2021 Sudanese coup d'état

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comprehensive and urgent dialogue to restore partnership on the basis of the Constitutional Document and the Juba Peace Agreement." The following day, al-Burhan made a radio announcement declaring that Hamdok would be allowed to be restored as Prime Minister with a cabinet of his choosing, and the deposed official declined this initial offer, stating that he would only return to lead the government if the pre-coup system be restored. Al-Burhan responded by also proposing a new government led by an independent technocrat. Some observers judged that despite local and international efforts to mediate between al-Burhan's forces and civilian groups, there was little progress, as large sections of the Sudanese public appeared to be no longer willing to return to the pre-coup power-sharing system.

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the deposal of al-Bashir, and in return, the Sudanese military leaders and the RSF had deployed their military personnel alongside the forces of the UAE and Saudi Arabia in Libya and Yemen. Dorsey wrote that by October 2021, the existence of the UAE-supported components of the Sudanese military led the UAE to favour the coup, and oppose Hamdok, who the UAE saw as "a thorn in the side of the armed forces." The former finance minister of Sudan, Ibrahim al-Badawi, had also claimed that state revenues from meat exports to Saudi Arabia had been diverted to military funds and that a Swiss-based firm had collected the income of the civil aviation authorities and transferred it to an Emirati bank account. The UAE was active in encouraging Sudan to recognize Israel, after the Emirates signed the

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reports that soldiers fired on protestors outside the Sudanese army headquarters in Khartoum, killing at least three people and injuring more than 80 people. Seven civilians were killed and over 140 injured during the protests. Military forces as well as gangs of thugs in plainclothes beat demonstrators in the street, with some being severely injured, and others being injured by cars driven into demonstrators. Medical personnel in Khartoum reported rebuffing demands from gun-wielding soldiers to hand over wounded demonstrators to them. Security forces conducted house-to-house arrests of protest organizers. The Socialist Doctors' Association stated that the Royal Care hospital near army headquarters was in "urgent need of blood". Three hundred protestors were arrested.

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developed, as in 2019, when he switched from defending president Omar al-Bashir to arresting him. Both al-Burhan and Hemetti had been "fierce, reliable lieutenants" of al-Bashir when he was in power. Both had "plundered the resources of Sudan for decades" according to Rickett. As of October 2021, in Rickett's view, al-Burhan, trained in Cairo, is mostly supported by Egypt, while Hemetti and his brothers, owning gold mines and providing mercenaries for the

6212: 1575: 1490: 1265:(MANSAM) and the Khatim Adlan Centre for Enlightenment (KACE) called for al-Burhan to respect the draft constitutional document. In their view, the declaration of a state of emergency by al-Burhan, either in his role as the Sovereignty Council chair or as Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed forces, was illegal, and the suspension of Articles 11, 12, 15, 16 and 24, and items 3, 71 and 72 of the constitutional document was illegal. 1050:(Hemetti) covered in red. Three unarmed protestors were shot dead outside the parliament building in Omdurman, one dying from a chest wound in hospital. Injuries sustained by protestors included head and neck gunshot wounds and trauma from beatings with batons. Treatment for tear gas exposure was needed. One protestor was run over by a military vehicle. Protestors carried banners in support of Hamdok and criticising Egyptian president 5691: 1460: 303: 291: 281: 271: 261: 249: 189: 1544: 1500: 1029:. Protests continued on 27 October in Khartoum and Atbara. "Most government and educational institutions were in complete paralysis" and travel between Khartoum and the states of Sudan had mostly stopped. Security forces used live fire while trying to remove protestors' road blocks in Khartoum. Demonstrations became large in Khartoum in the evening. Mass protests and strikes continued during 28 and 29 October. 1178:

and their revolution." The Sudanese ambassadors to China, South Africa, Qatar, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates also signed the statement. As of 28 October 2021, 42 Sudanese ambassadors and 21 other Sudanese diplomats had signed the statement. Al-Burhan issued a decree stating that five ambassadors (to France, Switzerland, Belgium and the European Union, China and Qatar) were sacked.

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aimed at de-escalating the situation. "All states have their own interests and ideas about Sudan," Volker Perthes, the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Sudan, told German broadcaster Deutschlandfunk."Yesterday, we saw that the analysis of, for example, Russia on the one hand and the US and Western states on the other hand, are still far apart," Perthes said.

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government, stating "Together, our message to Sudan's military authorities is overwhelming and clear: The Sudanese people must be allowed to protest peacefully, and the civilian-led transitional government must be restored." The US froze $ 700 million in economic aid to Sudan's government. The coup was also condemned by the governments of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom.

1127:. The outages were later corroborated by the Sudan Information Ministry. The Sudanese Journalists Network interpreted the reason for the Internet and telecommunications cutoffs to be the security forces' aim of "commit more crimes against the Sudanese" and hiding evidence of the security forces' involvement in attacks including the 3 June 2019 1085:(UNITAMS). On 5 November, the list of those detained included "government ministers, members of political parties, lawyers, civil society activists, journalists, human rights defenders, and protest leaders", and the detainees were held in unknown locations, without access to their lawyers or families, according to 1154:

rejected the coup, stating that "any coup in the country is rejected" and that Sudanese would "resist by all civil means." She described the arrest of Hamdok as "very dangerous and unacceptable". On 26 October, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs supported al-Mahdi's earlier statement and al-Mahdi spoke

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Some gunfire around Khartoum occurred throughout 25 October. According to the Information Ministry, the army used live rounds to disperse the protesters in the 25 October protests. Military forces tried to remove protestors' barricades and attacked civilians. The Central Committee of Sudanese Doctors

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In September 2021, a military coup attempt was thwarted by the government. According to the Minister of Information, the perpetrators were "remnants of the former regime" who tried to take control of the state broadcasters television buildings and the military central command. Following the incident,

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and refusal to cooperate with the coup organisers. Protests started on 25 and 26 October against the coup and at least 10 civilians were reported as being killed and over 140 injured by the military during the first day of protests. Protests and strikes continued, with 200,000 to 2,000,000 protestors

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on Monday said Beijing called on "relevant parties in Sudan to resolve differences through dialogue and maintain national peace and stability." "China will closely follow the developments and take necessary measures to ensure the safety and security of Chinese institutions and people in Sudan," Wang

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had supported the grassroots opposition and rebel groups after the ousting al-Bashir in 2019. A former Sudanese intelligence head based in Abu Dhabi, General Abdel Ghaffar al-Sharif, also allegedly helped Sheikh Mansour in the background. The UAE and Saudi Arabia had pledged $ 3 billion in aid after

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predicted strong civilian resistance to the coup and judged that the military had underestimated the likely strength of civil disobedience. He stated that the military " learned their lesson. As we saw post the revolution and post-Bashir, the streets were determined and civilians were willing to die

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took to the streets in support of the civilian government. Following the demonstrations, Ibrahim al-Sheikh, a senior member of FFC, called on al-Burhan to resign, arguing that al-Burhan had ordered the use of force against a sit-in by protestors despite having promised not to. FFC had five issues of

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The United Nations (UN) Security Council met in an emergency session to discuss the unfolding crisis in Sudan. But the five permanent members failed to agree on a joint statement after China and Russia refused to threaten sanctions against the coup leaders, should they refuse to comply with demands

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The Sudanese ambassadors to France, Belgium and Switzerland stated their opposition to the coup and alignment with the civilian protestors. They stated, "We completely align ourselves with the heroic opposition followed by the entire world" and that their embassies represented "the Sudanese people

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declared that Hamdok was "still the legitimate transitional authority in the country" and called for the "immediate release of the prime minister and all detained officials." The Ministry also stated that "all unilateral measures and decisions taken by the military component lack any constitutional

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French President Emmanuel Macron condemned the coup attempt in Sudan and called for the immediate release of the Sudanese Prime Minister and civilian members of the government. “France condemns in the strongest terms the attempted coup d’état," he said, adding that France supports the transitional

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Following the arrest of the prime minister and civilian leaders, demonstrators started gathering in the streets of Khartoum, lighting car tires and setting up roadblocks. Chants by the protestors included "the people are stronger", "retreat is impossible", "We are revolutionaries. We are free. We

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interview that during the negotiations, both Hamdok and the military had made proposals, and that Hamdok had been aware of the plan for the coup that was later implemented. Hemetti stated, "What happened on October 25 was the ultimate outcome of a long process. Many discussions were made, and many

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Faced with internal and international resistance, al-Burhan declared his willingness to restore the Hamdok Cabinet on 28 October, although the deposed Prime Minister declined this initial offer, making any further dialogue conditional on the full restoration of the pre-coup system. On 21 November

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under house arrest after besieging his home. Hamdok was pressured to make a statement supporting the coup, which he refused. He called for Sudanese to resist the coup and "defend their revolution". In response to his refusal to support the coup, Hamdok was moved with his wife on 25 October to an

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The United States condemned the coup and called upon the Sudanese military to immediately release the civilian officials, halt violence against protestors, and restore the transitional government. President Biden condemned the actions of the military and demanded the restoration of the civilian

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was a key person in the coup, with "Hemetti's troops on the streets killing and injuring civilians" while Hemetti himself had "hardly been seen," "lurking in the background," Hemetti was seen by "smarter diplomats" and street protestors as backing the coup, but waiting to see how the situation

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declared a state of emergency and announced the dissolution of the government and the Sovereignty Council. In a televised address, he stated that a new technocratic government would lead the country until the next elections, to be held in July 2023. A day after the coup, al-Burhan said that his

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and a number of pro-government supporters were arrested. As of 5 November 2021, the list of those detained included "government ministers, members of political parties, lawyers, civil society activists, journalists, human rights defenders, and protest leaders", who were held in secret

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Sudan’s military and political leaders will primarily have to rebuild trust with their own domestic public, particularly with the young generation. Immediate confidence-building measures and a visible commitment to bring the country back on a democratic transition path will be key. Similarly,

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and head of the United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS), in Khartoum. The army media office described the meeting as aiming to find "ways to get out of the crisis in order to achieve stability and peace in the country," while Perthes referred to "return to a

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Plans for continued protests called the "Revolutionary Escalation Schedule" were published by the Joint Chamber of the Marches of the Millions for Civilian rule and Democratic Transition. The plans included vigils on highways and in front of government buildings and embassies, nightly marches

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in August 2019. According to the TMC–FFC agreement, the transition process would last three years and three months. The Sovereignty Council was to be led by a military figure for 21 months, followed by a civilian leader for 18 months. The handover was planned to take place in November 2021.

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On 26 October, the Prime Minister's office called for Hamdok's release from house arrest, stated that he continued to be "the executive authority recognized by the Sudanese people and the world," and called for civil disobedience and the release of the other government members.

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condemned the coup, calling for the prime minister to be released. He added that the UN would "continue to stand" with the Sudanese people and that "there must be full respect for the constitutional charter to protect the hard-won political transition." Volker Perthes, the

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initiatives proposed. ... We were left with three options, the best of which was the move we took, and it was completely agreeable to the prime minister himself. We did not make such a move on our own." Hamdok had earlier denied being aware of the plans for a military coup.

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could take place if Hemetti replaced al-Burhan. Rickett described Hemetti as "know that he is repellent to the Sudanese out on the streets" and "that the coup is stumbling and that the people are holding firm," and waiting to make a decision on how to act.

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On 25 October, Industry Minister Ibrahim al-Sheikh, the governor of Khartoum, Ayman Khalid and Information Minister Hamza Baloul were also taken into custody. Also arrested was a member of the ruling Sovereignty Council, Mohammed al-Fiky Suliman, and

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actions were justified to avoid a civil war in Sudan. He stated that the armed forces had had no option apart from arresting politicians who were allegedly carrying out "incitement" against the military. Al-Burhan denied that he had carried out a

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disagreement with military leaders: security reform, commercial activities by the military, forming a constitutional court, appointing an attorney-general and chief justice, and the transfer of the Chair of the Sovereignty Council to a civilian.

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to restore the transition to civilian rule. The 14-point deal called for the release of all political prisoners detained during the coup and stipulated that a 2019 constitutional declaration be the basis for a political transition. However, the

1111:. Resistance committee members stated that they were consulting each other "about upping the escalation against the coup". Chief of Police Khalid Mahdi Ibrahim stated that the police had not used firearms and was investigating the shootings. 1656:

and his cabinet as the constitutional leaders of the transitional government." They stated that the ambassadors in Khartoum had to be given access to communicate with and visit Hamdok and called for the political detainees to be released.

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took place across Sudan, including Khartoum, Wad Madani, Atbara, El Fasher and Port Sudan. Fifteen protestors were shot dead by the security forces, who raided hospitals and fired tear gas to block medical treatment of wounded survivors.

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On 30 October, mass protests called "Marches of the Millions" took place around Sudan against the coup. Notwithstanding the difficulties of compiling the actual numbers during the ongoing Internet and telecommunications blackout,

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spoke of "millions". Security forces used teargas and live bullets against protestors and set up barbed wire barricades. Protestors' chants included "No, not to military rule" and called for al-Burhan to be arrested and held in

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in the second phase of the transition period as a concern for the two generals. De Waal described the coup as a "gamble" offering no practical solutions and risking "turmoil and bloodshed at home and pariah status abroad".

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On 31 October, security forces assaulted protestors, forcing them to dismantle street barricades. The protestors rebuilt the barricades. Governmental and educational institutions, banks and shops remained closed. The

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In de Waal's view, after the transfer of the Sovereignty Council Chair to a civilian, al-Burhan and Hemetti would risk loss of military control of the national budget. They would also risk being affected by the

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40 officers were arrested. Since then, tensions between the military and civilian leaders rose as military leaders started demanding reforms to the FFC coalition and called for the replacement of the cabinet.

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and other western powers stated that they continued to recognise the Hamdok cabinet as "the constitutional leaders of the transitional government" and insisted on their ambassadors having access to Hamdok.

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civilian members of the Sovereignty Council in November 2021, leading to certain risks for al-Burhan and Hemetti. Al-Burhan and Hemetti would risk being implicated as perpetrators in the expected

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described the killings as the "deadliest security clampdown to date" and described the "cycle of demonstration and use of lethal force in response" as similar to the early 2019 phase of the

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On 11 December 2021, Perthes briefed the UN-Security Council on the current situation in Sudan after Hamdok had been reinstated. In his report and analysis, he made the following remarks:

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On 30 October, the Hamdok Cabinet published a statement declaring that the military forces " not find free Sudanese or true democratic revolutionary forces to be their partners in power."

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Protests continued on 26 October, with protestors chanting slogans, blocking roads and burning tyres. There was civil disobedience, and schools, shops and petrol stations were closed in

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2021, Hamdok and al-Burhan signed a 14-point deal that reinstated Hamdok as prime minister and stated that all political prisoners would be freed. Civilian groups including

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and the Prime Minister's Office refused to recognise the transfer of power, stating that the coup was a crime and that Hamdok remained prime minister. On 26 October, the

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Around dawn on 25 October 2021, Sudan's military arrested at least five senior Sudanese government figures. Later, internet outages across Sudan were reported.

5254: 4370: 4147: 2470: 2406: 1925: 1637:: On 26 October, the African Union suspended Sudan's membership. The condition for restoring full membership of the AU is "the effective restoration" of the 4663: 4486: 3510: 1768: 5859: 5073: 5023: 4930: 1389: 1322: 1280: 7246: 6250: 4622: 3947: 8629: 5408: 2323: 2102: 1464:

Egypt "urged all parties to work to ensure 'stability and security'" and to "give priority to the higher interest of the country and national consensus."

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condemned the coup, saying "The acts of the military today represent an unacceptable betrayal of the Sudanese people and their journey to democracy."

1131:. On 9 November, a judge in a Khartoum court ordered the country's major providers (MTN, Zain, and Sudani) to restore Internet services immediately. 1090: 559: 3076: 2628: 2005: 838: 780: 31: 5018: 4970: 3707: 3101: 1406: 5654: 3424: 1187: 8506: 8169: 8149: 8008: 7692: 7327: 7306: 7183: 6997: 6822: 2976: 1231:

Sudanese authorities will need to take demonstrable steps to regain financial, economic, and political support from the international community.

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Saudi Arabia called for "restraint" and for "Sudanese factions to unify and 'preserve the political and economic gains that been achieved."

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On 24 October, pro-military protesters blocked some roads and bridges in Khartoum. Security forces used tear gas to disperse the crowds.

99: 8489: 7810: 7671: 4515: 2784: 1652:, Norway, Switzerland, the United States and the United Kingdom declared that their countries "continue to recognize the Prime Minister 932:

unknown location. On 26 October, al-Burhan said that Hamdok was being detained in al-Burhan's own home to protect Hamdok from "danger".

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described Ibrahim's comments as being part of a "framework of the de facto authority's policy of falsifying the facts" since the coup.

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The coup was met with resistance from pro-democracy Sudanese civilians, some of whom took to the streets of Khartoum in protest. The

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rejected the deal, refusing continued power-sharing with the military. Hamdok resigned on 2 January 2022 amid continuing protests.

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both rejected the political deal. Large crowds of protestors also took to the streets to reject any deal involving the military.

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On 4 November, three FFC members, Taha Osman, Hamza Farouk and Sharif Mohamed Osman, were arrested shortly after they met with

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Re-formation of the Transitional Sovereignty Council on 11 November with most civilian members replaced by military appointees

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under the pre-coup transitional arrangements, on 29 October. Egyptian representatives contacted both al-Burhan and Hemetti.

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starting on 29 October and mass protests on 30 October throughout Sudan, calling for a full transfer of power to civilians.

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and the South Sudanese peace process, in which each country provided mediation for the other country's internal conflicts.

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On 21 November 2021, Hamdok was reinstated as prime minister after a political agreement was signed by Sudan's top general

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expressed concern. Borrell called for "the security forces to immediately release those they have unlawfully detained."

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Commission for Dismantling the 30 June 1989 Regime, Removal of Empowerment and Corruption, and Recovering Public Funds

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similarly denounced the arrests of the government ministers and called on the public to protest in the streets. The

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Bahrain expressed "confidence" that Sudanese would "overcome the crisis through dialogue and understanding."

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refused to declare support for the coup and on 25 October called for popular resistance; he was confined to

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On 21 October, hundreds of thousands of pro-civilian protestors in cities around Sudan including Khartoum,

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Troops opened fire on pro-democracy protesters who flooded the streets, with at least two reported killed.

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participating around Sudan on 30 October and 15 shot dead by security forces in protests organised by the

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Reinstatement of the Hamdok government and the August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration on 21 November

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Following the coup, Internet outages in Sudan were reported by international watchdog groups including

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Hamdok later resigned in January 2022 after two people were killed in further pro-democracy protests.

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Volker Perthes, Security Council briefing on the UN Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan

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suspended Sudan's membership, pending a return to power of the Hamdok government. On 27 October, the

503: 63: 7788: 4838: 3336: 1054:. Protestors held signs stating, "the Emirates will not govern us, nor the implementation of Sisi." 8370: 8350: 8038: 7953: 7878: 7513: 7134: 6850: 6713: 6629: 6506: 5048: 4875: 3246: 1805: 1745: 1159:, stating "We are still in our positions. We reject such coup and such unconstitutional measures." 979: 574: 476: 375: 2724:"Sudan's military coup seems to be supported by some civilian politicians. That's happened before" 2064:"UN Human Rights Commissioner calls Sudan's coup 'deeply disturbing' as human rights are violated" 1361:

that could expose and disrupt military-owned commercial interests. De Waal also listed a shift to

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On 16 October, pro-military protests organized by the Charter of the National Accord were held in

8466: 8441: 8335: 8023: 7911: 7643: 7622: 7520: 6990: 6678: 6179: 5662: 5523: 5454: 5334: 5228: 5098: 5028: 3948:"Security Council briefing on the UN Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS)" 1523: 1334: 798:, during which protestors demanded a military coup. They were allowed to reach the gates of the 4181: 3306:"Sudan Prime Minister placed under house arrest by 'military forces,' information ministry says" 8624: 8239: 7963: 6699: 6303: 6296: 6174: 6127: 6090: 6055: 5940: 5583: 5170: 5053: 4975: 1681: 1522:

The coup, as well as the killings of civilian protestors, was denounced by some members of the

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This article is about the successful coup. For the failed coup attempt the previous month, see

4833: 4416:"Statement by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. On the International Response to Events in Sudan" 3676:"Sudan: Police chief statements regarding protests are false, an attempt to conceal brutality" 1508:

said that the coup "appeared to be rooted in the shortcomings of the transitional government."

8405: 6228: 5933: 5553: 5493: 5461: 5375: 5314: 5309: 5289: 5264: 4779: 4508: 1996:

Lewis, Aidan; Eltahir, Nafisa; Chmaytelli, Maher (25 October 2021). Cawthorne, Andrew (ed.).

1376: 1306: 1195: 1047: 937: 845: 623: 364: 220: 3304:

Abdallah, Yasir; El Damanhoury, Kareem; Salem, Mostafa; Deaton, Jennifer (25 October 2021).

1108: 8244: 8199: 7411: 6436: 6317: 6112: 6093: 5893: 5768: 5610: 5558: 5365: 5293: 5103: 4858: 4402: 1830:"Sudanese Prime Minister's resignation triggered by military reneging on deal, sources say" 1479: 1051: 876: 638:. At least five senior government figures were initially detained. Civilian Prime Minister 231: 8: 8664: 5968: 5840: 5590: 5303: 5274: 975: 967: 882: 751: 729: 631: 579: 166: 1608: 216: 6073: 5513: 5488: 5466: 5418: 5279: 5223: 5033: 5001: 4481: 3375: 2916: 2401: 2366: 1424: 1411: 1275: 971: 850: 671: 3425:'Patients hid under beds': Sudan doctors refuse to hand injured protesters to soldiers 1672:, condemned the arrest of Hamdok. He said that the arrest of Hamdok, the chair of the 5983: 5568: 5503: 5498: 5449: 5444: 5299: 5242: 5038: 3767:"Sudan coup: deposed PM allowed home as general says politicians 'stirred up strife'" 1886: 1591: 1350: 1128: 1086: 759: 537: 525: 8587: 8578: 7819: 6259: 899: 635: 7176: 6289: 5634: 5540: 5508: 5432: 5370: 5353: 5259: 5210: 5180: 5130: 5013: 4811: 4303: 1257:, the Nuba Mountains Bar Association, the Women Lawyers Initiative for Change, the 1156: 1067: 986:

will complete the journey." A number of schools, banks and businesses were closed.

6762: 5573: 5563: 5483: 5395: 5135: 5117: 5058: 4685: 4398: 4186: 4151: 4114: 3583: 3579:"Two people shot dead during nationwide protests against Sudan coup, doctors say" 3448: 3431: 3409: 3287: 3146: 3006: 2820: 2692: 2556: 2526: 2178: 1969: 1827: 1613: 1549:

government that had been tasked with steering Sudan towards democratic elections.

1429: 1420: 1371: 1147: 647: 295: 3479:"Condemnations, civil disobedience actions against Sudan military coup continue" 3102:"Live: Sudan's General Burhan dissolves government, declares state of emergency" 2660:"Sudanese government official says failed coup plotters were from Bashir regime" 8159: 6594: 6104: 5854: 5643: 5615: 5600: 5595: 5530: 5400: 5387: 5195: 5165: 5155: 5140: 4509:"Statement of the Government of Ethiopia on the Current Situation in the Sudan" 4330:"Sudan military coup: Russia blames 'outside powers' for transitional failures" 1653: 1649: 1604: 1599: 1579: 1574: 1554: 1326: 1078: 1022: 928: 916: 834: 743: 695: 639: 344: 253: 147: 143:

temporarily seizes power, dissolves the government, declares state of emergency

2027:

Abdelaziz, Khalid; Awadalla, Nadine (25 October 2021). Pullin, Richard (ed.).

1504:

Russia stated that "outside powers" had interfered in Sudan. Foreign Minister

162:

Hamdok resigns on 2 January 2022 due to the military's monopolization of power

8618: 5864: 5578: 5205: 5175: 5150: 4935: 4853: 4848: 4748: 4716: 4627: 4078: 4061: 3867: 3835: 3803: 3712: 3647: 3543:"Sudan democracy march: three protesters killed as security forces open fire" 3483: 3178: 2977:"Sudan Officials Detained, Communication Lines Cut in Apparent Military Coup" 2884: 2852: 2436: 2292: 2218: 2148: 2107: 2068: 1930: 1926:"Sudan military seizes power, arrests PM and civilian Ministers in dawn coup" 1890: 1773: 1713: 1634: 1629: 1621: 1583: 1532: 1505: 1393: 1026: 947: 907: 699: 691: 569: 542: 114: 101: 3799:"Sudanese ambassadors condemn military coup, as al-Mahdi pledges resistance" 1665:

Edmund Yakani, leader of Community Empowerment for Progress Organization, a

6132: 5988: 5190: 5185: 5160: 5125: 4110: 3771: 3615: 3547: 3511:"Sudan coup: Protesters killed during large Oct 30 Marches of the Millions" 2328: 2030:"Sudan cabinet members, others arrested in apparent coup – Reuters witness" 1469: 1294: 1103: 1043: 1034: 643: 481: 307: 5996:

July, August 2019 Political Agreement and Draft Constitutional Declaration

4245:"Sudan has received half the $ 3 billion promised by Saudi Arabia and UAE" 2324:"Sudan pro-democracy activists call for escalation after lethal crackdown" 6078: 6005: 5200: 5145: 4743: 4711: 4623:"UN Secretary-General calls for immediate release of Sudan PM, officials" 4392:

Deaths of Sudan protesters mount as international community condemns coup

4032: 3830: 3798: 3642: 3371:"Sudan's Military Seizes Power, Casting Democratic Transition Into Chaos" 3173: 2848:"Sudan ruling FFC leader calls on Burhan to hand over power to civilians" 2847: 2431: 1666: 1450: 169:

in 2023 following political crises which occurred as a result of the coup

3471: 3337:"Live Updates: Sudan's Military Detains Prime Minister in Apparent Coup" 2432:"We recognize Hamdok as leader of Sudan's transition: EU, Troika envoys" 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 1423:. The UAE organized a secret meeting between the Israeli Prime Minister 654:

was dissolved, a state of emergency was put in place, and a majority of

6149: 2657: 1677: 1645:

The World Bank suspended its aid to Sudan following the military coup.

1560: 1346: 1018: 879:

were stationed on the streets of Khartoum during the time of the coup.

814: 5809: 4037:"Sudan: Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period" 2103:"At least four dead as Sudan military fire on anti-coup demonstrators" 1965:"Sudan coup 2021: Live updates – PM Abdalla Hamdok escorted back home" 8591: 8570: 7823: 7818: 7768: 4334: 4074:"Sudanese lawyers, activists call on Gen El Burhan to reverse putsch" 3611:"Sudan coup protesters return to barricades on seventh day of unrest" 3572: 3570: 2317: 2315: 2257: 2088: 1385: 1330: 1124: 1038: 837:

tried negotiating between civilian and military groups following the

766:(FFC) agreed to a power-sharing deal with the military, creating the 431: 55: 4615: 3364: 3362: 1828:

Yassir Abdullah, Nima Elbagir and Hamdi Alkhshali (3 January 2022).

1249:

On 29 October, 27 lawyers and twelve citizens' groups including the

4119: 3209:"Sudan's PM under house arrest, cabinet ministers detained: Report" 2904: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 1778: 1338: 1014: 1002: 810: 795: 89: 3895:"Sudan's Hamdok reinstated as PM after political agreement signed" 3567: 3369:

Walsh, Declan; Dahir, Abdi Latif; Marks, Simon (25 October 2021).

3067:"Sudan's Burhan declares state of emergency, dissolves government" 2840: 2785:"Security forces fire tear gas to disperse protesters in Khartoum" 2502:"Sudan's Hamdok reinstated as PM after political agreement signed" 2355: 2353: 2351: 2312: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2058: 2056: 1998:"Sudan's Burhan declares state of emergency, dissolves government" 1219:

civilian coalition, which shared power with the military, and the

6060: 4771: 3359: 3071: 2658:

Mostafa Salem; Nima Elbagir; Yasir Abdullah (21 September 2021).

2471:"Sudan's ousted PM wants coup reversed before talks, sources say" 1855:"Several anti-coup protesters killed in Sudan as thousands rally" 1489: 1010: 998: 902:, but was rather "trying to rectify the path of the transition". 872: 4744:"South Sudan's civil society decries military takeover in Sudan" 4435:"The U.S. cut off aid to the Sudanese government after the coup" 3922:"Sudan military reinstates prime minister but protests continue" 3855: 3823: 3303: 3037:"Sudan's PM and other leaders detained in apparent coup attempt" 2127: 1313:

agreed between military and civilians in 2019, the Chair of the

1083:

United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan

5918: 4271:"Why did Sudanese general Burhan agree to meet with Netanyahu?" 3603: 3174:"Bashir's NCP returns to power in Sudan after recent coup: PCP" 3142:"Sudan's Burhan says army ousted government to avoid civil war" 2816:"Mass protests held in Sudan against prospect of military rule" 2752:"Crowds take to Sudan's streets after calls for rival protests" 2426: 2424: 2348: 2238: 2053: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1543: 1499: 1297:, researcher in African politics and executive director of the 1262: 1006: 818: 6258: 4712:"Civil society group urges dialogue to resolve Sudan's crisis" 4514:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, FDR Ethiopia. 25 October 2021. 4148:"Tens of thousands rally against former ruling party in Sudan" 4066: 3403:

Seven killed, 140 hurt in protests against Sudan military coup

2587:"Sudan's military takes power in coup, arrests prime minister" 1879:"Sudan's army seizes power in coup and detains prime minister" 750:, was overthrown by the military in April 2019 after weeks of 5690: 4802: 4736: 4686:"Sudan coup: World Bank suspends aid after military takeover" 4296:"The Latest: UN Security Council to discuss Sudan on Tuesday" 3863:"Gen El Burhan meets UNITAMS head to discuss crisis in Sudan" 3674:

Monitor, Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights (19 November 2021).

1769:"Sudan coup leader restores restructured Sovereignty Council" 1517: 1459: 1444: 982:

advocated for a workers' strike and mass civil disobedience.

464: 93: 3242:"Sudan's military arrests civilian leaders in apparent coup" 3166: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 2872: 2421: 2362:"Defiant anti-coup protesters return to Sudan streets: Live" 2282: 2280: 1909: 863: 758:(TMC) taking power. Protests continued for some months. The 68:

A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan

4704: 4593:"The Latest: China urges dialogue between Sudan's factions" 4471: 4469: 4467: 4363:"Sudan's prime minister, detained after coup, returns home" 4105: 4103: 4101: 3635: 2779: 2777: 2360:

Pietromarchi, Virginia; Siddiqui, Usaid (26 October 2021).

1877:

Salih, Zeinab Mohammed; Beaumont, Peter (25 October 2021).

1801:"Sudan's reinstated PM Hamdok promises a path to democracy" 802:

with a negligible police presence. They called for General

387:

62 civilians killed, 140+ wounded during anti-coup protests

4015: 4013: 3708:"Sudan coup: Detentions continue, internet remains closed" 2912:"Sudan's PM Hamdok backed military takeover, says general" 2693:"Sudan: Protesters demand military coup as crisis deepens" 2629:"Officials detained, internet down in apparent Sudan coup" 2214:"'Cautious calm' in Sudan capital after new mass protests" 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1427:

and Sudan's General al-Burhan in early 2020, according to

1309:(Hemetti) to carry out the coup. Under rule 10.(c) of the 1139:

Government-owned state television operated uninterrupted.

948:

Resistance to the coup, arrests, and killings of civilians

4656:"The military has taken over Sudan. Here's what happened" 3124: 2277: 4464: 4288: 4219:"Sudan And The UAE: Pulling Sudanese Strings – Analysis" 4098: 3791: 3758: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3449:"Sudan coup: Seven protesters killed and dozens injured" 2774: 2391: 2389: 2208: 2206: 2204: 1741:"Sudan army chief names new governing Sovereign Council" 1709:"World condemns Sudan's military coup, US withdraws aid" 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1410:, James M. Dorsey wrote that the Abu Dhabi Crown Prince 659:

locations, without access to their families or lawyers.

4654:

Kottasová, Ivana; Mackintosh, Eliza (26 October 2021).

4454:"US condemns Sudan coup, suspends $ 700 million in aid" 4175: 4173: 4010: 3740:"Khartoum court rules end to Sudan's internet blackout" 3700: 2179:"Sudan coup: Protests continue after military takeover" 1950: 4477:"'Utterly unacceptable': World reacts to Sudan 'coup'" 4115:"Sudan coup: Why the army is gambling with the future" 3992:"Sudan PM Hamdok announces resignation in a TV speech" 2807: 1995: 1433:, in which Prime Minister Abdallah Hamdok was absent. 1142: 1037:

estimated the numbers as "hundreds of thousands", and

762:

took place in June. The protestors represented by the

27:

Military overthrow of the Sovereignty Council of Sudan

5969:

19 December 2018 to September 2019 civil disobedience

3529: 3007:"Sudan's civilian leaders arrested amid coup reports" 2746: 2744: 2386: 2201: 1694: 1167:

basis, violate the law, and are considered a crime."

1074:

called for continued strikes and civil disobedience.

4170: 2880:"Sudan PM briefs envoys, FFC on talks with military" 2359: 1396:

expressed concern that a massacre like the Egyptian

1390:

International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur

1317:

should be transferred to a civilian selected by the

1283:

and their risk of losing control of the gold trade.

4653: 4537:Wheeler, Richard; Bet, Martina (26 October 2021). 2741: 2469: 2144:"Sudan coup: mass protests enter their second day" 2028: 1205: 1186:On 27 October, al-Burhan met with Volker Perthes, 4139: 3972:Elassar, Alaa; Meilhan, Pierre (2 January 2022). 3831:"Al-Burhan sacks Sudanese prodemocracy diplomats" 3043:. Associated Press and Reuters. 25 October 2021. 2026: 1091:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 828: 789: 560:Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile 8616: 5089: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4019: 3919: 2557:"Sudan on the brink amid scramble for democracy" 2463: 2461: 2459: 1484:The United Arab Emirates called for "stability." 1001:. Protests outside of the capital took place in 922: 3368: 1096:On 17 November, mass protests organised by the 954:2019–2021 Sudanese protests § October 2021 927:Military forces placed civilian Prime Minister 4501: 3971: 7804: 6244: 5825: 5670: 4787: 4206: 2944:"Sudan's civilian leaders arrested – reports" 2456: 2173: 2171: 1876: 1181: 966:, two of the coalitions that coordinated the 447: 3203: 3201: 2288:"15 confirmed dead in Sudan protest carnage" 1341:. They would also risk being charged in the 1263:Women of Sudanese Civic and Political Groups 1046:. Protestors held pictures of al-Burhan and 974:and refusal to cooperate with the coup. The 4451: 3643:"Sudan junta arrests 3 FFC leading members" 3420: 3418: 1582:: The European Union foreign affairs chief 781:September 2021 Sudanese coup d'état attempt 723: 32:September 2021 Sudanese coup d'état attempt 7811: 7797: 6251: 6237: 5832: 5818: 5677: 5663: 4794: 4780: 4536: 4432: 2721: 2527:"Omar al-Bashir: Sudan's ousted president" 2168: 1674:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 1518:States and intergovernmental organizations 1436: 734:2019–2024 Sudanese transition to democracy 454: 440: 5914:No to Oppression against Women Initiative 5900:Opposition (until August/September 2019) 4145: 3576: 3250:. Agence France-Presse. 25 October 2021. 3198: 3139: 2813: 2467: 1660: 1512: 1259:No to Oppression against Women Initiative 864:Coup takes place and government dissolved 774: 4951:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile 3764: 3540: 3415: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2397:"African Union suspends Sudan over coup" 2321: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1221:Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) 881: 8552:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024) 8195:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004) 7749:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024) 7363:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004) 6367:Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965) 5839: 4179: 4109: 3945: 3681:Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor 3673: 3328: 3236: 3234: 2020: 1618:Secretary-General of the United Nations 1113:Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor 915:that held power under former president 650:were reported. Later the same day, the 14: 8617: 1648:On 27 October, representatives of the 746:, who had ruled the country since the 461: 18:October 2021 Sudanese coup d'état 7792: 6232: 5813: 5658: 5116: 4775: 4587: 4585: 4360: 4146:Abdelaziz, Khalid (21 October 2019). 3920:Khalid Abdelaziz (21 November 2021). 3688:from the original on 20 November 2021 3577:Abdelaziz, Khalid (30 October 2021). 3335:Dahir, Abdi Latif (25 October 2021). 3334: 3266: 3140:Abdelaziz, Khalid (26 October 2021). 3096: 3094: 2971: 2969: 2924:from the original on 26 November 2021 2814:Abdelaziz, Khalid (21 October 2021). 2722:Ben Hammou, Salah (25 October 2021). 2687: 2685: 2626: 2609: 2468:Abdelaziz, Khalid (29 October 2021). 2336:from the original on 19 November 2021 2300:from the original on 19 November 2021 1865: 1188:United Nations Special Representative 435: 8630:2020s coups d'état and coup attempts 4961:Second Transitional Military Council 4756:from the original on 27 October 2021 4724:from the original on 27 October 2021 4666:from the original on 26 October 2021 4635:from the original on 25 October 2021 4603:from the original on 25 October 2021 4518:from the original on 25 October 2021 4489:from the original on 25 October 2021 4373:from the original on 27 October 2021 4342:from the original on 29 October 2021 4310:from the original on 29 October 2021 4194:from the original on 31 October 2021 4127:from the original on 27 October 2021 4086:from the original on 1 November 2021 4047:from the original on 1 November 2019 3946:Perthes, Volker (11 December 2021). 3875:from the original on 28 October 2021 3843:from the original on 28 October 2021 3811:from the original on 27 October 2021 3779:from the original on 27 October 2021 3720:from the original on 28 October 2021 3655:from the original on 5 November 2021 3623:from the original on 31 October 2021 3591:from the original on 30 October 2021 3555:from the original on 30 October 2021 3491:from the original on 28 October 2021 3459:from the original on 25 October 2021 3383:from the original on 26 October 2021 3347:from the original on 25 October 2021 3316:from the original on 25 October 2021 3254:from the original on 25 October 2021 3231: 3219:from the original on 25 October 2021 3186:from the original on 9 November 2021 3154:from the original on 26 October 2021 3112:from the original on 25 October 2021 3079:from the original on 25 October 2021 3047:from the original on 25 October 2021 3017:from the original on 25 October 2021 2987:from the original on 25 October 2021 2954:from the original on 25 October 2021 2892:from the original on 10 October 2021 2860:from the original on 27 October 2021 2828:from the original on 26 October 2021 2795:from the original on 25 October 2021 2762:from the original on 25 October 2021 2703:from the original on 23 October 2021 2670:from the original on 25 October 2021 2639:from the original on 25 October 2021 2597:from the original on 25 October 2021 2567:from the original on 25 October 2021 2537:from the original on 23 October 2021 2482:from the original on 31 October 2021 2444:from the original on 27 October 2021 2409:from the original on 27 October 2021 2374:from the original on 26 October 2021 2322:Beaumont, Peter (18 November 2021). 2265:from the original on 31 October 2021 2226:from the original on 1 November 2021 2189:from the original on 25 October 2021 2156:from the original on 26 October 2021 2115:from the original on 25 October 2021 2076:from the original on 6 November 2021 2041:from the original on 25 October 2021 2008:from the original on 25 October 2021 1977:from the original on 26 October 2021 1938:from the original on 25 October 2021 1897:from the original on 25 October 2021 1721:from the original on 26 October 2021 153:Mass civil disobedience and protests 5870:War in South Kordofan and Blue Nile 4916:First Transitional Military Council 3765:Beaumont, Peter (26 October 2021). 3541:Beaumont, Peter (30 October 2021). 1607:: United Nations Secretary-General 1449:Chinese foreign ministry spokesman 1143:Government ministries and embassies 1118: 24: 6374:Central African Republic (1965–66) 6013:September 2021 coup d'état attempt 5924:Sudanese Professionals Association 4801: 4582: 4180:Rickett, Oscar (29 October 2021). 3441: 3091: 2966: 2682: 1676:(IGAD), an eight-country regional 1414:and the UAE Deputy Prime Minister 1323:International Criminal Court trial 1301:, saw multiple reasons motivating 1217:Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) 960:Sudanese Professionals Association 713:Sudanese Professionals Association 664:Sudanese Professionals Association 662:Key civilian groups including the 211:Sudanese Professionals Association 25: 8676: 4971:2019–2021 transition to democracy 4158:from the original on 1 March 2021 602:Sudanese civil war (2023–present) 8598: 8597: 7826:, and attempted coups since 1991 6211: 6210: 6158:Transitional Legislative Council 5689: 4966:Transitional Sovereignty Council 1628: 1598: 1573: 1553: 1542: 1531: 1498: 1488: 1478: 1468: 1458: 1443: 1363:civilian control of the military 1311:39-month transition to democracy 1281:international war crimes charges 404: 403: 396: 369: 358: 349: 338: 327: 316: 301: 289: 279: 269: 259: 247: 225: 215: 187: 135:Military coup d'état successful 62: 52:Sudanese transition to democracy 8442:Central African Republic (2021) 8336:Central African Republic (2013) 8150:Central African Republic (2003) 8130:Central African Republic (2001) 7836:List of coups and coup attempts 7623:Central African Republic (2021) 7521:Central African Republic (2013) 7307:Central African Republic (2003) 7293:Central African Republic (2001) 6844:Central African Republic (1982) 6823:Central African Republic (1981) 6763:Central African Republic (1979) 6145:Khartoum massacre investigation 4678: 4647: 4556: 4530: 4452:Matthew Lee (25 October 2021). 4445: 4426: 4408: 4385: 4361:Magdy, Samy (26 October 2021). 4354: 4322: 4263: 4237: 3984: 3965: 3939: 3913: 3887: 3732: 3667: 3503: 3395: 3297: 3059: 3029: 2999: 2936: 2715: 2651: 2627:Magdy, Samy (25 October 2021). 2579: 2549: 2519: 2494: 1989: 1624:(AU) issued similar statements. 1343:Khartoum massacre investigation 1253:, the General Banks Union, the 1244: 1206:Reinstatement of Prime Minister 6029:Next Sudanese general election 5929:Sudanese resistance committees 4433:Lara Jakes (25 October 2021). 4182:"Sudan coup: Where is Hemeti?" 1847: 1821: 1793: 1761: 1733: 1198:(Hemetti), deputy head of the 1098:Sudanese resistance committees 829:Negotiations and coup proposal 790:October 2021 pre-coup protests 677:Sudanese resistance committees 206:Sudanese resistance committees 13: 1: 8650:October 2021 events in Africa 7686:Burkina Faso (September 2022) 5984:3 June 2019 Khartoum massacre 5889:Transitional Military Council 1687: 1325:of former Sudanese president 923:Arrests of government members 756:Transitional Military Council 718: 709:Forces for Freedom and Change 597:Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023) 80:25 October – 21 November 2021 8507:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022) 8170:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003) 8009:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995) 7693:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022) 7328:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003) 7247:Republic of the Congo (1998) 7184:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995) 7121:Sierra Leone (December 1992) 6998:São Tomé and Príncipe (1988) 6970:Republic of the Congo (1987) 6574:Republic of the Congo (1972) 6472:Republic of the Congo (1968) 6423:Republic of the Congo (1966) 6276:Republic of the Congo (1960) 6048:Sovereignty Council of Sudan 5904:Forces of Freedom and Change 3412:, Reuters (26 October 2021). 1315:Sovereignty Council of Sudan 1200:Sovereignty Council of Sudan 1064:Sudanese Bankers Association 764:Forces of Freedom and Change 668:Forces of Freedom and Change 200:Forces of Freedom and Change 194:Sovereignty Council of Sudan 150:and other ministers arrested 7: 7672:Burkina Faso (January 2022) 6865:Upper Volta (February 1983) 6001:2019–2022 Sudanese protests 1416:Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan 1268: 1152:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1072:Democratic Lawyers Alliance 684:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 533:Disarmament of the Lou Nuer 10: 8681: 8655:Political history of Sudan 7219:Sierra Leone (August 1996) 4829:Pre-independence governors 1398:August 2013 Rabaa massacre 1369:Oscar Rickett, writing in 1288:International Crisis Group 1182:Negotiations and mediation 951: 778: 727: 555:Sudanese nomadic conflicts 29: 8565: 8429: 8273: 8087: 7856: 7831: 7758: 7607: 7428: 7270: 7035: 6872:Upper Volta (August 1983) 6772: 6516: 6267: 6206: 6188: 6167: 6038: 5979:11 April 2019 coup d'état 5961: 5951:Sudan Revolutionary Front 5946:National Consensus Forces 5878: 5847: 5699: 5628: 5539: 5440: 5431: 5361: 5352: 5250: 5241: 5009: 5000: 4859:Anglo-Egyptian occupation 4819: 4810: 1620:(SRSG) for Sudan and the 858: 738:2019 Sudanese coup d'état 610: 504:Second Sudanese Civil War 472: 391: 386: 381: 237: 179: 72: 61: 49: 41: 8635:21st century in Khartoum 8190:Equatorial Guinea (2004) 7356:Equatorial Guinea (2004) 6756:Equatorial Guinea (1979) 6040:Institutional transition 6018:October 2021 coup d'état 5974:8 April Alaa Salah photo 3899:Al Jazeera Media Network 3247:South China Morning Post 1559:Foreign Office minister 1134: 980:Sudanese Communist Party 875:witness, members of the 844:On 26 November, General 833:Sudanese prime minister 724:2019 coup and revolution 622:On 25 October 2021, the 575:South Sudanese Civil War 565:George Athor's rebellion 477:First Sudanese Civil War 376:Abdelrahim Hamdan Dagalo 8645:Military coups in Sudan 6388:Burundi (November 1966) 6197:Soudan 2019, année zéro 6180:Darfur war crimes court 4901:National Reconciliation 4397:26 October 2021 at the 3430:26 October 2021 at the 3408:26 October 2021 at the 3286:26 October 2021 at the 1639:transitional government 1524:international community 1437:International reactions 1335:crimes against humanity 1251:Sudan Doctors Syndicate 1164:Ministry of Information 913:National Congress Party 688:Ministry of Information 8604:Plots and conspiracies 8110:Solomon Islands (2000) 7658:Sudan (September 2021) 6493:Libya (September 1969) 6409:Nigeria (January 1966) 6175:Sudanese peace process 5941:Darfur Bar Association 5909:Sudanese Women's Union 4941:United Nations Mission 1682:Sudanese peace process 1661:Citizens' associations 1614:Special Representative 1513:Opposition to the coup 1299:World Peace Foundation 1255:Darfur Bar Association 1239: 1212:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan 895:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan 890: 888:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan 839:September coup attempt 804:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan 775:September coup attempt 630:, took control of the 628:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan 613:Sudanese peace process 334:Shams al-Din Khabbashi 323:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan 238:Commanders and leaders 141:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan 7974:Bophuthatswana (1994) 7149:Bophuthatswana (1994) 6507:Libya (December 1969) 6297:French Algeria (1961) 5934:Angry Without Borders 5686:Coups d'état in Sudan 5315:Native administration 4921:Coalitions/Bashir Era 4834:Pre and early history 4458:Associated Press News 1349:into the 3 June 2019 1307:Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo 1228: 1196:Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo 1060:resistance committees 1048:Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo 938:Faisal Mohammed Saleh 885: 548:Omdurman and Khartoum 422:Location within Sudan 382:Casualties and losses 365:Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo 221:Sudanese Armed Forces 115:15.60889°N 32.52861°E 8547:Guinea-Bissau (2023) 8502:Guinea-Bissau (2022) 8486:Burkina Faso (2022) 8321:Guinea-Bissau (2012) 8296:Guinea-Bissau (2011) 8165:Guinea-Bissau (2003) 8140:Côte d'Ivoire (2002) 8115:Côte d'Ivoire (2001) 8079:Côte d'Ivoire (1999) 8064:Guinea-Bissau (1998) 7742:Guinea-Bissau (2023) 7679:Guinea-Bissau (2022) 7665:Sudan (October 2021) 7514:Libya (October 2013) 7472:Guinea-Bissau (2012) 7458:Guinea-Bissau (2011) 7321:Guinea-Bissau (2003) 7300:Côte d'Ivoire (2002) 7279:Côte d'Ivoire (2001) 7261:Côte d'Ivoire (1999) 7240:Guinea-Bissau (1998) 6795:Guinea-Bissau (1980) 6262:in Africa since 1960 6099:Transitional Cabinet 6094:Nemat Abdullah Khair 5894:Rapid Support Forces 4403:Agence France-Presse 2920:. 26 November 2021. 2296:. 18 November 2021. 1286:Jonas Horner of the 1052:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 877:Rapid Support Forces 419:class=notpageimage| 232:Rapid Support Forces 165:Sudan descends into 44:Sudanese coup d'état 8660:Sudanese revolution 8542:Sierra Leone (2023) 8537:Burkina Faso (2023) 8391:Burkina Faso (2016) 8381:Burkina Faso (2015) 8145:Burkina Faso (2003) 7924:Sierra Leone (1992) 7889:Georgia (1991–1992) 7879:Soviet Union (1991) 7735:Sierra Leone (2023) 7728:Burkina Faso (2023) 7563:Burkina Faso (2016) 7556:Burkina Faso (2015) 7335:Burkina Faso (2003) 7233:Sierra Leone (1997) 7191:Sierra Leone (1996) 7107:Sierra Leone (1992) 7005:Burkina Faso (1989) 6956:Burkina Faso (1987) 6458:Sierra Leone (1968) 6416:Nigeria (July 1966) 6381:Burundi (July 1966) 6217:Sudanese Revolution 5841:Sudanese revolution 5074:Non-marine molluscs 4752:. 26 October 2021. 4720:. 26 October 2021. 4631:. 25 October 2021. 4599:. 25 October 2021. 4485:. 25 October 2021. 4338:. 26 October 2021. 4113:(27 October 2021). 4082:. 1 November 2021. 4060:27 October 2021 at 3871:. 28 October 2021. 3839:. 28 October 2021. 3807:. 27 October 2021. 3716:. 28 October 2021. 3651:. 4 November 2021. 3619:. 31 October 2021. 3487:. 28 October 2021. 3455:. 25 October 2021. 3182:. 7 November 2021. 3108:. 25 October 2021. 3075:. 25 October 2021. 3013:. 25 October 2021. 2983:. 25 October 2021. 2856:. 22 October 2021. 2699:. 17 October 2021. 2593:. 25 October 2021. 2563:. 19 October 2021. 2440:. 27 October 2021. 2405:. 27 October 2021. 2261:. 30 October 2021. 2222:. 1 November 2021. 2185:. 25 October 2021. 2152:. 26 October 2021. 2111:. 25 October 2021. 2072:. 5 November 2021. 1973:. 26 October 2021. 1934:. 25 October 2021. 1861:. 18 November 2021. 1717:. 26 October 2021. 1590:of the Arab League 1194:Perthes spoke with 1162:On 25 October, the 976:National Umma Party 968:Sudanese Revolution 800:presidential palace 768:Sovereignty Council 730:Sudanese Revolution 652:Sovereignty Council 632:Government of Sudan 580:Sudanese Revolution 355:Ibrahim Jabir Karim 111: / 8240:Philippines (2007) 8160:Philippines (2003) 6858:Upper Volta (1982) 6802:Upper Volta (1980) 6700:Uganda (June 1977) 6588:Upper Volta (1974) 6402:Upper Volta (1966) 6189:Major publications 5414:Telecommunications 4849:Turkish occupation 4482:Al Jazeera English 4422:. 28 October 2021. 4405:(26 October 2021). 4035:(10 August 2019). 3901:. 21 November 2021 3438:(26 October 2021). 3401:Khalid Abdelaziz, 3376:The New York Times 3341:The New York Times 3294:(25 October 2021). 3279:Abdi Latif Dahir, 2917:Al Jazeera English 2888:. 8 October 2021. 2635:. Cairo. AP News. 2533:. 14 August 2019. 2402:Al Jazeera English 2367:Al Jazeera English 1809:. 22 November 2021 1781:. 11 November 2021 1749:. 11 November 2021 1425:Benjamin Netanyahu 1412:Mohammed bin Zayed 1404:In an analysis on 1382:Saudi war in Yemen 1276:The New York Times 972:civil disobedience 970:, called for mass 891: 851:Al Jazeera English 672:civil disobedience 656:the Hamdok Cabinet 120:15.60889; 32.52861 8640:Conflicts in 2021 8612: 8611: 8301:Bangladesh (2011) 8286:Madagascar (2010) 8260:Madagascar (2009) 8250:Mauritania (2008) 8230:Madagascar (2006) 8215:Mauritania (2005) 8155:Mauritania (2003) 8044:Bangladesh (1996) 7999:Azerbaijan (1995) 7944:Azerbaijan (1993) 7893:Venezuela (1992) 7786: 7785: 7763:: successful coup 7542:The Gambia (2014) 7479:Mali (April 2012) 7465:Mali (March 2012) 7437:Madagascar (2010) 7419:Madagascar (2009) 7405:Mauritania (2008) 7391:Madagascar (2006) 7377:Mauritania (2005) 7314:Mauritania (2003) 6886:Mauritania (1984) 6837:Seychelles (1981) 6809:Mauritania (1981) 6781:Mauritania (1980) 6742:Mauritania (1979) 6735:Mauritania (1978) 6686:Seychelles (1977) 6226: 6225: 5807: 5806: 5787:September attempt 5739:1977 Juba attempt 5652: 5651: 5624: 5623: 5427: 5426: 5390:(former currency) 5348: 5347: 5285:Foreign relations 5237: 5236: 5219: 5218: 5112: 5111: 5091:Natural disasters 4996: 4995: 4981:October 2021 coup 4946:Nomadic conflicts 4871:Independent Sudan 4692:. 27 October 2021 4570:. 26 October 2021 4225:. 2 November 2021 3746:. 9 November 2021 3517:. 31 October 2021 1592:Ahmed Aboul Gheit 1588:Secretary General 1351:Khartoum massacre 1129:Khartoum massacre 1087:Michelle Bachelet 760:Khartoum massacre 626:, led by General 624:Sudanese military 619: 618: 538:Battle of Malakal 526:War of the Peters 430: 429: 265:Ibrahim al-Sheikh 175: 174: 16:(Redirected from 8672: 8601: 8600: 8135:Venezuela (2002) 7964:Lithuania (1993) 7939:Guatemala (1993) 7813: 7806: 7799: 7790: 7789: 7779: 7771: 7764: 7751: 7744: 7737: 7730: 7723: 7716: 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4304:Associated Press 4292: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4251:. 8 October 2019 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4215: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4177: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4107: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4070: 4064: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4017: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3998:. 2 January 2022 3988: 3982: 3981: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3574: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3538: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3445: 3439: 3422: 3413: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3366: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3301: 3295: 3277: 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1810: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1752: 1750: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1724: 1722: 1707: 1706: 1695: 1690: 1663: 1627: 1597: 1572: 1552: 1541: 1530: 1520: 1515: 1497: 1487: 1477: 1467: 1457: 1442: 1439: 1430:Middle East Eye 1421:Abraham Accords 1372:Middle East Eye 1271: 1247: 1238: 1235: 1208: 1184: 1148:Mariam al-Mahdi 1145: 1137: 1121: 956: 950: 929:Abdallah Hamdok 925: 871:According to a 866: 861: 831: 792: 783: 777: 740: 728:Main articles: 726: 721: 646:on 26 October. 620: 615: 606: 492:1964 Revolution 468: 462: 460: 426: 425: 424: 423: 421: 415: 414: 413: 412: 408: 370: 368: 367: 359: 357: 356: 350: 348: 347: 339: 337: 336: 328: 326: 325: 317: 315: 312: 302: 300: 296:Mohamed al-Faki 290: 288: 280: 278: 270: 268: 260: 258: 248: 246: 226: 224: 223: 197: 188: 186: 146:Prime Minister 119: 117: 113: 110: 105: 102: 100: 98: 97: 96: 67: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8678: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8606: 8583: 8575: 8573:or its attempt 8566: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8557:Bolivia (2024) 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8484: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8469: 8467:Tunisia (2021) 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8447:Myanmar (2021) 8444: 8439: 8433: 8431: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8376:Burundi (2015) 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8331:Eritrea (2013) 8328: 8323: 8318: 8317: 8316: 8311: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8277: 8275: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8120:Burundi (2001) 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8095:Ecuador (2000) 8091: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8029:Burundi (1996) 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7989:Liberia (1994) 7986: 7984:Lesotho (1994) 7981: 7976: 7971: 7969:Nigeria (1993) 7966: 7961: 7959:Burundi (1993) 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7929:Algeria (1992) 7926: 7921: 7920: 7919: 7914: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7899: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7869:Lesotho (1991) 7866: 7860: 7858: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7850: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7816: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7793: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7780: 7777:attempted coup 7772: 7765: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7752: 7745: 7738: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7710: 7703: 7696: 7689: 7682: 7675: 7668: 7661: 7654: 7647: 7644:Tunisia (2021) 7640: 7633: 7626: 7619: 7611: 7609: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7594: 7587: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7552: 7549:Burundi (2015) 7545: 7538: 7535:Lesotho (2014) 7531: 7524: 7517: 7510: 7503: 7496: 7493:Eritrea (2013) 7489: 7482: 7475: 7468: 7461: 7454: 7447: 7440: 7432: 7430: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7387: 7380: 7373: 7366: 7359: 7352: 7345: 7338: 7331: 7324: 7317: 7310: 7303: 7296: 7289: 7286:Burundi (2001) 7282: 7274: 7272: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7264: 7257: 7250: 7243: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7215: 7208: 7205:Burundi (1996) 7201: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7177:Comoros (1995) 7173: 7170:Liberia (1994) 7166: 7163:Lesotho (1994) 7159: 7152: 7145: 7142:Nigeria (1993) 7138: 7131: 7128:Burundi (1993) 7124: 7117: 7114:Algeria (1992) 7110: 7103: 7096: 7093:Lesotho (1991) 7089: 7082: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7051:Nigeria (1990) 7047: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7022: 7015: 7008: 7001: 6994: 6987: 6980: 6977:Tunisia (1987) 6973: 6966: 6963:Burundi (1987) 6959: 6952: 6945: 6942:Lesotho (1986) 6938: 6935:Liberia (1985) 6931: 6924: 6917: 6914:Nigeria (1985) 6910: 6903: 6896: 6889: 6882: 6879:Nigeria (1983) 6875: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6847: 6840: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6791: 6788:Liberia (1980) 6784: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6731: 6724: 6721:Comoros (1978) 6717: 6714:Somalia (1978) 6710: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6665:Nigeria (1976) 6661: 6658:Burundi (1976) 6654: 6651:Comoros (1976) 6647: 6640: 6637:Nigeria (1975) 6633: 6626: 6619: 6616:Comoros (1975) 6612: 6605: 6598: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6567:Morocco (1972) 6563: 6556: 6553:Dahomey (1972) 6549: 6542: 6539:Morocco (1971) 6535: 6528: 6525:Lesotho (1970) 6520: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6503: 6500:Somalia (1969) 6496: 6489: 6482: 6479:Dahomey (1969) 6475: 6468: 6461: 6454: 6451:Algeria (1967) 6447: 6440: 6433: 6430:Dahomey (1967) 6426: 6419: 6412: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6360:Burundi (1965) 6356: 6353:Dahomey (1965) 6349: 6346:Algeria (1965) 6342: 6335: 6328: 6325:Dahomey (1963) 6321: 6318:Algeria (1962) 6314: 6311:Senegal (1962) 6307: 6304:Somalia (1961) 6300: 6293: 6286: 6279: 6271: 6269: 6265: 6264: 6256: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6233: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6154: 6153: 6152: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6135: 6130: 6128:Lena el-Sheikh 6125: 6120: 6115: 6107: 6105:Abdalla Hamdok 6096: 6088: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6084: 6081: 6076: 6068: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6058: 6044: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6032: 6025: 6023:2023 Civil war 6020: 6015: 6010: 6009: 6008: 5998: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5891: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5855:Omar al-Bashir 5851: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5837: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5814: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5659: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5639: 5638: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5524:Public toilets 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5480: 5479: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5455:Child marriage 5452: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5398: 5393: 5385: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5342: 5337: 5335:Vice President 5332: 5327: 5325:Prime Minister 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5304:September Laws 5297: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5196:South Kordofan 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5166:North Kordofan 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5141:Central Darfur 5138: 5133: 5128: 5122: 5120: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5099:Climate change 5095: 5093: 5084: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4988: 4986:2023 Civil war 4983: 4978: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4896:Communist coup 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4805: articles 4799: 4798: 4791: 4784: 4776: 4768: 4767: 4735: 4703: 4677: 4646: 4614: 4581: 4555: 4529: 4500: 4463: 4444: 4439:New York Times 4425: 4407: 4384: 4353: 4321: 4287: 4262: 4236: 4223:Eurasia Review 4205: 4169: 4138: 4097: 4065: 4009: 3983: 3964: 3938: 3912: 3886: 3854: 3822: 3790: 3757: 3731: 3699: 3666: 3634: 3602: 3566: 3528: 3502: 3470: 3440: 3414: 3394: 3358: 3327: 3296: 3292:New York Times 3265: 3230: 3197: 3165: 3123: 3090: 3058: 3028: 2998: 2965: 2935: 2903: 2871: 2839: 2806: 2773: 2740: 2714: 2681: 2650: 2608: 2578: 2548: 2518: 2493: 2455: 2420: 2385: 2347: 2311: 2276: 2237: 2200: 2167: 2126: 2087: 2052: 2019: 1988: 1949: 1908: 1864: 1846: 1820: 1792: 1760: 1732: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1667:South Sudanese 1662: 1659: 1650:European Union 1643: 1642: 1625: 1605:United Nations 1595: 1580:European Union 1565: 1564: 1550: 1539: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1495: 1485: 1475: 1465: 1455: 1438: 1435: 1407:Eurasia Review 1375:, argued that 1327:Omar al-Bashir 1270: 1267: 1246: 1243: 1233: 1207: 1204: 1183: 1180: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1133: 1120: 1117: 1079:Volker Perthes 949: 946: 924: 921: 917:Omar al-Bashir 865: 862: 860: 857: 835:Abdalla Hamdok 830: 827: 791: 788: 779:Main article: 776: 773: 744:Omar al-Bashir 725: 722: 720: 717: 696:European Union 640:Abdalla Hamdok 617: 616: 611: 608: 607: 605: 604: 599: 594: 593: 592: 587: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 551: 550: 540: 535: 530: 529: 528: 523: 516: 511: 501: 500: 499: 494: 489: 484: 473: 470: 469: 459: 458: 451: 444: 436: 428: 427: 417: 416: 410: 409: 402: 401: 395: 394: 393: 392: 389: 388: 384: 383: 379: 378: 345:Yasser al-Atta 313: 311: 310: 298: 286: 276: 266: 256: 254:Abdalla Hamdok 243: 240: 239: 235: 234: 213: 209: 208: 182: 181: 177: 176: 173: 172: 171: 170: 163: 160: 157: 154: 151: 148:Abdalla Hamdok 144: 132: 128: 127: 88: 86: 82: 81: 78: 70: 69: 59: 58: 47: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8677: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8625:2021 in Sudan 8623: 8622: 8620: 8605: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8568: 8567: 8564: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8517:Gambia (2022) 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8472: 8471:Sudan (2021) 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8462:Guinea (2021) 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8428: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8386:Turkey (2016) 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8366:Gambia (2014) 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8272: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8255:Guinea (2008) 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8086: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8059:Zambia (1997) 8057: 8055: 8054:Turkey (1997) 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8014:Guinea (1996) 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7979:Gambia (1994) 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7949:Russia (1993) 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7855: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7825: 7821: 7814: 7809: 7807: 7802: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7778: 7773: 7770: 7766: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7750: 7746: 7743: 7739: 7736: 7732: 7729: 7725: 7722: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7704: 7701: 7700:Gambia (2022) 7697: 7694: 7690: 7687: 7683: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7662: 7659: 7655: 7652: 7651:Guinea (2021) 7648: 7645: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7617: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7606: 7599: 7595: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7581: 7578: 7574: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7560: 7557: 7553: 7550: 7546: 7543: 7539: 7536: 7532: 7529: 7525: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7511: 7508: 7504: 7501: 7497: 7494: 7490: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7438: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7427: 7420: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7406: 7402: 7399: 7398:Guinea (2008) 7395: 7392: 7388: 7385: 7381: 7378: 7374: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7346: 7343: 7339: 7336: 7332: 7329: 7325: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7304: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7283: 7280: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7251: 7248: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7226:Zambia (1997) 7223: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7198:Guinea (1996) 7195: 7192: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7156:Gambia (1994) 7153: 7150: 7146: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7122: 7118: 7115: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7087: 7083: 7080: 7076: 7073: 7072:Ciskei (1990) 7069: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7058:Zambia (1990) 7055: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7016: 7013: 7009: 7006: 7002: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6988: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6974: 6971: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6946: 6943: 6939: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6928:Guinea (1985) 6925: 6922: 6918: 6915: 6911: 6908: 6907:Uganda (1985) 6904: 6901: 6900:Guinea (1984) 6897: 6894: 6890: 6887: 6883: 6880: 6876: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6834: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6816:Gambia (1981) 6813: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6792: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6725: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6711: 6708: 6707:Angola (1977) 6704: 6701: 6697: 6694: 6690: 6687: 6683: 6680: 6676: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6662: 6659: 6655: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6641: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6595:Uganda (1974) 6592: 6589: 6585: 6582: 6581:Rwanda (1973) 6578: 6575: 6571: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6533: 6532:Uganda (1971) 6529: 6526: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6508: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6441: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6427: 6424: 6420: 6417: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6396: 6392: 6389: 6385: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6364: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6322: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6290:Rwanda (1961) 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6249: 6247: 6242: 6240: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6219: 6218: 6209: 6208: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6168:Peace process 6166: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6143: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091:Chief Justice 6089: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5990: 5989:#BlueforSudan 5987: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5960: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5935: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879:Organisations 5877: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5865:War in Darfur 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5830: 5828: 5823: 5821: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5800: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5692: 5687: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5668: 5666: 5661: 5660: 5657: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5532: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5472:Ethnic groups 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 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