Odesa - Knowledge

4648: 2271: 5221: 12886: 12953: 4675: 5778: 5959: 5554: 4308: 1331: 2443: 1747: 5655: 1260: 1519: 4549:, the Neapolitan-born founder of Odesa and decorated Russian Navy Admiral from the Russo-Turkish War, is famous by its unique character and architecture. During the summer it is common to find large crowds of people leisurely sitting and talking on the outdoor terraces of numerous cafés, bars and restaurants, or simply enjoying a walk along the cobblestone street, which is not open to vehicular traffic and is kept shaded by the linden trees which line its route. A similar streetscape can also be found in that of Prymorsky Bulvar, a grand thoroughfare which runs along the edge of the plateau upon which the city is situated, and where many of the city's most imposing buildings are to be found. 2287: 1244: 1220: 6108: 4363: 1511: 2156: 1276: 5186: 4660: 2259: 2235: 932: 1109: 66: 1990: 898: 6803: 6609: 1185: 1161: 1121: 14784: 2247: 5056: 4710: 151: 5637:– this has aided the foundation of foreign companies' and corporations' Ukrainian divisions and allowed them to more easily invest in the Ukrainian manufacturing and service sectors. To date a number of Japanese and Chinese companies, as well as a host of European enterprises, have invested in the development of the free economic zone, to this end private investors in the city have invested a great deal of money into the provision of quality office real estate and modern manufacturing facilities such as warehouses and plant complexes. 6014: 1755: 5220: 4378:. The municipal council is made up of 120 elected members, who are each elected to represent a certain district of the city for a four-year term. The current council is the fifth in the city's modern history, and was elected in January 2011. In the regular meetings of the municipal council, problems facing the city are discussed, and annually the city's budget is drawn up. The council has seventeen standing commissions which play an important role in controlling the finances and trading practices of the city and its merchants. 6661: 4691: 2126: 5667: 184: 6531: 6139: 5244:, held annually on 1 April, is one of the most celebrated festivals in the city. Practical joking is a central theme throughout, and Odesans dress in unique, colorful attire to express their spontaneous and comedic selves. The tradition has been celebrated since the early 1970s, when the humor of Ukraine's citizens were drawn to television and the media, further developing into a mass festival. Large amounts of money are made from the festivities, supporting Odesa's local entertainers and shops. 117: 6427: 1300: 4794: 4086: 4872: 6006: 2418:. On 23 April 2022, Russian troops bombarded Odesa with cruise missiles. They destroyed both the city's military infrastructure and residential buildings, killing eight people and wounding another eighteen people. In addition, the Russian military destroyed more than 1,000 m of the territory of the cemetery. The city suffered further aerial attacks on regional infrastructure facilities in October 2022, cutting off power to 10,500 households and injuring three people. 2318: 2270: 5178: 4553:

The port, which includes an oil refinery, container handling facility, passenger area and numerous areas for handling dry cargo, is lucky in that its work does not depend on seasonal weather; the harbour itself is defended from the elements by breakwaters. The port is able to handle up to 14 million tons of cargo and about 24 million tons of oil products annually, whilst its passenger terminals can cater for around 4 million passengers a year at full capacity.

6751: 14113: 5538:. Rail transport is an important sector of the economy in Odesa – largely due to the role it plays in delivering goods and imports to and from the city's port. The Container Terminal Odesa (CTO) in the port is the largest container terminal in Ukraine. It has been operated by the Hamburg-based HHLA Group since 2001 and, in addition to containers, also handles bulk goods, general cargo and project cargo. This means that Odesa is networked with the ports of 1252: 1209: 1173: 6829: 6674: 2228:. Some of the Odesans had a more favourable view of the Romanian occupation, in contrast with the Soviet official view that the period was exclusively a time of hardship, deprivation, oppression and suffering – claims embodied in public monuments and disseminated through the media to this day. Subsequent Soviet policies imprisoned and executed numerous Odesans (and deported most of the German population) on account of collaboration with the occupiers. 6583: 6790: 6725: 6687: 6648: 6635: 6453: 6855: 6816: 6777: 6466: 103: 14772: 4418: 4600: 6764: 6570: 6505: 6492: 1312: 259: 6596: 1288: 2580: 127: 6842: 6622: 6440: 6414: 5596: 6868: 6738: 6544: 1686: 6557: 4647: 1931: 6479: 1232: 1197: 1149: 1133: 6700: 6518: 4967: 5853: 1743:)" after a Greek colony of Odessos that supposedly was located in the area. The first census that was conducted in Odesa was in 1797 which accounted for 3,455 people. Since 1795, the city had its own city magistrate, and since 1796 a city council of six members and the Odesa Commodity Exchange. In 1801, in Odesa had opened the first commercial bank. In 1803, the city accounted for 9,000 people. 2183:. Most of the atrocities were committed during the first six months of the occupation which officially began on 17 October 1941, when 80% of the 210,000 Jews in the region were killed, compared to Jews in Romania proper where the majority survived. After the Nazi forces began to lose ground on the Eastern Front, the Romanian administration changed its policy, refusing to deport the remaining 191: 158: 4615:, or Gorodskoy Sad, is perhaps the most famous of Odesa's gardens. Laid out in 1803 by Felix De Ribas (brother of the founder of Odesa, José de Ribas) on a plot of urban land he owned, the garden is located right in the heart of the city. When Felix decided that he was no longer able to provide enough money for the garden's upkeep, he decided to present it to the people of Odesa in 1806. 4448: 2553:

located in the south of Ukraine, the topography of the area surrounding the city is typically flat and there are no large mountains or hills for many kilometres around. Flora is of the deciduous variety and Odesa is known for its tree-lined avenues which, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, made the city a favourite year-round retreat for the Russian aristocracy.

1842:: "I mention this statue and this stairway because they have their story. Richelieu founded Odessa – watched over it with paternal care – labored with a fertile brain and a wise understanding for its best interests – spent his fortune freely to the same end – endowed it with a sound prosperity, and one which will yet make it one of the great cities of the Old World". 4674: 4506:, is a vast staircase that conjures an illusion so that those at the top only see a series of large steps, while at the bottom all the steps appear to merge into one pyramid-shaped mass. The original 200 steps (now reduced to 192) were designed by Italian architect Francesco Boffo and built between 1837 and 1841. The steps were made famous by 1719:, construction of Odesa was stopped, Franz de Voland was removed from the project, and José de Ribas was implicated in a plot to assassinate the Emperor. After Paul's assassination in 1801, the city resumed construction, and used a plan largely from de Voland's work. It was thus one of the few master planned cities in the Russian Empire. 4637:, the Alexander Column and municipal observatory. The Baryatinsky Bulvar is popular for its route, which starts at the park's gate before winding its way along the edge of the coastal plateau. There are a number of monuments and memorials in the park, one of which is dedicated to the park's namesake, the Ukrainian national poet 8031: 6067:, which runs between the city's Primorsky Bulvar and the sea terminal, has been in service since 1902. In 1998, after many years of neglect, the city decided to raise funds for a replacement track and cars. This project was delayed on multiple occasions but was finally completed eight years later in 2005. The 5526:

rivers, which provide good links to the hinterland. During the Soviet period (until 1991) the city functioned as the USSR's largest trading port; it continues in a similar role as independent Ukraine's busiest international port. The port complex contains an oil and gas transfer and storage facility,

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in the city. The average annual temperature of the sea is 13–14 °C (55–57 °F). Seasonal sea temperatures range from an average of 6 °C (43 °F) from January to March, to 23 °C (73 °F) in August. Typically, for a total of 4 months – from June to September – the average sea

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Industrial enterprises located in and around the city include those dedicated to fuel refinement, machine building, metallurgy, and other types of light industry such as food preparation, timber plants and chemical industry. Agriculture is a relatively important sector in the territories surrounding

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According to a sociological survey conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation from 10 to 21 July 2023 in Odesa Oblast, the share of respondents who speak Ukrainian at home has increased to 42% (from 26% in 2021), while the share of those who speak Russian at home has dropped to

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commemorated the uprising and included a scene where hundreds of Odesan citizens were murdered on the great stone staircase (now popularly known as the "Potemkin Steps"), in one of the most famous scenes in motion picture history. At the top of the steps, which lead down to the port, stands a statue

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In 1819, Odesa became a free port, a status it retained until 1859. Odesa became home to an extremely diverse population of Albanians, Armenians, Azeris, Bulgarians, Crimean Tatars, Frenchmen, Germans (including Mennonites), Greeks, Italians, Jews, Poles, Romanians, Russians, Turks, Ukrainians, and

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the official boundaries, and as a consequence, in the first third of the 19th century, Moldavanka emerged as the dominant settlement. After planning by the official architects who designed buildings in Odesa's central district, such as the Italians Francesco Carlo Boffo and Giovanni Torricelli (see

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In the period from 1795 to 1814, the population of Odesa increased 15 times over and reached almost 20 thousand people. The first city plan was designed by the engineer F. Devollan in the late 18th century. Colonists of various ethnicities settled mainly in the area of the former colony, outside of

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There are a number of public parks and gardens in Odesa, among these are the Preobrazhensky, Gorky and Victory parks, the latter of which is an arboretum. The city is also home to a university botanical garden, which recently celebrated its 200th anniversary, and a number of other smaller gardens.

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As one of the biggest on the Black Sea, Odesa's port is busy all year round. The Odesa Seaport is located on an artificial stretch of the Black Sea coast, along with the north-western part of the Gulf of Odesa. The total shoreline length of Odesa's seaport is around 7.23 kilometres (4.49 mi).

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near water. Also a potential danger to the infrastructure and architecture of the city is the presence of multiple openings underground. These cavities can cause buildings to collapse, resulting in a loss of money and business. Due to the effects of climate and weather on sedimentary rocks beneath

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The city currently covers a territory of 162.42 km (63 sq mi). The population density for which is around 6,139 persons/km. Sources of running water in the city include the Dniester River, from which water is taken and then purified at a processing plant just outside the city. Being

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between pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian protestors killed 42 people. Four were killed during the protests, and at least 32 trade unionists were killed after a trade union building was set on fire after Molotov cocktails exchange between sides. Polls conducted from September to December 2014 found no

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started on 5 August 1941 and lasted for 73 days. The defense was organized on three lines with emplacements consisting of trenches, anti-tank ditches and pillboxes. The first line was 80 kilometres (50 miles) long and situated some 25 to 30 kilometres (16 to 19 miles) from the city. The second and

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In 1887 one of the city's most well known architectural monuments was completed – the theatre, which still hosts a range of performances to this day; it is widely regarded as one of the world's finest opera houses. The first opera house was opened in 1810 and destroyed by fire in 1873. The modern

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These authors and comedians played a great role in establishing the "Odesa myth" in the Soviet Union. Odesans were and are viewed in the ethnic stereotype as sharp-witted, street-wise and eternally optimistic. These qualities are reflected in the "Odesa dialect", which borrows chiefly from the

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has also helped to create a booming tourist industry in Odesa. The city's Arkadia beach has long been a favourite place for relaxation, both for the city's inhabitants and its visitors. This is a large sandy beach which is located to the south of the city centre. Odesa's many sandy beaches are

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won the 1994 and 1998 Olympic gold medals as well as the 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 World Championships in ice dance. Both were born and raised in the city, though they skated at first for the Soviet Union, in the Unified Team, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and then Russia. Hennadiy

1708:. Some local historians consider that the settlement predates Odesa by about thirty years and assert that the locality was founded by Moldavians who came to build the fortress of Yeni Dunia for the Ottomans and eventually settled in the area in the late 1760s, right next to the settlement of 2648:

The city typically experiences dry, cold winters which are relatively mild when compared to most of Ukraine, as they are marked by temperatures that rarely fall below −10 °C (14 °F). Summers see an increased level of precipitation, and the city often experiences warm weather with

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The garden is home to a bandstand and is the traditional location for outdoor theater in the summertime. Numerous sculptures can also be found within the grounds, as well as a musical fountain, the waters of which are computer controlled to coordinate with the musical melody being played.

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With regard to primary and secondary education, Odesa has many schools catering for all ages from kindergarten through to lyceum (final secondary school level) age. Most of these schools are state-owned and operated, and all schools have to be state-accredited in order to teach children.

5169:, but unwittingly pointing out the flaws and absurdities of the Soviet regime. The Odesan Jew in the jokes always "came out clean" and was, in the end, a lovable character – unlike some of other jocular nation stereotypes such as The Chukcha, The Ukrainian, The Estonian or The American. 4765:

of numerous countries around the world. The South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University is also based in the city, this is one of the largest institutions for the preparation of educational specialists in Ukraine and is recognised as one of the country's finest of such universities.

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would be founded. However, they were all handicapped in various ways relative to how much commercial interest there was. For example, the latter two cities were situated in lowlands near marshes, which provided for poor sanitary conditions in the technology available at that time.

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University. Since then the university has developed to become one of modern Ukraine's leading research and teaching universities, with staff of around 1,800 and total of thirteen academic faculties. Other than the National University, the city is also home to the 1921-inaugurated

2314:, cities that offered even greater opportunities for career advancement, also occurred on a large scale. Despite this, the city grew rapidly by filling the void of those left with new migrants from rural Ukraine and industrial professionals invited from all over the Soviet Union. 8021: 1762:

In their settlement, also known as Novaya Slobodka, the Moldavians owned relatively small plots on which they built village-style houses and cultivated vineyards and gardens. What became Mykhailovsky Square was the center of this settlement and the site of its first

2568:, resulting in a typical change of landscape along the Black Sea. Due to the fluctuating slopes of land, city planners are responsible for monitoring the stability of such areas, and for preserving potentially threatened building and other structures of the city 1672:

fortress as the site for the region's basic port: it had an ice-free harbor, breakwaters could be cheaply constructed that would render the harbor safe and it would have the capacity to accommodate large fleets. The Namestnik of Yekaterinoslav and Voznesensk,

4630:. The park covers an area of around 700 by 900 metres (2,300 by 3,000 feet) and is located near the centre of the city, on the side closest to the sea. Within the park there are a variety of cultural and entertainment facilities, and wide pedestrian avenues. 5654: 2395:

said on 25 December that Odesa and Kharkiv had become "cities which are being used to escalate tensions" in Ukraine. Shkiryak said that he suspected that these cities were singled out because of their "geographic position". On 5 January 2015 the city's

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steam tramway line ran from Railway Station to Great Fontaine and the second one to Hadzhi Bey Liman. These routes were both operated by the same Belgian company. Electric tramway started to operate on 22 August 1907. Trams were imported from Germany.

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The city is situated on terraced hills overlooking a small harbor. The average elevation at which the city is located is around 50 metres (160 feet). The maximum is 65 metres (213 feet) and minimum (on the coast) amounts to 4.2 metres (13.8 feet)

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was located. The newly acquired Ochakov Oblast was promised to the Cossacks by the Russian government for resettlement. On permission of the Archbishop of Yekaterinoslav Amvrosiy, the Black Sea Kosh Host, that was located around the area between

5875:, a high quality multi-lane road which is set to be re-designated, after further reconstructive works, as an 'Avtomagistral' (motorway) in the near future. Other routes of national significance, passing through Odesa, include the M16 Highway to 4761:. The last of these institutions is a highly specialised and prestigious establishment for the preparation and training of merchant mariners which sees around 1,000 newly qualified officer cadets graduate each year and take up employment in the 2167:

on 16 October 1941, and it was henceforth subject to Romanian administration. By that time, the Soviet authorities had been able to evacuate 200,000 people as well as weaponry and industrial equipment. A day later, Odesa was made the capital of

1478:. Stable commercial activity in this region in practice in the past required both security through the overland routes, and knowledge of where products could go overseas. In antiquity, various Greek colonies had taken this role, followed by the 6082:, which is located to the south-west of the city centre, is served by a number of airlines. The airport is also often used by citizens of neighbouring countries for whom Odesa is the nearest large city and who can travel visa-free to Ukraine. 5982:, the cities of Ukraine and many other cities of the former USSR. The city's first railway station was opened in the 1880s. During the Second World War, the iconic building of the main station, which had long been considered to be one of the 899: 5354:(1879–1956) was born in Odesa. He composed over 135 works and was the founder of the Jewish National Conservatory in Jerusalem before immigrating to the U.S. where he became "an influential voice in the promotion of American Jewish music". 4186:

29%, Bulgarians 6.1%, Moldovans 5%, Gagauz 1.1%, Jews 0.6%, Belarusians 0.5%, Armenians 0.3%, Roma 0.2%, Poles, Germans, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Tartars, Greeks, Albanians and Arabs each 0.1%, and 1.9% were people of other nationalities.

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is one of the city's most important commercial streets, hosting many of the city's boutiques and higher-end shops. In addition to this there are a number of large commercial shopping centres in the city. The 19th-century shopping gallery

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cover is light to moderate due to the city's location on the northern coast of the Black Sea, and municipal services rarely experience problems that can often be found in other, more northern Ukrainian cities. The city hardly ever faces

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is a major commercial complex on the outskirts of the city where private traders now operate one of the largest market complexes in Eastern Europe. The market has roughly 6,000 traders and an estimated 150,000 customers per day.

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Since the middle of the 13th century the city's territory belonged to the Golden Horde domain. On Italian navigational maps of 14th century on the place of Odesa is indicated the castle of Ginestra, at the time the center of a

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claimed in his memoirs that the name was his suggestion. Some expressed doubts about this claim, while others noted the reputation of Gribovsky as an honest and modest man. Odesa is located between the ancient Greek cities of

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Many of Odesa's buildings have, rather uniquely for a Ukrainian city, been influenced by the Mediterranean style of classical architecture. This is particularly noticeable in buildings built by architects such as the Italian

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Papuci-Władyka, Ewdoksia, et al. "Greek settlement on the northern Black Sea coast: Polish-Ukrainian excavations in Koshary (Odessa province): third preliminary report: seasons 2000-2003." (2006), pp. 354, 355 (footnote 4),

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Odesa also has a well-developed system of inter-urban municipal roads and minor beltways. However, the city is still lacking an extra-urban bypass for transit traffic which does not wish to proceed through the city centre.

8673: 2636:. During the tsarist era, Odesa's climate was considered to be beneficial for the body, and thus many wealthy but sickly persons were sent to the city in order to relax and recuperate. This resulted in the development of 9275:"Âñåóêðà¿íñüêèé ïåðåïèñ íàñåëåííÿ 2001|Ðóññêàÿ âåðñèÿ|Ðåçóëüòàòû|×èñëåííîñòü è òåððèòîðèàëüíîå ðàçìåùåíèå íàñåëåíèÿ|×èñëåííîñòü íàëè÷íîãî íàñåëåíèÿ è åãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïî ïîëó|Ðåçóëüòàò âûáîðà" 4341:

The city of Odesa is governed by a mayor and city council which work cooperatively to ensure the smooth-running of the city and procure its municipal bylaws. The city's budget is also controlled by the administration.

8779: 2146:, the famous female sniper, took part in the battle for Odesa. She recorded 187 confirmed kills during the defense of Odesa. Pavlichenko's confirmed kills during World War II totaled 309 (including 36 enemy snipers). 5777: 8293: 8228: 2258: 1419:(1441–1466), the Khanate was endangered by the Golden Horde and the Ottoman Turks and, in search of allies, the khan agreed to cede the area to Lithuania. The site of present-day Odesa was then a fortress known as 7281: 5164:

The "Odesite speech" became a staple of the "Soviet Jew" depicted in a multitude of jokes and comedy acts, in which a Jewish adherent served as a wise and subtle dissenter and opportunist, always pursuing his own

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in Bulgaria, is the older of the two, founded c. 610 BC). The exact location of this ancient Odessos is unknown, but modern efforts have attempted to localize it 40 km northeast of Odesa, near the village of

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According to the Seventh Annual Ukrainian Municipal Survey, 96% of the residents of Odesa spoke some Russian at home and 29% spoke some Ukrainian at home (overlap due to a lot of people speaking both languages).

1712:, on what later became the Primorsky Boulevard. Another version posits that the settlement appeared after Odesa itself was founded, as a settlement of Moldavians, Greeks, and Albanians fleeing the Ottoman yoke. 1653:. Near the new fortress saw the formation of a new "Vorstadt" (suburb) where people moved from Sucleia and Parkan. With the establishment of the Voznesensk Governorate on 27 January 1795, the Vorstadt was named 11132: 8919: 5553: 1681:

location... I order to establish here a navy harbor and trading pierce..." and invested the first money (26.000 rubles) in construction. Franz de Voland drew up a plan that would end up being the city's plan.

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was born in Odesa into a Jewish family, and then went to Italy where he grew up and lived. The Hebrew author and poet Haim Bialik established a publishing house and worked in the city from the 1890s to 1911.

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army against the Turks. He is credited with designing the city and organizing its amenities and infrastructure, and is considered one of the founding fathers of Odesa, together with another Frenchman, Count

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In addition to all the state-run universities mentioned above, Odesa is also home to many private educational institutes and academies which offer highly specified courses in a range of different subjects.

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Odesa was struck by three bomb blasts in December 2014, one of which killed one person (the injuries sustained by the victim indicated that he had dealt with explosives). Internal Affairs Ministry advisor

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In the mid-19th century Odesa became a resort town famed for its popularity among the Russian upper classes. This popularity prompted a new age of investment in the building of hotels and leisure projects.

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Odesa is situated on a large, virtually ice-free bay on the Black Sea, near the mouths of the Danube River, the Dnister River, the Boh River, and the Dnieper River, which link it with the interior of the

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main line of defense was situated 6 to 8 kilometres (3.7 to 5.0 miles) from the city and was about 30 kilometres (19 miles) long. The third and last line of defense was organized inside the city itself.

9517:"Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 - English version - Results - General results of the census - National composition of population - Odesa region" 9061: 8802: 7069: 5576:, were believed to be as high as US$ 20 million in 2004. With a staff of 1,200 (mostly guards and janitors), the market is also the region's largest employer. It is owned by local land and agriculture 4307: 2078:

and the withdrawal of armies of Central Powers, the Soviet forces fought for control over the country with the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic. A few months later the city was occupied by the

2191:, and allowing Jews to work as hired labourers. As a result, despite the events of 1941, the survival of the Jewish population in this area was higher than in other areas of occupied eastern Europe. 10054: 1086:, even after changing the spelling of Kiev to Kyiv, but since the beginning of Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine more outlets and style guides have been shifting away from Russian transliterations. 9210: 7434:

text, so you will need to scroll and scroll and scroll... until you notice a verse " Одесса , южная столица , Владычица эвксинскихъ водъ , Стоитъ какъ гордая царица , Вѣнець ей свљтимый небосвод")

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considered to be quite unique in Ukraine, as the country's southern coast (particularly in the Crimea) tends to be a location in which the formation of stoney and pebble beaches has proliferated.

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include: retail, wholesale, catering, production, construction and development, private label. Consumer recognition is mainly attributed to the high level of service and the quality of services.

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of 17 June 1792 addressed to General Kakhovsky it was ordered to establish the Dniester Border Line of fortresses. The commander of the land forces in Ochakiv Oblast was appointed Graf (Count)

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IOANNIS DŁVGOSSI SEV LONGINI CANONICI QVONDAM CRACOVIENSIS HISTORIAE POLONICAE LIBRI XII.: QVORVM SEX POSTERIORES NONDVM EDITI, NVNC SIMVL CVM PRIORIBVS EX MSCRIPTO RARISSIMO IN LVCEM PRODEVNT

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The mayoralty plays the role of the executive in the city's municipal administration. Above all comes the mayor, who is elected, by the city's electorate, for five years in a direct election.

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in Odesa between 1823 and 1824. In his letters, he wrote that Odesa was a city where "the air is filled with all Europe, French is spoken and there are European papers and magazines to read".

1330: 8620: 2407:. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven, the city of Odesa was merged into newly established Odesa Raion. 9605: 2425:

announced that the historical city center of Odesa was added to UNESCO's World Heritage List. In order to provide technical and financial assistance if needed, it was also included into the

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forces out of the city, but Odesa was soon retaken by the Russian White Army. By 1920 the Soviet Red Army managed to overpower both the Ukrainian and Russian White Army and secure the city.

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The actual massacre took place in streets nearby, not on the steps themselves, but the film caused many to visit Odesa to see the site of the "slaughter". The "Odesa Steps" continue to be a

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to Ukraine's eastern border with Russia. The M14 is of particular importance to Odesa's maritime and shipbuilding industries as it links the city with Ukraine's other large deep water port

5133:(Ilf's co-author Petrov was in fact Kataev's brother, Petrov being his pen-name). Kataev became a benefactor for these young authors, who would become some of the most talented and popular 13009: 10780: 10924:

Schmalstieg, Frank C; Goldman Armond S (May 2008). "Ilya Ilich Metchnikoff (1845–1915) and Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915): the centennial of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine".

8949: 1031:; in Roman times, Odessus). This refers to the second ancient Odessos, founded between the end of the 5th and beginning of the 4th centuries BC (the first one, identified with modern 7605: 9724: 4951:(1895–1976), the Israeli classical ballet dancer, choreographer, painter, and film producer and director grew up in Odesa, as did Franco-Israeli École de Paris painter and sculptor 2325:

As a part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the city preserved and somewhat reinforced its unique cosmopolitan mix of Russian/Ukrainian/Jewish culture and a predominantly

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spent in exile in Odesa, a period during which he continued to write. The poet also has a city street named after him, as well as a statue. Other museums in the city include the

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style. It is said that thanks to its unique acoustics, even a whisper from the stage can be heard in any part of the hall. The theatre was projected along the lines of Dresden's

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a large Greek settlement existed at its location no later than the middle of the 6th century BC. It has been researched as a possible site of the ancient Greek settlement of

13307: 12482: 8713: 7634: 2333:. The city's unique identity has been formed largely thanks to its varied demography; all the city's communities have influenced aspects of Odesan life in some way or form. 2179:

Following the siege, and the Axis occupation, approximately 25,000 Odesans were murdered in the outskirts of the city and over 35,000 deported; this came to be known as the

9655: 4295:'s population consider Ukrainian their native language, and 39% of population in Ukraine's South who consider Ukrainian their native language mostly speak Russian at home. 12677: 12597: 12592: 9777: 6057:

Beach, and recreational ferry service. There are two routes of public transport which connect Odesa Airport with the city center: trolley-bus No.14 and marshrutka No.117.

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Soldier reading the announcement of Opera House in Odesa during the Romanian occupation in 1942. The name of the city in Romanian is spelled as Odesa with one letter 's'.

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was born in Bolshoy Fontan near Odesa, however her further work was not connected with the city and its literary tradition. Odesa has produced many writers, including

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between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, as well as the demise of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, allowed Russia to start to fully exploit the ancient

5125:, was born here and began his writing career as early as high school (gymnasia). Before moving to Moscow in 1922, he made quite a few acquaintances here, including 13962: 13921: 12507: 12367: 12362: 10359: 2022: 1805: 1778: 1693: 78: 10559: 4812:

is the biggest art gallery in the city, which collection includes canvas mostly of Russian painters from 17th-21st centuries, icon collection and modern art. The

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Terminalbetreiber in Estland gekauft. In: Schiff & Hafen, 7/2018, p 9; "Hamburger Hafenkonzern investiert groß in Triest" In: Die Presse, 29 September 2020.

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Dnistryansky, М.S. (2006) Этнополитическая география Украины = Етнополітична географія України. – Лівів: Літопис, видавництво ЛНУ імені Івана Франка. p. 342. –

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The new city quickly became a major success although initially, it received little state funding and privileges. Its early growth owed much to the work of the

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from the 5th–3rd centuries BC has long been known in this area). Some scholars believe it to have been a trade settlement established by the Greek city of

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Odesa's port is Ukraine's busiest. The harbour remains accessible all year round and serves as a vital import/export channel for the Ukrainian economy.

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is gaining in popularity: in 2021, the share of residents speaking some Ukrainian at home has increased almost 5 times from 6% in 2015 to 29% in 2021.

1801:), Moldovanka was included in the general city plan, though the original grid-like plan of Moldovankan streets, lanes, and squares remained unchanged. 10669: 10113: 9221: 9005: 6025:

In 1881, Odesa became the first city in Imperial Russia to have steam tramway lines, an innovation that came only one year after the establishment of

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is big art museum; it has large European collections from the 16–20th centuries along with the art from the East on display. There are paintings from

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built in 1878, with its nontraditional foyer following the curvatures of the auditorium; the building's most recent renovation was completed in 2007.

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during the 19th century, and by 1897 Jews were estimated to comprise some 37% of the population. The community, however, was repeatedly subjected to

8612: 7394:: "Pearl by the Sea" comes from the popular song "Ах, Одесса, жемчужина у моря" ("Ah, Odessa, a pearl by the sea") written by Odessa-born composer 7059: 1915:

naval forces. It soon recovered and the growth in trade made Odesa Russia's largest grain-exporting port. In 1866, the city was linked by rail with

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Many media outlets switched to prefer the Ukrainian transliteration "Odesa" over the Russian "Odessa" following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

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Cherkez, E. A.; Dragomyretska, O. V.; Gorokhovich, Y. (11 November 2006). "Landslide protection of the historical heritage in Odessa (Ukraine)".

7060:"Russia's invasion of Ukraine has sparked questions over why Ukrainian cities have historically been transliterated after their Russian versions" 6397: 5640:

Odesa also has a well-developed IT industry with large number of IT outsourcing companies and IT product startups. Among most famous startups is

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The city suffered severe damage and sustained many casualties over the course of the war. Many parts of Odesa were damaged during both its siege

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integrating with railways. Odesa's oil and chemical processing facilities are connected to the Russian and other European networks by strategic

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than Russian, having been heavily influenced by French and Italian styles. Some buildings are built in a mixture of different styles, including

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Odesa is home to several universities and other institutions of higher education. The city's best-known and most prestigious university is the

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in April–May 2023, 53% of the city's population has higher or incomplete higher education, 16% spoke Ukrainian at home and 80% spoke Russian.

1350:. Whether the Bay of Odesa is the ancient "Port of the Histrians" cannot yet be considered a settled question based on the available evidence. 10776: 9388: 8889: 14844: 14142: 10902: 9553: 9428: 9160: 8941: 8179: 6185:(known as "The Painted Bird of Odesa") brought home Ukraine's first Olympic gold medal as an independent nation when she outscored the USA's 5420: 4944: 4659: 2383: 10505: 7307: 14814: 13293: 10274: 9480: 7897: 7598: 5633:

Foreign business ventures have thrived in the area, as since 1 January 2000, much of the city and its surrounding area has been declared a

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which hit Odesa in the autumn 1812. Dismissive of any attempt to forge a compromise between quarantine requirements and free trade, Prince

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Certificate "For taking part in the heroic defense of Odesa"; Logvinov Petr Leontievich was awarded the Medal for the Defense of Odesa.

7964: 5666: 2457: 1677:(one of Catherine's favorites), supported this proposal. In 1794 Catherine issued a Rescript to José de Ribas: "Considering favorable 14819: 12382: 12055: 9305: 8971: 6054: 5962:

Odesa Holovna is one of Ukraine's largest railway terminals. Every day trains depart to many national and international destinations.

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Ghervas, Stella (2008). "Odessa et les confins de l'Europe: un éclairage historique". In Ghervas, Stella; Rosset, François (eds.).

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was reelected in the first round of the election with 52,9% of the vote. Trukhanov was again reelected in the second round of the

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The peculiarity of the ethnic composition of the modern population of the city of Odesa is its ethnic diversity. According to the

14864: 14859: 14736: 14431: 14426: 13941: 9644: 4813: 2404: 1439:, when a ship with grain sailed from there to Constantinople. By the middle of the 15th century, the settlement was depopulated. 11059: 10083: 9851: 9359:"Âñåóêðà¿íñüêèé ïåðåïèñ íàñåëåííÿ 2001|Ðóññêàÿ âåðñèÿ|Ðåçóëüòàòû|Îñíîâíûå èòîãè ïåðåïèñè|Êîëè÷åñòâî ãîðîäîâ" 8756: 2632:). This has, over the past few centuries, aided the city greatly in creating conditions necessary for the development of summer 1968: 1758:

By the early 1900s Odesa had become a large, thriving city, complete with European architecture and electrified urban transport.

13079: 12190: 2342: 602: 11076: 9680: 9477:"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения районов, городов и крупных сел союзных республик СССР" 8279:

Migration and Disease in the Black Sea Region: Ottoman-Russian Relations in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

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Odesa's economy largely stems from its traditional role as a port city. The nearly ice-free port lies near the mouths of the

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As Odesa has been inhabited by peoples of different religions, it has a variety of religious buildings, such as the Orthodox

1786: 11534:; Gubar, Oleg (2008). "The Persuasive Power of the Odessa Myth". In Czaplicka, John; Gelazis, Nida; Ruble, Blair A. (eds.). 9031: 8740: 7423: 14854: 14259: 13144: 13139: 12964: 11040: 10478: 9188: 7350: 4754: 2375: 1818: 11741:

Sylvester, Roshanna P. (2001). "City of Thieves: Moldavanka, Criminality, and Respectability in Prerevolutionary Odessa".

8532: 8062: 7692:"Guidance on the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN)/Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) romanization systems" 14824: 13911: 13316: 12312: 12199: 10343: 10211: 7699: 7105: 5611:

was, for a long time, the city's most upscale shopping district, and remains to this day an important landmark of Odesa.

4735: 1264: 1224: 8277: 8224: 7576: 1050:, the transliteration of the name from Russian, was the traditional English spelling of the city's name favoured before 14829: 13855: 13069: 10551: 9929: 4557: 4285: 4191: 4156:, the city's Jewish population declined considerably. Since the 1970s, the majority of the remaining Jewish population 1037: 150: 11983: 10692: 9903: 8401: 8201: 5989:

In 1952 the station was rebuilt to the designs of A Chuprina. The current station, which is characterised by its many

4471:, who in the early 19th-century built a palace and colonnade for the Governor of Odesa, Prince Mikhail Vorontsov, the 4359:

There are five deputy mayors, each of which is responsible for a certain particular part of the city's public policy.

13249: 13089: 12672: 11904: 11892: 11838: 11819: 11731: 11669: 11662:

New Voices of Russian Jewry: A Study of the Russian-Jewish Press of Odessa in the Era of the Great Reforms, 1860–1871

11650: 11631: 11568: 11521: 11495: 11476: 11464: 11412: 11355: 11323: 11249: 10622: 10232: 9955: 9795: 9579: 8346: 8317: 8287: 7774: 7562: 7557:. Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. p. 7. 7470: 5038: 4876: 4739: 4714: 4697: 4580: 4353: 4346: 2214: 2188: 1552: 1527: 1467: 861: 722: 8863: 4203: 686:

in recognition of its multiculturality and 19th-century urban planning. The declaration was made in response to the

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Rothstein, Robert A. (2001). "How It Was Sung in Odessa: At the Intersection of Russian and Yiddish Folk Culture".

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The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, Volume 8: Crisis and Creativity Between World Wars, 1918-1939

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Henryk Łubieński i jego bracia: wspomnenia rodzinne odnoszące się do historyi Królestwa Polskiego i Banku Polskiego

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who brought to Israel the influence of modern art and was its first abstract artist. He emigrated to Israel on the

5134: 4848: 4452: 4424: 2426: 2411: 1533: 687: 676: 609: 13034: 10802: 8642: 7161: 1491: 14394: 14252: 13759: 13495: 13184: 12727: 12342: 8466:"The Southern Bug - Dnister Interfluve During World War II: Administrative Organization, Staffing and Statistics" 7091: 2055:

succeeded in establishing their control over the city; for the following months, the city became a center of the

647:

and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the

11726:. Indiana–Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 9747: 7023: 6205:

Avdyeyenko won a 1988 Olympic gold medal in thehigh jump, setting an Olympic record at 2.38 metres (7.81 feet).

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a cargo-handling area and a large passenger port. In 2007 the Port of Odesa handled 31,368,000 tonnes of cargo.

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characteristic speech of the Odesan Jews, and is enriched by a plethora of influences common for the port city.

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belonging to V. Navrotsky, came to Odesa from France in 1891. He was a popular city publisher of the newspaper

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189.2 million. Other sectors of the city's economy include the banking sector: the city hosts a branch of the

2201:, was established on 22 December 1942. It was one of the first four Soviet cities to be awarded the title of " 1518: 1450:

came under direct control of the Ottoman Empire after 1529. In the mid-18th century, the Ottomans rebuilt the

1064:

became the internationally standardized Latin-alphabet transliteration of the Ukrainian name according to the

13503: 12722: 12717: 12687: 12642: 12582: 7431: 5618:, which is currently the second most-visited Ukrainian city. In 2003 this sector recorded a total revenue of 5428: 5332: 2264:

Reverse of the Soviet campaign medal "For the Defence of Odesa"; inscription reads "For our Soviet homeland".

10986: 9821: 7666: 6157:, the highest tier basketball league in Ukraine. Odesa will become one of five Ukrainian cities to host the 5449:(1848–1933) a pianist of Russian-German ethnicity noted for performing the works of Chopin, was from Odesa. 1846:

traders representing many other nationalities (hence numerous "ethnic" names on the city's map, for example

1767:, the Church of the Dormition, built in 1821 close to the seashore, as well as a cemetery. Nearby stood the 1665: 1650: 13698: 13694: 13690: 13254: 13229: 13199: 12883: 12682: 12572: 12537: 12502: 12392: 12357: 11833:. Indiana–Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 10926: 10661: 10106: 9877: 9001: 5719: 5402: 4488: 2114: 1948: 1236: 1201: 498: 11959: 11441: 9187:[Weather and Climate – The Climate of Odesa] (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). 13674: 13169: 13119: 12622: 12612: 12587: 12512: 12452: 12327: 12297: 12274: 12239: 12137: 6154: 6079: 5271: 4240: 2169: 2150: 1998: 1471: 691: 640: 4917:

team, contributed to Odesa's established status as "capital of Soviet humor", culminating in the annual

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Through most of the 19th century and until the mid-20th century, the largest ethnic group in Odesa was

1602: 1474:

across the coastal area through the steppe across southern and eastern Ukraine, into the hinterland of

1401: 6131:, an elite-class stadium which has a maximum capacity of 34,164. The second football team in Odesa is 5388:(Vitali Vinogradov) (born 1957), an artist and sculptor based in London since 1989, was born in Odesa. 4897:, was born and spent his youth in Odesa. The most popular Russian show business people from Odesa are 2155: 116: 14410: 13906: 13179: 12912: 12742: 12627: 12567: 12562: 12337: 12132: 10640: 10304: 9516: 7028: 5703: 5185: 5045: 4802: 4565: 2625: 2609: 2052: 1878: 1487: 1078: 881: 663:, as well as a multiethnic cultural centre. As of January 2021, Odesa's population was approximately 636: 398: 385: 337: 56: 11999: 11304:Хаджибей-Одеса та українське козацтво (1415-1797 роки): до 210-ї річниці штурму Хаджибейського замку 10864: 10141: 9997: 9971: 6107: 6085:

Transit flights from the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East to Odesa are offered by

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During the 1960s and 1970s, the city grew. Nevertheless, the majority of Odesa's Jews emigrated to

2202: 1382: 1113: 769: 710: 683: 668: 582: 553: 516: 251: 11272: 10894: 10176: 9549: 9156: 7691: 7184: 4148:, among others. Up until the early 1940s the city had a large Jewish population. As the result of 2298:, the United States and other Western countries between the 1970s and 1990s. Many ended up in the 1510: 1334:

The remains of an ancient Greek settlement (under the glass roof) on Prymorskyi Boulevard in Odesa

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colony already existed, which by the end of the 18th century was an independent settlement named

970: 915: 24: 8754:

Interior minister's advisor says Kharkiv, Odesa explosions aim at escalating tensions in Ukraine

7889: 1793:(the Saint Petersburg-based High Commissioner for Sanitation) countermanded Richelieu's orders. 1532:

The sleepy fishing village of Odesa had witnessed a sea-change in its fortunes when the wealthy

14849: 14013: 13886: 13372: 13204: 13044: 12974: 12632: 12547: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12377: 12372: 9778:"Демократія, безпека та соціальне становище: думка респондентів в Одеській області у 2023 році" 5310: 4809: 4726: 4627: 4588: 4569: 4472: 2617: 2494: 2321:

The city is currently undergoing a phase of widespread urban restoration: Russov House in 2020.

2138: 1813: 1541: 1432: 1351: 1347: 1177: 1153: 1024: 702: 20: 12020: 9420: 8831: 8359: 7851: 7494: 7126: 5456: 1989: 13830: 13362: 13244: 13064: 12898: 12770: 12697: 12652: 12557: 12532: 12322: 12212: 12176: 10581: 7796: 7377: 7372: 6269: 6251: 6120: 5967: 5888: 5872: 5687: 5498: 5472: 5416: 5364:

doll, has received attention on the Internet and from the media for her doll-like appearance.

5304: 4886: 4207: 4175: 4028: 3776: 2415: 2064: 2056: 1782: 1556: 949: 652: 477: 9476: 8465: 8250: 7455: 6344:, Olympic champion in the K-1 500 m Kayak Singles at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich 6071:

has now become as much a part of historic Odesa as the staircase to which it runs parallel.

5453:(1916–1985), widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists of all time, was born in Odesa. 126: 14275: 14085: 14008: 13977: 13931: 13865: 13790: 13274: 13259: 13214: 13189: 13059: 12861: 12712: 12692: 12467: 12457: 12402: 12397: 12387: 12347: 12292: 12282: 12168: 9122: 7956: 6190: 6158: 6128: 6116: 6030: 5460: 5446: 5307:

and worked there from the 1890s to 1911. He was commonly known as the national Hebrew poet.

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found that 68% of Odesa's population were ethnic Ukrainians, and 25% were ethnic Russians.

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Odesa is a city of more than 1 million people. The city's industries include shipbuilding,

2210: 2180: 2143: 2060: 2048: 1912: 1838: 1597:

Russia formally gained possession of the Sanjak of Özi (Ochakiv Oblast) as a result of the

1560: 487: 74: 10662:"Lives in the Yiddish Theatre. Short biographies of those involved in the Yiddish Theatre" 9450: 7659:

Report on the Current Status of United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names

2645:

temperature in the Gulf of Odesa and the city's bay area exceeds 20 °C (68 °F).

2063:

all Bolshevik forces were driven out by 13 March 1918 by the combined armed forces of the

748:. During the 19th century, Odesa was the fourth largest city of the Russian Empire, after 8: 14023: 13957: 13752: 13687: 13670: 13457: 13387: 13269: 13129: 12952: 12707: 12647: 12577: 12492: 12447: 12302: 11008: 10752: 9358: 8225:"Travels in Russia, and a residence at St. Petersburg and Odessa, in the years 1827-1829" 6886: 6341: 6275: 6245: 6029:

services in 1880 operated by the "Tramways d'Odessa", a Belgian owned company. The first

5794: 5603: 5466: 5289: 5263: 5257: 5241: 5197: 4584: 4542: 4536: 4512: 4331: 2522: 1940: 1661: 1591: 1475: 807:. In 2000, the Quarantine Pier at Odesa Commercial Sea Port was declared a free port and 792: 729: 698: 672: 541: 300: 13737: 11329: 11300: 11110: 9126: 6173:

was one of the most famous natives of Odesa in the years before the Russian Revolution.

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languages, he came to Odesa aged 18, inspired by his admiration for authors such as and

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Cities after the Fall of Communism: Reshaping Cultural Landscapes and European Identity

11166: 10951: 9926:"Official Website of the city administration, Standing commissions of the City Council" 9320: 9138: 9083: 8487: 8396: 8325: 7479: 6951: 6257: 5994: 5723: 5634: 5615: 5367: 5228: 5118: 5003: 4999: 4902: 4709: 4349: 4278: 4227: 2633: 2542: 2379: 2206: 2044: 2037: 2029: 1614: 1292: 1051: 1008: 892: 872: 808: 804: 737: 449: 323: 271: 13285: 11924: 8470:

Güney-Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi - the Journal of Southeastern European Studies

4725:. This university is the oldest in the city and was first founded by an edict of Tsar 102: 14090: 14018: 13800: 13713: 13705: 13392: 13357: 12226: 11900: 11888: 11834: 11815: 11807: 11795: 11783: 11758: 11727: 11719: 11710: 11665: 11664:. Studies in Judaism in Modern Times, No. 4. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. 11646: 11627: 11602: 11583: 11564: 11558: 11539: 11517: 11491: 11472: 11460: 11408: 11389: 11370: 11351: 11319: 11287: 11245: 11198: 11056: 10943: 10511: 10484: 10451: 10351: 10310: 10228: 10069: 9951: 9843: 9575: 8753: 8491: 8342: 8283: 7935: 7859: 7568: 7558: 7500: 7189:(in Latin). Svmptibvs Ioannis Lvdovici Gleditschii & Mavritii Georgii Weidmanni. 6828: 6383: 6365: 6335: 6326:, racing driver, No. 6 in 2012 International Rally Challenge Production cup standings 6281: 5990: 5743: 5735: 5731: 5619: 5424: 5357: 5275: 5150: 5094: 5085: 4960: 4936: 4906: 4836: 4681: 4612: 4573: 4507: 4480: 4460: 3345: 3297: 2486: 2184: 2106: 2033: 2013: 1984: 1893: 1809: 1798: 1642: 1564: 1405: 1355: 1095: 1023:

and it was named using a Slavic feminine form for the ancient Greek city of Odessos (

982: 761: 415: 283: 90: 11770: 10955: 9344: 9142: 9054:"Ukraine's Odesa, the 'pearl of the Black Sea', added to Unesco World Heritage list" 7413:

Nicknamed "Southern Capital" by an analogy with the nickname "Northern Capital" for

6380:, Olympic champion in 50 m Running Target at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich 1754: 14673: 14173: 13967: 13840: 13825: 13442: 13352: 12142: 12047: 11861: 11750: 11690: 11554: 11531: 11505: 11483: 11452: 11422: 11348:

How Things Were Done in Odessa: Cultural and Intellectual Pursuits in a Soviet City

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architectural details and grand scale, was renovated by the state railway operator

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Odesa is served by a number of railway stations and halts, the largest of which is

5739: 5711: 5699: 5572: 5406: 5336: 5328: 5283: 5102: 5011: 4975: 4929: 4880: 4783: 4722: 4684:, on Odesa's magnificent Prymorsky Bulvar, is one of the city's landmark buildings. 4638: 4153: 2538: 2490: 2311: 2221: 2091: 1825: 1716: 1537: 1428: 1068:, which was adopted for official use by Ukraine's cabinet in 2010, approved by the 1011: 993: 961: 926: 906: 835: 820: 791:, a significant oil terminal situated in the city's suburbs. Another notable port, 753: 457: 14127: 7721: 5910:

Intercity bus services are available from Odesa to many cities in Russia (Moscow,

4546: 1587: 14691: 14628: 13891: 13850: 13795: 13583: 13549: 13462: 13437: 13412: 13347: 12885: 12234: 12006: 11975: 11949: 11919: 11281: 11239: 11220: 11192: 11063: 11044: 10626: 10536: 9027: 8838: 8822: 8806: 8783: 8760: 8744: 8737: 8321: 8117: 7474: 7427: 7420: 6970: 6947: 6678: 6359: 6323: 6311: 6170: 6064: 6061: 5939: 5825: 5585: 5488: 5375: 5314: 5293: 5190: 5166: 5154: 5122: 4991: 4979: 4952: 4890: 4762: 4532: 4503: 4468: 4442: 4433: 4402:

In addition, every district has its own administration, subordinate to the Odesa

4311: 2569: 2306:, sometimes known as "Little Odesa". Domestic migration of the Odesan middle and 2173: 1935: 1886: 1623: 1598: 1590:(known in Russia as Osip Mikhailovich Deribas); today, the main street in Odesa, 1378: 1189: 1041: 1032: 780: 82: 11037: 10620:

Already today: Birthday of Janka Bryl (Ужо сёньня: Дзень нараджэньня Янкі Брыля)

9630: 9406: 9182: 8942:"Росія обстріляла Одесу крилатими ракетами, є влучання в об'єкти інфраструктури" 8912:"Унаслідок ракетного удару по Одесі загинуло п'ятеро людей, серед них – немовля" 8856:"Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ" 6013: 5856:

The M05 Highway links Odesa with the nation's capital, Kyiv. The Odesa junction.

4913:(comedian). Zhvanetsky's and Kartsev's success in the 1970s, along with Odesa's 4626:(previously Alexander Park), was founded in 1875, during a visit to the city by 2125: 1997:

In 1905, Odesa was the site of a workers' uprising supported by the crew of the

1955:

and anti-Jewish agitation from almost all Christian segments of the population.

1412: 14804: 14776: 14323: 14198: 14117: 13805: 13745: 13422: 13402: 13382: 13377: 13367: 13149: 13124: 13024: 12999: 12760: 12264: 11754: 9717:"Більше половини жителів Одещини вважають українську мову рідною — дослідження" 8810: 8054: 7451: 7415: 7274:"The Statue of Catherine II 'the Great' or the Monument to the Odessa Founders" 6729: 6639: 6530: 6371: 6293: 6197: 6186: 6138: 6018: 5983: 5802: 5695: 5531: 5351: 5224: 5130: 5110: 5080: 5068: 5019: 4983: 4948: 4898: 4821: 4484: 4145: 4113: 2546: 2368: 2353: 2330: 2303: 2110: 2095: 2087: 1882: 1790: 1580: 1576: 1483: 1424: 1393: 1386: 1137: 1125: 1020: 940: 788: 726: 714: 10447: 9134: 5789:

Odesa is a major maritime-transport hub that includes several ports including

5347:

before fleeing to Japanese-occupied Manchuria in 1938 to avoid being murdered.

5256:(1867–1906) (better known as "Lieutenant Schmidt"), one of the leaders of the 5063:, founded in 1933, has long been recognised as a centre of musical excellence. 1605:. The Russian Empire took full control of Crimea, as well as land between the 1436: 14798: 14788: 14598: 14100: 14095: 14059: 13835: 13820: 13810: 13569: 13109: 12817: 12259: 12244: 11944: 11929: 11681: 11386:

Réinventer la tradition. Alexandre Stourdza et l'Europe de la Sainte-Alliance

10355: 10190:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–669. 10181: 7863: 6457: 6426: 6347: 6254:, professional ballroom & Latin dancer on American Dancing With the Stars 6248:, professional ballroom & Latin dancer on American Dancing With the Stars 6239: 6233: 6215: 6201: 6182: 5911: 5861: 5829: 5790: 5707: 5673: 5608: 5543: 5511: 5492: 5391:

Kostyantyn Mykolayovych Bocharov (born 1997), better known by his stage name

5324: 5318: 5301: 5253: 5209: 4987: 4956: 4925: 4910: 4793: 4137: 4133: 4085: 4077: 3996: 3939: 3870: 3837: 3801: 3065: 2510: 2472: 2459: 2357: 1964: 1960: 1952: 1870: 1584: 1568: 1451: 800: 784: 234: 221: 12034: 11606: 11302: 10939: 10639: 9925: 9844:"Incumbent Odesa Mayor Trukhanov declared winner in Sunday mayoral election" 8706:[Only 3% of Ukrainians want their region to become part of Russia]. 7655: 7572: 6964:

Ukrainian local elections: City-by-city guide to this weekend’s runoff votes

6846: 5801:(freight only). The Port of Odesa became a provisional headquarters for the 1076:

and in dictionaries as the spelling for the Ukrainian city. As noted by the

444: 14638: 14603: 14485: 14284: 14223: 14213: 14162: 13724: 13649: 13564: 13447: 13427: 13417: 13325: 13099: 13054: 13004: 12989: 12249: 12203: 12010: 11865: 11762: 10947: 9899: 9451:"Данные Всесоюзной переписи населения 1926 года по регионам республик СССР" 8972:"Russia-Ukraine. The Russians shot at the cemetery and the house in Odessa" 8169: 7656:

UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems (February 2013). "Ukrainian".

6227: 6221: 6005: 5927: 5751: 5715: 5515: 5434: 5379: 5106: 5076: 5027: 5023: 4943:, bass player of the Israeli Metal band PallaneX is originally from Odesa. 4933: 4894: 4871: 4856: 4717:

is a major research library and the centre for studies in southern Ukraine.

4403: 4327: 4319: 4292: 4097: 4093: 2641: 2349: 2307: 2134: 1808:, who served as the city's governor between 1803 and 1814. Having fled the 1722: 1674: 1606: 1409: 1374: 1339: 1082:, many in the English-language media outlets historically spelled the city 741: 660: 276: 11553:

Kaufman, Bel; Oleg Gubar; Alexander Rozenboim (2004). Nicholas V. Iljine;

10619: 10070:"Odesa City Council finally agreed to demolish the monument to Catherine ( 9950:

Buildings for Music, Michael Forsythe, Cambridge University Press, p. 344

9818:"Official Website of the city administration: Structure of the Mayorality" 9791: 8423:

Deportacje ludności polskiej do Kazachstanu w 1936 roku. Zarys historyczny

8391: 8314: 7771:

Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary

7766: 7467: 6548: 6470: 6242:(born 1953), football coach and former Olympic bronze medal-winning player 2371:

football matches in, but lost the competition to other cities in Ukraine.

2352:, chemicals, metalworking, and food processing. Odesa is also a Ukrainian 2317: 1361:

In the Middle Ages successive rulers of the Odesa region included various

440: 436: 14244: 13432: 13407: 13397: 13104: 13049: 12927: 12889: 12827: 12785: 12254: 12122: 11991: 11938:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–4. 10729:[Ukrainian Ports Association "Ukrport" unites 43 organizations]. 10175: 8855: 8482: 7552: 6403: 6305: 6287: 6178: 6050: 5427:(1918–2010), Israeli physical chemist who was the fifth president of the 5412: 5126: 5090: 5072: 5015: 4995: 4371: 4323: 4065: 3882: 3831: 2502: 2164: 2079: 2075: 1904: 1874: 1829: 1689: 1646: 765: 656: 288: 10734: 10386: 9748:"За рік в Україні кількість українськомовних зросла до 71% – опитування" 9389:"Статья в журнале "Держава" "Сколько действительно населения в Одессе?"" 8613:"Дніпропетровськ і Одеса втратили ЧЄ, бо не виконали взяті зобов'язання" 8178:[Creation and development of the city of Odesa] (in Ukrainian). 7308:"The Ethnic Composition of the City of Odessa in the Nineteenth Century" 6755: 5177: 2517:

river and some 443 km (275 mi) south of the Ukrainian capital

432: 14720: 14654: 14618: 14613: 14550: 14543: 14495: 14368: 14307: 14183: 13682: 13624: 13619: 13543: 13529: 13485: 12152: 12112: 12107: 12014: 11873: 11780:

City of Rogues and Schnorrers: Russia's Jews and the Myth of Old Odessa

11702: 11486:(2002). "Commerce and Architecture in Odessa in Late Imperial Russia". 11301:Гончарук Т.Г.; Гуцалюк С.Б.; Сапожников І.В.; Сапожникова Г.В. (1999). 10806: 10306:

City of Rogues and Schnorrers: Russia's Jews and the Myth of Old Odessa

8777:

Bomb Explosion in Odessa Could Have Targeted Ukraine Army Charity Point

8203:"Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septemanie du Plessis, Duc de" 7244:"CHAPTER 5 LUGANIAN CHARACTER TWENTY YEARS LATER: NECESSARY CORRECTION" 7153: 6989:

The number of the available population of Ukraine as of January 1, 2022

6626: 6418: 6046: 6042: 6009:

Share of the Belgian company "Tramways d'Odessa", issued 24 August 1881

5975: 5919: 5727: 5480: 5469:(born 1983), Ukrainian entrepreneur and businessman, was born in Odesa. 5440: 5098: 4825: 4817: 4572:. There is also a number of historic cemeteries, including the Cossack 4539:

and natural shelter for civilians, who were escaping airplane bombing.

4496: 4179: 4117: 4047: 4035: 4002: 3978: 3951: 3933: 3900: 3864: 3795: 2573:

the city, the result is instability under some buildings' foundations.

2397: 2326: 2137:, Odesa was attacked by Romanian and German troops in August 1941. The 2083: 1938:(constructed 1837–1841), which were famously featured in the 1925 film 1833: 1705: 1479: 1343: 1072:

in 2012, and adopted by the BGN/PCGN in 2019. This spelling appears in

1004: 773: 745: 11315:

Odessa, 1941–1944: A Case Study of Soviet Territory Under Foreign Rule

10477:

Endelman, Todd M.; Gitelman, Zvi; Moore, Deborah Dash (7 April 2020).

8445: 8433: 7657: 6302:, Olympic champion in volleyball at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico 5392: 2400:

Coordination Center and a cargo train car were (non-lethally) bombed.

992:

Odesa is sometimes called the Pearl by the Sea, the Southern Capital,

14704: 14684: 14678: 14660: 14566: 14537: 14328: 14188: 14043: 13644: 13524: 13014: 12922: 12775: 12765: 12157: 12102: 12087: 10409:"Insightful Biography of Hebrew Poet H. N. Bialik Misses Key Element" 10249:"Insightful Biography of Hebrew Poet H. N. Bialik Misses Key Element" 10049: 9421:"Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей" 7064: 6781: 6750: 6665: 6561: 6535: 6431: 6218:, Olympic champion in decathlon at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich 6143: 6068: 5915: 5782: 5691: 5686:

A number of scientists have lived and worked in Odesa. They include:

5645: 5535: 5266:(1880–1940), was born in Odesa, and largely developed his version of 5031: 4599: 4528: 4524: 4523:

mined nearby. Abandoned mines were later used and broadened by local

4520: 4149: 4141: 4121: 4105: 4101: 4071: 4059: 4008: 3963: 3957: 3906: 3888: 3825: 2595: 2565: 2557: 2506: 2498: 2005: 1728: 1709: 1678: 1669: 1618: 1572: 1461: 1447: 1420: 1366: 733: 718: 706: 648: 468: 14379: 11694: 11552: 10045:"Odesa deputies back decision to dismantle monument to Catherine II" 6742: 5828:, whilst river cruises can occasionally be booked for travel up the 2513:, approximately 31 km (19 mi) north of the estuary of the 736:, which was named Odessa soon after. From 1819 to 1858, Odesa was a 14709: 14698: 14623: 14588: 14582: 14571: 14531: 14517: 14511: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14333: 14233: 14228: 13654: 13639: 13634: 13599: 13519: 13239: 12937: 12832: 12822: 12147: 12127: 12097: 11222:

Notes of the Imperial Odesa Society of History and Artifacts. Vol.2

11080: 10507:

Art in Zion: The Genesis of Modern National Art in Jewish Palestine

8888:(in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України. 8842: 8816:

Latest Explosion in Odessa Strikes Pro-Ukraine Organization (Video)

8748: 6704: 6673: 6509: 6150: 6132: 6026: 5935: 5900: 5892: 5817: 5768: 5641: 5627: 5589: 5581: 5519: 5476: 5371: 5236: 4918: 4429: 4183: 4164: 4041: 4020: 3984: 3927: 3852: 3783: 2591: 2514: 2299: 2225: 1768: 1701: 1654: 1638: 1610: 1503: 1495: 13709:

Partially claimed and partially controlled by Russia as a part of

11538:. Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Johns Hopkins University Press. 10440:

The Poetics of Prophecy: Modern Afterlives of a Biblical Tradition

10309:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 13–22, 142–156. 5595: 4633:

In the center of the park is the local top-flight football team's

4535:. During World War II, the catacombs served as a hiding place for 1685: 1486:

in the 9th century, as well as various Italian colonies after the

14714: 14561: 14556: 14524: 14479: 14452: 14348: 14343: 13776: 13609: 13579: 13559: 13554: 13539: 13159: 13134: 13084: 13019: 12837: 12812: 12780: 12117: 11645:. East European Monographs. New York: Columbia University Press. 11643:

The Greeks of Odessa: Diaspora Leadership in Late Imperial Russia

11508:(2003). "Port Jews of Odessa and Trieste: A Tale of Two Cities". 9211:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010" 7447: 6940: 6854: 6833: 6820: 6815: 6789: 6776: 6768: 6724: 6691: 6686: 6647: 6634: 6621: 6613: 6600: 6582: 6574: 6522: 6465: 6452: 6439: 5947: 5896: 5884: 5876: 5833: 5805:, following the Russian occupation of Crimea in 2014. Before the 5547: 5539: 5395:

is a native of Odesa. He is best known for winning season six of

5385: 5335:, was a native Odesan. Another intelligence agent from Odesa was 5297: 5267: 5138: 4335: 3990: 3945: 3876: 3807: 2655: 2534: 1972: 1930: 1920: 1631: 1627: 1499: 1435:). Khadjibey was first mentioned in 1415 in Polish chronicles by 1390: 1316: 997: 644: 425: 295: 264: 10982: 10222: 9873: 9817: 8800:

French Leader Urges End to Sanctions Against Russia Over Ukraine

8674:"At least 35 killed in Odessa, Ukraine, as building set on fire" 7957:"Одесские достопримечательности — раскопки греческого поселения" 6236:, European Athletics Championships in shot put at 2002 in Munich 4978:. It has also produced many musicians, including the violinists 4974:

Odesa produced one of the founders of the Soviet violin school,

4966: 2113:. In 1937, around 1,000 Poles were executed in Odesa during the 1924: 14457: 14203: 13666: 13534: 12942: 12842: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12755: 12750: 11963: 11241:

History of Ukraine and its people (История Украйны и ее народа)

11194:

Kaleidoscopic Odessa: History and Place in Contemporary Ukraine

10727:"Ассоциация портов Украины "Укрпорт" объединяет 43 организаций" 9112: 6872: 6867: 6859: 6807: 6763: 6737: 6660: 6652: 6595: 6569: 6556: 6543: 6504: 6491: 6444: 5971: 5931: 5923: 5880: 5837: 5798: 5577: 5523: 5484: 5361: 5201: 4492: 4157: 4125: 4109: 4014: 3894: 3819: 3813: 2422: 2295: 2252:

Obverse of the Soviet campaign medal "For the Defence of Odesa"

2102: 1963:. Many Odesan Jews fled abroad after 1882, particularly to the 1956: 1416: 1370: 1354:

confirm extensive links between the Odesa area and the eastern

796: 757: 749: 705:. The first chronicle mention of the Slavic settlement-port of 680: 494: 473: 10072:Одеська міськрада нарешті погодилася знести пам'ятник Катерині 10037: 7098:

Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022

5970:(Main Station). From this station services connect Odesa with 5852: 799:, to the south-west of Odesa. Together they represent a major 14667: 14633: 14608: 14338: 14292: 14218: 14208: 13614: 13589: 11923: 7496:

The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest

6841: 6802: 6794: 6699: 6608: 6517: 6496: 6483: 6478: 6413: 6174: 5943: 5821: 5340: 4579:

In late 2022 one of the city's former central landmarks, the

3769: 2564:

The coastal cliffs adjacent to the city are home to frequent

2009: 1897: 1785:

as Governor of Odesa in 1803. Richelieu played a role during

1773: 1362: 1016: 13717:

Partially controlled by Russia, but not claimed as its part.

12198: 12030:

Odesa yesterday. Odesa today. Images gallery. Prospekt Group

11133:"Dauerhafte und lebendige Partnerschaft mit Odessa aufbauen" 11077:"Drivers - IRC Intercontinental Rally Challenge - Eurosport" 10019: 8251:"Odessa, 1812: Plague and Tyranny at the Edge of the Empire" 7241: 7127:"Ukraine's Odesa city put on UNESCO heritage in danger list" 5378:

best known for his shows targeting different aspects of the

4447: 694:, which has damaged or destroyed buildings across the city. 14576: 14490: 14447: 14297: 14193: 13629: 13594: 13574: 13480: 13330: 10923: 10442:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 152–173, 9874:"Official Website of the city administration: City Council" 8055:"Історія Одеси. Що робить її справжнім українським містом?" 7631:"Open Letter of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine" 6587: 5841: 5360:(born 1985), a girl from Odesa who looks very similar to a 5344: 5313:(1899 - 1981), a native Odesan painter and sculptor of the 5105:, were both born in Odesa. The Italian writer, Slavist and 5034:. (Note: Richter studied in Odesa but was not born there.) 4749:

In addition to these universities, the city is home to the

4381:

The territory of Odesa is divided into four administrative

4375: 4370:

The City Council of the city makes up the administration's

4168: 4129: 4053: 3921: 3858: 3789: 3397: 2650: 2518: 2450:

in the Gulf of Odesa. The city is located on the Black Sea.

2090:

in its struggle with the Bolsheviks. The Ukrainian general

1916: 1645:. The main fortress was built near Sucleia at the mouth of 1304: 1280: 1055: 853: 847: 838: 732:

was issued to establish a navy harbor and trading place in

10201:

Commons:Category:Medici lions at Vorontsov palace in Odesa

8385: 8383: 8381: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8127: 5809:, the Port of Odesa harbored the major Soviet cruise line 5592:

is the biggest private company and the biggest tax payer.

4893:

in New York and father of the actor, director and teacher

4374:

branch, thus effectively making it a city 'parliament' or

4302: 4096:

is also home to many different nationalities and minority

2665:

Climate data for Odesa (1991–2020, extremes 1894–present)

2240:

Postage stamp of the USSR 1965 "Hero-City Odesa 1941–1945"

13767: 11219:

Imperial, Odesa Society of History and Artifacts (1848).

9645:"Seventh Ukrainian Municipal Survey, May 12–June 3, 2021" 9631:"Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України" 8704:"Лише 3% українців хочуть приєднання їх області до Росії" 8643:"Ukraine clashes: dozens dead after Odessa building fire" 8308: 5986:'s premier stations, was destroyed through enemy action. 4970:

The main hall of the Odesa Philharmonic Society's theatre

4914: 2649:

temperatures often reaching the high 20s and low 30s °C.

2637: 1877:-style society that was to play an important role in the 1777:) of the city's wealthy residents, including that of the 1003:

In 1795 the city was named Odessa in accordance with the

12965: 11369:. Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. 10436:"Haim Nahman Bialik: The National Poet's Cup of Sorrows" 7922:. 11 May 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022 6933: 6931: 5584:

is the most popular retail chain in Odesa. Key areas of

5101:, a poet and writer, as well as the poet and journalist 4459:. It was started with the important contribution of the 4366:

An old map of Odesa's city centre. North is to the left.

2290:

Ships at anchor in Odesa – the USSR's largest port, 1960

1723:

Renaming of the settlement and establishment of sea port

529: 13315: 11812:

Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History

10895:"Snap acquires Ukrainian startup AI Factory for $ 166M" 9028:"Ukraine's Odesa designated Unesco World Heritage site" 8378: 8212:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 302–303. 8124: 8090: 7599:"United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names" 5871:

Odesa is linked to the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, by the

5644:

and AI Factory both developed in Odesa and acquired by

4653:

The city's Preobrazhensky Park surrounds its cathedral.

4202:

Distribution of the population of the city of Odesa by

2331:

uniquely accented dialect of Russian spoken in the city

1971:, and the city became an important base of support for 886: 721:, and remained in it until the Ottomans' defeat in the 16:

City and administrative center of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine

11968: 11616:

A History of Odessa, the Last Italian Black Sea Colony

10610:Академія наук вищої школи України. 1992-2010. Довідник 8832:

Mysterious bombing rocks Ukrainian port city of Odessa

7093:Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 6941:

Trukhanov officially won the mayoral election in Odesa

5437:(born 1950), Ukrainian scientist, professor, academic. 5278:(1898–1967), a military commander in World War II and 5206:

Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy

1454:

at Khadjibey (also known as Hocabey), which was named

14760: 11427:"Greek Merchants in Odessa in the Nineteenth Century" 11405:

Odesa: New Monuments, Memorial Plaques, and Buildings

10838:. Odesa Regional State Administration. Archived from 10476: 10223:

Anderson, Nancy K.; Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (2004).

9784: 9313:: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes) 8392:"The Ukrainian Navy and the Crimean Issue in 1917-18" 8362:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. 7468:"Odesa: Through Cossacks, Khans and Russian Emperors" 7053: 7051: 6928: 6142:

Chornomorets Stadium renovated in preparation to the

6119:. The main professional football club in the city is 4924:

Odesa was also the home of the late Armenian painter

4921:

festival, carried out around the beginning of April.

4909:

writer, who began his career as a port engineer) and

4851:, Museum of Heroic Defense of Odesa (411th Battery). 4519:

Most of the city's 19th-century houses were built of

4160:

and other countries, shrinking the Jewish community.

1738: 1660:

The Flemish engineer working for the Russian Empress

1423:(named for Hacı I Giray, and also spelled Kocibey in 975: 920: 862: 850: 12077: 11850:

The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa: Blood on the Steps

11831:

The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa: Blood on the Steps

9351: 8152: 8150: 7242:

O. M. Yeremenko; A. V. Kroytor (21 September 2020).

6149:

Basketball is also a prominent sport in Odesa, with

5443:(1917 – 2006), Belarusian writer, was born in Odesa. 2525:

lies some 40 km (25 mi) west of the city.

1881:, was founded in Odesa in 1814 before relocating to 1579:. One section of the troops came under command of a 1544:, established trade routes through the port for the 1490:. Under Catherine the Great, Russia gained, via the 844: 14157: 11992:

Map of the current public transport routes in Odesa

11283:Історія Хаджибея (Одеси) 1415-1795 рр. в документах 9836: 8515: 8513: 8463: 8451: 8439: 8315:

Odesa: Through Cossacks, Khans and Russian Emperors

5903:which is located in the south east of the country. 5570:Daily sales, according to the Ukrainian periodical 2521:. The international border between Ukraine and the 954: 841: 14840:Populated places established in the Russian Empire 13686:Claimed and partially controlled by Russia as the 11530: 10650:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 433. 9505:(in Romanian). Editura Meronia. 2002. p. 358. 9267: 9002:"Sirens and Flaming Shots — Life in Wartime Odesa" 7048: 6320:, Olympic silver and bronze medalist in gymnastics 4932:and the Greek philologist, author and promoter of 4843:, which is housed in a neoclassical building, the 4753:, the National Academy of Telecommunications, the 2051:, Odesa saw two Bolshevik armed insurgencies, the 1700:However, adjacent to the new official locality, a 1462:Russian conquest of Sanjak of Özi (Ochakiv Oblast) 1342:no later than the middle of the 6th century BC (a 12025:The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot 11885:The Jews of Odessa: A Cultural History, 1794–1881 10532:"Jacob Weinberg: Piano Concerto No. 2 in C Major" 10275:"Israel's national poet Bialik honored in Odessa" 9076: 8738:Two dead after Ukraine rocked by series of blasts 8147: 8121:. History of Ukraine and its people. Litres. 2018 6060:One additional mode of transport in Odesa is the 5847: 5580:Viktor A. Dobrianskyi and three partners of his. 5382:and post-Soviet everyday life, was born in Odesa. 5282:, was born in Odesa, whilst renowned Nazi hunter 5079:, are set in the city. Other Odesans are the duo 4835:, which is dedicated to detailing the short time 4089:Historic ethnic and national composition of Odesa 2505:. The city lies on the northwestern coast of the 2360:. It is known for its large outdoor market – the 1832:. His contributions to the city are mentioned by 14796: 10777:"HHLA sucht Terminals auch jenseits von Hamburg" 9794:(in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України. 9333: 8510: 7940:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5137:of this period. In 1955 Kataev became the first 4854:Among the city's public sculptures, two sets of 2403:Until 18 July 2020, Odesa was incorporated as a 1949:city became the home of a large Jewish community 1649:as the Head Dniester Fortress by Engineer-Major 13160: 13035: 11918: 11720:"Odessa and the Problem of Urban Modernization" 10741: 10719: 9254:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 9218:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8793: 8087:. Warsaw: Księg. G. Gebethner, p.41 (in Polish) 7018: 7016: 6398:List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine 5816:Passenger ships and ferries connect Odesa with 5041:is also held in this city annually since 2010. 4562:Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral 4432:view of Prymorsky Boulevard, at the top of the 2345:85.38% of Odesa Oblast voted for independence. 2172:. Partisan fighting continued, however, in the 2094:who sided with Bolsheviks managed to drive the 1907:of 1853–1856, during which it was bombarded by 1731:was officially renamed with the feminine name " 42: 11516:. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt: 182–198. 9595:"Ukrainian Municipal Survey, March 2–20, 2015" 9149: 7213:""Наш завзятий Головатий" повернувся до Одеси" 6892:List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ukraine 6356:(born 1970), Israeli competitive figure skater 6332:, ocean rower, Guinness records holder (twice) 5616:tourism sector is of great importance to Odesa 4587:, was dismantled and temporarily moved to the 4545:, an attractive pedestrian avenue named after 4314:, the seat of the city's municipal authorities 2616:, using the 0 °C isotherm), bordering a 14395: 14260: 14143: 13753: 13301: 12913: 12869: 12184: 12063: 12039: 11782:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 11490:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 9544: 9542: 7084: 6391: 5463:in the interwar Lithuania, was born in Odesa. 5415:(1899–1973), the first Chief of Staff of the 5331:(1850–1918) as one of the first spies of the 4167:, with the second largest ethnic group being 3426: 2640:culture and the establishment of a number of 2224:, when the city was finally liberated by the 1732: 19:"Odessa" redirects here. For other uses, see 13729: 11808:"The Pogrom of 1905 in Odessa: A Case Study" 11580:Odessa: Genius and Death in a City of Dreams 11421: 10917: 9550:"All-Ukrainian Census of 2001 Official Site" 8464:Mykhailutsa, Mykola; Niculcea, Igor (2020). 8162: 8015: 7483:, 18 November 2014 (retrieved 2 August 2015) 7183:Długosz, Jan; Hoppe, Samuel Joachim (1711). 7182: 7013: 6314:, Olympic champion in figure skating in 1992 6224:, Olympic champion in figure skating in 1994 6127:. Chornomorets play their home games at the 5215: 2129:A Soviet gun crew in action at Odesa in 1941 1548:and set up the infrastructure in the 1780s. 11882: 11563:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 11488:Commerce in Russian Urban Culture 1861–1914 11459:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 10699:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. 9311:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 8733: 8731: 8013: 8011: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7337: 7335: 7266: 7235: 5292:(1873 - 1934), a poet and innovator in the 5286:(1908–2005) lived in the city in 1934/1935. 4805:just like many other landmarks of the city. 2109:in 1921–1922 due to the Soviet policies of 1978: 14402: 14388: 14274: 14267: 14253: 14150: 14136: 13760: 13746: 13308: 13294: 12876: 12862: 12191: 12177: 12070: 12056: 9539: 9325:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9297: 8339:The Crimean War: The Truth Behind the Myth 7546: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 6957: 5172: 4723:Odesa 'I.I. Mechnykov' National University 3770:Historical ethnic and national composition 2336: 2101:The people of Odesa suffered badly from a 2036:, one of the oldest cinema studios in the 14835:1794 establishments in the Russian Empire 11814:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11740: 11678: 11345: 11279: 11237: 10298: 10296: 10216: 9341:"Одесса в Большой советской энциклопедии" 8481: 8389: 8352: 8227:. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. 7430:, Volume 42, October 1840, p. 19 (a non- 6230:, European Footballer of the Year in 1986 5421:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 5343:in 1920 and reached two-star rank in the 4788: 4356:when 54.28% of the voters voted for him. 1070:UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names 744:, it was an important trading port and a 11953:) is being considered for deletion. See 11887:. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. 11828: 11805: 11613: 11596: 11218: 10690: 10136: 10134: 9203: 8728: 8696: 8141: 8096: 7992: 7332: 6374:(born 1979), football manager and player 6260:(1911–1986), NFL All-Pro football player 6137: 6106: 6012: 6004: 5957: 5851: 5776: 5594: 5552: 5219: 5184: 5176: 5054: 4965: 4870: 4792: 4708: 4598: 4446: 4361: 4306: 4182:made up 62% of the Odesa's inhabitants, 4084: 2594:view of central Odesa, as seen from the 2556:The city's location on the coast of the 2441: 2316: 2285: 2281: 2154: 2124: 1988: 1929: 1753: 1745: 1684: 1555:, on 25 September 1789, a detachment of 1517: 1509: 1329: 14737:Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine 11847: 11717: 11504: 11482: 11451: 11383: 11364: 10380: 10170: 9745: 9589: 9587: 8275: 8052: 7550: 7535: 7302: 6386:(born 2000), professional tennis player 6368:, world champion in rhythmic gymnastics 6362:(born 1994), professional tennis player 5860:The first car in the Russian Empire, a 4814:Odesa Museum of Western and Eastern Art 4751:National University "Odesa Law Academy" 4531:of tunnels beneath Odesa, known as the 4527:. This created a gigantic, complicated 4303:Government and administrative divisions 4284:According to a survey conducted by the 4150:mass deportation to extermination camps 3138:Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 1601:(Iaşi) in 1792 and it became a part of 14797: 11659: 11311: 10975: 10549: 10293: 9727:from the original on 26 September 2023 9175: 8671: 8222: 7852:"Guardian and Observer style guide: O" 6266:(born 1936), football player and coach 6041:system is currently made up of trams, 5676:galleries, one of the city's landmarks 4603:A park at Prymorskiy prospekt in Odesa 4491:; its luxurious hall was built in the 2427:list of world heritage sites in danger 2343:1991 Ukrainian independence referendum 1903:Odesa's growth was interrupted by the 1066:Ukrainian National romanization system 1054:in 1991 (similarly to the spelling of 760:. Its historical architecture is more 342:162.42 km (62.71 sq mi) 14409: 14383: 14248: 14131: 13741: 13728: 13289: 12857: 12172: 12051: 12038: 11883:Zipperstein, Steven J. (1991) . 11848:Herlihy, Patricia (1994). "Review of 11777: 11640: 11402: 11318:. Iaşi: Center for Romanian Studies. 11165:(in Ukrainian). Odesa. Archived from 11109:(in Ukrainian). Odesa. Archived from 11009:"Cable car to beach "Otrada" - Odesa" 10865:"Snap became a resident of UNIT.City" 10774: 10503: 10374: 10362:from the original on 14 November 2016 10341: 10302: 10152:from the original on 18 February 2023 10131: 10119:from the original on 29 December 2019 10104: 10086:from the original on 30 November 2022 10057:from the original on 30 November 2022 9880:from the original on 12 November 2011 9483:from the original on 10 November 2021 9285:from the original on 20 November 2012 8982:from the original on 16 December 2023 8404:from the original on 11 November 2019 8341:, Chatto & Windus, London, 2004, 8296:from the original on 16 December 2023 8231:from the original on 16 December 2023 8083:Łubieński, Tomasz Wentworth. (1886). 8019: 7890:"The ABC Style Guide | About the ABC" 7579:from the original on 16 December 2023 7513:from the original on 16 December 2023 7493:Isaac, Benjamin H. (1 January 1986). 7492: 7193:from the original on 16 December 2023 7072:from the original on 30 December 2022 6284:(born 1975), Olympic champion swimmer 6272:, Olympic silver medalist in shot put 6159:39th European Basketball Championship 5762: 4744:Odesa National Polytechnic University 4406:, and with limited responsibilities. 3400:(humidity 1981–2010, sun 1991–2020) 2364:, the largest of its kind in Europe. 1007:of Empress Catherine II. Catherine's 925: 891: 350:3,656 km (1,412 sq mi) 14845:Populated places established in 1794 11995:(in English, Ukrainian, and Russian) 11987:(in English, Ukrainian, and Russian) 11577: 11273:Bibliography of the history of Odesa 11019:from the original on 4 November 2016 10805:. Odessa-info.com.ua. Archived from 10783:from the original on 21 January 2022 10562:from the original on 20 October 2017 10383:"Ze'ev Jabotinsky – Brief Biography" 10344:"Odessa Celebrates April Fools' Day" 9932:from the original on 15 October 2011 9906:from the original on 19 January 2012 9854:from the original on 29 October 2015 9824:from the original on 19 October 2011 9661:from the original on 28 January 2022 9637: 9611:from the original on 28 January 2022 9584: 9556:from the original on 20 October 2013 9527:from the original on 23 October 2015 9431:from the original on 23 January 2022 9239: 9064:from the original on 26 January 2023 9034:from the original on 26 January 2023 9008:from the original on 1 November 2022 8716:from the original on 6 November 2019 8543:from the original on 6 February 2016 7900:from the original on 5 November 2020 7343:"Odessa: Architecture and Monuments" 7164:from the original on 25 January 2023 5401:and for representing Ukraine in the 5327:(ca.1873–1925), who was employed by 5280:Defense Minister of the Soviet Union 4849:Odesa Museum of the Regional History 4755:Odesa State Environmental University 4594: 4330:, and it is the only constituent of 2509:along the southwestern shore of the 2376:2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine 14815:Populated coastal places in Ukraine 13317:Administrative divisions of Ukraine 11718:Skinner, Frederick W. (1986). 11510:Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts 10703:from the original on 3 January 2015 10672:from the original on 6 January 2024 10524: 10433: 10225:The word that causes death's defeat 10212:Commons:File:Starosinnyi Garden.JPG 9191:from the original on 16 August 2013 9163:from the original on 5 October 2011 8587:"Ukrainian Independence Referendum" 8276:Robarts, Andrew (1 December 2016). 7954: 7106:State Statistics Service of Ukraine 7057: 7024:"Kyiv, Odesa, and what's in a name" 7002:from the original on 10 August 2022 6189:in the women's all-around event at 6115:The most popular sport in Odesa is 6000: 5487:. He was a major figure within the 5204:in and around the city. The city's 4928:(1918–2003), the Ukrainian painter 4879:, National Gallery of Art Library, 4875:The Pushkin Monument, Odesa, 1889, 1889:nature was documented by the great 1442: 965: 783:. The city of Odesa hosts both the 13: 12951: 11266: 10989:from the original on 11 March 2005 10875:from the original on 7 August 2020 10530:von Rhein, John (19 August 2005). 10082:(in Ukrainian). 30 November 2022. 9798:from the original on 27 March 2023 9503:Recensămintele României: 1899–1992 8952:from the original on 5 August 2022 8922:from the original on 5 August 2022 8623:from the original on 31 March 2022 8593:from the original on 14 April 2022 8425:(in Polish). Warszawa: Kancelaria 8390:Tynchenko, Yaros (23 March 2018), 8168: 8065:from the original on 5 August 2022 8034:from the original on 29 March 2022 8028:Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine 7967:from the original on 11 April 2020 7870:from the original on 17 March 2016 7832:from the original on 20 March 2022 7672:from the original on 20 April 2022 7611:from the original on 19 April 2022 7554:Odessa : a history, 1794-1914 7296: 7151: 7104:(in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: 5339:(1900–1945), who joined the Odesa 5247: 5117:One of the most prominent pre-war 4736:Odesa National Economic University 4286:International Republican Institute 4192:International Republican Institute 3421: 2416:faced some Russian bombing attacks 2367:Odesa was a contender for hosting 1828:, unveiled in 1828 to a design by 1396:traded there in the 14th century. 14: 14886: 13942:Museum of Western and Eastern Art 11957:to help reach a consensus. › 11912: 11367:Lieux d'Europe. Mythes et limites 10905:from the original on 15 July 2020 10552:"Barbie Flu Spreading in Ukraine" 10550:Soldak, Katya (17 October 2012). 10323:from the original on 4 March 2016 10107:"How was the City Garden formed?" 9758:from the original on 14 July 2023 9697:from the original on 19 July 2023 9247:"Odesa Climate Normals 1991–2020" 9094:from the original on 23 July 2019 9084:"About change area of Odesa city" 8892:from the original on 2 March 2021 8257:from the original on 29 June 2022 8175:Виникнення і розвиток міста Одеса 7777:from the original on 24 June 2022 7732:from the original on 17 July 2015 7702:from the original on 27 June 2014 7637:from the original on 6 April 2022 7284:from the original on 13 July 2023 7254:from the original on 13 July 2023 7115:from the original on 4 July 2022. 7036:from the original on 12 July 2022 6712: 6290:(born 1983), US chess grandmaster 5781:Odesa has long been an important 5075:, whose series of short stories, 5039:Odesa International Film Festival 4742:(founded 1900), the 1918-founded 4740:Odesa National Medical University 4715:Odesa National Scientific Library 4698:Odesa National Medical University 4581:monument to the founders of Odesa 4475:and many other public buildings. 2187:to extermination camps in German 1634:wooden church of Saint Nicholas. 994:Odesa-mama and the Humour Capital 14820:Port cities and towns in Ukraine 14782: 14770: 14112: 14111: 12884: 12078:Catherinian pseudo-Hellenization 12000:The murder of the Jews of Odessa 11724:The City in Late Imperial Russia 11184: 11151: 11125: 11095: 11069: 11050: 11031: 11001: 10962: 10887: 10857: 10821: 10795: 10768: 10759: 10697:Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine 10684: 10654: 10632: 10613: 10604: 10592:from the original on 24 May 2019 10574: 10543: 10504:Manor, Dalia (3 December 2004). 10497: 10470: 10427: 10401: 10335: 10267: 10241: 10205: 10194: 10164: 10098: 10012: 9986: 9960: 9944: 9918: 9892: 9866: 9810: 9770: 9746:Свобода, Радіо (10 March 2023). 9739: 9709: 9673: 9457:from the original on 4 July 2021 8866:from the original on 9 July 2021 8712:(in Ukrainian). 3 January 2015. 8498:from the original on 21 May 2022 8366:from the original on 4 June 2023 8360:"The Jewish Community of Odessa" 8182:from the original on 9 June 2023 7755:. Oxford University Press. 2023. 7223:from the original on 15 May 2022 6866: 6853: 6840: 6827: 6814: 6801: 6788: 6775: 6762: 6749: 6736: 6723: 6698: 6685: 6672: 6659: 6646: 6633: 6620: 6607: 6594: 6581: 6568: 6555: 6542: 6529: 6516: 6503: 6490: 6477: 6464: 6451: 6438: 6425: 6412: 6074: 5922:), Germany (Berlin, Hamburg and 5698:(Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952), 5690:(Nobel Prize in Medicine 1908), 5665: 5653: 5530:The port of Odesa is one of the 4689: 4673: 4658: 4646: 4502:Odesa's most iconic symbol, the 4416: 2578: 2493:which being part of the greater 2412:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2269: 2257: 2245: 2233: 1553:Russian-Turkish War of 1787–1792 1546:Polish Black Sea Trading Company 1325: 1310: 1298: 1286: 1274: 1258: 1250: 1242: 1230: 1218: 1207: 1195: 1183: 1171: 1159: 1147: 1131: 1119: 1107: 834: 677:List of World Heritage in Danger 257: 189: 182: 156: 149: 125: 115: 101: 64: 11641:Mazis, John Athanasios (2004). 11350:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 11342:Complete book available online. 11197:. University of Toronto Press. 11190: 9623: 9568: 9509: 9495: 9469: 9443: 9413: 9407:"Cities & Towns of Ukraine" 9399: 9381: 9369:from the original on 3 May 2011 9184:Погода и Климат – Климат Одессы 9106: 9046: 9020: 8994: 8964: 8934: 8904: 8878: 8848: 8770: 8665: 8653:from the original on 3 May 2014 8635: 8605: 8579: 8573: 8567: 8561: 8555: 8525: 8519: 8457: 8452:Mykhailutsa & Niculcea 2020 8440:Mykhailutsa & Niculcea 2020 8415: 8331: 8269: 8243: 8223:Morton, Edward (12 July 1830). 8216: 8194: 8156: 8102: 8077: 8053:Штекель, Михайло (2 May 2021). 8046: 7979: 7948: 7912: 7882: 7844: 7814: 7789: 7759: 7744: 7714: 7684: 7649: 7623: 7591: 7525: 7486: 7461: 7437: 7407: 7385: 7365: 7205: 7176: 7152:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 6045:, buses and fixed-route taxis ( 5891:which runs from Odesa, through 5694:(Nobel Prize in Physics 1958), 5534:'s most important bases on the 5181:An aerial image of Beach Chayka 4877:Department of Image Collections 4759:Odesa National Maritime Academy 3407: 2120: 2032:in Odesa. The film was made at 1993:Bolshevik troops entering Odesa 1961:1821, 1859, 1871, 1881 and 1905 1824:Richelieu is commemorated by a 1821:, who succeeded him in office. 1664:, José de Ribas's collaborator 1143:Beginning of 1917–21 Revolution 1094:For a chronological guide, see 14865:1794 establishments in Ukraine 14860:Holocaust locations in Ukraine 14317:Awarded by independent Ukraine 12021:The Jewish Community of Odessa 11922:; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). 11582:. W. W. Norton & Company. 11238:Yefimenko, Aleksandra (2018). 11225:. Odesa: Odesa City Typography 10279:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 8862:(in Ukrainian). 18 July 2020. 7217:«Антидот» і «детокс» від «Дня» 7154:"The Historic Centre of Odesa" 7145: 7119: 6980: 6909: 6338:, Russian ice dancing champion 6181:was born in the city. Gymnast 6091:Boryspil International Airport 6087:Ukraine International Airlines 5848:Roads and automotive transport 5550:via the logistics group HHLA. 5208:is one of the world's leading 4564:, Lutheran St. Paul's Church, 4457:Odesa Opera and Ballet Theater 4354:2020 Mayoral election of Odesa 4347:2015 Mayoral election of Odesa 2222:and recapture on 10 April 1944 1617:where the Turkish fortress of 1338:Odesa was the site of a large 1154:Russian Provisional Government 1: 14432:City of district significance 14427:City of regional significance 11942: 11601:. Moscow: Raduga Publishers. 10641:"Pachmann, Vladimir de" 10582:"Vitaly (VITALIV) Vinogradov" 10385:. Liberal.Org. Archived from 10342:Barry, Ellen (1 April 2013). 9303: 6922: 6153:representing the city in the 5681: 5429:Weizmann Institute of Science 5333:British Secret Service Bureau 5231:celebrations in Odesa in 2016 5050: 4963:(1908–89) was born in Odesa. 4959:(1898–1980). Israeli painter 2497:gradually slopes towards the 2374:The city saw violence in the 1583:in Russian service, Irishman 1528:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 1270:End of the 1917–21 Revolution 723:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 635:) is the third most populous 190: 157: 32:City in Odesa Oblast, Ukraine 14810:Port cities of the Black Sea 11920:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch 11457:Odessa: A History, 1794–1914 11440:(4): 399–420. Archived from 11286:(in Ukrainian). АстроПринт. 10927:Journal of Medical Biography 10775:Preuß, Olaf (1 March 2019). 9315:. St. Petersburg. 1890–1907. 8886:"Нові райони: карти + склад" 7920:"Associated Press Stylebook" 7753:Oxford Dictionary of English 7158:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 6089:through their hub at Kyiv's 5757: 5423:, was born in Odesa, as was 5403:Eurovision Song Contest 2018 5270:there in the early 1920s. A 4955:, Israeli artist and author 4704: 4479:building was constructed by 4409: 2432: 2387:support for joining Russia. 2205:" in 1945. (The others were 2115:Polish Operation of the NKVD 409:6,200/km (16,000/sq mi) 7: 14855:Historic Jewish communities 12956:Coat of arms of Odesa Raion 11346:Friedberg, Maurice (1991). 10540:. Retrieved 29 August 2014. 10142:"Odessa: The Star of Exile" 9928:. Odessa.ua. 1 April 2008. 9902:. Odessa.ua. 1 April 2008. 9876:. Odessa.ua. 14 July 2011. 9820:. Odessa.ua. 1 April 2008. 7058:Lee, Ella (13 April 2022). 6880: 6164: 6155:Ukrainian Basketball League 6080:Odesa International Airport 5953: 5557:Hotel Grand Moscow in Odesa 5475:(1892 – 1946), an American 5272:Marshal of the Soviet Union 4799:Odesa Archaeological Museum 4269: 4266: 4258: 4255: 4247: 4244: 4234: 4231: 4197: 2924:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2784:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2437: 2405:city of oblast significance 2151:Romania during World War II 2086:that supported the Russian 2069:Ukrainian People's Republic 2067:, providing support to the 1739: 976: 955: 921: 887: 725:. In 1794, a decree of the 692:Russian invasion of Ukraine 374:−4.2 m (−13.8 ft) 10: 14891: 14825:Seaside resorts in Ukraine 13665:Claimed and controlled by 13473:Cities with special status 11979:(in Ukrainian and Russian) 11755:10.1177/009614420102700201 11660:Orbach, Alexander (1997). 11388:. Paris: Honoré Champion. 11312:Dallin, Alexander (1998). 11270: 11191:Richardson, Tanya (2008). 10177:"Pushkin, Alexander" 7551:Herlihy, Patricia (1986). 7421:Biblioteka dli͡a chtenii͡a 7321:(1): 53–78. Archived from 6395: 6392:Twin towns – sister cities 6111:The Odesa Palace of Sports 6100: 5978:, Vienna, Berlin, Moscow, 5811:Black Sea Shipping Company 5773:Black Sea Shipping Company 5766: 5505: 5459:(1893–1980), Chief of the 5234: 5043: 4841:Odesa Archeological Museum 4828:, Teniers and Del Piombo. 4781: 4777: 4440: 3395: 3390: 2664: 2603: 2199:"For the Defence of Odesa" 2148: 1982: 1603:Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty 1525: 1093: 1089: 1040:, Odesa Oblast., near the 1028: 811:for a period of 25 years. 542:UNESCO World Heritage Site 18: 14830:Oblast centers in Ukraine 14730: 14647: 14504: 14471: 14440: 14417: 14316: 14282: 14169: 14109: 14078: 14052: 14001: 13950: 13874: 13856:Transfiguration Cathedral 13783: 13735: 13695:Lugansk People's Republic 13691:Donetsk People's Republic 13663: 13512: 13494: 13471: 13338: 13323: 13158: 13033: 12963: 12949: 12911: 12896: 12741: 12273: 12225: 12210: 12083: 12045: 12040:Links to related articles 11984:Official Odesa Map Portal 11854:Journal of Social History 11829:Weinberg, Robert (1993). 11806:Weinberg, Robert (1992). 11434:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 11280:Honcharuk, Taras (2000). 11137:Senatspressestelle Bremen 10691:Kravtsiv, Bohdan (2012). 10483:. Yale University Press. 10448:10.1017/9781009366311.006 10434:Raz, Yosefa, ed. (2023), 10227:. Yale University Press. 9552:. 2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua. 9135:10.1007/s10346-006-0058-8 8304:– via Google Books. 8282:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 8239:– via Google Books. 7521:– via Google Books. 7315:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 7029:Christian Science Monitor 5227:Honour Guards during the 5216:Celebrations and holidays 5157:of the 1950s and 1960s. 5146: 4696:The main building of the 4558:Transfiguration Cathedral 3981:: 120,945 people (49.45%) 3936:: 178,878 people (29.60%) 3930:: 186,610 people (30.88%) 3924:: 200,961 people (33.26%) 3861:: 153,243 people (36.69%) 3855:: 162,789 people (39.97%) 3792:: 124,511 people (30.83%) 3786:: 198,233 people (49.09%) 3762: 3439:— 3343: 3295: 3251: 3207: 3137: 3063: 2993: 2923: 2853: 2783: 2713: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2626:humid subtropical climate 2610:humid continental climate 2016:'s famous motion picture 1879:Greek War of Independence 1733: 1488:Mongol invasion of Europe 1458:(literally "New World"). 1079:Christian Science Monitor 944: 910: 876: 824: 795:, is located in the same 622: 618: 608: 598: 590: 575: 567: 559: 548: 539: 535: 525: 515: 505: 484: 467: 461: 453: 431: 424: 413: 405: 394: 383: 378: 370: 362: 354: 346: 335: 330: 319: 314: 306: 294: 282: 270: 250: 215: 143: 139: 97: 63: 54: 43: 37: 14422:City with special status 13730:Other navigational boxes 12200:Administrative divisions 11955:templates for discussion 11743:Journal of Urban History 11479:(1991 paperback reprint) 11384:Ghervas, Stella (2008). 10803:"Одесса | о городе" 10791:– via www.welt.de. 10666:Museum of Family History 10172:Morfill, William Richard 9183: 9030:. BBC. 26 January 2023. 8759:30 December 2014 at the 8174: 8022: 7092: 6969:13 November 2020 at the 6946:16 December 2023 at the 6902: 6296:, K1 Muay Thai kickboxer 6169:The cyclist and aviator 6125:Ukrainian Premier League 6096: 5946:) and several cities of 5807:fall of the Soviet Union 5624:National Bank of Ukraine 5564:Seventh-Kilometer Market 5451:Emil Grigoryevich Gilels 5200:, with many therapeutic 4889:, the major star of the 4845:Odesa Numismatics Museum 4833:Alexander Pushkin Museum 4729:in 1865 as the Imperial 4665:The Alexander Column in 4044:: 292,000 people (29.0%) 4038:: 622,900 people (61.6%) 3987:: 92,584 people (37.85%) 3867:: 73,453 people (17.59%) 2533:. There are three large 2384:2 May 2014 Odesa clashes 2362:Seventh-Kilometer Market 1979:Beginnings of revolution 1771:and the country houses ( 1668:recommended the area of 1492:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 1427:, Hacıbey or Hocabey in 1383:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1352:Archaeological artifacts 1114:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 717:in 1529, under the name 711:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 709:, which was part of the 684:World Heritage Committee 667:On 25 January 2023, its 583:World Heritage Committee 554:Historic Centre of Odesa 173:Show map of Odesa Oblast 170:Location in Odesa Oblast 87:Opera and Ballet Theatre 14870:Hromadas of Odesa Raion 13937:Regional History Museum 12005:29 January 2022 at the 11969:Official Odesa web page 11935:Encyclopædia Britannica 11614:Makolkin, Anna (2004). 11062:4 November 2016 at the 10940:10.1258/jmb.2008.008006 10829:"Odessa Region Profile" 10647:Encyclopædia Britannica 10187:Encyclopædia Britannica 9968:"Deribasovskaya Street" 9681:"Municipal Survey 2023" 8837:14 January 2015 at the 8821:13 January 2015 at the 8743:28 January 2015 at the 8533:"The Antonescu Paradox" 8320:24 October 2018 at the 8209:Encyclopædia Britannica 8108:Yefimenko, Aleksandra. 7726:Encyclopedia Britannica 7473:24 October 2018 at the 6717:Odesa cooperated with: 6538:, United Kingdom (1957) 6278:, NBA basketball player 6209:Other notable athletes: 6103:Category:Sport in Odesa 5419:, and President of the 5173:Resorts and health care 4392:Khadzhybeiskyi District 3873:: 10,021 people (2.40%) 3810:: 10,248 people (2.54%) 3804:: 17,395 people (4.31%) 3798:: 37,925 people (9.39%) 2608:Odesa has a hot-summer 2337:Independence of Ukraine 2105:that resulted from the 2059:. After signing of the 2018:The Battleship Potemkin 1787:Ottoman plague epidemic 1575:and Yeni Dünya for the 1102:Historical affiliations 1074:Encyclopædia Britannica 814: 651:. The city is also the 366:65 m (213 ft) 358:40 m (130 ft) 235:46.485722°N 30.743444°E 85:; Square de Richelieu; 71:Clockwise from top left 25:Odessa (disambiguation) 14276:Hero Cities of Ukraine 13963:Frantsuzskyi Boulevard 13513:Administrative centers 12957: 11778:Tanny, Jarrod (2011). 11578:King, Charles (2011). 11043:3 October 2019 at the 10934:(2). England: 96–103. 10381:Nissani, Noah (1996). 10303:Tanny, Jarrod (2011). 9900:"City Council members" 9157:"Odessa Climate Guide" 8805:5 October 2021 at the 7450:" is an apposition to 7349:. 2009. Archived from 6434:, United States (1975) 6146: 6112: 6022: 6010: 5963: 5857: 5786: 5600: 5599:Arkadia Beach in Odesa 5558: 5311:Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel 5232: 5193: 5182: 5149:), one of the leading 5064: 4971: 4883: 4806: 4789:Museums, art and music 4727:Alexander II of Russia 4718: 4622:Odesa's largest park, 4604: 4589:Odesa Fine Arts Museum 4463: 4367: 4315: 4090: 4056:: 12,400 people (1.2%) 4050:: 13,300 people (1.3%) 4011:: 3,224 people (1.32%) 4005:: 4,928 people (2.01%) 3999:: 7,488 people (3.06%) 3993:: 8,643 people (3.53%) 3966:: 2,298 people (0.38%) 3960:: 2,573 people (0.43%) 3954:: 4,967 people (0.82%) 3948:: 8,424 people (1.39%) 3942:: 8,829 people (1.46%) 3909:: 1,048 people (0.25%) 3903:: 1,186 people (0.28%) 3897:: 1,377 people (0.33%) 3891:: 1,843 people (0.44%) 3885:: 2,501 people (0.60%) 3879:: 5,522 people (1.32%) 3840:: 1,137 people (0.28%) 3834:: 1,267 people (0.31%) 3828:: 1,401 people (0.35%) 3822:: 1,437 people (0.36%) 3816:: 5,086 people (1.26%) 2495:Eastern European Plain 2451: 2322: 2291: 2160: 2130: 2034:Odesa's Cinema Factory 1994: 1944: 1854:(Italian) Boulevards, 1759: 1751: 1697: 1594:, is named after him. 1542:Antoni Protazy Potocki 1523: 1522:A map of Odesa in 1814 1515: 1514:A map of Odesa in 1794 1408:. During the reign of 1335: 1322: 1052:Ukraine's independence 996:, as well as Southern 986: 779:Odesa is a warm-water 363:Highest elevation 21:Odesa (disambiguation) 14875:Cities in Odesa Raion 13831:Odesa railway station 12955: 12899:Administrative center 12771:Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi 12313:Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi 12240:Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi 12213:Administrative center 11852:by Robert Weinberg". 11597:Kononova, G. (1984). 10968:Gamow, George (1970) 10625:4 August 2021 at the 9395:on 30 September 2007. 9363:2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua 9279:2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua 8782:18 March 2015 at the 8672:Canada (2 May 2014). 8589:. 28 September 2015. 7822:"Definition of ODESA" 7767:"Definition of Odesa" 7378:Collinsdictionary.com 6308:, Soviet chess master 6270:Svetlana Krachevskaya 6252:Valentin Chmerkovskiy 6193:in Barcelona, Spain. 6141: 6121:FC Chornomorets Odesa 6110: 6016: 6008: 5961: 5855: 5780: 5767:Further information: 5598: 5556: 5499:Yefrosyniya Zarnytska 5473:Alexander Olshanetsky 5417:Israel Defense Forces 5370:(1934–2020), writer, 5305:Mendele Mocher Sforim 5235:Further information: 5223: 5188: 5180: 5058: 5044:Further information: 4969: 4874: 4860:can be noted, at the 4796: 4712: 4602: 4450: 4441:Further information: 4365: 4320:administrative centre 4310: 4176:2001 Ukrainian census 4088: 4080:: 2,100 people (0.2%) 4074:: 4,400 people (0.4%) 4068:: 6,400 people (0.6%) 4062:: 7,600 people (0.7%) 3413:Historical population 2445: 2329:environment with the 2320: 2289: 2282:Postwar Soviet period 2163:The city fell to the 2158: 2128: 2065:Austro-Hungarian Army 2057:Odesa Soviet Republic 1992: 1933: 1866:(Albanian) Streets). 1757: 1749: 1688: 1630:, built second after 1521: 1513: 1333: 1104: 653:administrative centre 486: • Summer ( 371:Lowest elevation 14086:Chornomorets Stadium 14034:Transfiguration Park 13978:Prymorskyi Boulevard 13897:Museum of the Cinema 13882:Archeological Museum 13866:Vorontsov Lighthouse 13846:Philharmonic Theater 11866:10.1353/jsh/28.2.435 11403:Gubar, Oleg (2004). 10983:"Odessa Tram Themes" 10901:. 26 December 2019. 10871:. 20 November 2018. 10737:on 29 February 2012. 10105:Gubar, Oleg (2011). 10053:. 30 November 2022. 10024:Місця скорботи Одеси 8483:10.26650/gaad.794916 7987:Franz Steiner Verlag 7858:. 23 December 2020. 6191:1992 Summer Olympics 6129:Chornomorets Stadium 6049:). Odesa also has a 5501:(1867-1936), actress 5461:Lithuanian Air Force 5447:Vladimir de Pachmann 5405:, singing the song " 5260:, was born in Odesa. 5151:literature magazines 5061:School of Stolyarsky 5008:Vladimir de Pachmann 4953:Isaac Frenkel Frenel 4801:was designed in the 4635:Chornomorets Stadium 4628:Emperor Alexander II 4398:Peresypskyi District 4190:A 2015 study by the 4023:: 429 people (0.17%) 4017:: 436 people (0.18%) 3391:Source 1: Pogoda.ru 2714:Record high °C (°F) 2448:Vorontsov Lighthouse 2421:On 25 January 2023, 2144:Lyudmila Pavlichenko 2074:With the end of the 2061:Brest-Litovsk Treaty 2049:Ukrainian-Soviet War 2045:Bolshevik Revolution 1959:were carried out in 1819:Andrault de Langeron 1781:, appointed by Tsar 1561:Zaporozhian Cossacks 1204:Dec. 1918–April 1919 927:[ɐˈdʲes(ː)ə] 669:historic city centre 581:(18th extraordinary 406: • Density 240:46.485722; 30.743444 75:Vorontsov Lighthouse 14024:Luzanivka Hydropark 13983:Rishelievska Street 13958:Derybasivska Street 13951:Streets and squares 13769:Tourist attractions 13496:Autonomous republic 11974:13 May 2020 at the 11907:(paperback reprint) 10755:on 9 November 2007. 9127:2006Lands...3..303C 9060:. 26 January 2023. 9004:. 26 October 2022. 8539:. 5 February 2016. 8442:, pp. 197–198. 8429:. 2016. p. 37. 8253:. 5 December 2015. 8116:4 June 2023 at the 7426:4 June 2023 at the 7278:Contested Histories 6897:The Municipal Guard 6887:Kherson Governorate 6342:Yulia Ryabchinskaya 6276:Viacheslav Kravtsov 6246:Maksim Chmerkovskiy 6021:on Sofievska Street 5795:Port of Chornomorsk 5604:Deribasivska Street 5467:Dmitriy Starovoitov 5457:Stasys Pundzevičius 5258:Sevastopol uprising 5198:tourist destination 5196:Odesa is a popular 4947:Production Manager 4831:Of note is Odesa's 4585:Catherine the Great 4583:with its statue of 4543:Derybasivska Street 4513:Battleship Potemkin 4395:Prymorskyi District 4332:Odesa urban hromada 4253:Other or undecided 4158:emigrated to Israel 3414: 3252:Average snowy days 3208:Average rainy days 2994:Record low °C (°F) 2854:Daily mean °C (°F) 2523:Republic of Moldova 2469: / 2356:base and home to a 2038:former Soviet Union 1999:Russian battleship 1967:region that became 1941:Battleship Potemkin 1934:The 142-metre-long 1812:, he had served in 1662:Catherine the Great 1592:Deribasivska Street 1476:East Central Europe 1267:Feb. 1920–Dec. 1922 1239:Aug. 1919–Feb. 1920 1168:Dec. 1917–Nov. 1918 699:classical antiquity 673:World Heritage Site 301:Odesa urban hromada 231: / 206:Show map of Ukraine 14735:Cities located in 13993:Yevropeiska Square 13927:Numismatics Museum 13902:Museum of Concrete 12958: 12668:Velyka Mykhailivka 12288:Andriievo-Ivanivka 11624:Edwin Mellen Press 11620:Lewiston, New York 11407:. Odesa: Optimum. 11332:on 5 February 2012 10972:, Viking, New York 10845:on 23 October 2012 10749:"Ports of Ukraine" 10348:The New York Times 9792:"Одесская громада" 9347:on 7 January 2007. 8790:(10 December 2014) 8767:(25 December 2014) 8751:(28 December 2014) 8678:The Globe and Mail 8454:, p. 192;198. 8397:The Ukrainian Week 8328:(18 November 2014) 8326:The Ukrainian Week 7801:Collins Dictionary 7633:. 4 October 2018. 7480:The Ukrainian Week 7396:Modest Tabachnikov 6977:(13 November 2020) 6954:(17 November 2020) 6952:The Ukrainian Week 6758:, Lithuania (2004) 6350:(born 1982), boxer 6258:Charles Goldenberg 6147: 6123:, who play in the 6113: 6023: 6011: 5995:Ukrainian Railways 5964: 5858: 5832:to cities such as 5797:(ferry, freight), 5787: 5763:Maritime transport 5724:Aleksandr Lyapunov 5635:free economic zone 5601: 5559: 5368:Mikhail Zhvanetsky 5290:Haim Nahman Bialik 5233: 5194: 5183: 5065: 5046:Union Concert Hall 5004:Benno Moiseiwitsch 5000:Sviatoslav Richter 4972: 4903:Mikhail Zhvanetsky 4884: 4866:Starosinnyi Garden 4864:as well as in the 4807: 4803:Neoclassical style 4719: 4605: 4464: 4368: 4350:Hennadii Trukhanov 4316: 4091: 3412: 2454:Odesa is located ( 2452: 2380:2014 Odesa clashes 2323: 2292: 2161: 2131: 2030:tourist attraction 1995: 1945: 1836:in his travelogue 1760: 1752: 1698: 1643:Suvorov-Rymnikskiy 1615:Khadzhibey Estuary 1524: 1516: 1494:, the lands where 1336: 1293:Kingdom of Romania 1009:Secretary of State 809:free economic zone 591:Reference no. 530:www.omr.gov.ua/en/ 462:одессит, одесситка 347: • Metro 324:Gennadiy Trukhanov 320: • Mayor 77:; Monument to the 14758: 14757: 14752: 14751: 14746: 14745: 14472:500,000-1,000,000 14411:Cities in Ukraine 14377: 14376: 14242: 14241: 14125: 14124: 14091:Kuialnyk Cemetery 14002:Parks and gardens 13917:Literature Museum 13801:Londonskaya Hotel 13722: 13721: 13283: 13282: 12966:Rural settlements 12851: 12850: 12166: 12165: 11800:978-0-253-22328-9 11789:978-0-253-35646-8 11589:978-0-393-07084-2 11545:978-0-8018-9191-5 11532:Herlihy, Patricia 11506:Herlihy, Patricia 11484:Herlihy, Patricia 11453:Herlihy, Patricia 11423:Herlihy, Patricia 11395:978-2-7453-1669-1 11376:978-2-7351-1182-4 11293:978-966-549-450-8 11204:978-0-8020-9563-3 11103:"Міста-побратими" 11066:. odessaguide.net 11038:Odessa tour guide 10517:978-1-134-36782-5 10490:978-0-300-13552-7 10457:978-1-009-36631-1 10316:978-0-253-22328-9 10000:on 4 January 2012 9974:on 4 January 2012 9088:zakon.rada.gov.ua 8978:. 24 April 2022. 8026:[Odesa]. 7698:. 24 April 2020. 7304:Herlihy, Patricia 7133:. 25 January 2023 7032:. 29 March 2022. 6681:, Bulgaria (1958) 6384:Dayana Yastremska 6366:Olena Vitrychenko 6336:Ekaterina Rubleva 6282:Lenny Krayzelburg 6065:funicular railway 5991:socialist-realist 5744:Israel Dostrovsky 5736:Waldemar Haffkine 5732:Alexander Smakula 5720:Leonid Mandelstam 5425:Israel Dostrovsky 5358:Valeria Lukyanova 5276:Rodion Malinovsky 5095:The Three Fat Men 5086:The Twelve Chairs 4961:Avigdor Stematsky 4937:Ioannis Psycharis 4682:Londonskaya Hotel 4595:Parks and gardens 4574:Kuialnyk Cemetery 4566:Brodsky Synagogue 4508:Sergei Eisenstein 4461:Italians of Odesa 4389:Kyivskyi District 4274: 4273: 4206:according to the 3767: 3766: 3404: 3403: 3298:relative humidity 2487:Black Sea Lowland 2473:46.467°N 30.733°E 2185:Jewish population 2107:Russian Civil War 2014:Sergei Eisenstein 1985:Odesa Governorate 1894:Alexander Pushkin 1885:in 1818. Odesa's 1810:French Revolution 1799:Italians of Odesa 1769:military barracks 1692:'s statue of the 1565:Alexander Suvorov 1431:, and Hacıbey in 1406:Republic of Genoa 1096:Timeline of Odesa 974: 953: 919: 885: 675:and added to the 626: 625: 586: 395: • Rank 326:(Truth and Deeds) 14882: 14787: 14786: 14785: 14775: 14774: 14773: 14766: 14404: 14397: 14390: 14381: 14380: 14269: 14262: 14255: 14246: 14245: 14152: 14145: 14138: 14129: 14128: 14115: 14114: 14014:Botanical Garden 13973:Italiiska Street 13907:Holocaust Museum 13861:Vorontsov Palace 13841:Odesa University 13762: 13755: 13748: 13739: 13738: 13726: 13725: 13310: 13303: 13296: 13287: 13286: 13162: 13037: 12967: 12915: 12888: 12878: 12871: 12864: 12855: 12854: 12193: 12186: 12179: 12170: 12169: 12072: 12065: 12058: 12049: 12048: 12036: 12035: 11996: 11988: 11980: 11939: 11927: 11898: 11877: 11844: 11825: 11793: 11774: 11737: 11714: 11675: 11656: 11637: 11610: 11593: 11574: 11555:Patricia Herlihy 11549: 11527: 11501: 11470: 11448: 11446: 11431: 11418: 11399: 11380: 11361: 11341: 11339: 11337: 11328:. Archived from 11308: 11297: 11262: 11260: 11258: 11234: 11232: 11230: 11215: 11213: 11211: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11174: 11159:"Міста-партнери" 11155: 11149: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11129: 11123: 11122: 11120: 11118: 11099: 11093: 11092: 11090: 11088: 11083:on 11 April 2013 11079:. Archived from 11073: 11067: 11054: 11048: 11035: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11005: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10979: 10973: 10966: 10960: 10959: 10921: 10915: 10914: 10912: 10910: 10891: 10885: 10884: 10882: 10880: 10861: 10855: 10854: 10852: 10850: 10844: 10833: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10799: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10772: 10766: 10763: 10757: 10756: 10751:. Archived from 10745: 10739: 10738: 10733:. Archived from 10723: 10717: 10716: 10710: 10708: 10688: 10682: 10681: 10679: 10677: 10658: 10652: 10651: 10643: 10636: 10630: 10617: 10611: 10608: 10602: 10601: 10599: 10597: 10578: 10572: 10571: 10569: 10567: 10547: 10541: 10528: 10522: 10521: 10501: 10495: 10494: 10474: 10468: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10431: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10420: 10405: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10394: 10378: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10339: 10333: 10332: 10330: 10328: 10300: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10281:. 6 October 2013 10271: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10245: 10239: 10238: 10220: 10214: 10209: 10203: 10198: 10192: 10191: 10179: 10168: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10157: 10138: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10124: 10118: 10111: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10091: 10079:Ukrainska Pravda 10066: 10064: 10062: 10041: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10030: 10016: 10010: 10009: 10007: 10005: 9996:. Archived from 9990: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9970:. Archived from 9964: 9958: 9948: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9922: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9911: 9896: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9840: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9829: 9814: 9808: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9774: 9768: 9767: 9765: 9763: 9754:(in Ukrainian). 9743: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9721:Суспільне Новини 9713: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9702: 9696: 9685: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9660: 9649: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9627: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9610: 9599: 9591: 9582: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9546: 9537: 9536: 9534: 9532: 9521:ukrcensus.gov.ua 9513: 9507: 9506: 9499: 9493: 9492: 9490: 9488: 9479:. Demoscope.ru. 9473: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9453:. Demoscope.ru. 9447: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9417: 9411: 9410: 9403: 9397: 9396: 9391:. Archived from 9385: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9374: 9355: 9349: 9348: 9343:. Archived from 9337: 9331: 9330: 9324: 9316: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9271: 9265: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9251: 9243: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9226: 9220:. Archived from 9215: 9207: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9090:(in Ukrainian). 9080: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9050: 9044: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9024: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9013: 8998: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8948:(in Ukrainian). 8938: 8932: 8931: 8929: 8927: 8918:(in Ukrainian). 8908: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8882: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8852: 8846: 8845:(5 January 2015) 8829:(5 January 2015) 8827:The Moscow Times 8813:(5 January 2015) 8797: 8791: 8788:The Moscow Times 8774: 8768: 8765:Interfax-Ukraine 8735: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8709:Dzerkalo Tyzhnia 8700: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8689: 8680:. Archived from 8669: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8619:(in Ukrainian). 8609: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8583: 8577: 8571: 8565: 8559: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8529: 8523: 8517: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8485: 8461: 8455: 8449: 8443: 8437: 8431: 8430: 8419: 8413: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8387: 8376: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8356: 8350: 8337:Clive Pointing, 8335: 8329: 8312: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8205: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8145: 8139: 8122: 8106: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8081: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8061:(in Ukrainian). 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8017: 7990: 7989:, p. 41, n. 116. 7983: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7939: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7916: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7894:about.abc.net.au 7886: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7848: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7763: 7757: 7756: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7671: 7664: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7610: 7604:. 2–6 May 2011. 7603: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7548: 7533: 7529: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7490: 7484: 7465: 7459: 7456:Northern Palmyra 7441: 7435: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7339: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7312: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7270: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7180: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7103: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7055: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7020: 7011: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7001: 6994: 6984: 6978: 6975:Atlantic Council 6961: 6955: 6939: 6935: 6916: 6913: 6871: 6870: 6862:, Austria (2006) 6858: 6857: 6845: 6844: 6836:, Georgia (1996) 6832: 6831: 6823:, Estonia (1997) 6819: 6818: 6806: 6805: 6797:, Belarus (1996) 6793: 6792: 6784:, Morocco (2019) 6780: 6779: 6767: 6766: 6754: 6753: 6741: 6740: 6732:, Belarus (2004) 6728: 6727: 6703: 6702: 6694:, Armenia (1995) 6690: 6689: 6677: 6676: 6664: 6663: 6655:, Hungary (1977) 6651: 6650: 6642:, Croatia (1964) 6638: 6637: 6629:, Germany (1990) 6625: 6624: 6612: 6611: 6599: 6598: 6590:, Finland (1957) 6586: 6585: 6573: 6572: 6560: 6559: 6547: 6546: 6534: 6533: 6521: 6520: 6508: 6507: 6495: 6494: 6482: 6481: 6473:, Romania (1991) 6469: 6468: 6460:, Moldova (1994) 6456: 6455: 6447:, Germany (2023) 6443: 6442: 6430: 6429: 6417: 6416: 6378:Yakov Zheleznyak 6354:Michael Shmerkin 6318:Vladimir Portnoi 6300:Yevgeny Lapinsky 6264:Viktor Kanevskyi 6001:Public transport 5868:("Odesa leaf"). 5748:Catherine Chamié 5740:Valentin Glushko 5712:Vladimir Filatov 5700:Dmitri Mendeleev 5669: 5657: 5573:Dzerkalo Tyzhnia 5495:, born in Odesa. 5407:Under the Ladder 5398:X-Factor Ukraine 5337:Genrikh Lyushkov 5329:William Melville 5284:Simon Wiesenthal 5264:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 5242:April Fools' Day 5148: 5103:Margarita Aliger 5012:Shura Cherkassky 4976:Pyotr Stolyarsky 4930:Mickola Vorokhta 4881:Washington, D.C. 4862:Vorontsov Palace 4810:Fine Arts museum 4784:Culture of Odesa 4763:merchant marines 4693: 4677: 4667:Schevchenko Park 4662: 4650: 4639:Taras Shevchenko 4420: 4213: 4212: 4154:Second World War 3428: 3423: 3415: 3411: 2662: 2661: 2582: 2491:Southern Ukraine 2484: 2483: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2302:neighborhood of 2273: 2261: 2249: 2237: 2174:city's catacombs 2139:defense of Odesa 2092:Nykyfor Hryhoriv 2023:Duc de Richelieu 1923:as well as with 1839:Innocents Abroad 1806:Duc de Richelieu 1779:Duc de Richelieu 1742: 1736: 1735: 1717:Paul I of Russia 1694:Duc de Richelieu 1613:, including the 1482:who established 1443:Ottoman conquest 1340:Greek settlement 1315: 1314: 1313: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1058:versus Kiev). 1030: 1012:Adrian Gribovsky 979: 969: 967: 958: 948: 946: 937: 936: 935: 929: 924: 914: 912: 903: 902: 901: 895: 893:[oˈdɛsɐ] 890: 880: 878: 866: 860: 859: 856: 855: 852: 849: 846: 843: 840: 832: 831: 827: 754:Saint Petersburg 688:bombing of Odesa 666: 580: 491: 463: 455: 454:одесит, одеситка 447: 263: 261: 260: 246: 245: 243: 242: 241: 236: 232: 229: 228: 227: 224: 207: 193: 192: 186: 174: 160: 159: 153: 129: 119: 105: 79:Duc de Richelieu 68: 46: 45: 35: 34: 14890: 14889: 14885: 14884: 14883: 14881: 14880: 14879: 14795: 14794: 14793: 14783: 14781: 14771: 14769: 14761: 14759: 14754: 14753: 14748: 14747: 14742: 14726: 14692:Sievierodonetsk 14648:100,000-200,000 14643: 14629:Ivano-Frankivsk 14505:200,000-500,000 14500: 14467: 14436: 14413: 14408: 14378: 14373: 14312: 14283:Awarded by the 14278: 14273: 14243: 14238: 14165: 14156: 14126: 14121: 14105: 14074: 14070:Luzanivka Beach 14048: 14029:Shevchenko Park 13997: 13946: 13922:Maritime Museum 13870: 13851:Potemkin Stairs 13779: 13766: 13731: 13723: 13718: 13716: 13708: 13685: 13659: 13584:Sievierodonetsk 13550:Ivano-Frankivsk 13508: 13490: 13467: 13373:Ivano-Frankivsk 13334: 13319: 13314: 13284: 13279: 13154: 13029: 12959: 12947: 12907: 12892: 12882: 12852: 12847: 12737: 12688:Velykyi Buialyk 12269: 12221: 12206: 12197: 12167: 12162: 12079: 12076: 12041: 12007:Wayback Machine 11994: 11986: 11978: 11976:Wayback Machine 11958: 11915: 11910: 11895: 11841: 11822: 11790: 11734: 11695:10.2307/2697495 11672: 11653: 11634: 11599:Odessa: A Guide 11590: 11571: 11560:Odessa Memories 11546: 11524: 11498: 11467: 11447:on 29 May 2008. 11444: 11429: 11415: 11396: 11377: 11358: 11335: 11333: 11326: 11294: 11275: 11269: 11267:Further reading 11256: 11254: 11252: 11228: 11226: 11209: 11207: 11205: 11187: 11182: 11172: 11170: 11169:on 1 April 2019 11157: 11156: 11152: 11142: 11140: 11131: 11130: 11126: 11116: 11114: 11113:on 1 April 2019 11101: 11100: 11096: 11086: 11084: 11075: 11074: 11070: 11064:Wayback Machine 11055: 11051: 11045:Wayback Machine 11036: 11032: 11022: 11020: 11007: 11006: 11002: 10992: 10990: 10981: 10980: 10976: 10967: 10963: 10922: 10918: 10908: 10906: 10893: 10892: 10888: 10878: 10876: 10863: 10862: 10858: 10848: 10846: 10842: 10831: 10827: 10826: 10822: 10812: 10810: 10801: 10800: 10796: 10786: 10784: 10773: 10769: 10764: 10760: 10747: 10746: 10742: 10725: 10724: 10720: 10706: 10704: 10689: 10685: 10675: 10673: 10660: 10659: 10655: 10638: 10637: 10633: 10629:(in Belarusian) 10627:Wayback Machine 10618: 10614: 10609: 10605: 10595: 10593: 10588:. Zet Gallery. 10580: 10579: 10575: 10565: 10563: 10548: 10544: 10537:Chicago Tribune 10529: 10525: 10518: 10502: 10498: 10491: 10475: 10471: 10462: 10460: 10458: 10432: 10428: 10418: 10416: 10407: 10406: 10402: 10392: 10390: 10389:on 20 June 2009 10379: 10375: 10365: 10363: 10340: 10336: 10326: 10324: 10317: 10301: 10294: 10284: 10282: 10273: 10272: 10268: 10258: 10256: 10247: 10246: 10242: 10235: 10221: 10217: 10210: 10206: 10199: 10195: 10169: 10165: 10155: 10153: 10140: 10139: 10132: 10122: 10120: 10116: 10112:. Odessitclub. 10109: 10103: 10099: 10089: 10087: 10068: 10067: 10060: 10058: 10043: 10042: 10038: 10028: 10026: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10003: 10001: 9992: 9991: 9987: 9977: 9975: 9966: 9965: 9961: 9949: 9945: 9935: 9933: 9924: 9923: 9919: 9909: 9907: 9898: 9897: 9893: 9883: 9881: 9872: 9871: 9867: 9857: 9855: 9848:interfax.com.ua 9842: 9841: 9837: 9827: 9825: 9816: 9815: 9811: 9801: 9799: 9790: 9789: 9785: 9776: 9775: 9771: 9761: 9759: 9744: 9740: 9730: 9728: 9715: 9714: 9710: 9700: 9698: 9694: 9683: 9679: 9678: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9658: 9647: 9643: 9642: 9638: 9633:(in Ukrainian). 9629: 9628: 9624: 9614: 9612: 9608: 9597: 9593: 9592: 9585: 9573: 9569: 9559: 9557: 9548: 9547: 9540: 9530: 9528: 9515: 9514: 9510: 9501: 9500: 9496: 9486: 9484: 9475: 9474: 9470: 9460: 9458: 9449: 9448: 9444: 9434: 9432: 9419: 9418: 9414: 9405: 9404: 9400: 9387: 9386: 9382: 9372: 9370: 9357: 9356: 9352: 9339: 9338: 9334: 9318: 9317: 9302: 9298: 9288: 9286: 9273: 9272: 9268: 9258: 9256: 9249: 9245: 9244: 9240: 9230: 9228: 9227:on 17 July 2021 9224: 9213: 9209: 9208: 9204: 9194: 9192: 9185: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9166: 9164: 9155: 9154: 9150: 9111: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9082: 9081: 9077: 9067: 9065: 9052: 9051: 9047: 9037: 9035: 9026: 9025: 9021: 9011: 9009: 9000: 8999: 8995: 8985: 8983: 8970: 8969: 8965: 8955: 8953: 8940: 8939: 8935: 8925: 8923: 8910: 8909: 8905: 8895: 8893: 8884: 8883: 8879: 8869: 8867: 8854: 8853: 8849: 8839:Wayback Machine 8830: 8823:Wayback Machine 8814: 8807:Wayback Machine 8798: 8794: 8784:Wayback Machine 8775: 8771: 8761:Wayback Machine 8752: 8745:Wayback Machine 8736: 8729: 8719: 8717: 8702: 8701: 8697: 8687: 8685: 8670: 8666: 8656: 8654: 8641: 8640: 8636: 8626: 8624: 8611: 8610: 8606: 8596: 8594: 8585: 8584: 8580: 8572: 8568: 8560: 8556: 8546: 8544: 8531: 8530: 8526: 8518: 8511: 8501: 8499: 8462: 8458: 8450: 8446: 8438: 8434: 8421: 8420: 8416: 8407: 8405: 8388: 8379: 8369: 8367: 8358: 8357: 8353: 8336: 8332: 8322:Wayback Machine 8313: 8309: 8299: 8297: 8290: 8274: 8270: 8260: 8258: 8249: 8248: 8244: 8234: 8232: 8221: 8217: 8200: 8199: 8195: 8185: 8183: 8176: 8167: 8163: 8155: 8148: 8140: 8125: 8118:Wayback Machine 8107: 8103: 8095: 8091: 8082: 8078: 8068: 8066: 8051: 8047: 8037: 8035: 8024: 8020:Vermenych, Ya. 8018: 7993: 7984: 7980: 7970: 7968: 7961:odessaguide.net 7955:Kalinin, Igor. 7953: 7949: 7933: 7932: 7925: 7923: 7918: 7917: 7913: 7903: 7901: 7888: 7887: 7883: 7873: 7871: 7850: 7849: 7845: 7835: 7833: 7826:Merriam-Webster 7820: 7819: 7815: 7805: 7803: 7795: 7794: 7790: 7780: 7778: 7765: 7764: 7760: 7750: 7749: 7745: 7735: 7733: 7720: 7719: 7715: 7705: 7703: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7675: 7673: 7669: 7662: 7654: 7650: 7640: 7638: 7629: 7628: 7624: 7614: 7612: 7608: 7601: 7597: 7596: 7592: 7582: 7580: 7565: 7549: 7536: 7530: 7526: 7516: 7514: 7507: 7491: 7487: 7475:Wayback Machine 7466: 7462: 7442: 7438: 7428:Wayback Machine 7412: 7408: 7398: 7390: 7386: 7371: 7370: 7366: 7356: 7354: 7353:on 6 March 2012 7341: 7340: 7333: 7328:on 29 May 2008. 7325: 7310: 7301: 7297: 7287: 7285: 7272: 7271: 7267: 7257: 7255: 7240: 7236: 7226: 7224: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7196: 7194: 7181: 7177: 7167: 7165: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7125: 7124: 7120: 7112: 7101: 7094: 7090: 7089: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7056: 7049: 7039: 7037: 7022: 7021: 7014: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6971:Wayback Machine 6962: 6958: 6948:Wayback Machine 6937: 6936: 6929: 6925: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6910: 6905: 6883: 6878: 6875:, Poland (2005) 6865: 6852: 6839: 6826: 6813: 6800: 6787: 6774: 6771:, Cyprus (2004) 6761: 6748: 6745:, Poland (1996) 6735: 6722: 6715: 6710: 6697: 6684: 6671: 6668:, Canada (1944) 6658: 6645: 6632: 6619: 6606: 6603:, Greece (1993) 6593: 6580: 6577:, Cyprus (1996) 6567: 6564:, France (1973) 6554: 6551:, Poland (1993) 6541: 6528: 6515: 6512:, Turkey (1997) 6502: 6499:, Israel (1992) 6489: 6476: 6463: 6450: 6437: 6424: 6411: 6400: 6394: 6389: 6360:Elina Svitolina 6330:Theodore Rezvoy 6324:Vitaliy Pushkar 6312:Viktor Petrenko 6196:Figure skaters 6171:Sergei Utochkin 6167: 6105: 6099: 6077: 6062:Potemkin Stairs 6003: 5956: 5866:Odesskii listok 5850: 5775: 5765: 5760: 5704:Nikolay Pirogov 5688:Illya Mechnikov 5684: 5677: 5670: 5661: 5658: 5508: 5489:Yiddish theatre 5250: 5248:Notable Odesans 5239: 5218: 5175: 5147:Юность, Yunost' 5135:Russian writers 5123:Valentin Kataev 5053: 5048: 4992:Boris Goldstein 4980:Nathan Milstein 4891:Yiddish theatre 4791: 4786: 4780: 4707: 4700: 4694: 4685: 4678: 4669: 4663: 4654: 4651: 4624:Shevchenko Park 4597: 4570:Al-Salam Mosque 4533:Odesa catacombs 4504:Potemkin Stairs 4469:Francesco Boffo 4453:Italian baroque 4445: 4443:Odesa catacombs 4439: 4438: 4437: 4436: 4434:Potemkin Stairs 4426: 4421: 4412: 4383:urban districts 4312:Odesa City Hall 4305: 4204:native language 4200: 4083: 3772: 3410: 3405: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2624:) as well as a 2606: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2588: 2583: 2570:above sea level 2537:near the city: 2531:above sea level 2477: 2475: 2471: 2468: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2440: 2435: 2393:Zorian Shkiryak 2339: 2284: 2277: 2274: 2265: 2262: 2253: 2250: 2241: 2238: 2189:occupied Poland 2153: 2123: 2053:second of which 2047:in 1917 during 1987: 1981: 1936:Potemkin Stairs 1913:Imperial French 1896:, who lived in 1765:Orthodox church 1725: 1666:Franz de Voland 1637:By the Highest 1599:Treaty of Jassy 1538:Voivode of Kiev 1530: 1472:Black Sea trade 1464: 1445: 1379:Crimean Khanate 1328: 1323: 1320: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1299: 1297: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1284: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1259: 1257: 1251: 1249: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1231: 1229: 1228: 1227:April–Aug. 1919 1219: 1217: 1208: 1206: 1205: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1192:March–Dec. 1918 1190:Ukrainian State 1184: 1182: 1181: 1180:Jan.–March 1918 1172: 1170: 1169: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1132: 1130: 1129: 1120: 1118: 1117: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1092: 1042:Tylihul Estuary 931: 930: 897: 896: 864: 837: 833: 829: 825: 817: 727:Russian empress 671:was declared a 664: 544: 511: 485: 456: 448: 307:First mentioned 258: 256: 239: 237: 233: 230: 225: 222: 220: 218: 217: 211: 210: 209: 208: 205: 204: 203:Odesa (Ukraine) 201: 200: 199: 198: 194: 177: 176: 175: 172: 171: 168: 167: 166: 165: 161: 135: 134: 133: 132: 123: 122: 111: 110: 109: 108: 93: 83:Potemkin Stairs 59: 50: 47: 40: 33: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14888: 14878: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14792: 14791: 14779: 14756: 14755: 14750: 14749: 14744: 14743: 14741: 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14104: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14082: 14080: 14076: 14075: 14073: 14072: 14067: 14065:Langeron Beach 14062: 14056: 14054: 14050: 14049: 14047: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14005: 14003: 13999: 13998: 13996: 13995: 13990: 13988:Soborna Square 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13968:Hretska Square 13965: 13960: 13954: 13952: 13948: 13947: 13945: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13932:Pushkin Museum 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13878: 13876: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13806:Maraslis House 13803: 13798: 13793: 13787: 13785: 13781: 13780: 13765: 13764: 13757: 13750: 13742: 13736: 13733: 13732: 13720: 13719: 13664: 13661: 13660: 13658: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13516: 13514: 13510: 13509: 13507: 13506: 13500: 13498: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13488: 13483: 13477: 13475: 13469: 13468: 13466: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13370: 13365: 13363:Dnipropetrovsk 13360: 13355: 13350: 13344: 13342: 13336: 13335: 13324: 13321: 13320: 13313: 13312: 13305: 13298: 13290: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13255:Velykyi Dalnyk 13252: 13250:Velykodolynske 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13166: 13164: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13152: 13150:Velykyi Dalnyk 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13125:Stara Emetivka 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13041: 13039: 13031: 13030: 13028: 13027: 13025:Velykodolynske 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 13000:Nova Kovalivka 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12971: 12969: 12961: 12960: 12950: 12948: 12946: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12919: 12917: 12909: 12908: 12897: 12894: 12893: 12881: 12880: 12873: 12866: 12858: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12747: 12745: 12739: 12738: 12736: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12683:Velykyi Dalnyk 12680: 12675: 12673:Velykodolynske 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12393:Karolino-Buhaz 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12279: 12277: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12231: 12229: 12223: 12222: 12211: 12208: 12207: 12196: 12195: 12188: 12181: 12173: 12164: 12163: 12161: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12084: 12081: 12080: 12075: 12074: 12067: 12060: 12052: 12046: 12043: 12042: 12033: 12032: 12027: 12018: 11997: 11989: 11981: 11966: 11940: 11930:Chisholm, Hugh 11925:"Odessa" 11914: 11913:External links 11911: 11909: 11908: 11893: 11880: 11879: 11878: 11860:(2): 435–437. 11839: 11826: 11820: 11803: 11788: 11775: 11749:(2): 131–157. 11738: 11732: 11715: 11689:(4): 781–801. 11676: 11670: 11657: 11651: 11638: 11632: 11611: 11594: 11588: 11575: 11569: 11550: 11544: 11528: 11522: 11502: 11496: 11480: 11465: 11449: 11419: 11413: 11400: 11394: 11381: 11375: 11362: 11356: 11343: 11324: 11309: 11298: 11292: 11276: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11250: 11235: 11216: 11203: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11180: 11150: 11124: 11094: 11068: 11049: 11047:. leodessa.com 11030: 11000: 10974: 10961: 10916: 10886: 10856: 10820: 10809:on 24 May 2013 10794: 10767: 10758: 10740: 10731:ukrport.org.ua 10718: 10683: 10653: 10631: 10612: 10603: 10573: 10542: 10523: 10516: 10496: 10489: 10469: 10456: 10426: 10400: 10373: 10334: 10315: 10292: 10266: 10240: 10233: 10215: 10204: 10193: 10182:Chisholm, Hugh 10163: 10130: 10097: 10036: 10011: 9985: 9959: 9943: 9917: 9891: 9865: 9835: 9809: 9783: 9769: 9738: 9708: 9688:ratinggroup.ua 9672: 9636: 9622: 9583: 9567: 9538: 9508: 9494: 9468: 9442: 9412: 9398: 9380: 9350: 9332: 9296: 9266: 9238: 9202: 9174: 9148: 9121:(4): 303–309. 9105: 9075: 9045: 9019: 8993: 8963: 8933: 8903: 8877: 8847: 8811:New York Times 8792: 8769: 8727: 8695: 8664: 8649:. 2 May 2014. 8634: 8604: 8578: 8566: 8554: 8537:Foreign Policy 8524: 8509: 8456: 8444: 8432: 8414: 8377: 8351: 8330: 8307: 8288: 8268: 8242: 8215: 8193: 8161: 8146: 8144:, p. 184. 8123: 8111:Ochakov Oblast 8101: 8099:, p. 183. 8089: 8076: 8045: 7991: 7978: 7947: 7911: 7881: 7843: 7813: 7788: 7758: 7743: 7713: 7683: 7648: 7622: 7590: 7563: 7534: 7524: 7505: 7485: 7460: 7452:St. Petersburg 7436: 7416:St. Petersburg 7406: 7384: 7364: 7331: 7295: 7280:. 5 May 2022. 7265: 7234: 7204: 7175: 7144: 7118: 7083: 7047: 7012: 6979: 6956: 6938:(in Ukrainian) 6926: 6924: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6863: 6850: 6849:, Chile (2004) 6837: 6824: 6811: 6810:, China (2008) 6798: 6785: 6772: 6759: 6746: 6733: 6719: 6714: 6713:Partner cities 6711: 6709: 6708: 6707:, Japan (1968) 6695: 6682: 6669: 6656: 6643: 6630: 6617: 6616:, China (1993) 6604: 6591: 6578: 6565: 6552: 6539: 6526: 6525:, India (1986) 6513: 6500: 6487: 6486:, Italy (1972) 6474: 6461: 6448: 6435: 6422: 6421:, Egypt (1968) 6408: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6372:Andriy Voronin 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6294:Artur Kyshenko 6291: 6285: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6237: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6212: 6198:Oksana Grishuk 6187:Shannon Miller 6166: 6163: 6098: 6095: 6076: 6073: 6039:public transit 6002: 5999: 5984:Russian Empire 5980:St. Petersburg 5955: 5952: 5849: 5846: 5803:Ukrainian Navy 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5696:Selman Waksman 5683: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5671: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5652: 5562:the city. The 5532:Ukrainian Navy 5507: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5496: 5470: 5464: 5454: 5444: 5438: 5432: 5410: 5389: 5383: 5365: 5355: 5352:Jacob Weinberg 5348: 5322: 5315:École de Paris 5308: 5287: 5261: 5249: 5246: 5225:Ukrainian Navy 5217: 5214: 5174: 5171: 5119:Soviet writers 5111:Leone Ginzburg 5081:Ilf and Petrov 5069:Anna Akhmatova 5052: 5049: 5020:Maria Grinberg 4984:David Oistrakh 4949:Baruch Agadati 4899:Yakov Smirnoff 4790: 4787: 4782:Main article: 4779: 4776: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4695: 4688: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4670: 4664: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4645: 4596: 4593: 4473:Potocki Palace 4455:facade of the 4427: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4400: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4304: 4301: 4272: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4199: 4196: 4114:Crimean Tatars 4082: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4032: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3975: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3961: 3955: 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3393: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3346:sunshine hours 3341: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2660: 2618:cold semi-arid 2605: 2602: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2577: 2576: 2575: 2478:46.467; 30.733 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2338: 2335: 2310:to Moscow and 2304:Brighton Beach 2283: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2232: 2195:A Soviet medal 2181:Odesa massacre 2122: 2119: 2111:prodrazverstka 2096:Triple Entente 2043:Following the 1980: 1977: 1898:internal exile 1883:Constantinople 1724: 1721: 1577:Russian Empire 1557:Russian forces 1468:series of wars 1463: 1460: 1444: 1441: 1404:colony of the 1394:Crimean Tatars 1387:Ottoman Empire 1327: 1324: 1138:Russian Empire 1126:Ottoman Empire 1101: 1100: 1091: 1088: 990: 989: 980: 959: 938: 904: 870: 816: 813: 789:Port Pivdennyi 715:Ottoman Empire 631:(also spelled 624: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 612: 606: 605: 600: 596: 595: 592: 588: 587: 577: 573: 572: 569: 565: 564: 561: 557: 556: 550: 546: 545: 540: 537: 536: 533: 532: 527: 523: 522: 519: 513: 512: 509: 507: 503: 502: 492: 482: 481: 471: 465: 464: 428: 422: 421: 418: 411: 410: 407: 403: 402: 396: 392: 391: 388: 381: 380: 376: 375: 372: 368: 367: 364: 360: 359: 356: 352: 351: 348: 344: 343: 340: 333: 332: 328: 327: 321: 317: 316: 312: 311: 308: 304: 303: 298: 292: 291: 286: 280: 279: 274: 268: 267: 254: 248: 247: 213: 212: 202: 196: 195: 188: 187: 181: 180: 179: 178: 169: 163: 162: 155: 154: 148: 147: 146: 145: 144: 141: 140: 137: 136: 130: 124: 120: 114: 113: 112: 106: 100: 99: 98: 95: 94: 69: 61: 60: 55: 52: 51: 48: 41: 38: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14887: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14850:Odessky Uyezd 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14802: 14800: 14790: 14780: 14778: 14768: 14767: 14764: 14739: 14738: 14733: 14732: 14729: 14723: 14722: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 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13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13912:Jewish Museum 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13879: 13877: 13873: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13821:Odesa Passage 13819: 13817: 13816:Opera Theater 13814: 13812: 13811:Mayurov House 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13791:Bristol Hotel 13789: 13788: 13786: 13782: 13778: 13774: 13770: 13763: 13758: 13756: 13751: 13749: 13744: 13743: 13740: 13734: 13727: 13715: 13712: 13707: 13704: 13700: 13696: 13692: 13689: 13684: 13680: 13676: 13672: 13668: 13662: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13585: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13570:Kropyvnytskyi 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13545: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13517: 13515: 13511: 13505: 13502: 13501: 13499: 13497: 13493: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13478: 13476: 13474: 13470: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13345: 13343: 13341: 13337: 13333: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13318: 13311: 13306: 13304: 13299: 13297: 13292: 13291: 13288: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13167: 13165: 13163: 13157: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13120:Shyroka Balka 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13110:Nova Emetivka 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13032: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13010:Oleksandrivka 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12968: 12962: 12954: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12920: 12918: 12916: 12910: 12906: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12891: 12887: 12879: 12874: 12872: 12867: 12865: 12860: 12859: 12856: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12808: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 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12004: 12001: 11998: 11993: 11990: 11985: 11982: 11977: 11973: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11961: 11956: 11952: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11937: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11917: 11916: 11906: 11905:0-8047-1962-4 11902: 11899:(hardcover), 11896: 11894:0-8047-1251-4 11890: 11886: 11881: 11875: 11871: 11867: 11863: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11846: 11845: 11842: 11840:0-253-36381-0 11836: 11832: 11827: 11823: 11821:0-521-40532-7 11817: 11813: 11809: 11804: 11801: 11797: 11794:(hardcover); 11791: 11785: 11781: 11776: 11772: 11768: 11764: 11760: 11756: 11752: 11748: 11744: 11739: 11735: 11733:0-253-31370-8 11729: 11725: 11721: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11700: 11696: 11692: 11688: 11684: 11683: 11682:Slavic Review 11677: 11673: 11671:90-04-06175-4 11667: 11663: 11658: 11654: 11652:0-88033-545-9 11648: 11644: 11639: 11635: 11633:0-7734-6272-4 11629: 11625: 11621: 11617: 11612: 11608: 11604: 11600: 11595: 11591: 11585: 11581: 11576: 11572: 11570:0-295-98345-0 11566: 11562: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11547: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11523:3-421-05522-X 11519: 11515: 11511: 11507: 11503: 11499: 11497:0-8018-6750-9 11493: 11489: 11485: 11481: 11478: 11477:0-916458-43-1 11474: 11471:(hardcover), 11468: 11466:0-916458-15-6 11462: 11458: 11454: 11450: 11443: 11439: 11435: 11428: 11425:(1979–1980). 11424: 11420: 11416: 11414:966-8072-86-3 11410: 11406: 11401: 11397: 11391: 11387: 11382: 11378: 11372: 11368: 11363: 11359: 11357:0-8133-7987-3 11353: 11349: 11344: 11331: 11327: 11325:973-98391-1-8 11321: 11317: 11316: 11310: 11306: 11305: 11299: 11295: 11289: 11285: 11284: 11278: 11277: 11274: 11253: 11251:9785457887299 11247: 11243: 11242: 11236: 11224: 11223: 11217: 11206: 11200: 11196: 11195: 11189: 11188: 11185:Cited sources 11168: 11164: 11160: 11154: 11138: 11134: 11128: 11112: 11108: 11104: 11098: 11082: 11078: 11072: 11065: 11061: 11058: 11057:Odessa Sights 11053: 11046: 11042: 11039: 11034: 11018: 11014: 11013:wikimapia.org 11010: 11004: 10988: 10984: 10978: 10971: 10965: 10957: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10941: 10937: 10933: 10929: 10928: 10920: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10890: 10874: 10870: 10866: 10860: 10841: 10837: 10830: 10824: 10808: 10804: 10798: 10782: 10778: 10771: 10762: 10754: 10750: 10744: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10722: 10715: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10687: 10671: 10667: 10663: 10657: 10649: 10648: 10642: 10635: 10628: 10624: 10621: 10616: 10607: 10591: 10587: 10583: 10577: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10546: 10539: 10538: 10533: 10527: 10519: 10513: 10510:. Routledge. 10509: 10508: 10500: 10492: 10486: 10482: 10481: 10473: 10459: 10453: 10449: 10445: 10441: 10437: 10430: 10415:. 18 May 2017 10414: 10410: 10404: 10388: 10384: 10377: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10338: 10322: 10318: 10312: 10308: 10307: 10299: 10297: 10280: 10276: 10270: 10255:. 18 May 2017 10254: 10250: 10244: 10236: 10234:0-300-10377-8 10230: 10226: 10219: 10213: 10208: 10202: 10197: 10189: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10167: 10151: 10147: 10143: 10137: 10135: 10115: 10108: 10101: 10085: 10081: 10080: 10075: 10073: 10056: 10052: 10051: 10046: 10040: 10025: 10021: 10015: 9999: 9995: 9994:"The Passage" 9989: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9957: 9956:9780521268622 9953: 9947: 9931: 9927: 9921: 9905: 9901: 9895: 9879: 9875: 9869: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9823: 9819: 9813: 9797: 9793: 9787: 9779: 9773: 9757: 9753: 9752:Радіо Свобода 9749: 9742: 9726: 9722: 9718: 9712: 9693: 9689: 9682: 9676: 9657: 9653: 9646: 9640: 9632: 9626: 9607: 9603: 9596: 9590: 9588: 9581: 9580:966-7007-60-X 9577: 9571: 9555: 9551: 9545: 9543: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9512: 9504: 9498: 9482: 9478: 9472: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9416: 9408: 9402: 9394: 9390: 9384: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9354: 9346: 9342: 9336: 9328: 9322: 9314: 9312: 9307: 9300: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9270: 9255: 9248: 9242: 9223: 9219: 9212: 9206: 9190: 9186: 9178: 9162: 9158: 9152: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9109: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9079: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9049: 9033: 9029: 9023: 9007: 9003: 8997: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8967: 8951: 8947: 8943: 8937: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8907: 8891: 8887: 8881: 8865: 8861: 8860:Голос України 8857: 8851: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8833: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8817: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8801: 8796: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8778: 8773: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8755: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8739: 8734: 8732: 8715: 8711: 8710: 8705: 8699: 8684:on 6 May 2014 8683: 8679: 8675: 8668: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8638: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8608: 8592: 8588: 8582: 8575: 8570: 8563: 8558: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8528: 8521: 8516: 8514: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8460: 8453: 8448: 8441: 8436: 8428: 8424: 8418: 8403: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8365: 8361: 8355: 8348: 8347:0-7011-7390-4 8344: 8340: 8334: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8316: 8311: 8295: 8291: 8289:9781474259507 8285: 8281: 8280: 8272: 8256: 8252: 8246: 8230: 8226: 8219: 8211: 8210: 8204: 8197: 8181: 8177: 8171: 8170:Tronko, Petro 8165: 8158: 8153: 8151: 8143: 8142:Imperial 1848 8138: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8120: 8119: 8115: 8112: 8105: 8098: 8097:Imperial 1848 8093: 8086: 8080: 8064: 8060: 8059:Радіо Свобода 8056: 8049: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7988: 7982: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7951: 7943: 7937: 7921: 7915: 7899: 7895: 7891: 7885: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7847: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7817: 7802: 7798: 7792: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7762: 7754: 7747: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7717: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7687: 7668: 7661: 7660: 7652: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7607: 7600: 7594: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7564:0-916458-08-3 7560: 7556: 7555: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7528: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7489: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7469: 7464: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7440: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7417: 7410: 7402: 7397: 7393: 7388: 7380: 7379: 7374: 7368: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7338: 7336: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7309: 7305: 7299: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7238: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7192: 7188: 7187: 7179: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7148: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7111: 7107: 7099: 7095: 7087: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7054: 7052: 7035: 7031: 7030: 7025: 7019: 7017: 6998: 6991: 6990: 6983: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6960: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6934: 6932: 6927: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6884: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6399: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6348:Dmitry Salita 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6240:Leonid Buryak 6238: 6235: 6234:Yuriy Bilonoh 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6217: 6216:Mykola Avilov 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6203: 6202:Evgeny Platov 6199: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6183:Tatiana Gutsu 6180: 6176: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6140: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6109: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6083: 6081: 6075:Air transport 6072: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6058: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6035: 6032: 6028: 6027:horse tramway 6020: 6015: 6007: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5968:Odesa Holovna 5960: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5912:Rostov-on-Don 5908: 5904: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5862:Mercedes-Benz 5854: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5830:Dnieper River 5827: 5823: 5819: 5814: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5791:Port of Odesa 5784: 5779: 5774: 5770: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5708:Ivan Sechenov 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5675: 5668: 5663: 5656: 5651: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5638: 5636: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5612: 5610: 5605: 5597: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5574: 5568: 5565: 5555: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5528: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5500: 5497: 5494: 5493:New York City 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5468: 5465: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5350:The composer 5349: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5325:Sidney Reilly 5323: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5254:Pyotr Schmidt 5252: 5251: 5245: 5243: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5213: 5211: 5210:ophthalmology 5207: 5203: 5199: 5192: 5187: 5179: 5170: 5168: 5162: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5115: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5093:, author of " 5092: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5062: 5057: 5047: 5042: 5040: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4998:and pianists 4997: 4993: 4989: 4988:Igor Oistrakh 4985: 4981: 4977: 4968: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4957:Nachum Gutman 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4941:Yuri Siritsov 4939:(1854–1929). 4938: 4935: 4934:Demotic Greek 4931: 4927: 4926:Sarkis Ordyan 4922: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4911:Roman Kartsev 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4878: 4873: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4785: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4716: 4711: 4699: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4676: 4671: 4668: 4661: 4656: 4649: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4614: 4609: 4601: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4548: 4547:José de Ribas 4544: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4510:in his film, 4509: 4505: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4407: 4405: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4337: 4334:, one of the 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4318:Odesa is the 4313: 4309: 4300: 4296: 4294: 4289: 4287: 4282: 4280: 4263: 4262: 4252: 4251: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4195: 4193: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4098:ethnic groups 4095: 4087: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3761: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3425: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344:Mean monthly 3342: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3294: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3067: 3066:precipitation 3062: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2657: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2642:luxury hotels 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2511:Gulf of Odesa 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2449: 2444: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2401: 2399: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2358:fishing fleet 2355: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2308:upper classes 2305: 2301: 2297: 2288: 2272: 2267: 2260: 2255: 2248: 2243: 2236: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2145: 2140: 2136: 2127: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1991: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1953:anti-Semitism 1950: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1871:Filiki Eteria 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1850:(French) and 1849: 1843: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1826:bronze statue 1822: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1756: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1588:José de Ribas 1586: 1585:Major General 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1569:Ivan Gudovich 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1529: 1520: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1433:Crimean Tatar 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1356:Mediterranean 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1332: 1326:Early history 1321: 1318: 1306: 1294: 1282: 1271: 1266: 1238: 1226: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1179: 1167: 1155: 1144: 1139: 1127: 1115: 1097: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1026: 1025:Ancient Greek 1022: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1001: 999: 995: 988: 984: 981: 978: 972: 963: 960: 957: 951: 942: 939: 934: 928: 923: 917: 908: 905: 900: 894: 889: 883: 874: 871: 869: 868: 858: 822: 819: 818: 812: 810: 806: 802: 801:transport hub 798: 794: 790: 786: 785:Port of Odesa 782: 777: 775: 771: 767: 763: 762:Mediterranean 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 742:Soviet period 740:. 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Retrieved 7027: 7004:, retrieved 6988: 6982: 6959: 6911: 6716: 6401: 6228:Ihor Belanov 6222:Oksana Baiul 6208: 6207: 6195: 6168: 6148: 6114: 6084: 6078: 6059: 6043:trolleybuses 6036: 6024: 5988: 5965: 5950:and Europe. 5928:Thessaloniki 5909: 5905: 5870: 5865: 5859: 5815: 5788: 5752:George Gamow 5716:Nikolay Umov 5685: 5639: 5632: 5613: 5602: 5571: 5569: 5560: 5529: 5516:Southern Bug 5509: 5435:Yuriy Bazhal 5396: 5240: 5195: 5163: 5159: 5142: 5139:chief editor 5116: 5107:anti-fascist 5084: 5083:—authors of 5077:Odessa Tales 5066: 5036: 5028:Leo Podolsky 5024:Simon Barere 4973: 4923: 4901:(comedian), 4895:Stella Adler 4885: 4857:Medici lions 4855: 4853: 4830: 4808: 4772: 4768: 4748: 4720: 4632: 4621: 4617: 4610: 4606: 4578: 4555: 4551: 4541: 4518: 4511: 4501: 4477: 4465: 4404:City council 4401: 4380: 4369: 4358: 4344: 4340: 4338:of Ukraine. 4328:Odesa Oblast 4317: 4297: 4293:Odesa Oblast 4290: 4283: 4275: 4201: 4189: 4173: 4162: 4100:, including 4094:Odesa Oblast 4092: 3408:Demographics 3068:mm (inches) 2647: 2629: 2621: 2613: 2607: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2527: 2453: 2420: 2409: 2402: 2389: 2373: 2366: 2350:oil refining 2347: 2340: 2324: 2293: 2219: 2193: 2178: 2170:Transnistria 2162: 2135:World War II 2132: 2121:World War II 2100: 2073: 2042: 2027: 2017: 2000: 1996: 1946: 1939: 1927:in Romania. 1902: 1891:Russian poet 1887:cosmopolitan 1868: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1837: 1823: 1803: 1795: 1772: 1761: 1726: 1714: 1699: 1675:Platon Zubov 1659: 1636: 1607:Southern Bug 1596: 1559:, including 1550: 1545: 1531: 1465: 1455: 1446: 1413:Hacı I Giray 1398: 1375:Golden Horde 1360: 1337: 1319:1991–present 1269: 1142: 1105: 1083: 1077: 1073: 1061: 1060: 1047: 1046: 1002: 991: 778: 730:Catherine II 696: 661:Odesa Oblast 641:municipality 632: 628: 627: 506:Postal codes 277:Odesa Oblast 226:30°44′36.4″E 121:Coat of arms 70: 29: 14159:Hero Cities 14019:City garden 13453:Zakarpattia 13210:Krasnosilka 13180:Chornomorsk 13105:Nadlymanske 13080:Kryzhanivka 13050:Cherevychne 12928:Chornomorsk 12890:Odesa Raion 12828:Tatarbunary 12786:Chornomorsk 12628:Tatarbunary 12528:Plakhtiivka 12463:Marazliivka 12443:Liubashivka 12413:Krasnosilka 12338:Chornomorsk 12123:Grigoriopol 11943:‹ The 11802:(paperback) 11139:(in German) 11023:21 February 10586:zet.gallery 10566:7 September 10413:The Forward 10366:14 November 10327:12 February 10253:The Forward 10156:18 February 10123:29 December 10090:30 November 10061:30 November 10004:26 December 9978:26 December 9665:11 November 8976:Polish News 8597:20 November 8476:(35): 195. 8370:18 February 7971:14 November 7926:14 November 7904:14 November 7874:14 November 7454:nicknamed " 7399: [ 7076:29 December 6306:Roman Pelts 6288:Irina Krush 6179:Efim Geller 6047:marshrutkas 6037:The city's 6031:metre gauge 5926:), Greece ( 5873:M05 Highway 5413:Yaakov Dori 5189:Beaches of 5127:Yury Olesha 5091:Yuri Olesha 5073:Isaac Babel 5016:Emil Gilels 4996:Zakhar Bron 4945:Igor Glazer 4905:(legendary 4887:Jacob Adler 4731:Novorossian 4613:City Garden 4560:, Catholic 4489:neo-baroque 4372:legislative 4324:Odesa Raion 4222:Percentage 4208:2001 census 4152:during the 4066:Belarusians 3883:Belarusians 3832:Belarusians 2658:formation. 2503:Sea of Azov 2476: / 2414:, the city 2378:during the 2080:French Army 2076:World War I 1905:Crimean War 1875:freemasonry 1864:Arnautskaya 1860:Yevreyskaya 1856:Grecheskaya 1830:Ivan Martos 1814:Catherine's 1783:Alexander I 1690:Ivan Martos 1647:river Botna 1551:During the 1536:and future 1484:Kievan Rus' 1437:Jan Długosz 793:Chornomorsk 770:Renaissance 766:Art Nouveau 707:Kotsiubijiv 690:during the 657:Odesa Raion 510:65000–65480 310:19 May 1415 289:Odesa Raion 238: / 223:46°29′8.6″N 91:city garden 14799:Categories 14721:Yevpatoria 14655:Kramatorsk 14619:Kremenchuk 14614:Chernivtsi 14551:Sevastopol 14544:Simferopol 14496:Kryvyi Rih 14441:1,000,000+ 14369:Volnovakha 14308:Sevastopol 14189:Stalingrad 14184:Sevastopol 13887:Art Museum 13826:Quarantine 13699:Zaporozhye 13683:Sevastopol 13625:Simferopol 13620:Sevastopol 13544:Kramatorsk 13530:Chernivtsi 13486:Sevastopol 13393:Kirovohrad 13358:Chernivtsi 13220:Nerubayske 12995:Naberezhne 12723:Zatyshshia 12718:Zakharivka 12643:Tsebrykove 12603:Stepanivka 12583:Shyriaieve 12478:Nerubayske 12473:Mykolaivka 12408:Konopliane 12153:Yevpatoria 12113:Sevastopol 12108:Simferopol 12015:Yad Vashem 11336:7 November 11271:See also: 11244:. 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