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Oblique type

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automatically slanted design, which may look worse) unless they check their installed fonts. Slanting the regular style to create an oblique was particularly often done on early computer and phototypesetting systems in the 1970s and -80s to save time and memory space, especially in lower-quality printing of
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offered serif typefaces with oblique rather than italic designs, especially display typefaces, but these designs (such as Genzsch Antiqua) have mostly disappeared. An exception is American Type Founders' Bookman, offered in some releases with the oblique of its metal type version. An unusual example
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Some computer programs handling text may simply generate an oblique form, a "fake italic", by slanting the normal font when they find no italic or oblique style installed. It may not be clear to the user where the oblique form comes from (whether it is a correctly installed oblique font or an
67:, except slanted. Oblique and italic type are technical terms to distinguish between the two ways of creating slanted font styles; oblique designs may be labelled italic by companies selling fonts or by computer programs. Oblique designs may also be called 227:, that in developing Perpetua's italic "we did not give enough slope to it. When we added more slope, it seemed that the font required a little more cursive to it." A few other type designers replicated his approach for a time: van Krimpen's Romulus and 123:
that descends below the line of text. Some may even link up, like cursive (joined-up) handwriting. Obliques by contrast are "simply" sloped. In addition, italic styles are often quite noticeably narrower than roman type, while oblique styles are not.
198:. With a partly oblique lower case, it also makes the italic capitals inline in the style of blackletter capitals in the larger sizes of the metal type. It was developed by Rudolph Koch, a type designer who had previously specialised in to 928:, which has longer ascenders and descenders than Romulus does. Digital period type designer James Puckett describes the obliques on both Romulus and Electra as "spectacular failures pretty much killed the idea for serifed types." 75:
styles. Oblique fonts, as supplied by a font designer, may be simply slanted, but this is often not the case: many have slight corrections made to them to give curves more consistent widths, so they retain the proportions of
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fonts to have true italics, but in the late nineteenth century some "sloped romans" were created by European and American foundries, particularly for display type and headings. Notable typefaces in this style include
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with a sloped roman rather than an italic, but came to find the style unattractive; Perpetua's italic when finally issued had the conventional italic 'a', 'e' and 'f'. Morison wrote to his friend, type designer
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Few typefaces have both oblique and italic designs, as this is generally a fundamental design choice about how the font should look. A font designer normally decides to design their font with one or the other.
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was for a time in the inter-war period interested in the oblique type style, which he felt stood out in text less than a true italic and should supersede it. He argued in his article
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font design (which does not use italics); Walter Tracy described his design as "uninhibited by the traditions of roman and italic". The printing historian and artistic director
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typefaces, however, often use true italic styles since they are more influenced by calligraphy and traditional serif fonts. Notable humanist sans-serif typefaces include
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Serif typefaces with an oblique are rare, but the Central Type Foundry's "De Vinne" (the words "American Lining System" in this specimen) is an early exception.
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Type designers have described oblique type as less organic and calligraphic than italics, which in some situations may be preferred. Contemporary type designer
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Almost all modern serif fonts have true italic designs. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a number of type foundries such as
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Electra was later reissued–although not in Britain–with a true italic, which is the only form most digitisations include. An exception is
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Specimens of type, borders, ornaments, brass rules and cuts, etc. : catalogue of printing machinery and materials, wood goods, etc
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Italic designs are not just the slanted version of the regular (roman) style; they are influenced by handwriting, with a single-storey
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typeface has a very traditional true italic in the style of the late eighteenth century, which he later wryly commented owed "more to
631: 875: 582: 924:'s Aluminia revival, which includes both. Romulus was issued on Morison's plan with an oblique a script typeface companion, 978: 282:, a 1908 grotesque design, has an oblique. Gothic Italic no. 124, an 1890s grotesque, has a crisp true italic resembling 256: 427: 834: 317:
and other prominent designers have defended obliques as more appropriate for the aesthetic of sans-serif fonts, while
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where a more decorative form was preferred. He made an attempt to promote the idea by commissioning the typeface
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Spelling modernised to avoid confusion–Morison wrote 'fount', the usual spelling in British English at the time.
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that serif book typefaces should have as the default sloped form an oblique and as a complement a
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typefaces use plainer oblique designs instead of italic ones. This is especially true with
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is a form of type that slants slightly to the right, used for the same purposes as
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stated that he had avoided a true italic 'a' and 'e' in his design
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and the thick-and-thin quality of strokes from the regular design.
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of an oblique font from the inter-war period is the display face
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Compare "Univers 65 Bold Oblique" and "Univers 66 Bold Italic"
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display face. European examples included Genzsch Antiqua from
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A simply slanted (L) and corrected (R) example of oblique type
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have described obliques as more "keen and insistent".
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An example text written three times in a typeface by
497: 158:in metal type (although not many recent versions), 149:Historically, it was normal for all Latin-alphabet 743: 535: 533: 47:and an oblique created by sloping the roman type. 1965: 781:. American Type Founders Company. 1897. p.  356: 829:(2 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 260. 530: 452: 1909:Intellectual property protection of typefaces 972: 1451: 570: 235:were both released with obliques. Morison's 566: 564: 562: 477: 475: 430:. Jeremy Tankard Typography. Archived from 177:Unusual backslanted oblique lettering on a 979: 965: 1935:Punctuation and other typographic symbols 824: 574:Letters of Credit: A View of Type Design 559: 472: 453:Frere-Jones, Tobias; Hoefler, Jonathan. 269: 172: 140: 106: 942:Typographica: Ain't What ITC Used to Be 749: 723: 717: 321:has supported the use of true italics. 102: 1966: 446: 344:Technical lettering § Lettering B 91:due to finding them "too soft", while 960: 325:Automated obliques, or "fake italics" 127: 868: 660: 481: 419: 399: 377: 724:Puckett, James (22 November 2016). 612: 539: 425: 246: 63:shapes; it uses the same glyphs as 13: 952:CSS font-style: oblique vs italic" 849: 14: 1985: 935: 597: 362: 1948: 1947: 750:Morison, Stanley (Autumn 2012). 28: 23: 914: 905: 843: 825:Frutiger, Adrian (8 May 2014). 818: 796: 699:"Recasting Electra as Aluminia" 654: 624: 986: 577:. D.R. Godine. pp. 61–4. 371: 286:serif families of the period. 136: 1: 1904:History of Western typography 827:Typefaces: The Complete Works 571:Walter Tracy (January 2003). 349: 1751:traditional point-size names 7: 1004:Canons of page construction 855:"My Type-Design Philosophy" 402:"Ain't What ITC Used To Be" 337: 313:; all have italic designs. 10: 1990: 1943: 1927: 1859: 1812: 1766: 1706: 1589: 1529: 1487: 1464: 1432: 1392: 1381: 1326: 1280: 1232: 1184: 1161:Subscript and superscript 1116: 1107: 1057: 994: 459:Hoefler & Frere-Jones 1919:Vox-ATypI classification 1049:Intentionally blank page 898: 878:. W3.org. Archived from 229:William Addison Dwiggins 618:Towards an Ideal Italic 546:Type Design Information 380:"Fake vs. True Italics" 208:Towards an Ideal Italic 1452: 926:Cancelleresca Bastarda 508:"Typophile discussion" 291: 187:American Type Founders 182: 146: 112: 661:Lo Celso, Alejandro. 273: 176: 144: 110: 1789:Typographic features 752:"Changing the Times" 103:Obliques and italics 16:Form of slanted type 1914:Technical lettering 1813:Typography in other 1554:Hanging punctuation 705:. 11 September 2017 687:on 8 November 2014. 295:Humanist sans-serif 191:Genzsch & Heyse 168:Genzsch & Heyse 1877:Handwriting script 1804:Desktop publishing 1774:Character encoding 1767:Digital typography 1281:Horizontal aspects 1234:Visual distinction 1092:Widows and orphans 703:Letterform Archive 642:on 10 January 2012 518:on 8 November 2014 292: 274:Three sans-serif " 183: 179:Norwegian banknote 147: 128:Specific typefaces 113: 1961: 1960: 1708:Typographic units 1626:For position only 1525: 1524: 1377: 1376: 730:dailytypespecimen 602:. pp. 162–3. 600:Letters of Credit 584:978-1-56792-240-0 542:"Friedrich Bauer" 426:Tankard, Jeremy. 365:Letters of Credit 156:Bookman Old Style 1981: 1951: 1950: 1928:Related template 1860:Related articles 1661:Phototypesetting 1515:reverse-contrast 1500:Display typeface 1457: 1434:Blackletter type 1390: 1389: 1327:Vertical aspects 1308:Sentence spacing 1118:Typeface anatomy 1114: 1113: 981: 974: 967: 958: 957: 929: 918: 912: 909: 892: 891: 889: 887: 872: 866: 865: 863: 861: 847: 841: 840: 822: 816: 815: 813: 811: 800: 794: 793: 791: 789: 773: 767: 766: 764: 762: 747: 741: 740: 738: 736: 721: 715: 714: 712: 710: 695: 689: 688: 686: 680:. 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Archived from 504: 495: 494: 492: 490: 482:Simonson, Mark. 479: 470: 469: 467: 465: 450: 444: 443: 441: 439: 423: 417: 416: 414: 412: 400:Simonson, Mark. 397: 391: 390: 388: 386: 378:Simonson, Mark. 375: 369: 368: 367:. pp. 61–5. 360: 334:and newspapers. 247:Sans-serif fonts 160:Linn Boyd Benton 32: 27: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1979: 1978: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1939: 1923: 1855: 1815:writing systems 1814: 1808: 1762: 1702: 1646:Microtypography 1585: 1521: 1483: 1460: 1428: 1385:classifications 1384: 1373: 1322: 1276: 1242:Blackboard bold 1228: 1180: 1103: 1053: 1044:Recto and verso 990: 985: 938: 933: 932: 919: 915: 910: 906: 901: 896: 895: 885: 883: 874: 873: 869: 859: 857: 848: 844: 837: 823: 819: 809: 807: 802: 801: 797: 787: 785: 775: 774: 770: 760: 758: 748: 744: 734: 732: 722: 718: 708: 706: 697: 696: 692: 684: 673: 659: 655: 645: 643: 630: 629: 625: 611: 607: 598:Tracy, Walter. 596: 592: 585: 569: 560: 550: 548: 538: 531: 521: 519: 506: 505: 498: 488: 486: 480: 473: 463: 461: 451: 447: 437: 435: 434:on 17 July 2014 424: 420: 410: 408: 398: 394: 384: 382: 376: 372: 363:Tracy, Walter. 361: 357: 352: 340: 327: 315:Adrian Frutiger 249: 237:Times New Roman 225:Jan van Krimpen 212:script typeface 204:Stanley Morison 139: 130: 105: 50: 49: 48: 33: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1987: 1977: 1976: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1937: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1849:National Fonts 1841: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1824: 1818: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1794:Web typography 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1712: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1671:Reversing type 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1601: 1595: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1540: 1538: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1497: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1468: 1462: 1461: 1459: 1458: 1449: 1444: 1438: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1398: 1396: 1387: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1298:Letter-spacing 1295: 1290: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1275: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1252:Color printing 1249: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1186:Capitalization 1182: 1181: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1122: 1120: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1063: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1024:Page numbering 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1000: 998: 992: 991: 984: 983: 976: 969: 961: 955: 954: 949: 944: 937: 936:External links 934: 931: 930: 913: 903: 902: 900: 897: 894: 893: 882:on 14 May 2019 867: 851:Majoor, Martin 842: 836:978-3038212607 835: 817: 806:. 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Retrieved 880:the original 870: 860:23 September 858:. Retrieved 845: 826: 820: 808:. Retrieved 804:"Goudy Sans" 798: 786:. Retrieved 777: 771: 759:. Retrieved 755: 745: 733:. Retrieved 729: 719: 707:. Retrieved 693: 682:the original 677: 668: 664: 656: 644:. Retrieved 640:the original 635: 626: 617: 608: 599: 593: 573: 549:. Retrieved 545: 520:. Retrieved 516:the original 511: 489:23 September 487:. Retrieved 462:. Retrieved 448: 436:. Retrieved 432:the original 421: 409:. Retrieved 406:Typographica 405: 395: 385:23 September 383:. Retrieved 373: 364: 358: 328: 293: 250: 207: 196:Koch Antiqua 184: 148: 131: 120: 116: 114: 82: 73:sloped roman 72: 68: 53:Oblique type 52: 51: 18: 1894:Type design 1889:Style guide 1882:Calligraphy 1872:Handwriting 1686:Type design 1636:Lorem ipsum 1631:Letterpress 1591:Typesetting 1531:Punctuation 1495:Record type 1466:Gaelic type 1454:Schwabacher 1344:Body height 1209:Letter case 1077:Line length 886:12 November 810:12 November 735:10 November 709:10 November 484:"Bookmania" 464:16 December 438:16 December 411:10 November 280:News Gothic 200:blackletter 164:wedge-serif 137:Serif fonts 97:Frere-Jones 57:italic type 37:Jean Jannon 1974:Typography 1867:Penmanship 1839:East Asian 1681:Type color 1614:monospaced 1571:Interpunct 1564:minus sign 1488:Specialist 1424:Sans-serif 1417:slab serif 1394:Roman type 1349:Cap height 1313:Thin space 1272:Whitespace 1224:Title case 1219:Snake case 1214:Small caps 1199:Camel case 1131:Diacritics 1039:Pull quote 1034:Pagination 1029:Paper size 988:Typography 646:8 November 632:"Perpetua" 551:8 November 522:8 November 350:References 303:Goudy Sans 253:sans-serif 65:roman type 1364:Overshoot 1359:Mean line 1354:Descender 1267:Underline 1109:Character 1087:Runaround 1067:Alignment 1059:Paragraph 788:17 August 636:Fonts.com 512:Typophile 455:"Whitney" 299:Gill Sans 261:Helvetica 257:grotesque 220:Eric Gill 1968:Category 1953:Category 1832:PT Fonts 1827:Cyrillic 1691:Typeface 1609:computer 1510:fat face 1383:Typeface 1369:x-height 1339:Baseline 1334:Ascender 1194:All caps 1156:Rotation 1151:Ligature 1146:Ink trap 669:Families 338:See also 332:ephemera 216:Perpetua 78:counters 1779:Hinting 1656:Pangram 1474:Insular 1447:Rotunda 1442:Fraktur 1407:Antiqua 1293:Kerning 1262:Oblique 1257:Italics 1204:Initial 1136:Dingbat 1126:Counter 1072:Leading 876:"Fonts" 761:28 July 428:"Bliss" 307:FF Meta 288:Seravek 276:italics 233:Electra 181:of 1807 119:and an 93:Hoefler 69:slanted 1822:Arabic 1721:Cicero 1559:Hyphen 1544:Bullet 1505:script 1479:Uncial 1412:Didone 1176:Tittle 1019:Margin 1009:Column 833:  665:Serial 581:  284:Didone 265:Futura 45:italic 1746:Point 1716:Agate 1576:Space 1402:Serif 1303:Pitch 1166:Swash 1141:Glyph 1082:River 899:Notes 685:(PDF) 674:(PDF) 667:Type 251:Many 241:Didot 218:from 151:serif 89:Bliss 61:glyph 41:Roman 1844:Thai 1758:Twip 1741:Pica 1696:list 1676:Sort 1604:Font 1549:Dash 1535:List 1247:Bold 1097:runt 996:Page 888:2011 862:2014 831:ISBN 812:2011 790:2015 763:2015 737:2017 711:2017 648:2014 579:ISBN 553:2014 524:2014 491:2014 466:2016 440:2016 413:2017 387:2014 309:and 189:and 95:and 783:340 756:Eye 278:". 71:or 1970:: 1731:En 1726:Em 853:. 754:. 728:. 701:. 676:. 634:. 616:. 561:^ 544:. 532:^ 510:. 499:^ 474:^ 457:. 404:. 305:, 301:, 231:' 170:. 43:, 1537:) 1533:( 980:e 973:t 966:v 890:. 864:. 839:. 814:. 792:. 765:. 739:. 713:. 671:" 663:" 650:. 620:. 587:. 555:. 526:. 493:. 468:. 442:. 415:. 389:. 121:f 117:a

Index



Jean Jannon
Roman
italic
italic type
glyph
roman type
counters
Jeremy Tankard
Bliss
Hoefler
Frere-Jones


serif
Bookman Old Style
Linn Boyd Benton
wedge-serif
Genzsch & Heyse

Norwegian banknote
American Type Founders
Genzsch & Heyse
Koch Antiqua
blackletter
Stanley Morison
script typeface
Perpetua
Eric Gill

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