the Odinic Rite Deutschland (Odinic Rite Germany) was founded, although it later declared its independence and became the
2016:
Some folkish Heathens are white supremacists and explicit racists, representing a "radical racist" faction that favours the terms
1571:(promises of future actions) might be made, both of which are considered binding on the speakers due to the sacred context of the
411:
10249:
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452:
Jennifer Snook noted that many practitioners "hearken back to a more epic, anachronistic, and pure age of ancestors and heroes".
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Strmiska, Michael F. (2007). "Putting the Blood Back into BlĂłt: The Revival of Animal Sacrifice in Modern Nordic Paganism".
5048:
10341:
10332:
10216:
10016:
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Feraro, Shai (2016). "The Return of Baal to the Holy Land: Canaanite Reconstructionism among Contemporary Israeli Pagans".
2684:
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Heathens. Those who adopt the former perspective have thus criticized Lokeans as effeminate and sexually deviant. Views on
953:) that inhabit the world, each of whom is believed to have its own personality. Some of these are known as "land spirits" (
7807:
5412:
2459:
1713:
techniques, something which generated controversy in the community. Part of the discomfort that some Heathens feel toward
10314:
2261:", which was devoted to a messianic Germanic figure known as Krist, who was later wrongly transformed into the figure of
2053:
1065:, with Heathens in North America often believing that luck can be earned, passed down through the generations, or lost.
941:
conception of the natural world as being sacred and imbued with a divine energy force permeating all life. Heathenry is
10153:
8886:
8617:
8065:
8001:
2345:
176:. Many solitary adherents follow the religion by themselves. Other Heathens assemble in small groups, usually known as
9496:
Northern Tradition for the Solitary Practitioner: A Book of Prayer, Devotional Practice, and the Nine Worlds of Spirit
6940:
6724:
5017:
2639:(PF) and simply described themselves as "Pagan", while other Heathens did not specify their religious beliefs. In the
10522:
10138:
8896:
Snook, Jennifer (2013). "Reconsidering Heathenry: The Construction of an Ethnic Folkway as Religio-ethnic Identity".
2569:
8550:
Germanisches (Neu-)Heidentum in Deutschland: Entstehung, Struktur und Symbolsystem eines alternativreligiösen Feldes
8257:
DostĂĄlovĂĄ, Anna-Marie (2013). "Czech Neopagan Movements and Leaders". In Aitamurto, Kaarina; Simpson, Scott (eds.).
1624:, which has been described as "a particular shamanic trance ritual complex", although the appropriateness of using "
10602:
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2045:
1362:
324:
109:. In an attempt to reconstruct these past belief systems, Heathenry uses surviving historical, archaeological, and
46:
9174:
Bernauer, Lauren (2006). "Modern Germanic Heathenry and the Radical Traditionalists". In Di Lauro, Frances (ed.).
6992:
3661:
2517:
2206:
developed from the Germanenorden, and it displayed a Theosophically influenced interpretation of Norse mythology.
1037:
According to a common Heathen belief based on references in Old Norse sources, three female entities known as the
9933:
7437:
2702:
2606:
2422:, in which he wrote of the existence of a secret society of Odinists; most British Heathens doubt its existence.
2265:. Many Heathen groups disbanded during the Nazi period, and they were only able to re-establish themselves after
2209:
1173:. Their use is particularly unpopular in Nordic countries, and has been observed declining in the United States.
1120:
1084:
overtones" of Ragnarök which helped convert white American racialists to the right wing of the Heathen movement.
512:
410:, believing that doing so helps to construct spiritual world-views akin to those that existed in Europe prior to
8106:
Blain, Jenny (2005). "Heathenry, the Past, and Sacred Sites in Today's Britain". In Strmiska, Michael F. (ed.).
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memories of ancient German society, proclaiming that "Wotanism" was in conflict with another ancient religion, "
1980:", or "Aryan". Some practitioners explain this by asserting that the religion is intrinsically connected to the
1588:, and the toasting accompanied the children taping pictures of apples to a poster of a tree that symbolized the
817:
noted that there is "no unanimously accepted theology" within the Heathen movement. Several early Heathens like
9778:
9745:
9663:
8305:
Doyle White, Ethan (2016). "Old Stones, New Rites: Contemporary Pagan Interactions with the Medway Megaliths".
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2061:
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Kaplan, Jeffrey (1996). "The Reconstruction of the ĂsatrĂș and Odinist Traditions". In Lewis, James R. (ed.).
8484:
Granholm, Kennet (2011). "'Sons of Northern Darkness': Heathen Influences in Black Metal and Neofolk Music".
3601:
2162:
published a pamphlet calling for the revival of a racialized ancient German religion Other writers such as
798:
7224:
2439:
2293:, although it left no successors in post-war Norway. A variant of "Odinism" was developed by the Australian
1938:, VÀstergötland, Sweden. The big wooden idol represents the god Frey, the smaller one next to it represents
673:. Although restricted especially to Scandinavia, since the mid-2000s a term that has grown in popularity is
398:(UPG) that they have gained through spiritual experiences. Others adopt concepts from the world's surviving
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period, many Heathen groups also began to interact increasingly with other ethnic-oriented Pagan groups in
2069:
1097:
292:
8355:
Doyle White, Ethan (2021). "In Woden's Shadow: Anglo-Saxonism, Paganism, and Politics in Modern England".
2400:
founded the Heathen group ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ° in 1972, which initially had 12 members. Beinteinsson served as
10242:
9907:
9750:
9730:
9651:
9325:
9296:
Davy, Barbara Jane (2023). "Inclusive Heathens Practice Ancestor Veneration, But Not Pride in Ancestry".
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2230:
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in 1986, however a wider Heathen movement would not appear until the 1990s, when a group calling itself
2238:
9960:
2640:
2628:
1019:
395:
9320:(2004). "White Racist Religions in the United States: From Christian Identity to Wolf Age Pagans". In
8570:(1995). "Heathenism: A North European Pagan Tradition". In Harvey, Graham; Hardman, Charlotte (eds.).
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5231:
5018:"Visit the only heathen temple in Iceland in Skagafjörður fjord for a pagan grill party this Saturday"
2397:
2103:
1789:. Some non-Heathens also use runes for divinatory purposes, with books on the subject being common in
1584:
in 2006 with the purpose of involving Heathen children; rather than mead, the drinking horn contained
1333:, adopting Old Norse terms meaning "god-man" and "god-woman" respectively, with the plural term being
30:
This article is about the modern Pagan new religious movement. For the ancient Germanic religion, see
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1678:-worker, with the latter offering replies based on information obtained in their trance-state. Some
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8014:
Asprem, Egil (2008). "Heathens Up North: Politics, Polemics, and Contemporary Paganism in Norway".
2143:
129:
38:
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Poewe, Karla; Hexham, Irving (2005). "Jakob Wilhelm Hauer's New Religion and National Socialism".
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substances as part of this practice; others explicitly oppose the use of any mind-altering drugs.
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can enter, based in part on the worth of the individual's earthly life; these include the hall of
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7997:"'SkeggĂžld, SkĂĄlmöld; Vindöld, Vergöld': Alexander Rud Mills and the ĂsatrĂș Faith in the New Age"
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A Heathen altar for the Yule feast in Gothenburg, Sweden. The painted tablet at the back depicts
17:
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9033:
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Blain, Jenny; Wallis, Robert J. (2009). "Heathenry". In Lewis, James R.; Pizza, Murphy (eds.).
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1981:
1899:
650:. Although initially a popular term of designation among practitioners and academics, usage of
407:
320:
90:
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Voices from the Pagan Census: A National Survey of Witches and Neo-Pagans in the United States
1960:
practitioners of Heathenry who are not of northern European ancestry; for instance, there are
1441:
890:
adopt a particular patron deity for themselves, taking an oath of dedication to them known as
762:
adopt an explicitly political, right-wing and racialist interpretation of the religion, while
381:
by Christians and only discuss pre-Christian religion in a fragmentary and biased manner. The
10513:
10174:
9845:
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Contemporary Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Europe: Colonialist and Nationalist Impulses
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Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah
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Contemporary Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Europe: Colonialist and Nationalist Impulses
8420:
8297:
8215:ÄrniÄ, AleĆĄ (2013). "Neopaganism in Slovenia". In Aitamurto, Kaarina; Simpson, Scott (eds.).
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Cragle, Joshua Marcus (2017). "Contemporary Germanic/Norse Paganism and Recent Survey Data".
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Contemporary Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Europe: Colonialist and Nationalist Impulses
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2002:
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attitudes toward those of non-northern European ancestry. Universalist practitioners such as
1930:
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449:
445:
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Radulovic, Nemanja (2017). "From Folklore to Esotericism and Back: Neo-Paganism in Serbia".
3158:
2393:. Taking an inclusive, non-racialist view, it soon grew into an international organisation.
2377:(AA) in the late 1980s, which shared the AFA's perspectives on race and which published the
2333:
In the early 1970s, Heathen organisations emerged in the United Kingdom, the United States,
500:
as the particular Germanic region of pre-Christian Europe from which they draw inspiration.
268:; and those Heathens who espouse folkish and far-right perspectives tend to favor the terms
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9604:
7366:
6162:
3238:
2374:
2183:
2065:
1794:
1754:
1650:
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term "reconstructionism" to describe their practices, preferring to characterize it as an "
249:
177:
9267:
Davy, Barbara Jane (2023). "Negotiating Ecological Relations Amongst Inclusive Heathens".
5170:
2139:
909:
Images of the deities Frey and Freyja constructed by the RĂșnatĂœr Kindred in Canada in 2011
198:
8:
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9940:
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9434:
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2356:, which placed greater emphasis on right-wing and racialist ideas than theological ones.
2334:
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125:
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Strmiska, Michael F. (2002). "Asatru in Iceland". In Rabinovitch, S.; Lewis, J. (eds.).
6964:
4310:
1261:, a prominent U.S. Heathen organisation. Many Heathen groups in northern Europe perform
1026:, thereby interpreting the nine worlds and their inhabitants as maps of the human mind.
544:
it from the Christians as a form of self-designation. Many practitioners favor the term
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A 2010 Heathen rite at the Storbuckasten boulder in Sörby parish, VÀstergötland, Sweden
1589:
1152:
835:
515:, with growing usage in North America and elsewhere. These terms are based on the word
468:
456:
361:
309:
233:
93:. Developed in Europe during the early 20th century, its practitioners model it on the
7973:
Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshipers and Other Pagans in America
6884:
2170:
Another development of Heathenry emerged within the occult völkisch movement known as
834:
psychological interpretation of the divinities, viewing them for instance as symbols,
825:
nature of pre-Christian religion embarrassing, and argued that in reality it had been
10480:
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9582:
9556:
9537:
9518:
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9480:
9461:
9438:
9427:
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9117:
9094:
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Sacred Sites, Contested Rites/Rights: Pagan Engagements with Archaeological Monuments
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2010:
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Images, Representations and Heritage: Moving Beyond Modern Approaches to Archaeology
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2462:(VfgH; Society for Germanic Paganism), while the Troth also created a German group,
2442:
was established in 1996; after a schism in that group, the Foreningen Forn Sed, now
2340:
Heathenry emerged in the United States during the 1960s. In 1969 the Danish Heathen
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surrounds the lack of any criteria by which the community can determine whether the
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The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Influence on Nazi Ideology
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Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson, leader of the Icelandic ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°, at a blĂłt in 1991
2250:
2187:
2044:. Rejecting Christianity as a Jewish creation, they believe that the white race is
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icon for ecological and social engagement. Some Heathens, such as the psychologist
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to describe their religion. The England-based racialist group Woden's Folk favored
98:
8965:
Strmiska, Michael F. (2000). "ĂsatrĂș in Iceland: The Rebirth of Nordic Paganism".
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934:, although in other instances resin statues of the divinities are sometimes used.
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Doyle White, Ethan (2014). "The Goddess Frig: Reassessing an Anglo-Saxon Deity".
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1341:âthe priesthood is modelled on an initiatory system of ascending degrees akin to
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Heathen cemetery in GufuneskirkjugarĂ°ur, ReykjavĂk, which was established in 1999
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or racial archetypes, with some who adopt this position deeming themselves to be
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The anthropologist Murphy Pizza suggests that Heathenry can be understood as an "
399:
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102:
82:
9070:
Weinstein, Deena (2013). "Pagan Metal". In Weston, Donna; Bennett, Andy (eds.).
8633:
Hunt-Anschutz, Arlea (2002). "Heathenry". In Rabinovitch, S.; Lewis, J. (eds.).
8509:
Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions
8085:
Nine Worlds of Seidr-Magic: Ecstasy and Neo-Shamanism in North European Paganism
4925:
2619:
1057:
10440:
10310:
10148:
10093:
9699:
9570:
9422:
8239:
8042:
5788:
4806:
4057:
3054:
2495:
2443:
2175:
2098:
2057:
1956:
1710:
1671:
1338:
1224:
1151:
Some Heathen communities have formalized such values into an ethical code, the
818:
367:
9351:
Shamanic Performances on the Urban Scene: Neo-Shamanism in Contemporary Sweden
8800:
8368:
8347:
6545:
5728:
5275:
4347:
3697:
2551:, but many others look unfavorably on such religions for being too syncretic.
2150:
one of the earliest forerunners of the phenomenon with his popular 1877 novel
711:. Within the United States, groups emphasising a German-orientation have used
460:
10591:
10381:
10370:
10258:
10143:
9987:
8724:(2002). "Asatru in the United States". In Rabinovitch, S.; Lewis, J. (eds.).
8638:
8499:
7977:
5102:
2478:
2286:
2258:
2246:
2199:
2195:
2159:
2125:
1961:
1828:
1778:
1563:
1547:
1401:
1245:
1237:
1203:
1081:
945:, with practitioners believing in nonhuman spirit persons commonly known as "
751:
743:
387:
113:
evidence as a basis, although approaches to this material vary considerably.
9825:
9309:
9218:
9001:
8980:
8911:
8407:
5319:
3126:
1820:
1405:
1109:
955:
10564:
10467:
10184:
9883:
9875:
9656:
8967:
8898:
8466:
6325:
5712:
5660:
5025:
2548:
2482:
2416:
was established by John Yeowell in 1972. In 1992, Mark Mirabello published
2290:
2270:
2266:
2254:
2037:
2033:
2032:(Nazism) are "exceedingly thin", with its adherents having paid tribute to
2006:
1906:
heritage. In U.S. Heathen discourse, these viewpoints are described as the
1637:
1389:
1302:
1157:
918:
687:. Other terms used within the community to describe their religion are the
683:
588:
382:
206:
202:
8029:
5303:
2352:. Heavily influenced by Mills' writings, she began publishing a magazine,
1943:
1811:
1670:
in which they visualise travelling through the world tree to the realm of
1606:
1313:
1253:
Thor and Odin in Norse mythology. There are, for instance, homosexual and
905:
517:
430:
10179:
9258:
9237:
8921:
American Heathens: The Politics of Identity in a Pagan Religious Movement
6258:
5436:
2474:
2470:
2413:
2129:
2121:
1977:
1585:
1374:
1342:
1254:
1249:
1182:
1073:
1002:
914:
755:
699:, while in the first third of the 20th century, commonly used terms were
622:
belief", or "loyalty to the Ăsir"âthe Ăsir being a sub-set of deities in
602:
Heathen ritual space marked out by an engraved wooden pillar, located on
476:
472:
351:
346:
214:
194:
9280:
9158:
9110:
The Emerging Network: A Sociology of the New Age and Neo-Pagan Movements
7608:
7032:
6980:
6924:
6648:
6425:
6038:
5887:
3549:
2237:
The völkisch occultistsâamong them Pagans like List and Christians like
1836:
1737:
is another Heathen practice involving chanting or singing. As part of a
1450:
1353:, which is a sanctified place within nature like a grove of trees, or a
1069:
10199:
10103:
9997:
9429:
Teutonic Religion: Folk Beliefs and Practices of the Northern Tradition
8831:
8207:
7248:
7016:
5843:
5760:
4661:
4444:
4442:
4167:
3981:
3965:
2905:
2447:
2366:
2362:
2310:
2147:
2077:
1998:
1973:
1923:
1773:
1746:
1474:
typically takes place outdoors, and usually consists of an offering of
1381:
1006:
894:, and describe themselves as that entity's devotee using terms such as
878:
826:
822:
607:
603:
442:
340:
305:
173:
121:
51:
9145:
Berger, Helen (2023). "The Environmentalism of the Far-Right Pagans".
7773:
2011 Census, Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales
4689:
4633:
4258:
4157:
4155:
3368:
3273:
3110:
1843:
and are thus of ancient origin. The first of these marks the start of
1759:
1724:
1423:
1129:
1100:
into a new body. In Heathen belief, there are various realms that the
598:
421:
55:
10211:
10169:
10062:
9855:
9802:
9091:
Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe
8841:
Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe
8440:
Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity
8259:
Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe
8217:
Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe
8088:
7481:
7088:
7060:
6752:
5871:
5564:
4482:
2499:
2386:
2213:
Jakob Wilhelm Hauer, leader of the German Faith Movement in the 1930s
2194:
in 1912, and they included individuals who held key positions in the
2171:
2094:
1915:
1914:
positions, respectively. These two factionsâwhich Kaplan termed the "
1706:
1683:
1625:
1581:
1467:
1258:
1048:
1010:
990:
938:
806:
795:
552:
because the former term originated among Germanic languages, whereas
335:
218:
210:
187:
133:
7839:
7779:
7677:
7675:
6533:
6206:
6146:
6002:
5899:
5154:
4822:
4439:
4286:
4274:
4227:
4105:
2446:, was formed in 1998. In Denmark, a small group was founded near to
1265:, and a group of self-described "Homo-Heathens" marched in the 2008
1014:
973:
874:
787:
666:
10270:
9955:
9888:
9814:
8745:
Paganistan: Contemporary Pagan Community in Minnesota's Twin Cities
8575:
8111:
7288:
6824:
6588:
6062:
5548:
4152:
3356:
2982:
2873:
2490:
2463:
2285:
journal. Prominent figures involved in this milieu were the writer
2080:'s Ron McVan, reject the integration of these differing religions.
2073:
1895:
1781:
as a runic alphabet, although some practitioners instead adopt the
1479:
1105:
1052:
639:
529:
403:
147:
117:
9596:
9030:
Mass Market Medieval: Essays on the Middle Ages in Popular Culture
8278:
Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural
6840:
6578:
6576:
3808:
3533:
3488:
3472:
2782:
1620:
503:
Academics studying the religion have typically favoured the terms
467:" with parallels to the traditional belief systems of the world's
162:
10206:
10032:
9947:
7737:
7672:
7545:
7340:
7188:
5400:
4466:
3997:
2486:
2404:(chief priest) until his death in 1993, when he was succeeded by
2370:
2349:
2191:
1903:
1790:
1641:
1427:
1216:
1207:
998:
942:
839:
792:
356:
137:
10227:
5484:
4849:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4121:
3396:
3074:
2643:, 1,958 people self-identified as Heathen in England and Wales.
2174:. One of these völkisch Ariosophists was the Austrian occultist
1997:
and the mixture of different races in modern Europe, advocating
1462:
937:
Many practitioners combine their polytheistic world-view with a
619:
197:
which glorified the pre-Christian societies of Germanic Europe.
142:
9298:
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
8968:
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
8899:
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
8396:
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions
7803:
6573:
6521:
6413:
6313:
6134:
3925:
3444:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
1952:
1939:
1852:
1844:
1454:
1358:
1320:
883:
862:
152:
6509:
6497:
5346:
4961:
4733:
3142:
2659:. There are also several Heathens in the Israeli Pagan scene.
1092:, travels to the realm of the ancestors, while the other, the
846:
10083:
10004:
7140:
5536:
5068:
5066:
4326:
2390:
2262:
1742:
1733:
1325:
1281:
In Anglophone countries, Heathen groups are typically called
1270:
1192:
1166:
1038:
969:
965:
946:
930:- wooden shafts with anthropomorphic faces carved into them,
922:
858:
635:
592:
580:
557:
168:
9401:
Icelandic Magic: Practical Secrets of the Northern Grimoires
8660:. New York: State University of New York. pp. 193â236.
8060:
Berger, Helen A.; Leagh, Evan A.; Shaffer, Leigh S. (2003).
7887:
7562:
7560:
7276:
7152:
7116:
7104:
6612:
6561:
6453:
6389:
2933:
1055:. Heathens also believe in a personal form of wyrd known as
1041:
sit at the end of the world tree's root. These figures spin
715:, while those focusing on an Anglo-Saxon approach have used
193:
Heathenry's origins lie in the 19th- and early 20th-century
8990:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
8819:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
8196:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
8017:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
7863:
7164:
7048:
6812:
6377:
6365:
6341:
6301:
6230:
6122:
5090:
5078:
4415:
3577:
3523:
3521:
3519:
2182:, although over time it was increasingly influenced by the
2134:
1832:
1475:
1397:
1241:
1233:
1137:
1068:
Various Heathen groups adopt the Norse apocalyptic myth of
1062:
1043:
870:
866:
854:
850:
771:
297:
59:
7797:
7596:
7396:
6700:
6688:
6026:
5990:
5916:
5914:
5364:
5335:
5219:
5063:
4997:
4745:
4602:
4179:
3732:
3504:
3318:
3316:
2994:
2425:
9013:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 127â179.
8417:
Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism
7935:
7557:
7384:
7176:
7128:
6768:
6624:
6600:
6465:
6441:
6401:
4522:
4248:
4246:
3877:
3086:
2970:
2758:
1858:
Some Heathens celebrate the eight festivals found in the
1494:
In Iron Age and Early Medieval northern Europe, the term
1460:
The most important religious rite for Heathens is called
1141:
770:
was "highly problematic" because it implies that the god
643:
7923:
7899:
7875:
7851:
7624:
7521:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7316:
7304:
7200:
7076:
6291:
6289:
6274:
5833:
5831:
5700:
5676:
5388:
5376:
5352:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5130:
4885:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4705:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4558:
4427:
3941:
3589:
3516:
3289:
2088:
1993:, and many folkish practitioners express disapproval of
1674:. The assembled audience then provide questions for the
9353:. Stockholm: Stockholm Studies in Social Anthropology.
8595:
Listening People, Speaking Earth: Contemporary Paganism
7370:"Worldwide Heathen Census 2013: Results & Analysis"
6218:
6194:
6182:
5911:
5512:
5015:
4985:
4839:
4837:
4570:
4298:
4215:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3722:
3720:
3460:
3384:
3313:
3263:
3261:
3030:
2861:
2107:
Guido von List, who promoted an early form of Heathenry
1654:. While such practices differ between groups, oracular
1618:
One religious practice sometimes found in Heathenry is
1022:, have adopted an approach to this cosmology rooted in
997:. As part of this framework, humanity's worldâknown as
532:
missionaries as the equivalent of both the Greek words
495:
ritual held at Getsjön in VÀstergötland, Sweden in 2009
9370:
The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism
8860:
Norse Revival: Transformations of Germanic Neopaganism
8726:
The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism
8700:
Witching Culture: Folklore and Neo-Paganism in America
8635:
The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism
7660:
7648:
5648:
4243:
4142:
4140:
3889:
3565:
2827:
2825:
758:. There is thus a general view that all those who use
9269:
Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture
9147:
Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture
7947:
7911:
7749:
7699:
7636:
7584:
7572:
7533:
7509:
7497:
7425:
7408:
7328:
7264:
7212:
6780:
6712:
6636:
6353:
6286:
6110:
6098:
6050:
6014:
5978:
5859:
5828:
5776:
5748:
5688:
5616:
5524:
5500:
5291:
5194:
5142:
5118:
4789:
4677:
4614:
4534:
4510:
4498:
4375:
4013:
3412:
3206:
1614:
held on Iceland in 2009 by members of ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°
1411:
Heathen groups assemble for rituals in order to mark
437:
chronological period within Germanic Europe, such as
9553:
Essential Asatru: Walking the Path of Norse Paganism
9008:
8881:. New York and London: Routledge. pp. 262â278.
7845:
7785:
7687:
7471:
7447:
7234:
6986:
6970:
6950:
6870:
6730:
6248:
6212:
6092:
6044:
6008:
5956:
5940:
5905:
5893:
5580:
5472:
5458:
5426:
5265:
5041:"World's first modern-day pagan temple is in Newark"
4973:
4931:
4911:
4875:
4834:
4828:
4812:
4775:
4727:
4649:
4546:
4454:
4448:
4397:
4363:
4320:
4292:
4280:
4191:
4173:
4161:
4093:
4063:
4035:
3860:
3848:
3836:
3798:
3717:
3685:
3675:
3362:
3338:
3258:
3248:
3098:
3042:
3018:
2988:
2960:
2879:
2804:
2788:
2740:
2064:. Some white supremacist organisations, such as the
630:
in North America, with practitioners being known as
150:
are offered to them. These are often accompanied by
4203:
4137:
3953:
3824:
3006:
2921:
2849:
2822:
2770:
2128:. This development went in tandem with a growth in
1644:, first. A prominent form is high-seat or oracular
1546:, a ritual drinking ceremony in which the gods are
9426:
9055:. New York and Oxford: Berghahn. pp. 86â109.
9027:
8941:
8676:
8059:
7743:
7681:
7551:
7194:
5972:
3301:
3080:
2837:
2477:genreâwhich emerged from the fragmentation of the
1507:for instance explicitly rejects animal sacrifice.
1219:issues, with many considering their faith to be a
1005:, all of which are associated with a cosmological
726:Many racialist-oriented Heathens prefer the terms
402:as well as modern polytheistic traditions such as
9176:Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on the Sacred
8944:Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Modern Paganism
8530:. New York and Oxford: Berghahn. pp. 64â85.
8511:. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. pp. 389â392.
7800:"Iceland building first Norse temple in 1K years"
7365:
1514:An apple and a slice of home-made pizza given as
563:Further terms used in some academic contexts are
10589:
10375:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles
9493:
8177:Being Viking: Heathenism in Contemporary America
7721:. Associated Press. 24 July 2006. Archived from
7719:"Viking Mythology Grows As Religion for Inmates"
1898:, while the opposing position is that race is a
8622:The Journal of Religion, Identity, and Politics
8460:
8437:
6678:
6594:
6582:
6539:
6527:
6515:
6503:
6483:
6419:
6319:
2369:. Meanwhile, Valgard Murray and his kindred in
2225:) was founded by the religious studies scholar
1815:Members of the ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ° preparing for a
614:Another name for the religion is the Icelandic
425:A 2009 rite performed on the Icelandic hill of
7798:Moore, Elizabeth Armstrong (3 February 2015).
1984:of this race, with prominent American Heathen
1648:, which is based on the account of GuĂ°riĂ°r in
877:from Anglo-Saxon sources, and figures such as
136:views from these past societies, including an
37:"Odinism" redirects here. For other uses, see
10243:
9612:
8632:
7361:
7359:
5810:
5794:
5442:
5418:
5325:
5281:
5261:
5237:
5038:
4947:
4903:
4763:
4353:
4341:
4316:
3971:
3907:
3607:
2948:
2469:Heathen influences were apparent in forms of
2278:some extent persisted into the 21st century.
2245:was both a friend and a key influence on the
1228:whom Heathens widely see as their ancestors.
1148:is a destructive rather than useful concept.
1636:developed during the 1990s out of the wider
365:
9372:. New York: Citadel Press. pp. 15â17.
9246:Relegere: Studies in Religion and Reception
9196:
9050:
8784:
8728:. New York: Citadel Press. pp. 17â18.
8354:
8333:
8304:
8275:
8151:
8128:
7994:
7614:
7026:
7010:
6706:
6694:
6674:
6551:
6335:
6307:
6268:
6140:
6128:
5964:
5853:
5822:
5798:
5770:
5722:
5574:
5112:
5108:
5096:
5084:
4421:
4401:
3738:
3559:
3510:
3176:
3136:
3120:
3000:
2891:
2764:
2724:
2720:
2635:. Many Heathens followed the advice of the
2138:, contributing to the establishment of the
1885:â Religious studies scholar Mattias Gardell
1847:in northern Europe, while the second marks
62:; such pendants are often worn by Heathens.
10250:
10236:
9619:
9605:
9494:Krasskova, Galina; Kaldera, Raven (2009).
9421:
8879:Folklore and Nation in Britain and Ireland
8857:
8838:
7941:
7602:
7566:
7491:
7455:
7402:
7390:
7356:
7282:
7258:
7242:
7122:
7110:
7098:
7070:
7042:
7006:
6974:
6958:
6934:
6918:
6898:
6878:
6806:
6774:
6762:
6746:
6658:
6630:
6618:
6606:
6567:
6555:
6471:
6459:
6447:
6435:
6407:
6252:
6176:
6032:
5996:
5968:
5670:
5642:
5610:
5313:
5285:
5249:
5072:
5003:
4967:
4955:
4919:
4751:
4739:
4699:
4671:
4643:
4608:
4596:
4357:
4268:
4115:
4087:
4051:
3778:
3754:
3679:
3651:
3595:
3583:
3466:
3438:
3295:
3283:
3232:
2976:
2964:
2812:
2309:of the early 20th century, among them the
2076:, although other racist Heathens, such as
1445:The Swedish Asatru Society holding a 2008
1404:, and Icelandic practitioners have met at
1202:A 2010 outdoor altar at the SpringblĂłt at
984:
661:, meaning "those who honor the Vanir", or
372:. Some Heathens also adopt ideas from the
338:texts associated with Iceland such as the
130:deities from pre-Christian Germanic Europe
10053:Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans
9512:
9474:
9348:
9257:
9069:
8815:
8697:
8525:
8506:
8256:
7929:
7881:
7869:
7206:
7182:
7170:
7146:
7134:
7054:
7038:
6487:
5542:
5016:Helgason, MagnĂșs Sveinn (7 August 2015).
4711:
4488:
3527:
3434:
3390:
3132:
3068:
3036:
2915:
2716:
2111:During the late 18th and 19th centuries,
1400:. Swedish Heathens have done the same at
913:Heathen deities are not seen as perfect,
9569:
9531:
9451:
9367:
9173:
9088:
8987:
8964:
8483:
7905:
7893:
7791:
7322:
7294:
7158:
6946:
6930:
6491:
6431:
6395:
5682:
5406:
5394:
5382:
5358:
5329:
5136:
4221:
3987:
3478:
3374:
3322:
3279:
2867:
2618:
2568:
2516:
2424:
2324:
2208:
2102:
1929:
1810:
1723:
1605:
1509:
1440:
1307:
1197:
1119:
1028:
904:
786:
657:Other practitioners term their religion
597:
486:
420:
291:
45:
9454:The Norse Tradition: A Beginner's Guide
9395:
9316:
8615:
8544:
8414:
7254:
6830:
6818:
6798:
6383:
6371:
6347:
6264:
6236:
6224:
6200:
6188:
6172:
6088:
6072:
5936:
5920:
5422:
5176:
4991:
4907:
4871:
4767:
4393:
4304:
4264:
4252:
4233:
4185:
4031:
3895:
3818:
3794:
3770:
3703:
3671:
3635:
3611:
3571:
3555:
3539:
3494:
3224:
3212:
3192:
3060:
2776:
2744:
2712:
2623:A 2009 blĂłt held by Heathens in Iceland
1503:Western countries. The Icelandic group
1491:also serve as a form of group bonding.
1240:nature has made him attractive to many
993:based on that found in Norse mythologyâ
654:has declined as the religion has aged.
14:
10590:
9550:
9534:Asatru: A Native European Spirituality
9235:
9144:
9072:Pop Pagans: Paganism and Popular Music
8720:
8674:
8658:Magical Religion and Modern Witchcraft
8655:
8618:"Heathenry as a Postcolonial Movement"
8592:
8566:
8393:
8193:
8174:
8036:
8013:
7953:
7857:
7755:
7666:
7654:
7642:
7630:
7618:
7590:
7578:
7539:
7527:
7503:
7487:
7475:
7467:
7451:
7443:
7431:
7419:
7350:
7346:
7334:
7310:
7270:
7238:
7218:
7094:
7082:
7066:
7022:
7002:
6998:
6954:
6914:
6910:
6894:
6890:
6866:
6862:
6846:
6834:
6802:
6786:
6758:
6738:
6718:
6682:
6670:
6654:
6359:
6331:
6295:
6280:
6168:
6156:
6152:
6116:
6084:
6068:
6056:
6020:
5984:
5932:
5877:
5849:
5837:
5814:
5782:
5754:
5742:
5738:
5706:
5666:
5654:
5606:
5506:
5466:
5370:
5225:
5213:
5180:
5164:
5160:
5148:
4935:
4891:
4723:
4627:
4592:
4564:
4504:
4492:
4476:
4433:
4409:
4197:
4131:
4111:
4099:
4083:
4067:
4043:
4019:
4007:
3931:
3915:
3883:
3871:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3758:
3711:
3691:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3619:
3543:
3498:
3418:
3406:
3402:
3378:
3346:
3267:
3252:
3244:
3164:
3152:
3104:
3092:
2899:
2831:
2816:
2708:
2631:, 300 people registered as Heathen in
2072:, combine elements of Heathenism with
1851:, and the last marks the beginning of
1538:Another common ritual in Heathenry is
1466:, which constitutes a ritual in which
1276:
1115:
1061:. This is connected to an emphasis on
932:as were used prior to Christianisation
803:Swedish Museum of National Antiquities
10231:
10013:European Congress of Ethnic Religions
9600:
9515:A Practical Heathen's Guide to Asatru
8918:
8895:
8876:
8765:
8742:
8683:. Syracuse: Syracuse Academic Press.
8214:
8129:Blain, Jenny; Wallis, Robert (2007).
8105:
8082:
7969:
7917:
7705:
7693:
7515:
7230:
6874:
6850:
6742:
6734:
6642:
6104:
5960:
5944:
5881:
5865:
5766:
5734:
5718:
5694:
5638:
5634:
5622:
5602:
5598:
5586:
5570:
5558:
5554:
5530:
5518:
5494:
5490:
5478:
5462:
5446:
5430:
5309:
5297:
5269:
5245:
5241:
5188:
5124:
4979:
4951:
4915:
4879:
4859:
4855:
4843:
4816:
4800:
4783:
4771:
4695:
4683:
4667:
4655:
4639:
4588:
4576:
4552:
4540:
4528:
4516:
4472:
4460:
4405:
4381:
4369:
4237:
4209:
4146:
4127:
4079:
4039:
4003:
3991:
3975:
3959:
3947:
3935:
3911:
3854:
3842:
3774:
3750:
3726:
3707:
3639:
3615:
3482:
3450:
3430:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3307:
3228:
3200:
3188:
3172:
3168:
3148:
3116:
3064:
3048:
3024:
3012:
2927:
2911:
2895:
2855:
2843:
2808:
2800:
2752:
2748:
2736:
2615:Neopaganism in German-speaking Europe
2320:
2089:Romanticist and Völkisch predecessors
2060:slogan developed by the Order member
1155:(NNV), which is based largely on the
972:. Some of these entitiesâsuch as the
742:, while another racialist group, the
376:of pre-Christian northern Europe and
10342:Magic, Witchcraft and the Otherworld
10333:Witchcraft and Paganism in Australia
10017:Foundation for Traditional Religions
9295:
9266:
9107:
9093:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 298â314.
8261:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 164â181.
8233:
8219:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 182â194.
7298:
5818:
5184:
4779:
4047:
3919:
3830:
3647:
3623:
3454:
3196:
2685:Roman Polytheistic Reconstructionism
626:. This is more commonly rendered as
9626:
9517:. St Paul: Llewellyn Publications.
9324:; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (eds.).
9137:
8770:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 495â502.
8552:(in German). Berlin: Logos Verlag.
8461:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2004) .
2438:in the mid-1980s, while the larger
2009:for their failure to fully embrace
1793:bookstores. Some Heathens practice
1753:chants and songs are influenced by
1666:in the practitioner, who goes on a
1236:, deeming him a baleful wight, his
1080:believed that it was the "strongly
782:
513:practitioners in the United Kingdom
24:
9388:
9132:
9074:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 58â75.
8843:. Durham: Acumen. pp. 62â71.
8438:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2003).
8154:Handbook of Contemporary Paganisms
8066:University of South Carolina Press
8002:Australian Religion Studies Review
2573:A Heathen baby naming ceremony in
2507:World Congress of Ethnic Religions
1839:, all of which were listed in his
1595:
1498:was at times applied to a form of
1433:
174:wisdom and advice from the deities
116:Heathenry does not have a unified
25:
10619:
10523:Modern Paganism in World Cultures
10257:
9011:Modern Paganism in World Cultures
8858:Schnurbein, Stefanie von (2016).
8108:Modern Paganism in World Cultures
2521:An Odinist wedding in Spain, 2010
2460:Verein fĂŒr germanisches Heidentum
2348:at her home in the U.S. state of
10315:Persuasions of the Witch's Craft
9536:. Nevada City: Runestone Press.
9498:. Pompton Plains: Career Press.
8788:Journal of Contemporary Religion
8768:Handbook of Nordic New Religions
8704:University of Pennsylvania Press
7846:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
7814:
7786:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
7761:
7744:Snook, Horrell & Horton 2017
7711:
7682:Berger, Leagh & Shaffer 2003
7552:Snook, Horrell & Horton 2017
7472:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
7448:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
7235:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6987:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6971:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6951:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6871:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6731:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6249:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6213:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6093:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6045:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
6009:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5973:Snook, Horrell & Horton 2017
5957:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5941:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5906:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5894:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5459:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5427:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5266:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
5032:
5009:
4932:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4912:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4876:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4829:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4813:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4776:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4728:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4449:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4398:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4321:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4293:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4281:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4174:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4162:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4064:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
4036:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3799:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3676:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3363:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3339:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3249:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
3081:Snook, Horrell & Horton 2017
2989:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2961:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2880:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2805:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2789:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2741:Strmiska & Sigurvinsson 2005
2593:The Pagan Census project led by
2554:
1873:
1772:Some Heathens practice forms of
190:vary and are rarely emphasized.
10478:Scarboro, Campbell and Stave's
9575:Futhark: Handbook of Rune Magic
9513:Lafayllve, Patricia M. (2013).
2607:Heathenry in the United Kingdom
2512:
2489:genre. From the mid-1990s, the
2040:, and absorbed influences from
1518:offerings in Gothenburg, Sweden
10511:Pearson, Roberts and Samuel's
9577:. Newburyport, Massachusetts:
7768:Office for National Statistics
7195:Trafford & Pluskowski 2007
5039:Millard, Lucy (18 June 2015).
2680:Polytheistic reconstructionism
2611:Modern paganism in Scandinavia
2561:Heathenry in the United States
2253:. Wiligut professed ancestral-
2052:. Many in the inner circle of
1946:, and the small red idol Thor.
1664:altered state of consciousness
1554:often takes place following a
1289:, or alternately sometimes as
669:, refer to their tradition as
565:contemporary Germanic Paganism
528:, which was adopted by Gothic
482:
158:altered state of consciousness
75:contemporary Germanic Paganism
13:
1:
10558:Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft
10450:Introduction to Pagan Studies
10324:Never Again the Burning Times
10073:Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism
8336:Journal of Religion in Europe
8319:10.1080/17432200.2016.1192152
8298:10.5325/preternature.3.2.0284
8290:10.5325/preternature.3.2.0284
8236:Introduction to Pagan Studies
8175:Calico, Jefferson F. (2018).
8110:. Santa Barbara, California:
2691:
2657:Russian Orthodox Christianity
1942:, the picture in front of it
1757:folk magical charms, such as
1269:carrying a statue of the god
323:, and more specifically as a
287:
172:, with the intent of gaining
10195:Platonism in the Renaissance
8064:. Columbia, South Carolina:
7976:(revised ed.). London:
7776:. Accessed 12 December 2012.
2696:
2509:upon its formation in 1998.
2389:, which was incorporated in
2156:Jewish roots of Christianity
1800:
1001:âis regarded as just one of
248:; practitioners focusing on
7:
9555:. New York: Citadel Press.
9327:Controversial New Religions
8597:(second ed.). London:
8234:Davy, Barbara Jane (2007).
2662:
2385:and James Chisholm founded
2315:Order of Woodcraft Chivalry
2301:(1930) and established the
2142:in German-speaking Europe.
1682:-practitioners make use of
1632:is debatable. Contemporary
865:from Scandinavian sources,
10:
10624:
10410:and theological approaches
10154:Writers on modern paganism
9532:McNallen, Stephen (2015).
9475:Krasskova, Galina (2005).
9349:Lindquist, Galina (1997).
9330:(1st ed.). New York:
9242:: Medieval, Pagan, Modern"
9236:Cusack, Carole M. (2013).
8698:Magliocco, Sabina (2004).
8415:Gardell, Matthias (2003).
7962:
7372:. The Norse Mythology Blog
2629:United Kingdom Census 2001
2604:
2558:
2440:Ă
satrufellesskapet Bifrost
2092:
2083:
1804:
1689:Not all Heathens practice
1082:millenarian and chiliastic
989:Heathens commonly adopt a
813:The historian of religion
777:
396:unverified personal gnosis
160:and visions, most notably
36:
29:
10574:
10533:
10502:
10460:
10407:
10363:
10301:
10265:
10162:
10116:
10025:
9787:
9776:
9713:
9687:
9634:
9551:Paxson, Diana L. (2007).
9479:. Wayne: New Page Books.
8801:10.1080/13537900500067752
8616:Horrell, Thad N. (2012).
8444:New York University Press
8369:10.1017/9781800101012.009
8348:10.1163/18748929-01003001
2803:, pp. 182, 185â186;
2600:
2307:"back to nature" movement
2223:Deutsche Glaubensbewegung
2146:considered the historian
1108:, ruled over by Odin, or
1096:, undergoes a process of
888:practitioners in the U.S.
302:Swedish Forn Sed Assembly
10475:(1979, 1986, 1996, 2006)
9884:Daco-Thracian (Romanian)
9114:Rowman & Littlefield
8919:Snook, Jennifer (2015).
8675:Kaplan, Jeffrey (1997).
8500:10.1163/156852711x577069
7995:AsbjĂžrn JĂžn, A. (1999).
5409:, pp. 169â170, 183.
2239:Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels
2158:, in 1900 the Germanist
2144:Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke
1329:, while priestesses are
319:classify Heathenry as a
58:, the hammer of the god
39:Odinism (disambiguation)
10603:Modern pagan traditions
10534:Academic, peer-reviewed
10461:Sociological approaches
10386:The Triumph of the Moon
10304:folkloristic approaches
9452:Jennings, Pete (1998).
9332:Oxford University Press
9310:10.1525/nr.2023.26.3.30
9240:Der Ring des Nibelungen
9219:10.1007/0-387-32216-7_4
9180:Sydney University Press
9034:McFarland & Company
9002:10.1558/pome.v9.i2.3921
8981:10.1525/nr.2000.4.1.106
8925:Temple University Press
8912:10.1525/nr.2013.16.3.52
8593:Harvey, Graham (2007).
8408:10.1525/nr.2016.20.2.59
8041:. New York and Oxford:
7970:Adler, Margot (2006) .
7615:Blain & Wallis 2009
6552:Poewe & Hexham 2005
5965:Blain & Wallis 2009
5854:Blain & Wallis 2009
5823:Blain & Wallis 2009
5799:Blain & Wallis 2009
5771:Blain & Wallis 2009
5723:Blain & Wallis 2009
5097:Blain & Wallis 2007
5085:Blain & Wallis 2007
4402:Blain & Wallis 2009
3177:Blain & Wallis 2009
2892:Blain & Wallis 2009
2675:Common Germanic deities
2398:Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson
2303:Anglecyn Church of Odin
2204:Rudolf von Sebottendorf
2118:Johann Gottfried Herder
2050:Jewish world conspiracy
1934:Altar for HaustblĂłt in
1779:Common Germanic Futhark
1124:A 2011 Heathen blĂłt in
985:Cosmology and afterlife
618:, which translates as "
573:North European Paganism
450:sociologist of religion
408:Afro-American religions
374:archaeological evidence
95:pre-Christian religions
10492:A Community of Witches
9726:German-speaking Europe
9458:Hodder & Stoughton
9435:Llewellyn Publications
9403:. Rochester, Vermont:
9108:York, Michael (1995).
8743:Pizza, Murphy (2014).
8357:Studies in Medievalism
8179:. Sheffield: Equinox.
2624:
2578:
2545:historical reenactment
2522:
2505:, and many joined the
2430:
2330:
2217:In 1933, the eclectic
2214:
2108:
1982:collective unconscious
1947:
1882:
1824:
1729:
1615:
1592:from Norse mythology.
1519:
1468:offerings are provided
1457:
1317:
1211:
1133:
1034:
910:
810:
754:, in reference to the
611:
585:Modern Nordic Paganism
583:societies. He favored
496:
433:
366:
321:new religious movement
312:
296:Outdoor altar to mark
250:Anglo-Saxon traditions
91:new religious movement
85:religion. Scholars of
63:
50:A modern replica of a
10514:Nature Religion Today
10472:Drawing Down the Moon
10364:Historical approaches
10278:Contemporary paganism
10217:Traditionalist School
10175:Witch-cult hypothesis
9688:Arts and institutions
8421:Duke University Press
8419:. Durham and London:
8135:Sussex Academic Press
8083:Blain, Jenny (2002).
8030:10.1558/pome.v10i1.41
7367:Seigfried, Karl E. H.
4400:, pp. 143, 145;
3674:, pp. 156, 267;
3638:, pp. 156, 267;
2622:
2605:Further information:
2572:
2559:Further information:
2520:
2428:
2410:Hilmar Ărn Hilmarsson
2406:Jormundur Ingi Hansen
2381:newsletter. In 1987,
2328:
2283:Tidsskriftet Ragnarok
2231:faith of Nazi Germany
2219:German Faith Movement
2212:
2106:
2003:political correctness
1933:
1878:
1814:
1727:
1701:, developed forms of
1658:typically involves a
1638:Neo-Shamanic movement
1609:
1513:
1444:
1311:
1201:
1188:socially conservative
1123:
1032:
1024:analytical psychology
908:
790:
601:
536:(Hellene, Greek) and
490:
424:
295:
54:pendant representing
49:
27:Modern Pagan religion
10598:Germanic neopaganism
10043:Church of All Worlds
9714:By country or region
9695:Festivals and events
9423:Gundarsson, Kveldulf
9259:10.11157/rsrr3-2-584
9182:. pp. 265â274.
8641:. pp. 126â127.
8160:. pp. 413â432.
8114:. pp. 181â208.
7770:, 11 December 2012,
7474:, pp. 155â156;
7446:, pp. 197â198;
7001:, pp. 199â200;
6973:, pp. 166â168;
6953:, pp. 166â168;
6913:, pp. 213â215;
6893:, pp. 206â213;
6865:, pp. 200â205;
6679:Goodrick-Clarke 2003
6673:, pp. 194â195;
6595:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6583:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6542:, pp. 134, 145.
6540:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6528:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6516:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6504:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6484:Goodrick-Clarke 2004
6420:Goodrick-Clarke 2003
6320:Goodrick-Clarke 2003
6175:, pp. 269â273;
5959:, pp. 134â135;
5669:, pp. 221â222;
5613:, pp. 113, 121.
5429:, pp. 129â130;
5425:, pp. 159â160;
5312:, pp. 194â195;
5264:, pp. 126â127;
3990:, pp. 174â175;
2807:, pp. 138â141;
2739:, pp. 183â184;
2299:The Odinist Religion
2184:Theosophical Society
2132:and the idea of the
2066:Order of Nine Angles
1562:commonly involves a
1357:, which is a wooden
979:ancestral veneration
569:Germanic Neopaganism
300:2010, set up by the
260:; those emphasising
234:Scandinavian sources
79:Germanic Neopaganism
10578:Pagan studies books
10397:Her Hidden Children
10302:Anthropological and
10292:Western esotericism
10139:LGBTQ+ and paganism
10080:Neopagan witchcraft
10048:Church of Aphrodite
9941:Peterburgian Vedism
9674:Western esotericism
9397:Flowers, Stephen E.
9281:10.1558/jsrnc.24148
9159:10.1558/jsrnc.24203
8599:Hurst & Company
7896:, pp. 304â305.
7810:on 8 December 2015.
7161:, pp. 528â229.
7149:, pp. 168â169.
7013:, pp. 250â252.
6989:, pp. 166â168.
6821:, pp. 167â168.
6597:, pp. 180â181.
6494:, pp. 521â522.
6398:, pp. 520â521.
6386:, pp. 320â321.
6374:, pp. 292â293.
6350:, pp. 196â197.
6338:, pp. 138â139.
6239:, pp. 273â274.
6143:, pp. 242â243.
6047:, pp. 134â135.
5963:, pp. 29â294;
5896:, pp. 131â132.
5884:, pp. 267â268.
5725:, pp. 426â427.
5545:, pp. 226â227.
5373:, pp. 316â317.
5228:, pp. 391â392.
4970:, pp. 112â113.
4742:, pp. 246â247.
4531:, pp. 116â117.
4188:, pp. 279â280.
4176:, pp. 142â143.
3950:, pp. 187â188.
3886:, pp. 288â289.
3437:, pp. 65, 75;
3095:, pp. 101â103.
2653:Slavic Native Faith
2565:Heathenry in Canada
2295:Alexander Rud Mills
2275:freedom of religion
2227:Jakob Wilhelm Hauer
2116:intellectuals like
1991:ethnic nationalists
1783:Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
1590:apple tree of IĂ°unn
1580:that took place in
1558:. In the U.S., the
1277:Rites and practices
1181:behaviour, while a
1116:Morality and ethics
746:, favored the term
740:Woden Folk-Religion
556:has its origins in
465:indigenous religion
439:Anglo-Saxon England
10419:Enchanted Feminism
10190:Nine Noble Virtues
9679:Western philosophy
9238:"Richard Wagner's
9036:. pp. 57â73.
8950:. pp. 43â64.
8948:Palgrave Macmillan
8832:10.1558/pome.30374
8578:. pp. 49â64.
8208:10.1558/pome.30714
8045:. pp. 43â63.
7826:Statistics Iceland
7009:, pp. 57â58;
7005:, pp. 46â47;
6869:, pp. 16â17;
6677:, pp. 77â78;
6657:, pp. 48â49;
6171:, pp. 80â82;
5811:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5795:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5557:, pp. 32â33;
5443:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5419:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5326:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5282:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5262:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5238:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
5028:on 8 October 2015.
4948:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4904:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4786:, pp. 22, 85.
4764:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4670:, pp. 73â74;
4408:, pp. 70â71;
4354:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4342:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4317:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
4086:, pp. 55â56;
3972:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
3908:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
3757:, pp. 95â96;
3654:, pp. 94â95;
3608:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
3135:, pp. 65â66;
2949:Hunt-Anschutz 2002
2918:, pp. 74, 75.
2670:Celtic neopaganism
2625:
2579:
2523:
2436:University of Oslo
2431:
2346:Odinist Fellowship
2331:
2321:Modern development
2243:Karl Maria Wiligut
2215:
2154:. Criticising the
2113:German Romanticism
2109:
2048:at the hands of a
2030:National Socialism
1948:
1825:
1730:
1668:meditative journey
1616:
1520:
1458:
1318:
1263:same-sex marriages
1212:
1153:Nine Noble Virtues
1134:
1035:
911:
886:. Similarly, many
836:Jungian archetypes
811:
689:Northern Tradition
612:
521:, attested as the
497:
469:indigenous peoples
457:invented tradition
434:
364:texts such as the
362:Middle High German
313:
146:in which food and
97:adhered to by the
64:
10585:
10584:
10503:Interdisciplinary
10481:Living Witchcraft
10430:Gods of the Blood
10408:Religious studies
10225:
10224:
10112:
10111:
9895:Kemetic Orthodoxy
9856:Ossetian-Scythian
9841:Canarian (Berber)
9664:Reconstructionism
9588:978-0-87728-548-9
9562:978-0-8065-2708-6
9543:978-0-9720292-5-4
9524:978-0-7387-3387-6
9505:978-1-60163-034-6
9486:978-1-56414-791-2
9467:978-0-340-72082-0
9444:978-0-87542-260-2
9414:978-1-62055-405-0
9379:978-0-8065-2406-1
9360:978-91-7153-691-4
9341:978-0-19-515682-9
9228:978-0-387-32216-2
9189:978-1-920898-54-0
9123:978-0-8476-8001-6
9100:978-1-84465-662-2
9081:978-1-84465-646-2
9062:978-1-78238-646-9
9043:978-0-7864-2922-6
9020:978-1-85109-608-4
8957:978-1-137-57040-6
8934:978-1-4399-1097-9
8869:978-1-60846-737-2
8862:. Leiden: Brill.
8850:978-1-84465-662-2
8777:978-90-04-29244-4
8758:978-1-4094-4283-7
8735:978-0-8065-2406-1
8713:978-0-8122-1879-4
8690:978-0-8156-0396-2
8667:978-0-7914-2890-0
8648:978-0-8065-2406-1
8608:978-1-85065-272-4
8585:978-0-7225-3233-1
8559:978-3-8325-2106-6
8537:978-1-78238-646-9
8518:978-91-89116-81-8
8476:978-1-86064-973-8
8453:978-0-8147-3155-0
8430:978-0-8223-3071-4
8378:978-1-80010-101-2
8307:Material Religion
8268:978-1-84465-662-2
8249:978-0-7591-0819-6
8226:978-1-84465-662-2
8186:978-1-78179-223-0
8167:978-90-04-16373-7
8144:978-1-84519-130-6
8121:978-1-85109-608-4
8098:978-0-415-25651-3
8075:978-1-57003-488-6
8052:978-1-78238-646-9
7987:978-0-14-303819-1
7872:, pp. 72â73.
7860:, pp. 47â48.
7633:, pp. 37â38.
7530:, pp. 94â95.
7313:, pp. 80â81.
7285:, pp. 78â79.
7173:, pp. 59â60.
7125:, pp. 75â76.
7113:, pp. 74â75.
7085:, pp. 49â50.
7057:, pp. 70â71.
6961:, pp. 59â61.
6921:, pp. 72â73.
6881:, pp. 58â59.
6685:, pp. 45â46.
6621:, pp. 48â49.
6570:, pp. 46â47.
6558:, pp. 45â46.
6462:, pp. 38â40.
6283:, pp. 69â70.
6159:, pp. 66â67.
5709:, pp. 61â62.
5521:, pp. 47â50.
5167:, pp. 22â23.
5051:on 3 October 2015
5045:Newark Advertiser
4894:, pp. 96â97.
4579:, pp. 18â19.
4567:, pp. 83â84.
4436:, pp. 98â99.
4240:, pp. 58â59.
3586:, pp. 93â94.
3381:, pp. 44â45.
2633:England and Wales
2289:and the composer
2164:Ludwig Fahrenkrog
2140:Völkisch movement
2046:facing extinction
2011:white supremacism
1999:racial separatism
1860:Wheel of the Year
1394:White Horse Stone
1323:are often termed
1183:gendered division
1179:hypermasculinized
1144:and believe that
1074:coming apocalypse
961:household deities
325:reconstructionist
317:religious studies
262:German traditions
223:white supremacist
124:, centering on a
120:but is typically
107:Early Middle Ages
89:classify it as a
87:religious studies
32:Germanic paganism
16:(Redirected from
10615:
10353:Witching Culture
10252:
10245:
10238:
10229:
10228:
10163:Related articles
10068:Pagan Federation
10058:Goddess movement
10038:Christo-Paganism
9928:Rodnovery (list)
9785:
9784:
9621:
9614:
9607:
9598:
9597:
9592:
9579:Red Wheel/Weiser
9566:
9547:
9528:
9509:
9490:
9471:
9448:
9432:
9418:
9405:Inner Traditions
9383:
9364:
9345:
9318:Gardell, Mattias
9313:
9292:
9263:
9261:
9232:
9204:
9193:
9170:
9138:Academic studies
9127:
9104:
9085:
9066:
9047:
9024:
9005:
8984:
8961:
8938:
8923:. Philadelphia:
8915:
8892:
8873:
8854:
8835:
8812:
8781:
8762:
8739:
8717:
8702:. Philadelphia:
8694:
8682:
8671:
8652:
8629:
8612:
8589:
8563:
8541:
8522:
8503:
8480:
8457:
8434:
8411:
8390:
8351:
8330:
8301:
8272:
8253:
8230:
8211:
8190:
8171:
8148:
8125:
8102:
8079:
8056:
8033:
8010:
7991:
7957:
7951:
7945:
7939:
7933:
7927:
7921:
7915:
7909:
7903:
7897:
7891:
7885:
7879:
7873:
7867:
7861:
7855:
7849:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7832:
7818:
7812:
7811:
7806:. Archived from
7795:
7789:
7783:
7777:
7765:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7741:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7730:
7715:
7709:
7703:
7697:
7691:
7685:
7679:
7670:
7664:
7658:
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7628:
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7594:
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7576:
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7555:
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7531:
7525:
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7406:
7400:
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7388:
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7377:
7363:
7354:
7344:
7338:
7332:
7326:
7320:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7292:
7286:
7280:
7274:
7268:
7262:
7252:
7246:
7228:
7222:
7216:
7210:
7204:
7198:
7192:
7186:
7180:
7174:
7168:
7162:
7156:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7126:
7120:
7114:
7108:
7102:
7092:
7086:
7080:
7074:
7064:
7058:
7052:
7046:
7036:
7030:
7027:Doyle White 2017
7020:
7014:
7011:Doyle White 2017
6996:
6990:
6984:
6978:
6968:
6962:
6944:
6938:
6928:
6922:
6908:
6902:
6888:
6882:
6860:
6854:
6844:
6838:
6828:
6822:
6816:
6810:
6796:
6790:
6784:
6778:
6772:
6766:
6756:
6750:
6728:
6722:
6716:
6710:
6707:AsbjĂžrn JĂžn 1999
6704:
6698:
6695:AsbjĂžrn JĂžn 1999
6692:
6686:
6675:AsbjĂžrn JĂžn 1999
6668:
6662:
6652:
6646:
6640:
6634:
6628:
6622:
6616:
6610:
6604:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6571:
6565:
6559:
6549:
6543:
6537:
6531:
6525:
6519:
6513:
6507:
6501:
6495:
6481:
6475:
6469:
6463:
6457:
6451:
6445:
6439:
6429:
6423:
6417:
6411:
6405:
6399:
6393:
6387:
6381:
6375:
6369:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6345:
6339:
6336:Doyle White 2021
6329:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6308:Doyle White 2021
6305:
6299:
6293:
6284:
6278:
6272:
6269:Doyle White 2017
6262:
6256:
6246:
6240:
6234:
6228:
6222:
6216:
6210:
6204:
6198:
6192:
6186:
6180:
6166:
6160:
6150:
6144:
6141:Doyle White 2017
6138:
6132:
6129:Doyle White 2017
6126:
6120:
6114:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6082:
6076:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6048:
6042:
6036:
6030:
6024:
6018:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5994:
5988:
5982:
5976:
5954:
5948:
5930:
5924:
5918:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5891:
5885:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5857:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5826:
5808:
5802:
5792:
5786:
5780:
5774:
5764:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5732:
5726:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5664:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5632:
5626:
5620:
5614:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5575:VelkoborskĂĄ 2015
5568:
5562:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5456:
5450:
5440:
5434:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5339:
5333:
5323:
5317:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5279:
5273:
5259:
5253:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5192:
5191:, pp. 9â10.
5174:
5168:
5158:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5134:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5113:Doyle White 2017
5109:Doyle White 2016
5106:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5082:
5076:
5070:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5047:. Archived from
5036:
5030:
5029:
5024:. Archived from
5022:Iceland Magazine
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4977:
4971:
4965:
4959:
4945:
4939:
4934:, pp. 132;
4929:
4923:
4914:, pp. 132;
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4869:
4863:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4832:
4826:
4820:
4810:
4804:
4798:
4787:
4761:
4755:
4749:
4743:
4737:
4731:
4721:
4715:
4709:
4703:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4637:
4631:
4625:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4486:
4480:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4422:Doyle White 2017
4419:
4413:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4324:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4241:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4150:
4144:
4135:
4125:
4119:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4077:
4071:
4061:
4055:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4001:
3995:
3985:
3979:
3969:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3939:
3929:
3923:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3812:
3806:
3788:
3782:
3768:
3762:
3748:
3742:
3739:VelkoborskĂĄ 2015
3736:
3730:
3724:
3715:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3665:
3659:
3633:
3627:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3560:Doyle White 2017
3553:
3547:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3514:
3511:Doyle White 2017
3508:
3502:
3492:
3486:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3448:
3442:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3256:
3242:
3236:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3186:
3180:
3162:
3156:
3146:
3140:
3137:Doyle White 2017
3130:
3124:
3121:Doyle White 2017
3119:, pp. 8â9;
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
3001:Doyle White 2014
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2909:
2903:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2765:Doyle White 2017
2762:
2756:
2734:
2728:
2725:Doyle White 2017
2721:VelkoborskĂĄ 2015
2706:
2637:Pagan Federation
2588:blue collar jobs
2577:, Canada in 2010
2575:British Columbia
2419:Odin Brotherhood
2358:Stephen McNallen
2344:established the
2342:Else Christensen
2297:, who published
2251:Heinrich Himmler
2188:Reichshammerbund
2152:Ein Kampf un Rom
1995:multiculturalism
1986:Stephen McNallen
1966:African American
1922:religion of the
1900:social construct
1890:The question of
1886:
1807:Heathen holidays
1766:Nine Herbs Charm
1711:sado-masochistic
1500:animal sacrifice
1413:rites of passage
1386:Rollright Stones
1339:secret societies
1171:Ten Commandments
964:elves, dwarves,
783:Gods and spirits
412:Christianization
400:ethnic religions
371:
99:Germanic peoples
21:
10623:
10622:
10618:
10617:
10616:
10614:
10613:
10612:
10588:
10587:
10586:
10581:
10570:
10551:The Pomegranate
10535:
10529:
10504:
10498:
10456:
10409:
10403:
10359:
10303:
10297:
10285:Nature religion
10261:
10256:
10226:
10221:
10158:
10129:Crypto-paganism
10108:
10021:
9772:
9709:
9683:
9647:Nature religion
9630:
9628:Modern paganism
9625:
9595:
9589:
9571:Thorsson, Edred
9563:
9544:
9525:
9506:
9487:
9468:
9445:
9415:
9391:
9389:Primary sources
9386:
9380:
9361:
9342:
9322:Lewis, James R.
9229:
9190:
9140:
9135:
9133:Further reading
9130:
9124:
9101:
9082:
9063:
9044:
9021:
8958:
8935:
8889:
8870:
8851:
8778:
8759:
8736:
8714:
8691:
8668:
8649:
8609:
8586:
8560:
8538:
8519:
8477:
8454:
8431:
8379:
8269:
8250:
8227:
8187:
8168:
8145:
8122:
8099:
8076:
8053:
7988:
7965:
7960:
7952:
7948:
7942:Shnirelman 2013
7940:
7936:
7928:
7924:
7916:
7912:
7904:
7900:
7892:
7888:
7880:
7876:
7868:
7864:
7856:
7852:
7844:
7840:
7830:
7828:
7820:
7819:
7815:
7796:
7792:
7784:
7780:
7766:
7762:
7754:
7750:
7742:
7738:
7728:
7726:
7717:
7716:
7712:
7704:
7700:
7692:
7688:
7680:
7673:
7665:
7661:
7653:
7649:
7641:
7637:
7629:
7625:
7617:, p. 416;
7613:
7609:
7603:Schnurbein 2016
7601:
7597:
7589:
7585:
7577:
7573:
7567:Schnurbein 2016
7565:
7558:
7550:
7546:
7538:
7534:
7526:
7522:
7514:
7510:
7502:
7498:
7492:Schnurbein 2016
7486:
7482:
7470:, p. 198;
7466:
7462:
7456:Schnurbein 2016
7450:, p. 147;
7442:
7438:
7430:
7426:
7418:
7409:
7403:Schnurbein 2016
7401:
7397:
7391:Schnurbein 2016
7389:
7385:
7375:
7373:
7364:
7357:
7345:
7341:
7333:
7329:
7321:
7317:
7309:
7305:
7297:, p. 155;
7293:
7289:
7283:Schnurbein 2016
7281:
7277:
7269:
7265:
7259:Schnurbein 2016
7257:, p. 324;
7253:
7249:
7243:Schnurbein 2016
7237:, p. 133;
7233:, p. 191;
7229:
7225:
7217:
7213:
7205:
7201:
7193:
7189:
7181:
7177:
7169:
7165:
7157:
7153:
7145:
7141:
7133:
7129:
7123:Schnurbein 2016
7121:
7117:
7111:Schnurbein 2016
7109:
7105:
7099:Schnurbein 2016
7093:
7089:
7081:
7077:
7071:Schnurbein 2016
7065:
7061:
7053:
7049:
7043:Schnurbein 2016
7037:
7033:
7021:
7017:
7007:Schnurbein 2016
6997:
6993:
6985:
6981:
6975:Schnurbein 2016
6969:
6965:
6959:Schnurbein 2016
6949:, p. 112;
6945:
6941:
6935:Schnurbein 2016
6933:, p. 108;
6929:
6925:
6919:Schnurbein 2016
6909:
6905:
6899:Schnurbein 2016
6889:
6885:
6879:Schnurbein 2016
6877:, p. 286;
6873:, p. 128;
6861:
6857:
6849:, p. 226;
6845:
6841:
6833:, p. 171;
6829:
6825:
6817:
6813:
6807:Schnurbein 2016
6801:, p. 165;
6797:
6793:
6785:
6781:
6775:Schnurbein 2016
6773:
6769:
6763:Schnurbein 2016
6757:
6753:
6747:Schnurbein 2016
6737:, p. 286;
6733:, p. 127;
6729:
6725:
6717:
6713:
6705:
6701:
6693:
6689:
6681:, p. 259;
6669:
6665:
6659:Schnurbein 2016
6653:
6649:
6641:
6637:
6631:Schnurbein 2016
6629:
6625:
6619:Schnurbein 2016
6617:
6613:
6607:Schnurbein 2016
6605:
6601:
6593:
6589:
6581:
6574:
6568:Schnurbein 2016
6566:
6562:
6556:Schnurbein 2016
6554:, p. 195;
6550:
6546:
6538:
6534:
6526:
6522:
6514:
6510:
6502:
6498:
6490:, p. 390;
6482:
6478:
6472:Schnurbein 2016
6470:
6466:
6460:Schnurbein 2016
6458:
6454:
6448:Schnurbein 2016
6446:
6442:
6436:Schnurbein 2016
6434:, p. 521;
6430:
6426:
6422:, pp. 265.
6418:
6414:
6408:Schnurbein 2016
6406:
6402:
6394:
6390:
6382:
6378:
6370:
6366:
6358:
6354:
6346:
6342:
6330:
6326:
6318:
6314:
6306:
6302:
6294:
6287:
6279:
6275:
6267:, p. 165;
6263:
6259:
6253:Schnurbein 2016
6251:, p. 136;
6247:
6243:
6235:
6231:
6223:
6219:
6211:
6207:
6199:
6195:
6187:
6183:
6177:Schnurbein 2016
6167:
6163:
6151:
6147:
6139:
6135:
6127:
6123:
6115:
6111:
6103:
6099:
6091:, p. 164;
6087:, p. 224;
6083:
6079:
6067:
6063:
6055:
6051:
6043:
6039:
6035:, pp. 6â7.
6033:Schnurbein 2016
6031:
6027:
6019:
6015:
6007:
6003:
5997:Schnurbein 2016
5995:
5991:
5983:
5979:
5971:, p. 128;
5969:Schnurbein 2016
5967:, p. 422;
5955:
5951:
5943:, p. 134;
5939:, p. 153;
5935:, p. 202;
5931:
5927:
5919:
5912:
5904:
5900:
5892:
5888:
5876:
5872:
5864:
5860:
5848:
5844:
5836:
5829:
5821:, p. 159;
5813:, p. 127;
5809:
5805:
5797:, p. 127;
5793:
5789:
5781:
5777:
5769:, p. 196;
5765:
5761:
5753:
5749:
5737:, p. 196;
5733:
5729:
5721:, p. 196;
5717:
5713:
5705:
5701:
5693:
5689:
5681:
5677:
5671:Schnurbein 2016
5665:
5661:
5653:
5649:
5643:Schnurbein 2016
5641:, p. 137;
5633:
5629:
5621:
5617:
5611:Schnurbein 2016
5605:, p. 206;
5597:
5593:
5585:
5581:
5569:
5565:
5553:
5549:
5541:
5537:
5529:
5525:
5517:
5513:
5505:
5501:
5489:
5485:
5477:
5473:
5465:, p. 291;
5461:, p. 129;
5457:
5453:
5445:, p. 127;
5441:
5437:
5421:, p. 127;
5417:
5413:
5405:
5401:
5393:
5389:
5381:
5377:
5369:
5365:
5357:
5353:
5343:ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°
5340:
5336:
5328:, p. 126;
5324:
5320:
5314:Schnurbein 2016
5308:
5304:
5296:
5292:
5286:Schnurbein 2016
5284:, p. 126;
5280:
5276:
5268:, p. 130;
5260:
5256:
5250:Schnurbein 2016
5248:, p. 294;
5244:, p. 194;
5240:, p. 126;
5236:
5232:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5195:
5187:, p. 159;
5175:
5171:
5159:
5155:
5147:
5143:
5135:
5131:
5123:
5119:
5111:, p. 352;
5107:
5103:
5095:
5091:
5083:
5079:
5073:Schnurbein 2016
5071:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5037:
5033:
5014:
5010:
5004:Schnurbein 2016
5002:
4998:
4990:
4986:
4978:
4974:
4968:Schnurbein 2016
4966:
4962:
4956:Schnurbein 2016
4950:, p. 127;
4946:
4942:
4930:
4926:
4920:Schnurbein 2016
4910:, p. 158;
4906:, p. 127;
4902:
4898:
4890:
4886:
4878:, p. 131;
4874:, p. 157;
4870:
4866:
4858:, p. 193;
4854:
4850:
4842:
4835:
4827:
4823:
4815:, p. 131;
4811:
4807:
4799:
4790:
4782:, p. 159;
4778:, p. 131;
4774:, p. 191;
4770:, p. 157;
4766:, p. 127;
4762:
4758:
4752:Schnurbein 2016
4750:
4746:
4740:Schnurbein 2016
4738:
4734:
4726:, p. 224;
4722:
4718:
4710:
4706:
4700:Schnurbein 2016
4698:, p. 204;
4694:
4690:
4682:
4678:
4672:Schnurbein 2016
4666:
4662:
4654:
4650:
4644:Schnurbein 2016
4642:, p. 205;
4638:
4634:
4626:
4615:
4609:Schnurbein 2016
4607:
4603:
4597:Schnurbein 2016
4591:, p. 205;
4587:
4583:
4575:
4571:
4563:
4559:
4551:
4547:
4539:
4535:
4527:
4523:
4515:
4511:
4503:
4499:
4487:
4483:
4471:
4467:
4459:
4455:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4428:
4420:
4416:
4404:, p. 424;
4396:, p. 157;
4392:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4368:
4364:
4358:Schnurbein 2016
4356:, p. 127;
4352:
4348:
4340:
4327:
4319:, p. 127;
4315:
4311:
4303:
4299:
4291:
4287:
4279:
4275:
4269:Schnurbein 2016
4267:, p. 161;
4263:
4259:
4251:
4244:
4236:, p. 161;
4232:
4228:
4220:
4216:
4208:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4184:
4180:
4172:
4168:
4160:
4153:
4145:
4138:
4126:
4122:
4116:Schnurbein 2016
4110:
4106:
4098:
4094:
4088:Schnurbein 2016
4082:, p. 190;
4078:
4074:
4066:, p. 143;
4062:
4058:
4052:Schnurbein 2016
4050:, p. 159;
4042:, p. 190;
4038:, p. 142;
4034:, p. 154;
4030:
4026:
4018:
4014:
4006:, p. 187;
4002:
3998:
3986:
3982:
3974:, p. 126;
3970:
3966:
3958:
3954:
3946:
3942:
3930:
3926:
3914:, p. 187;
3910:, p. 126;
3906:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3870:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3813:
3809:
3801:, p. 142;
3797:, p. 268;
3789:
3785:
3779:Schnurbein 2016
3773:, p. 268;
3769:
3765:
3755:Schnurbein 2016
3749:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3725:
3718:
3710:, p. 187;
3706:, p. 155;
3702:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3680:Schnurbein 2016
3678:, p. 143;
3666:
3662:
3652:Schnurbein 2016
3650:, p. 159;
3642:, p. 186;
3634:
3630:
3618:, p. 186;
3614:, p. 154;
3610:, p. 126;
3606:
3602:
3596:Schnurbein 2016
3594:
3590:
3584:Schnurbein 2016
3582:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3558:, p. 152;
3554:
3550:
3542:, p. 152;
3538:
3534:
3526:
3517:
3509:
3505:
3497:, p. 165;
3493:
3489:
3481:, p. 167;
3477:
3473:
3467:Schnurbein 2016
3465:
3461:
3453:, p. 182;
3449:
3445:
3439:Schnurbein 2016
3429:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3401:
3397:
3389:
3385:
3377:, p. 113;
3373:
3369:
3361:
3357:
3345:, p. 286;
3341:, p. 128;
3333:
3329:
3321:
3314:
3306:
3302:
3296:Schnurbein 2016
3294:
3290:
3284:Schnurbein 2016
3282:, p. 519;
3278:
3274:
3266:
3259:
3251:, p. 128;
3243:
3239:
3233:Schnurbein 2016
3231:, p. 181;
3223:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3199:, p. 158;
3187:
3183:
3175:, p. 181;
3163:
3159:
3147:
3143:
3131:
3127:
3115:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3067:, p. 145;
3059:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2977:Schnurbein 2016
2975:
2971:
2965:Schnurbein 2016
2963:, p. 137;
2959:
2955:
2947:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2914:, p. 185;
2910:
2906:
2894:, p. 414;
2890:
2886:
2878:
2874:
2866:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2823:
2815:, p. 252;
2813:Schnurbein 2016
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2743:, p. 138;
2735:
2731:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2665:
2617:
2603:
2595:Helen A. Berger
2567:
2557:
2515:
2383:Stephen Flowers
2375:ĂsatrĂș Alliance
2323:
2101:
2093:Main articles:
2091:
2086:
2042:Esoteric Nazism
1989:Heathens to be
1888:
1884:
1876:
1809:
1803:
1787:Younger Futhark
1705:which involved
1604:
1542:, also spelled
1505:ĂsatrĂșarfĂ©lagiĂ°
1439:
1420:northern Europe
1371:Nottinghamshire
1279:
1267:Stockholm Pride
1221:nature religion
1132:in Lund, Sweden
1118:
995:Norse cosmology
987:
815:Mattias Gardell
785:
780:
624:Norse mythology
485:
329:modern Paganism
290:
228:While the term
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10621:
10611:
10610:
10605:
10600:
10583:
10582:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10569:
10568:
10561:
10554:
10547:
10539:
10537:
10531:
10530:
10528:
10527:
10518:
10508:
10506:
10505:edited volumes
10500:
10499:
10497:
10496:
10485:
10476:
10464:
10462:
10458:
10457:
10455:
10454:
10445:
10441:Pagan Theology
10434:
10423:
10413:
10411:
10405:
10404:
10402:
10401:
10390:
10379:
10367:
10365:
10361:
10360:
10358:
10357:
10346:
10337:
10328:
10319:
10307:
10305:
10299:
10298:
10296:
10295:
10288:
10281:
10274:
10266:
10263:
10262:
10255:
10254:
10247:
10240:
10232:
10223:
10222:
10220:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10203:
10202:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10166:
10164:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10156:
10151:
10149:Technopaganism
10146:
10141:
10136:
10134:Discrimination
10131:
10126:
10120:
10118:
10114:
10113:
10110:
10109:
10107:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10076:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10029:
10027:
10023:
10022:
10020:
10019:
10008:
10007:
10002:
10001:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9965:
9964:
9963:
9956:Turko-Mongolic
9953:
9952:
9951:
9944:
9937:
9930:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9899:
9898:
9886:
9881:
9880:
9879:
9872:
9860:
9859:
9858:
9853:
9843:
9838:
9837:
9836:
9829:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9806:
9805:
9800:
9791:
9789:
9782:
9774:
9773:
9771:
9770:
9769:
9768:
9758:
9756:United Kingdom
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9717:
9715:
9711:
9710:
9708:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9691:
9689:
9685:
9684:
9682:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9660:
9659:
9649:
9644:
9638:
9636:
9632:
9631:
9624:
9623:
9616:
9609:
9601:
9594:
9593:
9587:
9567:
9561:
9548:
9542:
9529:
9523:
9510:
9504:
9491:
9485:
9472:
9466:
9449:
9443:
9419:
9413:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9384:
9378:
9365:
9359:
9346:
9340:
9314:
9293:
9275:(4): 453â475.
9264:
9252:(1): 329â352.
9233:
9227:
9194:
9188:
9171:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9128:
9122:
9105:
9099:
9086:
9080:
9067:
9061:
9048:
9042:
9025:
9019:
9006:
8996:(2): 154â189.
8985:
8975:(1): 106â132.
8962:
8956:
8939:
8933:
8916:
8893:
8888:978-0367440961
8887:
8874:
8868:
8855:
8849:
8836:
8813:
8795:(2): 195â215.
8782:
8776:
8763:
8757:
8740:
8734:
8718:
8712:
8695:
8689:
8672:
8666:
8653:
8647:
8630:
8613:
8607:
8590:
8584:
8572:Paganism Today
8568:Harvey, Graham
8564:
8558:
8542:
8536:
8523:
8517:
8504:
8494:(4): 514â544.
8481:
8475:
8458:
8452:
8435:
8429:
8412:
8391:
8377:
8352:
8342:(3): 241â273.
8331:
8313:(3): 346â372.
8302:
8284:(2): 284â310.
8273:
8267:
8254:
8248:
8231:
8225:
8212:
8191:
8185:
8172:
8166:
8149:
8143:
8133:. Eastbourne:
8126:
8120:
8103:
8097:
8080:
8074:
8057:
8051:
8034:
8011:
7992:
7986:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7958:
7946:
7934:
7930:Radulovic 2017
7922:
7920:, p. 188.
7910:
7908:, p. 305.
7898:
7886:
7882:Gregorius 2015
7874:
7870:Gregorius 2015
7862:
7850:
7848:, p. 174.
7838:
7813:
7790:
7788:, p. 168.
7778:
7760:
7748:
7736:
7725:on 29 May 2010
7710:
7708:, p. 108.
7698:
7686:
7671:
7669:, p. 199.
7659:
7657:, p. 198.
7647:
7635:
7623:
7621:, p. 235.
7607:
7605:, p. 296.
7595:
7583:
7571:
7556:
7544:
7532:
7520:
7518:, p. 498.
7508:
7496:
7490:, p. 49;
7480:
7460:
7454:, p. 49;
7436:
7424:
7407:
7405:, p. 216.
7395:
7383:
7355:
7349:, p. 78;
7339:
7337:, pp. 53.
7327:
7325:, p. 304.
7315:
7303:
7301:, p. 158.
7287:
7275:
7263:
7247:
7241:, p. 45;
7223:
7211:
7207:Weinstein 2013
7199:
7187:
7185:, p. 168.
7183:DostĂĄlovĂĄ 2013
7175:
7171:Weinstein 2013
7163:
7151:
7147:DostĂĄlovĂĄ 2013
7139:
7137:, p. 167.
7135:DostĂĄlovĂĄ 2013
7127:
7115:
7103:
7097:, p. 43;
7087:
7075:
7069:, p. 49;
7059:
7055:Gregorius 2015
7047:
7041:, p. 68;
7039:Gregorius 2015
7031:
7029:, p. 256.
7025:, p. 61;
7015:
6991:
6979:
6963:
6957:, p. 46;
6939:
6923:
6917:, p. 18;
6903:
6897:, p. 18;
6883:
6855:
6853:, p. 289.
6839:
6823:
6811:
6805:, p. 46;
6791:
6779:
6767:
6761:, p. 47;
6751:
6741:, p. 46;
6723:
6711:
6699:
6687:
6663:
6647:
6645:, p. 192.
6635:
6623:
6611:
6599:
6587:
6585:, p. 177.
6572:
6560:
6544:
6532:
6530:, p. 123.
6520:
6508:
6496:
6488:Gregorius 2006
6486:, p. 52;
6476:
6464:
6452:
6440:
6424:
6412:
6400:
6388:
6376:
6364:
6352:
6340:
6334:, p. 86;
6324:
6322:, p. 257.
6312:
6310:, p. 139.
6300:
6285:
6273:
6271:, p. 254.
6257:
6255:, p. 129.
6241:
6229:
6227:, p. 165.
6217:
6215:, p. 137.
6205:
6203:, p. 278.
6193:
6191:, p. 271.
6181:
6179:, p. 130.
6161:
6155:, p. 81;
6145:
6133:
6131:, p. 257.
6121:
6109:
6107:, p. 193.
6097:
6095:, p. 128.
6077:
6075:, p. 163.
6071:, p. 77;
6061:
6049:
6037:
6025:
6013:
6011:, p. 165.
6001:
5999:, p. 128.
5989:
5977:
5949:
5947:, p. 193.
5925:
5923:, p. 153.
5910:
5908:, p. 132.
5898:
5886:
5880:, p. 58;
5870:
5868:, p. 287.
5858:
5856:, p. 420.
5852:, p. 58;
5842:
5827:
5825:, p. 420.
5817:, p. 58;
5803:
5801:, p. 425.
5787:
5775:
5773:, p. 425.
5759:
5747:
5745:, p. 118.
5741:, p. 61;
5727:
5711:
5699:
5697:, p. 196.
5687:
5685:, p. 171.
5675:
5673:, p. 246.
5659:
5657:, p. 104.
5647:
5645:, p. 243.
5637:, p. 18;
5627:
5625:, p. 137.
5615:
5609:, p. 62;
5601:, p. 15;
5591:
5579:
5573:, p. 57;
5563:
5561:, p. 296.
5547:
5543:Magliocco 2004
5535:
5533:, p. 396.
5523:
5511:
5499:
5497:, p. 495.
5493:, p. 47;
5483:
5471:
5469:, p. 347.
5451:
5449:, p. 195.
5435:
5433:, p. 194.
5411:
5399:
5397:, p. 168.
5387:
5385:, p. 166.
5375:
5363:
5361:, p. 156.
5351:
5334:
5332:, p. 165.
5318:
5316:, p. 107.
5302:
5300:, p. 194.
5290:
5288:, p. 107.
5274:
5272:, p. 195.
5254:
5252:, p. 106.
5230:
5218:
5193:
5183:, p. 59;
5179:, p. 55;
5169:
5163:, p. 59;
5153:
5141:
5139:, p. 118.
5129:
5127:, p. 195.
5117:
5115:, p. 253.
5101:
5099:, p. 178.
5089:
5087:, p. 140.
5077:
5075:, p. 108.
5062:
5031:
5008:
5006:, p. 109.
4996:
4994:, p. 159.
4984:
4972:
4960:
4958:, p. 113.
4954:, p. 91;
4940:
4924:
4922:, p. 113.
4918:, p. 90;
4896:
4884:
4864:
4848:
4833:
4831:, p. 133.
4821:
4805:
4803:, p. 191.
4788:
4756:
4754:, p. 247.
4744:
4732:
4730:, p. 128.
4716:
4712:Gregorius 2015
4704:
4702:, p. 244.
4688:
4686:, p. 204.
4676:
4660:
4648:
4646:, p. 184.
4632:
4613:
4611:, p. 183.
4601:
4599:, p. 184.
4595:, p. 65;
4581:
4569:
4557:
4545:
4543:, p. 113.
4533:
4521:
4519:, p. 110.
4509:
4497:
4495:, p. 100.
4491:, p. 78;
4489:Gregorius 2015
4481:
4479:, p. 100.
4475:, p. 72;
4465:
4453:
4451:, p. 145.
4438:
4426:
4424:, p. 252.
4414:
4386:
4384:, p. 291.
4374:
4362:
4360:, p. 104.
4346:
4344:, p. 127.
4325:
4323:, p. 139.
4309:
4307:, p. 157.
4297:
4295:, p. 139.
4285:
4283:, p. 146.
4273:
4257:
4255:, p. 161.
4242:
4226:
4224:, p. 121.
4214:
4202:
4190:
4178:
4166:
4164:, p. 142.
4151:
4136:
4134:, p. 231.
4130:, p. 15;
4120:
4114:, p. 56;
4104:
4092:
4090:, p. 100.
4072:
4056:
4046:, p. 54;
4024:
4022:, p. 262.
4012:
4010:, p. 254.
3996:
3994:, p. 187.
3980:
3964:
3952:
3940:
3934:, p. 56;
3924:
3922:, p. 159.
3918:, p. 56;
3900:
3898:, p. 268.
3888:
3876:
3859:
3857:, p. 189.
3847:
3845:, p. 186.
3835:
3833:, p. 125.
3823:
3821:, p. 268.
3817:, p. 72;
3807:
3793:, p. 51;
3783:
3777:, p. 57;
3763:
3761:, p. 271.
3753:, p. 76;
3743:
3741:, p. 103.
3731:
3729:, p. 188.
3716:
3696:
3684:
3670:, p. 71;
3660:
3658:, p. 287.
3646:, p. 57;
3628:
3626:, p. 159.
3622:, p. 55;
3600:
3588:
3576:
3574:, p. 156.
3564:
3562:, p. 242.
3548:
3532:
3530:, p. 390.
3528:Gregorius 2006
3515:
3513:, p. 254.
3503:
3487:
3471:
3459:
3457:, p. 158.
3443:
3435:Gregorius 2015
3423:
3421:, p. 295.
3411:
3405:, p. 53;
3395:
3391:Gregorius 2015
3383:
3367:
3365:, p. 128.
3355:
3349:, p. 53;
3327:
3325:, p. 155.
3312:
3300:
3288:
3272:
3257:
3247:, p. 49;
3237:
3227:, p. 31;
3217:
3205:
3195:, p. 31;
3181:
3179:, p. 415.
3167:, p. 52;
3157:
3141:
3139:, p. 242.
3133:Gregorius 2015
3125:
3123:, p. 242.
3109:
3097:
3085:
3073:
3069:Gregorius 2015
3053:
3051:, p. 184.
3041:
3037:Gregorius 2015
3029:
3027:, p. 497.
3017:
3005:
3003:, p. 303.
2993:
2991:, p. 141.
2981:
2979:, p. 251.
2969:
2967:, p. 251.
2953:
2951:, p. 126.
2932:
2920:
2916:Gregorius 2015
2904:
2898:, p. 50;
2884:
2882:, p. 159.
2872:
2870:, p. 106.
2860:
2858:, p. 182.
2848:
2836:
2821:
2811:, p. 12;
2793:
2791:, p. 138.
2781:
2769:
2767:, p. 242.
2757:
2751:, p. 48;
2729:
2727:, p. 242.
2723:, p. 89;
2719:, p. 64;
2717:Gregorius 2015
2711:, p. 70;
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2602:
2599:
2556:
2553:
2514:
2511:
2496:Eastern Europe
2444:Forn Sed Norge
2402:Allsherjargodi
2322:
2319:
2176:Guido von List
2099:Viking revival
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2058:Fourteen Words
1957:Stephan Grundy
1877:
1875:
1872:
1805:Main article:
1802:
1799:
1699:Edred Thorsson
1628:" to describe
1603:
1594:
1438:
1432:
1278:
1275:
1238:gender-bending
1225:Channel Tunnel
1117:
1114:
1078:Jeffrey Kaplan
986:
983:
819:Guido von List
791:A detail from
784:
781:
779:
776:
709:Germanic Faith
697:Saxon Paganism
693:Norse Paganism
484:
481:
383:anthropologist
368:Nibelungenlied
354:texts such as
289:
286:
236:sometimes use
219:far right-wing
69:, also termed
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10620:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10595:
10593:
10580:
10579:
10573:
10567:
10566:
10562:
10560:
10559:
10555:
10553:
10552:
10548:
10546:
10545:
10541:
10540:
10538:
10532:
10525:
10524:
10519:
10516:
10515:
10510:
10509:
10507:
10501:
10494:
10493:
10489:
10486:
10483:
10482:
10477:
10474:
10473:
10469:
10466:
10465:
10463:
10459:
10452:
10451:
10446:
10443:
10442:
10438:
10435:
10432:
10431:
10427:
10424:
10421:
10420:
10416:Salomonsen's
10415:
10414:
10412:
10406:
10399:
10398:
10394:
10391:
10388:
10387:
10383:
10380:
10377:
10376:
10372:
10369:
10368:
10366:
10362:
10355:
10354:
10350:
10347:
10344:
10343:
10338:
10335:
10334:
10329:
10326:
10325:
10320:
10317:
10316:
10312:
10309:
10308:
10306:
10300:
10294:
10293:
10289:
10287:
10286:
10282:
10280:
10279:
10275:
10273:
10272:
10268:
10267:
10264:
10260:
10259:Pagan studies
10253:
10248:
10246:
10241:
10239:
10234:
10233:
10230:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10201:
10198:
10197:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10167:
10165:
10161:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10144:Pagan studies
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10121:
10119:
10115:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10089:Cochranianism
10087:
10085:
10081:
10078:
10077:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10030:
10028:
10024:
10018:
10014:
10010:
10009:
10006:
10003:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9970:
9969:
9966:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9957:
9954:
9950:
9949:
9945:
9943:
9942:
9938:
9936:
9935:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9925:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9897:
9896:
9892:
9891:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9878:
9877:
9873:
9871:
9870:
9866:
9865:
9864:
9861:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9848:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9835:
9834:
9830:
9828:
9827:
9823:
9822:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9786:
9783:
9780:
9775:
9767:
9764:
9763:
9762:
9761:United States
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9718:
9716:
9712:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9692:
9690:
9686:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9658:
9655:
9654:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9633:
9629:
9622:
9617:
9615:
9610:
9608:
9603:
9602:
9599:
9590:
9584:
9580:
9576:
9572:
9568:
9564:
9558:
9554:
9549:
9545:
9539:
9535:
9530:
9526:
9520:
9516:
9511:
9507:
9501:
9497:
9492:
9488:
9482:
9478:
9473:
9469:
9463:
9459:
9455:
9450:
9446:
9440:
9436:
9431:
9430:
9424:
9420:
9416:
9410:
9406:
9402:
9398:
9394:
9393:
9381:
9375:
9371:
9366:
9362:
9356:
9352:
9347:
9343:
9337:
9333:
9329:
9328:
9323:
9319:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9303:
9299:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9282:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9251:
9247:
9243:
9241:
9234:
9230:
9224:
9220:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9203:
9202:
9195:
9191:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9172:
9168:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9152:
9148:
9143:
9142:
9125:
9119:
9115:
9111:
9106:
9102:
9096:
9092:
9087:
9083:
9077:
9073:
9068:
9064:
9058:
9054:
9049:
9045:
9039:
9035:
9032:. Jefferson:
9031:
9026:
9022:
9016:
9012:
9007:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8991:
8986:
8982:
8978:
8974:
8970:
8969:
8963:
8959:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8940:
8936:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8900:
8894:
8890:
8884:
8880:
8875:
8871:
8865:
8861:
8856:
8852:
8846:
8842:
8837:
8833:
8829:
8825:
8821:
8820:
8814:
8810:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8790:
8789:
8783:
8779:
8773:
8769:
8764:
8760:
8754:
8750:
8746:
8741:
8737:
8731:
8727:
8723:
8722:Paxson, Diana
8719:
8715:
8709:
8705:
8701:
8696:
8692:
8686:
8681:
8680:
8673:
8669:
8663:
8659:
8654:
8650:
8644:
8640:
8639:Citadel Press
8636:
8631:
8627:
8623:
8619:
8614:
8610:
8604:
8600:
8596:
8591:
8587:
8581:
8577:
8573:
8569:
8565:
8561:
8555:
8551:
8547:
8546:GrĂŒnder, RenĂ©
8543:
8539:
8533:
8529:
8524:
8520:
8514:
8510:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8493:
8489:
8488:
8482:
8478:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8459:
8455:
8449:
8445:
8441:
8436:
8432:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8413:
8409:
8405:
8401:
8397:
8392:
8388:
8384:
8380:
8374:
8370:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8341:
8337:
8332:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8303:
8299:
8295:
8291:
8287:
8283:
8279:
8274:
8270:
8264:
8260:
8255:
8251:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8232:
8228:
8222:
8218:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8202:(1): 77â116.
8201:
8197:
8192:
8188:
8182:
8178:
8173:
8169:
8163:
8159:
8155:
8150:
8146:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8127:
8123:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8104:
8100:
8094:
8090:
8086:
8081:
8077:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8058:
8054:
8048:
8044:
8040:
8035:
8031:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8018:
8012:
8008:
8004:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7989:
7983:
7979:
7975:
7974:
7968:
7967:
7956:, p. 60.
7955:
7950:
7944:, p. 68.
7943:
7938:
7932:, p. 63.
7931:
7926:
7919:
7914:
7907:
7906:Witulski 2013
7902:
7895:
7894:Witulski 2013
7890:
7884:, p. 72.
7883:
7878:
7871:
7866:
7859:
7854:
7847:
7842:
7827:
7823:
7817:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7794:
7787:
7782:
7775:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7758:, p. 16.
7757:
7752:
7746:, p. 43.
7745:
7740:
7724:
7720:
7714:
7707:
7702:
7696:, p. 24.
7695:
7690:
7684:, p. 16.
7683:
7678:
7676:
7668:
7663:
7656:
7651:
7645:, p. 79.
7644:
7639:
7632:
7627:
7620:
7616:
7611:
7604:
7599:
7593:, p. 34.
7592:
7587:
7581:, p. 32.
7580:
7575:
7569:, p. 89.
7568:
7563:
7561:
7554:, p. 44.
7553:
7548:
7542:, p. 47.
7541:
7536:
7529:
7524:
7517:
7512:
7506:, p. 30.
7505:
7500:
7494:, p. 90.
7493:
7489:
7484:
7478:, p. 28.
7477:
7473:
7469:
7464:
7458:, p. 89.
7457:
7453:
7449:
7445:
7440:
7434:, p. 88.
7433:
7428:
7422:, p. 81.
7421:
7416:
7414:
7412:
7404:
7399:
7393:, p. 88.
7392:
7387:
7371:
7368:
7362:
7360:
7353:, p. 16.
7352:
7348:
7343:
7336:
7331:
7324:
7323:Witulski 2013
7319:
7312:
7307:
7300:
7296:
7295:Strmiska 2007
7291:
7284:
7279:
7273:, p. 92.
7272:
7267:
7261:, p. 73.
7260:
7256:
7251:
7245:, p. 63.
7244:
7240:
7236:
7232:
7227:
7221:, p. 24.
7220:
7215:
7209:, p. 60.
7208:
7203:
7197:, p. 63.
7196:
7191:
7184:
7179:
7172:
7167:
7160:
7159:Granholm 2011
7155:
7148:
7143:
7136:
7131:
7124:
7119:
7112:
7107:
7101:, p. 67.
7100:
7096:
7091:
7084:
7079:
7073:, p. 62.
7072:
7068:
7063:
7056:
7051:
7045:, p. 61.
7044:
7040:
7035:
7028:
7024:
7019:
7012:
7008:
7004:
7000:
6995:
6988:
6983:
6977:, p. 69.
6976:
6972:
6967:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6947:Strmiska 2000
6943:
6937:, p. 70.
6936:
6932:
6931:Strmiska 2000
6927:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6907:
6901:, p. 72.
6900:
6896:
6892:
6887:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6859:
6852:
6848:
6843:
6837:, p. 46.
6836:
6832:
6827:
6820:
6815:
6809:, p. 58.
6808:
6804:
6800:
6795:
6789:, p. 17.
6788:
6783:
6777:, p. 63.
6776:
6771:
6765:, p. 54.
6764:
6760:
6755:
6749:, p. 54.
6748:
6745:, p. 8;
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6727:
6721:, p. 60.
6720:
6715:
6709:, p. 78.
6708:
6703:
6697:, p. 77.
6696:
6691:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6667:
6661:, p. 47.
6660:
6656:
6651:
6644:
6639:
6633:, p. 51.
6632:
6627:
6620:
6615:
6609:, p. 48.
6608:
6603:
6596:
6591:
6584:
6579:
6577:
6569:
6564:
6557:
6553:
6548:
6541:
6536:
6529:
6524:
6518:, p. 52.
6517:
6512:
6506:, p. 49.
6505:
6500:
6493:
6492:Granholm 2011
6489:
6485:
6480:
6474:, p. 40.
6473:
6468:
6461:
6456:
6450:, p. 38.
6449:
6444:
6438:, p. 17.
6437:
6433:
6432:Granholm 2011
6428:
6421:
6416:
6410:, p. 17.
6409:
6404:
6397:
6396:Granholm 2011
6392:
6385:
6380:
6373:
6368:
6362:, p. 94.
6361:
6356:
6349:
6344:
6337:
6333:
6328:
6321:
6316:
6309:
6304:
6298:, p. 85.
6297:
6292:
6290:
6282:
6277:
6270:
6266:
6261:
6254:
6250:
6245:
6238:
6233:
6226:
6221:
6214:
6209:
6202:
6197:
6190:
6185:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6165:
6158:
6154:
6149:
6142:
6137:
6130:
6125:
6119:, p. 89.
6118:
6113:
6106:
6101:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6081:
6074:
6070:
6065:
6059:, p. 67.
6058:
6053:
6046:
6041:
6034:
6029:
6023:, p. 90.
6022:
6017:
6010:
6005:
5998:
5993:
5987:, p. 78.
5986:
5981:
5975:, p. 52.
5974:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5953:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5929:
5922:
5917:
5915:
5907:
5902:
5895:
5890:
5883:
5879:
5874:
5867:
5862:
5855:
5851:
5846:
5840:, p. 58.
5839:
5834:
5832:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5807:
5800:
5796:
5791:
5785:, p. 49.
5784:
5779:
5772:
5768:
5763:
5757:, p. 61.
5756:
5751:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5731:
5724:
5720:
5715:
5708:
5703:
5696:
5691:
5684:
5683:Strmiska 2007
5679:
5672:
5668:
5663:
5656:
5651:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5631:
5624:
5619:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5595:
5589:, p. 57.
5588:
5583:
5577:, p. 93.
5576:
5572:
5567:
5560:
5556:
5551:
5544:
5539:
5532:
5527:
5520:
5515:
5509:, p. 62.
5508:
5503:
5496:
5492:
5487:
5481:, p. 11.
5480:
5475:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5415:
5408:
5407:Strmiska 2007
5403:
5396:
5395:Strmiska 2007
5391:
5384:
5383:Strmiska 2007
5379:
5372:
5367:
5360:
5359:Strmiska 2007
5355:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5331:
5330:Strmiska 2007
5327:
5322:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5299:
5294:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5258:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5234:
5227:
5222:
5216:, p. 59.
5215:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5151:, p. 69.
5150:
5145:
5138:
5137:Strmiska 2000
5133:
5126:
5121:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5098:
5093:
5086:
5081:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5012:
5005:
5000:
4993:
4988:
4982:, p. 22.
4981:
4976:
4969:
4964:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4944:
4938:, p. 61.
4937:
4933:
4928:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4893:
4888:
4882:, p. 85.
4881:
4877:
4873:
4868:
4862:, p. 93.
4861:
4857:
4852:
4846:, p. 92.
4845:
4840:
4838:
4830:
4825:
4819:, p. 92.
4818:
4814:
4809:
4802:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4753:
4748:
4741:
4736:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4714:, p. 79.
4713:
4708:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4685:
4680:
4674:, p. 97.
4673:
4669:
4664:
4658:, p. 74.
4657:
4652:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4630:, p. 66.
4629:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4610:
4605:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4578:
4573:
4566:
4561:
4555:, p. 45.
4554:
4549:
4542:
4537:
4530:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4507:, p. 90.
4506:
4501:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4463:, p. 72.
4462:
4457:
4450:
4445:
4443:
4435:
4430:
4423:
4418:
4412:, p. 98.
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4383:
4378:
4372:, p. 70.
4371:
4366:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4343:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4306:
4301:
4294:
4289:
4282:
4277:
4271:, p. 99.
4270:
4266:
4261:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4223:
4222:Strmiska 2000
4218:
4212:, p. 57.
4211:
4206:
4200:, p. 69.
4199:
4194:
4187:
4182:
4175:
4170:
4163:
4158:
4156:
4149:, p. 64.
4148:
4143:
4141:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4118:, p. 99.
4117:
4113:
4108:
4102:, p. 55.
4101:
4096:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4070:, p. 57.
4069:
4065:
4060:
4054:, p. 98.
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4021:
4016:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3993:
3989:
3988:Strmiska 2007
3984:
3978:, p. 64.
3977:
3973:
3968:
3962:, p. 13.
3961:
3956:
3949:
3944:
3938:, p. 13.
3937:
3933:
3928:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3897:
3892:
3885:
3880:
3874:, p. 57.
3873:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3805:, p. 55.
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3781:, p. 95.
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3747:
3740:
3735:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3714:, p. 55.
3713:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3694:, p. 48.
3693:
3688:
3682:, p. 94.
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3598:, p. 94.
3597:
3592:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3568:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3546:, p. 45.
3545:
3541:
3536:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3512:
3507:
3501:, p. 53.
3500:
3496:
3491:
3485:, p. 53.
3484:
3480:
3479:Strmiska 2007
3475:
3468:
3463:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3441:, p. 10.
3440:
3436:
3433:, p. 5;
3432:
3427:
3420:
3415:
3409:, p. 53.
3408:
3404:
3399:
3393:, p. 65.
3392:
3387:
3380:
3376:
3375:Strmiska 2000
3371:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3337:, p. 5;
3336:
3331:
3324:
3323:Strmiska 2007
3319:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3298:, p. 11.
3297:
3292:
3285:
3281:
3280:Granholm 2011
3276:
3270:, p. 85.
3269:
3264:
3262:
3255:, p. 53.
3254:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3235:, p. 10.
3234:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3215:, p. 16.
3214:
3209:
3203:, p. 52.
3202:
3198:
3194:
3191:, p. 6;
3190:
3185:
3178:
3174:
3171:, p. 6;
3170:
3166:
3161:
3155:, p. 79.
3154:
3151:, p. 9;
3150:
3145:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3107:, p. 52.
3106:
3101:
3094:
3089:
3083:, p. 58.
3082:
3077:
3071:, p. 74.
3070:
3066:
3063:, p. 5;
3062:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3039:, p. 64.
3038:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3015:, p. 60.
3014:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2930:, p. 49.
2929:
2924:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2902:, p. 40.
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2868:Strmiska 2000
2864:
2857:
2852:
2846:, p. 53.
2845:
2840:
2834:, p. 66.
2833:
2828:
2826:
2819:, p. 39.
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2750:
2747:, p. 1;
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2715:, p. 2;
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2555:North America
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2528:Graham Harvey
2519:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:extreme metal
2476:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2287:Per Imerslund
2284:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:Irminenschaft
2256:
2252:
2248:
2247:Schutzstaffel
2244:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:Thule Society
2197:
2196:Germanenorden
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:Ernst Wachler
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2126:Wilhelm Grimm
2123:
2119:
2114:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:race traitors
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1874:Racial issues
1871:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1829:Winter Nights
1822:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1564:drinking horn
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1470:to the gods.
1469:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1402:Gamla Uppsala
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1246:homosexuality
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1204:Gamla Uppsala
1200:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:reincarnation
1095:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
982:
980:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
957:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
924:
920:
916:
907:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
808:
804:
800:
797:
794:
789:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:Varg Vikernes
749:
745:
744:Heathen Front
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
609:
605:
600:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:reappropriate
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
501:
494:
489:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
444:
440:
432:
428:
423:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
391:
389:
384:
379:
375:
370:
369:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:
343:
342:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
311:
310:VÀstergötland
307:
303:
299:
294:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
215:Germanic race
212:
208:
205:'s defeat in
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
10576:
10565:Nova Religio
10563:
10556:
10549:
10542:
10521:
10512:
10490:
10479:
10470:
10448:
10439:
10428:
10417:
10395:
10384:
10373:
10351:
10340:
10339:Greenwood's
10331:
10322:
10313:
10290:
10283:
10276:
10269:
10185:Neotribalism
10011:Interfaith:
9946:
9939:
9932:
9902:
9893:
9874:
9867:
9831:
9824:
9809:
9751:South Africa
9657:Neoshamanism
9574:
9552:
9533:
9514:
9495:
9476:
9453:
9428:
9400:
9369:
9350:
9326:
9304:(3): 30â51.
9301:
9297:
9272:
9268:
9249:
9245:
9239:
9200:
9175:
9150:
9146:
9109:
9090:
9071:
9052:
9029:
9010:
8993:
8989:
8972:
8966:
8946:. New York:
8943:
8920:
8906:(3): 52â76.
8903:
8897:
8878:
8859:
8840:
8826:(1): 47â76.
8823:
8817:
8792:
8786:
8767:
8744:
8725:
8699:
8678:
8657:
8637:. New York:
8634:
8625:
8621:
8594:
8571:
8549:
8527:
8508:
8491:
8485:
8467:Tauris Parke
8465:. New York:
8462:
8442:. New York:
8439:
8416:
8402:(2): 59â81.
8399:
8395:
8360:
8356:
8339:
8335:
8310:
8306:
8281:
8277:
8258:
8235:
8216:
8199:
8195:
8176:
8153:
8130:
8107:
8084:
8061:
8038:
8024:(1): 42â69.
8021:
8015:
8006:
8000:
7972:
7949:
7937:
7925:
7913:
7901:
7889:
7877:
7865:
7853:
7841:
7829:. Retrieved
7825:
7816:
7808:the original
7793:
7781:
7771:
7763:
7751:
7739:
7727:. Retrieved
7723:the original
7713:
7701:
7689:
7662:
7650:
7638:
7626:
7610:
7598:
7586:
7574:
7547:
7535:
7523:
7511:
7499:
7483:
7463:
7439:
7427:
7398:
7386:
7374:. Retrieved
7342:
7330:
7318:
7306:
7290:
7278:
7266:
7255:Gardell 2003
7250:
7226:
7214:
7202:
7190:
7178:
7166:
7154:
7142:
7130:
7118:
7106:
7090:
7078:
7062:
7050:
7034:
7018:
6994:
6982:
6966:
6942:
6926:
6906:
6886:
6858:
6842:
6831:Gardell 2003
6826:
6819:Gardell 2003
6814:
6799:Gardell 2003
6794:
6782:
6770:
6754:
6726:
6714:
6702:
6690:
6666:
6650:
6638:
6626:
6614:
6602:
6590:
6563:
6547:
6535:
6523:
6511:
6499:
6479:
6467:
6455:
6443:
6427:
6415:
6403:
6391:
6384:Gardell 2003
6379:
6372:Gardell 2003
6367:
6355:
6348:Gardell 2003
6343:
6327:
6315:
6303:
6276:
6265:Gardell 2003
6260:
6244:
6237:Gardell 2003
6232:
6225:Gardell 2003
6220:
6208:
6201:Gardell 2003
6196:
6189:Gardell 2003
6184:
6173:Gardell 2003
6164:
6148:
6136:
6124:
6112:
6100:
6089:Gardell 2003
6080:
6073:Gardell 2003
6064:
6052:
6040:
6028:
6016:
6004:
5992:
5980:
5952:
5937:Gardell 2003
5928:
5921:Gardell 2003
5901:
5889:
5873:
5861:
5845:
5806:
5790:
5778:
5762:
5750:
5730:
5714:
5702:
5690:
5678:
5662:
5650:
5630:
5618:
5594:
5582:
5566:
5550:
5538:
5526:
5514:
5502:
5486:
5474:
5454:
5438:
5423:Gardell 2003
5414:
5402:
5390:
5378:
5366:
5354:
5342:
5337:
5321:
5305:
5293:
5277:
5257:
5233:
5221:
5177:Gardell 2003
5172:
5156:
5144:
5132:
5120:
5104:
5092:
5080:
5053:. Retrieved
5049:the original
5044:
5034:
5026:the original
5021:
5011:
4999:
4992:Gardell 2003
4987:
4975:
4963:
4943:
4927:
4908:Gardell 2003
4899:
4887:
4872:Gardell 2003
4867:
4851:
4824:
4808:
4768:Gardell 2003
4759:
4747:
4735:
4719:
4707:
4691:
4679:
4663:
4651:
4635:
4604:
4584:
4572:
4560:
4548:
4536:
4524:
4512:
4500:
4484:
4468:
4456:
4429:
4417:
4394:Gardell 2003
4389:
4377:
4365:
4349:
4312:
4305:Gardell 2003
4300:
4288:
4276:
4265:Gardell 2003
4260:
4253:Gardell 2003
4234:Gardell 2003
4229:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4186:Gardell 2003
4181:
4169:
4123:
4107:
4095:
4075:
4059:
4032:Gardell 2003
4027:
4015:
3999:
3983:
3967:
3955:
3943:
3927:
3903:
3896:Gardell 2003
3891:
3879:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3819:Gardell 2003
3810:
3795:Gardell 2003
3786:
3771:Gardell 2003
3766:
3746:
3734:
3704:Gardell 2003
3699:
3687:
3672:Gardell 2003
3663:
3636:Gardell 2003
3631:
3612:Gardell 2003
3603:
3591:
3579:
3572:Gardell 2003
3567:
3556:Gardell 2003
3551:
3540:Gardell 2003
3535:
3506:
3495:Gardell 2003
3490:
3474:
3469:, p. 9.
3462:
3446:
3426:
3414:
3398:
3386:
3370:
3358:
3353:, p. 9.
3330:
3310:, p. 5.
3303:
3291:
3286:, p. 9.
3275:
3240:
3225:Gardell 2003
3220:
3213:GrĂŒnder 2008
3208:
3193:Gardell 2003
3184:
3160:
3144:
3128:
3112:
3100:
3088:
3076:
3061:Horrell 2012
3056:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2956:
2923:
2907:
2887:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2796:
2784:
2779:, p. 1.
2777:Horrell 2012
2772:
2760:
2755:, p. 9.
2745:Horrell 2012
2732:
2713:Gardell 2003
2704:
2649:
2645:
2626:
2592:
2584:white collar
2580:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2524:
2513:Demographics
2483:Viking metal
2468:
2456:
2432:
2417:
2401:
2395:
2378:
2373:founded the
2353:
2339:
2332:
2298:
2291:Geirr Tveitt
2282:
2280:
2271:West Germany
2267:World War II
2249:(SS) leader
2236:
2222:
2216:
2179:
2169:
2151:
2133:
2110:
2038:Nazi Germany
2034:Adolf Hitler
2025:
2021:
2017:
2015:
1971:
1949:
1936:Bohus-Björkö
1920:
1912:universalist
1911:
1907:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1867:
1864:
1857:
1841:Heimskringla
1840:
1826:
1816:
1771:
1764:
1758:
1750:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1718:
1714:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1679:
1675:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1600:
1596:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1528:Heimskringla
1527:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1446:
1434:
1417:
1410:
1390:Warwickshire
1378:stone circle
1363:Skagafjörður
1354:
1350:
1347:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1303:social media
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1230:
1213:
1175:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1135:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1067:
1056:
1042:
1036:
988:
954:
950:
936:
927:
912:
899:
895:
891:
844:
827:monotheistic
823:polytheistic
812:
767:
763:
759:
750:, coined by
747:
739:
735:
731:
727:
725:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:Heimskringla
682:
678:
674:
670:
662:
658:
656:
651:
631:
627:
615:
613:
589:Anglo-Saxons
584:
572:
568:
564:
562:
553:
549:
545:
537:
533:
525:
516:
508:
504:
502:
498:
492:
454:
435:
415:
392:
355:
345:
339:
333:
315:Scholars of
314:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
257:
253:
245:
241:
237:
229:
227:
207:World War II
203:Nazi Germany
192:
183:
178:
167:
161:
151:
141:
134:cosmological
132:. It adopts
122:polytheistic
115:
83:modern Pagan
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:
43:
10520:Strmiska's
10349:Magliocco's
10180:Hermeticism
9798:Ausar Auset
9777:Movements (
9746:Scandinavia
9433:. St Paul:
9209:. pp.
8747:. Farnham:
8363:: 129â156.
8009:(1): 77â83.
7954:Feraro 2016
7858:Amster 2015
7756:Calico 2018
7667:Kaplan 1996
7655:Kaplan 1996
7643:Cragle 2017
7631:Calico 2018
7619:Calico 2018
7591:Calico 2018
7579:Calico 2018
7540:Amster 2015
7528:Cragle 2017
7504:Calico 2018
7488:Amster 2015
7476:Calico 2018
7468:Kaplan 1996
7452:Amster 2015
7444:Kaplan 1996
7432:Cragle 2017
7420:Cragle 2017
7351:Calico 2018
7347:Cragle 2017
7335:Harvey 2007
7311:Cragle 2017
7271:Kaplan 1997
7239:Amster 2015
7219:Calico 2018
7095:Amster 2015
7083:Asprem 2008
7067:Asprem 2008
7023:Harvey 1995
7003:Asprem 2008
6999:Kaplan 1996
6955:Asprem 2008
6915:Paxson 2002
6911:Kaplan 1996
6895:Paxson 2002
6891:Kaplan 1996
6867:Paxson 2002
6863:Kaplan 1996
6847:Kaplan 1996
6835:Asprem 2008
6803:Asprem 2008
6787:Paxson 2002
6759:Asprem 2008
6739:Asprem 2008
6719:Harvey 2007
6683:Asprem 2008
6671:Kaplan 1996
6655:Asprem 2008
6360:Kaplan 1997
6332:Kaplan 1997
6296:Kaplan 1997
6281:Kaplan 1997
6169:Kaplan 1997
6157:Harvey 2007
6153:Kaplan 1997
6117:Cragle 2017
6085:Kaplan 1996
6069:Kaplan 1997
6057:Harvey 2007
6021:Cragle 2017
5985:Kaplan 1997
5933:Kaplan 1996
5878:Harvey 2007
5850:Harvey 2007
5838:Harvey 2007
5815:Harvey 2007
5783:Harvey 1995
5755:Harvey 2007
5743:Calico 2018
5739:Harvey 2007
5707:Harvey 2007
5667:Kaplan 1996
5655:Cragle 2017
5607:Harvey 2007
5507:Harvey 2007
5467:Calico 2018
5371:Calico 2018
5226:Calico 2018
5214:Harvey 2007
5181:Harvey 2007
5165:Calico 2018
5161:Harvey 2007
5149:Calico 2018
4936:Harvey 2007
4892:Cragle 2017
4724:Kaplan 1996
4628:Harvey 2007
4593:Harvey 2007
4565:Cragle 2017
4505:Calico 2018
4493:Cragle 2017
4477:Cragle 2017
4434:Cragle 2017
4410:Cragle 2017
4198:Kaplan 1997
4132:Calico 2018
4112:Harvey 2007
4100:Harvey 2007
4084:Harvey 2007
4068:Harvey 2007
4044:Harvey 2007
4020:Calico 2018
4008:Calico 2018
3932:Harvey 2007
3916:Harvey 2007
3884:Calico 2018
3872:Harvey 2007
3815:Kaplan 1997
3803:Harvey 2007
3791:Harvey 1995
3759:Calico 2018
3712:Harvey 2007
3692:Amster 2015
3668:Kaplan 1997
3656:Calico 2018
3644:Harvey 2007
3620:Harvey 2007
3544:Asprem 2008
3499:Harvey 2007
3419:Calico 2018
3407:Harvey 2007
3403:Harvey 1995
3379:Amster 2015
3347:Harvey 2007
3268:Cragle 2017
3253:Harvey 2007
3245:Harvey 1995
3165:Harvey 1995
3153:Cragle 2017
3105:Harvey 1995
3093:Cragle 2017
2900:Calico 2018
2832:Calico 2018
2817:Calico 2018
2709:Kaplan 1997
2641:2011 census
2475:Pagan metal
2471:black metal
2454:developed.
2414:Odinic Rite
2354:The Odinist
2255:clairvoyant
2202:founded by
2130:nationalism
2122:Jacob Grimm
2070:Black Order
1755:Anglo-Saxon
1684:entheogenic
1651:EirĂks saga
1586:apple juice
1375:Nine Ladies
1343:Freemasonry
1291:fellowships
1257:members of
1255:transgender
1250:LGBT rights
1163:Poetic Edda
1020:Brian Bates
1003:Nine Worlds
939:pantheistic
919:omnipresent
483:Terminology
477:imperialism
473:colonialism
416:Neo-Heathen
352:Old English
347:Poetic Edda
195:Romanticism
10608:Polytheism
10592:Categories
10311:Luhrmann's
10200:Burkhanism
10117:In society
10104:Stregheria
10099:Reclaiming
9635:Approaches
9456:. London:
9205:. Berlin:
9178:. Sydney:
9112:. Lanham:
8628:(1): 1â14.
8574:. London:
8238:. Lanham:
8156:. Leiden:
8087:. London:
7918:ÄrniÄ 2013
7706:Snook 2015
7694:Snook 2015
7516:Pizza 2015
7376:6 December
7231:Blain 2005
6875:Adler 2006
6851:Adler 2006
6743:Snook 2015
6735:Adler 2006
6643:Blain 2005
6105:Blain 2005
5961:Adler 2006
5945:Blain 2005
5882:Smith 2022
5866:Adler 2006
5767:Blain 2005
5735:Blain 2005
5719:Blain 2005
5695:Blain 2005
5639:Snook 2015
5635:Blain 2002
5623:Snook 2015
5603:Blain 2005
5599:Blain 2002
5587:Blain 2002
5571:Blain 2002
5559:Adler 2006
5555:Blain 2002
5531:Adler 2006
5519:Blain 2002
5495:Pizza 2015
5491:Pizza 2014
5479:Snook 2015
5463:Adler 2006
5447:Blain 2005
5431:Blain 2005
5310:Blain 2005
5298:Blain 2005
5270:Blain 2005
5246:Adler 2006
5242:Blain 2005
5189:Snook 2015
5125:Blain 2005
5055:26 October
4980:Snook 2015
4952:Snook 2015
4916:Snook 2015
4880:Snook 2015
4860:Snook 2015
4856:Blain 2005
4844:Snook 2015
4817:Snook 2015
4801:Blain 2005
4784:Snook 2015
4772:Blain 2005
4696:Blain 2005
4684:Blain 2005
4668:Snook 2015
4656:Snook 2015
4640:Blain 2005
4589:Blain 2005
4577:Snook 2015
4553:Snook 2015
4541:Snook 2015
4529:Snook 2015
4517:Snook 2015
4473:Snook 2015
4461:Snook 2015
4406:Snook 2015
4382:Adler 2006
4370:Snook 2015
4238:Snook 2015
4210:Snook 2015
4147:Snook 2015
4128:Blain 2002
4080:Blain 2005
4040:Blain 2005
4004:Blain 2005
3992:Blain 2005
3976:Snook 2015
3960:Snook 2015
3948:Blain 2005
3936:Snook 2015
3912:Blain 2005
3855:Blain 2005
3843:Blain 2005
3775:Snook 2015
3751:Snook 2015
3727:Blain 2005
3708:Blain 2005
3640:Blain 2005
3616:Blain 2005
3483:Snook 2013
3451:Blain 2005
3431:Blain 2002
3351:Snook 2015
3343:Adler 2006
3335:Blain 2002
3308:Blain 2002
3229:Blain 2005
3201:Snook 2013
3189:Blain 2002
3173:Blain 2005
3169:Blain 2002
3149:Snook 2015
3117:Snook 2015
3065:Snook 2015
3049:Blain 2005
3025:Pizza 2015
3013:Snook 2015
2928:Snook 2015
2912:Blain 2005
2896:Snook 2015
2856:Blain 2005
2844:Snook 2015
2809:Snook 2015
2801:Blain 2005
2753:Snook 2015
2749:Pizza 2014
2737:Blain 2005
2692:References
2531:globally.
2500:Lithuanian
2498:, such as
2448:Copenhagen
2367:California
2311:Kibbo Kift
2148:Felix Dahn
2078:Wotansvolk
2062:David Lane
1924:Aryan race
1902:rooted in
1821:Ăingvellir
1774:divination
1747:rune poems
1741:ceremony,
1709:utilizing
1437:and sumbel
1406:Ăingvellir
1392:, and the
1382:Derbyshire
1217:ecological
1126:Humlamaden
1110:SessrĂșmnir
1007:world tree
956:landvĂŠttir
915:omnipotent
879:Nehalennia
821:found the
608:Shropshire
604:The Wrekin
509:Heathenism
443:Viking Age
390:movement.
388:postmodern
341:Prose Edda
306:Gothenburg
288:Definition
71:Heathenism
52:Viking Age
10426:Gardell's
10393:Clifton's
10212:Theosophy
10170:Ariosophy
10124:Criticism
10063:Ivanovism
10026:Syncretic
9983:Hungarian
9810:Heathenry
9803:Godianism
9766:Minnesota
9721:Australia
9289:264390551
9167:264394549
8809:144202664
8387:233585102
8327:218836456
8089:Routledge
7831:1 January
7299:Davy 2007
5819:Davy 2007
5185:Davy 2007
4780:Davy 2007
4048:Davy 2007
3920:Davy 2007
3831:York 1995
3648:Davy 2007
3624:Davy 2007
3455:Davy 2007
3197:Davy 2007
2697:Citations
2452:Forn SiĂ°r
2387:The Troth
2363:neo-Nazis
2234:society.
2172:Ariosophy
2095:Ariosophy
2054:The Order
1916:racialist
1849:Midwinter
1823:, Iceland
1801:Festivals
1707:sex magic
1626:shamanism
1582:Minnesota
1259:The Troth
1161:from the
1049:free will
1011:Yggdrasil
991:cosmology
943:animistic
807:Stockholm
801:, in the
796:runestone
756:odal rune
675:Forn SiĂ°r
640:valkyries
610:, England
505:Heathenry
431:ReykjavĂk
427:ĂskjuhlĂĂ°
336:Old Norse
230:Heathenry
211:racialist
188:afterlife
148:libations
138:animistic
111:folkloric
67:Heathenry
10536:journals
10488:Berger's
10382:Hutton's
10371:Hutton's
10321:Orion's
10271:Paganism
9973:Estonian
9908:Hellenic
9903:Germanic
9889:Egyptian
9846:Caucasic
9826:Dievturi
9815:Armenian
9794:African
9642:Eclectic
9573:(1984).
9425:(1993).
9399:(2015).
9207:Springer
8576:Thorsons
8548:(2008).
8240:Altamira
8112:ABC-CLIO
8043:Berghahn
2663:See also
2526:scholar
2491:Internet
2464:Eldaring
2313:and the
2273:, where
2074:Satanism
2068:and the
2026:Wodenism
2022:Wotanism
1910:and the
1904:cultural
1896:heredity
1837:SigrblĂłt
1817:ĂingblĂłt
1763:and the
1612:JĂłlablĂłt
1480:libation
1451:Ăsterlen
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1053:fatalism
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