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Three Roman ships were built to transport one obelisk. The two aft ships were of rectangular shape; they were 37 meters in length and 5 meters in width. The two ships were held together by longitudinal beams, while the obelisk was tied to these longitudinal beams and held stationary underwater. The
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His
Majesty has ordered the commissioning of multitudinous works for the making of very great obelisks and great and wondrous statues in the name of His Majesty. He made great barges for transporting them, and ships crews to match them (for) ferrying them from the quarry while the officials and
250:
For this purpose, a canal was dug from the river Nile to the spot where the obelisk lay; and two broad vessels, laden with blocks of similar stone a foot square, the cargo of each amounting to double the size, and consequently double the weight, of the obelisk, were brought beneath it; the
148:
was granted superintendence of the king's building projects, which included the erection of two obelisks. A surviving text fragment documents that the obelisk ship had a length of ~63 metres (207 ft) and a width of ~21 metres (69 ft).
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in its length, 40 cubits in its width, in order to transport these obelisks. (They) came in peace, safety and prosperity, and landed at Karnak ... of the city. Its 'track' was laid with every pleasant wood.
285:, was in the front and was tied to the two larger ships carrying the obelisk. The third ship’s purpose was to help steer the two aft ships and have rowers and sail power the ship across the Mediterranean.
251:
extremities of the obelisk remaining supported by the opposite sides of the canal. The blocks of stone were then removed, and the vessels, being thus gradually lightened, received their burden.
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There is little evidence of the great ships that carried the large obelisks across the
Mediterranean. One of the two ships that carried the Vatican obelisk was purposely sunk by the emperor
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from the quarry to their destination. Fifteen centuries later, the Romans used ships to transport obelisks across the
Mediterranean to Rome. Today,
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512:. Nineteenth Century Collections Online (NCCO): Photography: The World through the Lens. John C. Nimmo.
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commissioned numerous works, including multiple obelisks, and large barges to transport them. A rock
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transport-men hastened and his eldest son was before them doing what is beneficial for His
Majesty.
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Wirsching, Armin (2000). "How the
Obelisks Reached Rome: Evidence of Roman Double-Ships".
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harbor; the other burned down during
Caligula’s reign (36–41 CE) while on display at the
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I (Ineni) inspected the erection of two obelisks ... built the august boat of 120
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101:, though not in their original places. The first of the obelisks, the 263-ton
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Wirsching, Armin (2003). "Supplementary
Remarks on the Roman Obelisk-Ships".
549:
The temple of Deir el Bahari (Band 6): The lower terrace, additions and plans
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Until the second half of the 19th century two obelisks were located at the
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578:. Translated by Bostock, John; Riley, H.T. London: Taylor and Francis.
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Brand, Peter J. (1997). "The 'Lost' Obelisks and
Colossi of Seti I".
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165:'s barge loaded with two obelisks on its way to the great temple of
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ships were constructed to transport obelisks from Egypt across the
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Pliny the Elder described how an obelisk was loaded onto a ship.
238:(330–393 CE) give accounts of how obelisks were brought to Rome.
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Obelisken transportieren und aufrichten in Ägypten und in Rom
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Ships of the
Pharaohs: 4000 years of Egyptian Shipbuilding
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498:. Vol. 2. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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606:(1st ed.). Buckinghamshire: Shire Publications.
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652:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
623:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
188:Obelisk ship of Hatshepsut, carrying two obelisks
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462:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
551:. Vol. 6. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.
685:(in German) (3rd ed.). Norderstedt: BoD.
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99:eight ancient Egyptian obelisks stand in Rome
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3257:Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle
3204:International Congress of Maritime Museums
3184:Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
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3272:National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
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137:from the quarries to their destination.
129:The earliest obelisk ships were built in
113:– in 10 BCE. while the last, the 500-ton
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
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3242:Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology
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3194:European Association of Archaeologists
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3189:Archaeological Institute of America
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13:
664:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2003.tb01438.x
635:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2000.tb01456.x
14:
4054:
3199:Institute of Nautical Archaeology
2589:Coastal defence and fortification
1964:Roman circumnavigation of Britain
1264:Navigation, and ports and harbors
542:. Vol. 17. pp. 319–329.
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3224:Society for American Archaeology
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16:Ships used to transport obelisks
2656:Phoenician discovery of America
453:
349:in 1877. Four years later, the
213:
2348:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
597:. Cambridge: University Press.
357:and shipped to New York City.
133:to transport obelisks via the
93:of ancient Egypt to transport
1:
3267:Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa
1942:Phoenician maritime expansion
377:
175:Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
3209:Nautical Archaeology Society
288:
7:
3262:Museum of Ancient Seafaring
2639:Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
2445:Kidnapping of Julius Caesar
2302:Indus–Mesopotamia relations
1661:
742:
360:
345:was taken to London by the
89:Ships were used during the
10:
4059:
3118:Phoenician Ship Expedition
2409:
1959:Pytheas' voyage to Britain
1952:Circumnavigation of Africa
504:Gorringe, Henry Honychurch
4038:Ancient Egyptian obelisks
4004:
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2644:Samothrace temple complex
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679:Wirsching, Armin (2013).
547:Naville, Edouard (1908).
517:Landström, Björn (1970).
1932:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
604:Egyptian Boats and Ships
495:Ancient records of Egypt
432:Pliny & Bostock 1855
367:List of obelisks in Rome
32:This article includes a
3214:RPM Nautical Foundation
2951:Surviving ancient ships
2870:Marsala Punic shipwreck
536:Marcellinus, Ammianus.
347:cylinder ship Cleopatra
335:Caesareum of Alexandria
117:, was transported from
105:, was transported from
61:more precise citations.
3247:Giza Solar boat museum
2701:Underwater exploration
2696:Underwater archaeology
2661:Pre-Columbian theories
2516:John Sinclair Morrison
2477:Research and education
1927:Austronesian Expansion
602:Vinson, Steve (1994).
253:
211:
189:
159:
3817:Sovereign of the Seas
3627:Chinese treasure ship
3538:Roman ship of Marausa
3494:Caligula's Giant Ship
3318:Legend and literature
3276:Viking ship museums:
3252:Grand Egyptian Museum
3012:Austronesian replicas
2987:Heyerdahl expeditions
2897:Caligula's Giant Ship
2757:Dover Bronze Age Boat
1419:Berenice Troglodytica
573:The Natural History.
521:. London: Doubleday.
490:Breasted, James Henry
372:Ships of ancient Rome
281:third ship, a larger
248:
206:
187:
151:
3480:Largest wooden ships
3219:Sea Research Society
2621:Maritime archaeology
2430:Ameinias the Phocian
2425:Mediterranean piracy
591:Torr, Cecil (1895).
557:10.11588/DIGLIT.4147
353:was loaded onto the
256:Destruction of ships
236:Ammianus Marcellinus
140:During the reign of
4043:Cargo ships by type
4033:Ancient Roman ships
3859:William D. Lawrence
3569:Medieval and modern
2312:Maritime Jade Route
1465:Kaveri Poompattinam
339:Cleopatra's Needles
329:Cleopatra's Needles
230:(modern Istanbul).
161:A relief depicting
3790:Santisima Trinidad
3499:Hatshepsut's barge
2860:Bajo de la Campana
2562:Peter Throckmorton
2547:Jean-Yves Empereur
2521:William L. Rodgers
2342:Maritime Silk Road
308:. You can help by
276:Naval architecture
190:
91:Eighteenth Dynasty
34:list of references
4020:
4019:
3796:São João Baptista
3749:Peter Pomegranate
3605:Wind-powered only
3571:oar-powered ships
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3307:
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3294:
2915:Madrague de Giens
2634:Temple of Isthmia
2630:Maritime temples
2616:Marine navigation
2575:
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2567:Shelley Wachsmann
2557:J. Richard Steffy
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1937:Ocean exploration
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1298:Rutter (nautical)
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1097:Mortise and tenon
731:Ancient seafaring
692:978-3-8334-8513-8
539:Roman Antiquities
509:Egyptian Obelisks
326:
325:
204:at Aswan states:
173:was found in the
103:Flaminian obelisk
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3621:Baron of Renfrew
3614:Adler von Lübeck
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3331:Ark of bulrushes
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2941:Oldest surviving
2651:Nusantao network
2526:Chester G. Starr
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2435:Cilician pirates
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2332:Sa Huynh-Kalanay
2327:Iron Age Britain
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1982:
1981:
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1561:Ptolemais Theron
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841:Single-outrigger
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242:Loading of ships
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57:this article by
48:inline citations
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3175:Institutes and
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3125:Viking replicas
3066:Balangay Voyage
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1165:Triangular sail
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1037:Sail components
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891:Tessarakonteres
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575:Vol. 7, Book 36
565:Pliny the Elder
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234:(23–79 CE) and
232:Pliny the Elder
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115:Lateran obelisk
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38:related reading
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3928:George Spencer
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3921:Frank O'Connor
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3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3108:
3100:Mediterranean
3098:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3053:Alingano Maisu
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2902:De Meern ships
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2772:Cape Gelidonya
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2717:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2535:Archaeologists
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:David Blackman
2497:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2440:Jewish pirates
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Lake Trasimene
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:Mediterranean:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1330:Maritime pilot
1327:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1295:
1293:Portolan chart
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1267:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
993:
992:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
956:
954:
950:
949:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
925:
923:
919:
918:
916:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
866:Oared warships
863:
855:
854:
853:
848:
843:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
802:
801:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
760:
758:
748:
747:
735:
734:
727:
726:
719:
712:
704:
698:
697:
691:
676:
658:(1): 121–123.
647:
629:(2): 273–283.
618:
612:
599:
588:
569:"14. Obelisks"
561:
544:
533:
528:978-0385078306
527:
514:
500:
486:
455:
452:
449:
448:
436:
419:
417:, p. 104.
407:
395:
382:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
369:
362:
359:
330:
327:
324:
323:
303:
301:
290:
287:
277:
274:
257:
254:
243:
240:
228:Constantinople
215:
212:
179:Deir el-Bahari
126:
123:
85:
84:
42:external links
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4055:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3995:Al-Hashemi-II
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3935:Great Western
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3877:Steam-powered
3874:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3716:Madre de Deus
3713:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3687:Great Michael
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Obelisk ships
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:Ancient ships
3485:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3401:Metamorphoses
3398:
3396:
3394:
3393:The Histories
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3371:The Histories
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3315:
3311:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3086:Marumaru Atua
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3046:Samudra Raksa
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:Te Au o Tonga
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Blackfriars I
2890:
2888:
2887:Arles Rhône 3
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Thalassocracy
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Shell middens
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2626:Naval warfare
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Lionel Casson
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2470:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:Incense trade
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2241:South America
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Sailing ships
2187:
2185:
2184:Oared vessels
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Cape Hermaeum
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1917:Migration and
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:Ancient Egypt
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:Civilizations
1715:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1316:
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1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:Clinker built
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1077:Boat building
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
988:
987:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
924:
920:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
856:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
826:Navis lusoria
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
800:
797:
796:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
736:
732:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:
702:
694:
688:
684:
683:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
615:
613:0-7478-0222-X
609:
605:
600:
596:
595:
594:Ancient Ships
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
541:
540:
534:
530:
524:
520:
515:
511:
510:
505:
501:
497:
496:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
457:
445:
444:Gorringe 1882
440:
433:
428:
426:
424:
416:
411:
404:
399:
393:, p. 43.
392:
391:Breasted 1906
387:
383:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
320:
311:
307:
304:This section
302:
299:
295:
294:
286:
284:
273:
271:
267:
264:to build the
263:
252:
247:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:Mediterranean
221:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
158:
156:
150:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
131:Ancient Egypt
125:Ancient Egypt
122:
120:
116:
112:
109:– modern-day
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
81:
78:
70:
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
39:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3993:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3810:Soleil Royal
3809:
3802:
3795:
3783:
3776:
3768:
3762:
3755:
3747:
3736:
3729:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3701:
3692:
3685:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3654:Ganj-i-Sawai
3652:
3645:
3639:
3633:Cinco Chagas
3631:
3620:
3612:
3594:Galère Réale
3593:
3586:
3578:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3532:
3523:Marsala Ship
3517:Leontophoros
3515:
3504:
3422:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3384:
3379:On the Ocean
3377:
3370:
3362:
3359:Literature:
3147:
3129:
3110:
3103:
3093:Aotearoa One
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2978:Experimental
2946:Museum ships
2913:
2906:
2879:
2851:Phoenician:
2842:
2837:Leontophoros
2835:
2799:Butuan boats
2794:Pontian boat
2732:Dufuna canoe
2671:Shipbuilding
2582:and theories
2552:Boris Rankov
2346:
2279:Economy and
2179:Incendiaries
2026:
1813:Indus Valley
1781:Tarumanagara
1708:Ubaid period
1626:Wadi al-Jarf
1541:Ostia Antica
1145:Fore-and-aft
1112:Shipbuilding
1087:Carvel built
1069:Construction
1027:Steering oar
908:Sailing ship
831:Obelisk ship
830:
789:Dugout canoe
681:
655:
651:
626:
622:
603:
593:
576:
572:
548:
538:
518:
508:
494:
465:
461:
454:Bibliography
439:
410:
405:, p. 2.
403:Naville 1908
398:
386:
351:standing one
332:
317:January 2023
314:
310:adding to it
305:
279:
259:
249:
245:
226:to Rome and
220:Roman Empire
217:
214:Ancient Rome
207:
194:19th dynasty
191:
160:
152:
139:
128:
88:
73:
64:
53:Please help
45:
3956:La Bretagne
3900:Continental
3893:Australasia
3824:Susquehanna
3742:Océan class
3680:Great Harry
3587:Galera Real
3580:Cakra Dunia
3386:Argonautica
3373:(Herodotus)
3336:Flood myths
3233:Museums and
3177:conferences
3142:Vital Alsar
2980:archaeology
2789:Austronesia
2782:Hjortspring
2777:Rochelongue
2727:Pesse canoe
2681:Ship burial
2666:Sea Peoples
2599:Lighthouses
2594:Grave goods
2542:George Bass
2322:Spice trade
1919:exploration
1741:Philippines
1736:Austronesia
1729:Old Kingdom
1606:Trincomalee
1556:Prosphorion
1501:Myos Hormos
1345:Micronesian
1336:By region:
1308:Lighthouses
1116:By region:
881:Quinquereme
806:Kunlun ship
799:Penteconter
784:Dragon boat
468:: 101–114.
218:During the
59:introducing
4027:Categories
3907:Dunderberg
3886:Appomattox
3803:Shenandoah
3784:Santa Anna
3673:Grace Dieu
3558:Thalamegos
3528:Nemi ships
3511:Khufu ship
3395:(Polybius)
3039:Hawaiʻiloa
2921:Nemi ships
2806:Black Sea
2752:Khufu ship
2713:and relics
2611:Marine art
2604:Alexandria
2511:Fik Meijer
2494:Historians
2381:Indo-Roman
2194:Greek navy
2096:Salamis II
2086:Hellespont
2046:Artemisium
2036:Nile Delta
1999:Achaemenid
1892:Achaemenid
1761:Langkasuka
1756:Micronesia
1674:Prehistory
1601:Sounagoura
1429:Chittagong
1404:Barbarikon
1383:Alexandria
1325:Pilot boat
1275:Navigation
1107:Sewn-plank
1102:Lashed-lug
980:Figurehead
953:Components
922:Propulsion
876:Quadrireme
857:Polyremes
836:Outriggers
584:1377782773
415:Brand 1997
378:References
355:SS Dessoug
343:fallen one
163:Hatshepsut
142:Thutmose I
107:Heliopolis
3963:L.R. Doty
3831:Tenacious
3723:Mahmudiye
3700:Javanese
3666:Götheborg
3544:Syracusia
3408:Geography
3346:Gilgamesh
3235:memorials
3159:Viracocha
3072:Faʻafaite
3025:Sarimanok
2931:Yassi Ada
2844:Syracusia
2767:Canaanite
2742:Moor Sand
2212:By region
2174:Grappling
2146:Naulochus
2136:Myonessus
2091:Echinades
2076:Arginusae
2071:Cynossema
2056:Naupactus
2051:Eurymedon
1885:Classical
1860:Phoenicia
1855:Mycenaean
1818:Tamilakam
1801:Polynesia
1791:Srivijaya
1586:Satingpra
1546:Palembang
1530:Cattigara
1472:(Kadaram)
1455:Jambukola
1449:Guangzhou
1390:(Podouke)
1388:Arikamedu
1350:Polynesia
1283:Celestial
1196:Armaments
1182:Spritsail
1140:Crab claw
1082:Careening
1049:Sternpost
903:Reed boat
846:Catamaran
821:Multihull
672:233246649
643:162710923
567:(1855) .
289:Modernity
67:July 2009
3987:Immobile
3763:Pretoria
3640:Columbus
3424:Tākitimu
3327:Legend:
3285:Roskilde
3164:Tangaroa
3105:Olympias
3079:Gaualofa
3018:Hōkūleʻa
2993:Kon-Tiki
2826:Ashkelon
2762:Uluburun
2721:Earliest
2487:Scholars
2369:shipping
2169:Boarding
2081:Mytilene
2066:Syracuse
2031:Alashiya
1994:Egyptian
1978:Military
1969:Timeline
1947:Sardinia
1870:Carthage
1786:Kalingga
1746:Sa Huỳnh
1681:Timeline
1631:Zanzibar
1581:Sarapion
1576:Rhacotis
1506:Martaban
1451:(Canton)
1444:Godavaya
1439:Giao Chỉ
1409:Barygaza
1399:Avalites
1320:Piloting
1208:Catapult
1203:Ballista
1177:Mast-aft
990:Planking
929:Paddling
886:Hexareme
851:Trimaran
816:Longship
764:Balangay
506:(1882).
492:(1906).
482:40000801
434:, 36.14.
361:See also
272:harbor.
262:Claudius
95:obelisks
4012:Belyana
3977:Orlando
3949:Jylland
3866:Wyoming
3852:Victory
3777:Roanoke
3364:Odyssey
3341:Genesis
3138:Others
2937:Lists:
2926:Marausa
2876:Roman:
2866:Punic:
2831:Kyrenia
2822:Greek:
2818:Marsala
2811:Sinop D
2686:Tacking
2420:History
2307:Meluhha
2297:Fishing
2292:Whaling
2199:Ramming
2121:Aegates
2116:Drepana
2111:Ecnomus
2041:Salamis
2029:
2019:Battles
1897:Nabatea
1880:Archaic
1850:Nuragic
1840:Somalia
1691:Oceania
1686:Britain
1663:History
1596:Socotra
1566:Qandala
1551:Piraeus
1521:Muziris
1491:Madurai
1486:Manthai
1424:Canopus
1394:Arsinoe
1366:harbors
1315:History
1303:Coastal
1233:Sambuca
1218:Dolphin
1132:Rigging
944:Poling
934:Sailing
871:Trireme
811:Liburna
774:Coracle
744:Vessels
283:trireme
270:Puteoli
192:In the
55:improve
3970:Mersey
3914:Eureka
3770:Rahīmī
3737:Orient
3709:Kronan
3660:Ghurab
3415:Aeneid
3131:Viking
3112:Regina
2881:Alkedo
2737:Abydos
2711:Wrecks
2580:Topics
2410:Piracy
2364:Greece
2224:Odisha
2156:Actium
2151:Mycale
1986:Navies
1875:Greece
1865:Olmecs
1833:Pandya
1808:Minoan
1771:Champa
1751:Lapita
1696:Remote
1616:Tyndis
1571:Quilon
1516:Muscat
1481:Lothal
1476:Korkai
1460:Jeddah
1434:Essina
1378:Adulis
1288:Charts
1223:Harpax
1213:Corvus
1187:Square
1155:Settee
1150:Lateen
1059:Tiller
1054:Strake
1022:Rudder
1012:Paddle
960:Anchor
939:Towing
861:Bireme
794:Galley
769:Bangka
689:
670:
641:
610:
582:
525:
480:
341:. The
266:Portus
198:Seti I
171:Karnak
155:cubits
119:Karnak
4005:Other
3942:Iosco
3351:Greek
3154:Abora
3148:Ivlia
3060:Saina
3004:Ra II
2962:Sites
2747:Dokos
2359:Egypt
2281:trade
2246:Rafts
2231:Japan
2219:India
2131:Chios
2101:Mylae
2061:Olpae
2009:Roman
2004:Greek
1902:Aksum
1828:Chera
1823:Chola
1796:Sunda
1776:Kutai
1766:Kedah
1611:Tulum
1591:Sidon
1536:Opone
1526:Óc Eo
1496:Malao
1470:Kedah
1414:Basra
1362:Ports
1340:Inuit
1160:Tanja
1120:Egypt
970:Cabin
913:Tomol
756:Types
668:S2CID
639:S2CID
478:JSTOR
202:stela
146:Ineni
111:Cairo
40:, or
3838:Vasa
3730:Mars
3702:jong
3505:Isis
3280:Oslo
3002:and
2908:Isis
2855:Gozo
2376:Rome
2354:Maya
2236:Rome
2141:Nile
1907:Rome
1845:Maya
1701:Near
1621:Tyre
1373:Aden
1172:Junk
1044:Stem
1032:Sail
1017:Rope
1002:Mast
997:Keel
985:Hull
975:Deck
898:Raft
779:Dhow
687:ISBN
608:ISBN
580:OCLC
523:ISBN
167:Amun
135:Nile
2317:Tin
1364:and
1228:Ram
1007:Oar
965:Bow
660:doi
631:doi
553:doi
470:doi
312:.
177:at
169:at
4029::
3000:Ra
2969:H3
2723::
666:.
656:32
654:.
637:.
627:29
625:.
571:.
476:.
466:34
464:.
422:^
196:,
181:.
144:,
121:.
44:,
36:,
3744:)
3740:(
3472:e
3465:t
3458:v
1532:)
1528:(
723:e
716:t
709:v
695:.
674:.
662::
645:.
633::
616:.
586:.
559:.
555::
531:.
484:.
472::
446:.
319:)
315:(
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
