69:
89:, a species of bacteria, taken from human mouths. Some human subjects harboured obelisks for more than 300 days. The initial study showed the presence of obelisks in about 7 percent of the stool samples, and about 50 percent of saliva samples, from individuals living on all continents.
131:
The preprint says: "Owing to a strong predicted rod-like secondary structure, we term this group of RNAs
Obelisk-alpha."... "At 1164 nt in length, the rod-like secondary structure was striking..." (Secondary with respect to the circular assembly structure.)
359:
104:
genome assemblies with around 1000 base pairs, and rod-like secondary structures that encompass the entire genome. In contrast to viroids, their RNA is translated into proteins, tentatively called "
352:
292:
345:
92:
The effect of obelisks on human health, if any, is yet to be determined, as are issues such as their life cycles, and what factors their replication depend on.
160:
Ivan N. Zheludev; Robert C. Edgar; Maria Jose Lopez-Galiano; Marcos de la Peña; Artem
Babaian; Ami S. Bhatt; Andrew Z. Fire (21 January 2024).
68:
47:
with the genomic sequence of any other life form. Currently, only a few methods are available for the identification of these elements from
915:
276:
253:
482:
848:
905:
910:
833:
821:
112:
159:
48:
337:
985:
892:
838:
980:
927:
85:
315:
937:
8:
512:
40:
184:
161:
806:
728:
245:
44:
108:" in the preprint. The two proteins listed there have been named Oblin-1 and Oblin-2.
700:
602:
372:
249:
237:
221:
189:
54:
With their relationship to other organisms being unknown, they are an example of the
284:
229:
197:
179:
171:
644:
120:
693:
658:
651:
630:
609:
586:
466:
233:
116:
56:
175:
969:
932:
860:
753:
721:
707:
686:
672:
623:
616:
535:
408:
72:
32:
288:
201:
975:
949:
882:
746:
714:
679:
665:
637:
563:
542:
241:
193:
101:
36:
811:
556:
80:
942:
889:
476:
389:
222:"'Wildly weird' RNA bits discovered infesting the microbes in our guts"
367:
549:
528:
430:
922:
867:
454:
438:
403:
277:"'It's insane': New viruslike entities found in human gut microbes"
115:
say that Oblin-1 can bind metal ions and thus could be involved in
28:
954:
872:
853:
413:
398:
166:
900:
843:
828:
778:
508:
24:
877:
504:
448:
443:
816:
420:
368:
31:, whose authors say that "Obelisks form their own distinct
27:-like element" of a type first described in a January 2024
316:"Tormentor: An obelisk prediction and annotation pipeline"
123:, and might therefore bind to enzymes of its host cell.
75:
119:. Oblin-2 features a binding site which is typical of
155:
153:
151:
149:
147:
145:
967:
142:
353:
63:
162:"Viroid-like colonists of human microbiomes"
95:
16:Phylogenetic group described in January 2024
916:Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene
313:
360:
346:
183:
67:
897:Retroelements not elsewhere classified
314:Kremer, Frederico; de Barros, Daniele.
274:
215:
213:
211:
968:
275:Pennisi, Elizabeth (26 January 2024).
268:
341:
219:
295:from the original on 30 January 2024
256:from the original on 30 January 2024
208:
849:Integrative and conjugative element
13:
14:
997:
906:Diversity-generating retroelement
911:Telomerase reverse transcriptase
483:Microbes with highly unusual DNA
220:Sidik, Saima (29 January 2024).
39:, discovered by computer-aided
834:Defective interfering particle
307:
1:
822:Clonally transmissible cancer
135:
100:Features of obelisks include
79:Obelisks have been found in
7:
375:, and comparable structures
10:
1002:
234:10.1038/d41586-024-00266-7
83:, and inside specimens of
64:Distribution and pathology
797:
771:
738:
594:
580:
573:
520:
503:
496:
464:
429:
387:
380:
176:10.1101/2024.01.20.576352
96:Genetics and biochemistry
839:Endogenous viral element
289:10.1126/science.znxt3dk
126:
86:Streptococcus sanguinis
60:, or "enigmatic taxa".
113:structural predictions
76:
71:
938:Transposable element
928:Spiegelman's Monster
117:cellular signalling
81:human stool samples
41:metatranscriptomics
807:Bio-like structure
729:Tolecusatellitidae
77:
33:phylogenetic group
963:
962:
793:
792:
767:
766:
763:
762:
701:Portogloboviridae
603:Alphasatellitidae
497:Non-cellular life
492:
491:
373:non-cellular life
121:protein complexes
993:
578:
577:
518:
517:
501:
500:
385:
384:
362:
355:
348:
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305:
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217:
206:
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1001:
1000:
996:
995:
994:
992:
991:
990:
986:Subviral agents
966:
965:
964:
959:
799:
789:
759:
734:
645:Finnlakeviridae
590:
569:
511:
507:
488:
460:
425:
376:
366:
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308:
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158:
143:
138:
129:
98:
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
999:
989:
988:
983:
981:Incertae sedis
978:
961:
960:
958:
957:
952:
947:
946:
945:
935:
930:
925:
920:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
895:
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865:
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836:
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826:
825:
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819:
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769:
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757:
750:
742:
740:
736:
735:
733:
732:
725:
718:
711:
704:
697:
694:Polydnaviridae
690:
683:
676:
669:
662:
659:Globuloviridae
655:
652:Fuselloviridae
648:
641:
634:
631:Bicaudaviridae
627:
620:
613:
610:Ampullaviridae
606:
598:
596:
592:
591:
587:Naldaviricetes
584:
582:
575:
571:
570:
568:
567:
560:
553:
546:
539:
532:
524:
522:
515:
498:
494:
493:
490:
489:
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486:
480:
472:
470:
467:Incertae sedis
462:
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458:
451:
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441:
435:
433:
427:
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382:
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365:
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357:
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342:
334:
333:
306:
267:
207:
140:
139:
137:
134:
128:
125:
97:
94:
65:
62:
57:incertae sedis
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
998:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
956:
953:
951:
948:
944:
941:
940:
939:
936:
934:
933:Tandem repeat
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
894:
891:
888:
884:
881:
880:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
863:
862:
861:Nanobacterium
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
796:
786:
783:
780:
777:
776:
774:
770:
756:
755:
754:Rhizidiovirus
751:
749:
748:
744:
743:
741:
737:
731:
730:
726:
724:
723:
722:Thaspiviridae
719:
717:
716:
712:
710:
709:
708:Pospiviroidae
705:
703:
702:
698:
696:
695:
691:
689:
688:
687:Plasmaviridae
684:
682:
681:
677:
675:
674:
673:Halspiviridae
670:
668:
667:
663:
661:
660:
656:
654:
653:
649:
647:
646:
642:
640:
639:
635:
633:
632:
628:
626:
625:
624:Avsunviroidae
621:
619:
618:
617:Anelloviridae
614:
612:
611:
607:
605:
604:
600:
599:
597:
593:
589:
588:
583:
579:
576:
572:
566:
565:
561:
559:
558:
554:
552:
551:
547:
545:
544:
540:
538:
537:
536:Duplodnaviria
533:
531:
530:
526:
525:
523:
519:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
495:
484:
481:
479:
478:
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471:
469:
468:
463:
456:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
434:
432:
428:
422:
419:
415:
412:
410:
409:Mitochondrion
407:
406:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
394:
391:
386:
383:
381:Cellular life
379:
374:
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363:
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356:
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344:
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321:
317:
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294:
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271:
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133:
124:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
93:
90:
88:
87:
82:
74:
73:Gram Staining
70:
61:
59:
58:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:RNA sequences
34:
30:
26:
22:
950:Transpoviron
883:Fungal prion
859:
784:
752:
747:Dinodnavirus
745:
727:
720:
715:Spiraviridae
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
680:Ovaliviridae
678:
671:
666:Guttaviridae
664:
657:
650:
643:
638:Clavaviridae
636:
629:
622:
615:
608:
601:
585:
564:Varidnaviria
562:
555:
548:
543:Monodnaviria
541:
534:
527:
475:
465:
324:. Retrieved
319:
309:
297:. Retrieved
280:
270:
258:. Retrieved
225:
165:
130:
110:
105:
102:circular RNA
99:
91:
84:
78:
55:
53:
35:", as their
20:
18:
893:microsphere
812:Cancer cell
557:Ribozyviria
320:BioRxiv.org
970:Categories
943:Retroposon
890:Proteinoid
800:structures
798:Comparable
574:Unassigned
477:Parakaryon
390:Prokaryota
299:31 January
260:31 January
202:Q124389714
136:References
45:homologous
43:, are not
550:Riboviria
529:Adnaviria
513:Satellite
431:Eukaryota
322:. BioRxiv
250:267332809
923:Ribozyme
868:Phagemid
595:Families
455:Protista
439:Animalia
404:Bacteria
293:Archived
254:Archived
242:38291328
198:Wikidata
194:38293115
185:10827157
29:preprint
955:Xenobot
873:Plasmid
854:Jeewanu
785:Obelisk
581:Classes
449:Plantae
414:Plastid
399:Archaea
281:Science
167:bioRxiv
51:data.
21:obelisk
901:Retron
844:Fosmid
829:Cosmid
779:Nanobe
739:Genera
521:Realms
509:Viroid
326:3 June
248:
240:
226:Nature
200:
192:
182:
111:First
106:oblins
25:viroid
23:is a "
878:Prion
772:Other
505:Virus
444:Fungi
246:S2CID
817:HeLa
421:LUCA
369:Life
328:2024
301:2024
262:2024
238:PMID
190:PMID
127:Name
976:RNA
781:(?)
485:(?)
285:doi
230:doi
180:PMC
172:doi
49:NGS
19:An
972::
371:,
318:.
291:.
283:.
279:.
252:.
244:.
236:.
228:.
224:.
210:^
196:.
188:.
178:.
170:.
164:.
144:^
864:"
858:"
457:'
453:'
392:"
388:"
361:e
354:t
347:v
330:.
303:.
287::
264:.
232::
204:.
174::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
