Knowledge

On-base plus slugging

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This is because though a batter makes a trip to the plate he is not given an "AB" when he walks (BB or HBP) or when he hits the ball into play and is called out, but the action allows a run to score (SF). As a result, the 4 counts (AB + BB + SF +HBP) are needed to calculate a batter's total trips to
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A common misconception is that OPS+ closely matches the ratio of a player's OPS to that of their league. In fact, due to the additive nature of the two components in OPS+, a player with an OBP and SLG both 50% better than league average in those metrics will have an OPS+ of 200 (twice the league
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OPS+, adjusted OPS, is a closely related statistic. OPS+ is OPS adjusted for the park and the league in which the player played. An OPS+ of 100 is defined to be the league average. An OPS+ of 150 or more is excellent and 125 very good, while an OPS+ of 75 or below is poor.
1336:** - Ross Barnes may have been aided by a rule that made a bunt fair if it first rolled in fair territory. He did not play nearly so well when this rule was removed, although injuries may have been mostly to blame, as his fielding statistics similarly declined. 1357:. Additionally, the components of OPS are not typically equal (league-average slugging percentages are usually 75–100 points higher than league-average on-base percentages). As a point of reference, the OPS for all of Major League Baseball in 2019 was .758. 527: 1348:
Despite its simple calculation, OPS is a controversial measurement. OPS weighs on-base percentage and slugging percentage equally. However, on-base percentage correlates better with scoring runs. Statistics such as
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average OPS+) while still having an OPS that is only 50% better than the average OPS of the league. It would be a better (although not exact) approximation to say that a player with an OPS+ of 150 produces 50% more
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If Dunlap's and Barnes's seasons were to be eliminated from the list, two other Ruth seasons (1926 and 1927) would be on the list. This would also eliminate the only two right-handed batters in the list.
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The only purely right-handed batters to appear on this list are Browning, Hornsby, Foxx, Orr, Trout, McGwire, Allen, Mays, and Thomas. Mantle is the only switch-hitter in the group.
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used and evangelized the statistic, and other writers and broadcasters picked it up. The popularity of OPS gradually spread, and by 2004 it began appearing on
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then began carrying the leaders in this statistic in its weekly "By the Numbers" box, a feature that continued for four years. Baseball journalist
48:. The ability of a player both to get on base and to hit for power, two important offensive skills, are represented. An OPS of .800 or higher in 922: 1685: 590:
OPS gained popularity because of the availability of its components, OBP and SLG, and that team OPS correlates well with team runs scored.
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puts the player in the upper echelon of hitters. Typically, the league leader in OPS will score near, and sometimes above, the 1.000 mark.
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Through the end of the 2019 season, the career top twenty leaders in OPS+ (minimum 3,000 plate appearances) were:
583: 1878: 1868: 1504: 1477: 601:, in his essay titled "The 96 Families of Hitters" uses seven different categories for classification by OPS: 2151: 2081: 1597: 1671: 239: 2192: 546: 1710: 1044:
where *lgOBP is the park adjusted OBP of the league and *lgSLG is the park adjusted SLG of the league.
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This effectively transforms OPS into a seven-point ordinal scale. Substituting quality labels such as
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players in lifetime OPS, with at least 3,000 plate appearances as of June 8, 2024, were:
1965: 1920: 1812: 2161: 2141: 2106: 2018: 1845: 1563: 1536: 1509: 1482: 2166: 1762: 739: 49: 17: 2146: 2066: 1955: 1113: 224:- the numerator "H + BB + HBP" effectively means "number of trips to first base at least" 8: 2136: 2056: 2013: 1988: 1860: 1720: 1694: 120: 45: 37: 1980: 1970: 1905: 1715: 1702: 552: 116: 41: 2126: 2076: 1993: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1650: 1624: 1330: 2061: 2003: 1777: 1312: 1252: 764: 1888: 1883: 1873: 1850: 1817: 1787: 1643: 1418: 1374: 782: 1411: 522:{\displaystyle OPS={\frac {AB*(H+BB+HBP)+TB*(AB+BB+SF+HBP)}{AB*(AB+BB+SF+HBP)}}} 2091: 2041: 1893: 1835: 1792: 1750: 1725: 1354: 1163: 1095: 890: 800: 794: 577: 295: 2186: 2121: 2071: 2008: 1950: 1945: 1915: 1807: 1797: 1782: 1772: 1125: 1107: 1101: 814:
The top ten single-season performances in MLB are (all left-handed hitters):
557: 331: 304: 2116: 2111: 2033: 1827: 1757: 1638: 1443: 1382: 1298: 1288: 1179: 1141: 1071: 898: 788: 752: 313: 34: 724:(G) for the A–G categories creates a subjective reference for OPS values. 2131: 2023: 1840: 1767: 1318: 1308: 1248: 1238: 1228: 1218: 1195: 1171: 1157: 1133: 1077: 808: 776: 770: 541: 340: 1035:{\displaystyle OPS+=100*({\frac {OBP}{*lgOBP}}+{\frac {SLG}{*lgSLG}}-1)} 2171: 2086: 1960: 1898: 1187: 1089: 1083: 889:
The highest single-season mark for a right-handed hitter was 1.2449 by
758: 598: 537: 1663: 1333:, which some baseball experts consider not to be a true major league. 2046: 1925: 1910: 1278: 1268: 1258: 1065: 746: 2101: 1745: 1149: 1119: 1998: 322: 561: 2156: 1350: 1559:"Single-Season Leaders & Records for Adjusted OPS+" 536:
On-base plus slugging was first popularized in 1984 by
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has the highest career OPS for a right-handed batter.
925: 354: 242: 131: 68: 1364: 215:{\displaystyle OBP={\frac {H+BB+HBP}{AB+BB+SF+HBP}}} 1329:* - Fred Dunlap's historic 1884 season came in the 1642: 1034: 521: 277: 214: 105: 2184: 1618: 1532:"Career Leaders & Records for Adjusted OPS+" 734:List of Major League Baseball career OPS leaders 1679: 1598:"2019 Major League Baseball Standard Batting" 1214:The highest single-season performances were: 1586:Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game 346:In one equation, OPS can be represented as: 807:The top five were all left-handed batters. 1686: 1672: 575:was included in early versions of Thorn's 102: 1693: 1637: 587:game. This term has fallen out of use. 123:. These averages are defined below as: 14: 2185: 1478:"Career Leaders & Records for OPS" 908: 1667: 567:OPS was formerly sometimes known as 278:{\displaystyle SLG={\frac {TB}{AB}}} 40:calculated as the sum of a player's 24: 2097:Jaffe Wins Above Replacement Score 1055: 25: 2204: 1619:Thorn, John; Pete Palmer (1984). 2052:Batting average on balls in play 1367: 1353:build on this distinction using 1590: 1505:"Single-Season Records for OPS" 917:The basic equation for OPS+ is 593: 584:Strat-O-Matic Computer Baseball 1578: 1551: 1524: 1497: 1470: 1453: 1437: 1424: 1400: 1029: 947: 513: 474: 460: 421: 406: 379: 13: 1: 2152:Value over replacement player 2082:Fielding independent pitching 1612: 106:{\displaystyle OPS=OBP+SLG\,} 27:Hitting statistic in baseball 1432:The Hidden Game of Baseball, 1430:John Thorn and Pete Palmer, 1343: 7: 1623:. Doubleday & Company. 1621:The Hidden Game of Baseball 1360: 905:, which was 16th all-time. 547:The Hidden Game of Baseball 55: 31:On-base plus slugging (OPS) 10: 2209: 1461:The 96 Families of Hitters 1408:www.baseballprospectus.com 731: 727: 531: 2032: 1979: 1859: 1826: 1701: 581:encyclopedia, and in the 2157:Weighted on-base average 1465:The Bill James Gold Mine 1393: 1388:Gross production average 1202: 1194: 1186: 1178: 1170: 1156: 1148: 1140: 1132: 1966:Strikeout-to-walk ratio 1813:Walk-to-strikeout ratio 2162:Wins Above Replacement 2142:Out of zone plays made 2019:Defensive indifference 1846:Stolen base percentage 1649:. Thomas Dunne Books. 1602:Baseball-Reference.com 1584:Lewis, Michael (203). 1564:Baseball-Reference.com 1537:Baseball-Reference.com 1510:Baseball-Reference.com 1483:Baseball-Reference.com 1036: 881:Ted Williams, 1.2566 ( 860:Ted Williams, 1.2875 ( 523: 279: 216: 107: 60:The basic equation is 2167:Win probability added 1803:On-base plus slugging 1037: 867:Barry Bonds, 1.2778 ( 839:Barry Bonds, 1.3785 ( 825:Barry Bonds, 1.3807 ( 818:Barry Bonds, 1.4217 ( 740:Major League Baseball 732:Further information: 524: 280: 217: 108: 50:Major League Baseball 2147:Ultimate zone rating 2067:Defensive Runs Saved 923: 352: 240: 129: 66: 2057:Batting park factor 1989:Fielding percentage 1721:Slugging percentage 1695:Baseball statistics 909:Adjusted OPS (OPS+) 874:Babe Ruth, 1.2582 ( 853:Babe Ruth, 1.3089 ( 846:Babe Ruth, 1.3586 ( 832:Babe Ruth, 1.3791 ( 46:slugging percentage 2193:Batting statistics 2107:Power–speed number 1879:Pitchers of record 1716:On-base percentage 1417:2010-08-10 at the 1412:rec.sport.baseball 1032: 553:The New York Times 519: 275: 212: 117:on-base percentage 103: 42:on-base percentage 38:baseball statistic 2180: 2179: 2127:Secondary average 2077:Extrapolated Runs 1448:The Numbers Game, 1331:Union Association 1021: 983: 694: 693: 624:.9000 and higher 517: 273: 210: 16:(Redirected from 2200: 2014:Fielder's choice 1778:Game-winning RBI 1688: 1681: 1674: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1648: 1645:The Numbers Game 1634: 1606: 1605: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1555: 1549: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1528: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1474: 1468: 1457: 1451: 1441: 1435: 1428: 1422: 1404: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1041: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1022: 1020: 1000: 989: 984: 982: 962: 951: 765:Oscar Charleston 690:.5666 and lower 604: 603: 571:. For instance, 564:baseball cards. 528: 526: 525: 520: 518: 516: 463: 368: 284: 282: 281: 276: 274: 272: 264: 256: 221: 219: 218: 213: 211: 209: 171: 145: 121:slugging average 112: 110: 109: 104: 21: 2208: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2028: 1975: 1874:Innings pitched 1869:Win–loss record 1855: 1851:Caught stealing 1822: 1818:Walk percentage 1711:Batting average 1697: 1692: 1657: 1631: 1615: 1610: 1609: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1583: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1542: 1540: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1515: 1513: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1488: 1486: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1458: 1454: 1442: 1438: 1429: 1425: 1419:Wayback Machine 1405: 1401: 1396: 1375:Baseball portal 1373: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1346: 1209: 1058: 1056:Leaders in OPS+ 1001: 990: 988: 963: 952: 950: 924: 921: 920: 911: 783:Turkey Stearnes 736: 730: 679:.5667 to .6333 668:.6334 to .6999 657:.7000 to .7666 646:.7667 to .8333 635:.8334 to .8999 596: 534: 464: 369: 367: 353: 350: 349: 332:sacrifice flies 265: 257: 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1391: 1390: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1362: 1359: 1355:linear weights 1345: 1342: 1327: 1326: 1316: 1306: 1296: 1286: 1276: 1266: 1256: 1246: 1236: 1226: 1208: 1207: 1201: 1199: 1193: 1191: 1185: 1183: 1177: 1175: 1169: 1167: 1164:Hank Greenberg 1161: 1155: 1153: 1147: 1145: 1139: 1137: 1131: 1129: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1096:Rogers Hornsby 1093: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1069: 1062: 1057: 1054: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 999: 996: 993: 987: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 961: 958: 955: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 928: 910: 907: 891:Rogers Hornsby 887: 886: 879: 872: 865: 858: 851: 844: 837: 830: 823: 805: 804: 801:Rogers Hornsby 798: 795:Hank Greenberg 792: 786: 780: 774: 768: 762: 756: 750: 729: 726: 692: 691: 688: 685: 681: 680: 677: 674: 670: 669: 666: 663: 659: 658: 655: 652: 648: 647: 644: 641: 637: 636: 633: 630: 626: 625: 622: 619: 615: 614: 611: 610:Classification 608: 595: 592: 578:Total Baseball 533: 530: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 494: 491: 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2009:Total chances 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1951:Complete game 1949: 1947: 1946:Quality start 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1808:Times on base 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1798:Sacrifice fly 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1658: 1656:0-312-32222-4 1652: 1647: 1646: 1640: 1639:Schwarz, Alan 1636: 1632: 1630:0-385-18283-X 1626: 1622: 1617: 1616: 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297: 293: 290: 289: 288: 285: 269: 266: 261: 258: 252: 249: 246: 243: 235: 232: 228: 225: 222: 206: 203: 200: 197: 194: 191: 188: 185: 182: 179: 176: 173: 168: 165: 162: 159: 156: 153: 150: 147: 141: 138: 135: 132: 124: 122: 118: 115:where OBP is 113: 99: 96: 93: 90: 87: 84: 81: 78: 75: 72: 69: 61: 53: 51: 47: 43: 39: 36: 32: 19: 2117:Runs created 2112:Range factor 2034:Sabermetrics 1921:Perfect game 1828:Base running 1802: 1758:Hits per run 1644: 1620: 1601: 1592: 1585: 1580: 1568:. Retrieved 1562: 1553: 1541:. Retrieved 1535: 1526: 1514:. Retrieved 1508: 1499: 1487:. Retrieved 1481: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1447: 1444:Alan Schwarz 1439: 1431: 1426: 1402: 1383:Sabermetrics 1347: 1338: 1335: 1328: 1299:Ted Williams 1289:Ted Williams 1213: 1210: 1204:Frank Thomas 1180:Tris Speaker 1142:Mark McGwire 1072:Ted Williams 1059: 1049: 1046: 1043: 919: 916: 912: 899:Mark McGwire 888: 813: 806: 789:Mule Suttles 753:Ted Williams 738:The top ten 737: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 695: 597: 594:An OPS scale 589: 582: 576: 572: 568: 566: 551: 545: 535: 348: 345: 336: 327: 318: 314:hit by pitch 309: 300: 291: 286: 236: 233: 229: 226: 223: 125: 114: 62: 59: 30: 29: 2132:Speed Score 2024:Passed ball 1841:Stolen base 1768:Total bases 1319:Barry Bonds 1309:Ross Barnes 1249:Fred Dunlap 1239:Barry Bonds 1229:Barry Bonds 1219:Barry Bonds 1196:Willie Mays 1172:Johnny Mize 1158:Stan Musial 1134:Jimmie Foxx 1114:Joe Jackson 1078:Barry Bonds 809:Jimmie Foxx 777:Jimmie Foxx 771:Barry Bonds 542:Pete Palmer 341:total bases 231:the plate. 119:and SLG is 35:sabermetric 2172:Win Shares 2087:Game score 1961:Wild pitch 1763:Grand slam 1613:References 1434:pp. 69-70. 1188:Dick Allen 1090:Mike Trout 1084:Lou Gehrig 759:Lou Gehrig 613:OPS range 599:Bill James 573:production 569:production 538:John Thorn 2047:Base runs 1926:No-hitter 1911:Strikeout 1344:Criticism 1279:Babe Ruth 1269:Babe Ruth 1259:Babe Ruth 1066:Babe Ruth 1024:− 1003:∗ 965:∗ 945:∗ 747:Babe Ruth 722:very poor 702:very good 698:excellent 687:Very poor 632:Very good 544:'s book, 472:∗ 419:∗ 377:∗ 2187:Category 2102:Pop time 1981:Fielding 1861:Pitching 1746:Home run 1641:(2004). 1570:July 26, 1543:July 26, 1516:July 26, 1489:July 26, 1415:Archived 1361:See also 1150:Dave Orr 803:, 1.0103 797:, 1.0169 791:, 1.0276 785:, 1.0340 779:, 1.0376 773:, 1.0512 767:, 1.0632 761:, 1.0798 755:, 1.1155 749:, 1.1636 720:(F) and 607:Category 312:= times 56:Equation 1956:Shutout 1703:Batting 1321:, 231 ( 1311:, 231 ( 1301:, 233 ( 1291:, 235 ( 1281:, 239 ( 1271:, 239 ( 1261:, 256 ( 1251:, 258 ( 1241:, 259 ( 1231:, 263 ( 1221:, 268 ( 1120:Ty Cobb 728:Leaders 710:average 654:Average 532:History 323:at bats 287:where: 1999:Putout 1994:Assist 1971:Maddux 1899:Earned 1741:Triple 1736:Double 1731:Single 1653:  1627:  2004:Error 1394:Notes 1198:, 156 1190:, 156 1182:, 157 1174:, 158 1166:, 158 1160:, 159 1152:, 162 1144:, 163 1136:, 163 1128:, 163 1122:, 168 1116:, 170 1110:, 171 1104:, 172 1098:, 175 1092:, 176 1086:, 179 1080:, 182 1074:, 190 1068:, 206 716:(E), 712:(D), 708:(C), 704:(B), 700:(A), 621:Great 562:Topps 33:is a 2137:NERD 1936:BB/9 1931:WHIP 1916:Walk 1889:Hold 1884:Save 1788:Bunt 1783:Walk 1651:ISBN 1625:ISBN 1572:2019 1545:2019 1518:2019 1491:2019 1406:See 1351:wOBA 1323:2003 1315:) ** 1313:1876 1303:1957 1293:1941 1283:1923 1273:1921 1263:1920 1253:1884 1243:2001 1233:2004 1223:2002 1050:runs 903:1998 895:1925 883:1957 876:1927 869:2003 862:1941 855:1923 848:1921 841:2001 834:1920 827:2002 820:2004 718:poor 714:fair 706:good 676:Poor 540:and 296:hits 234:and 44:and 18:OPS+ 1941:K/9 1906:ERA 1894:Run 1836:Run 1773:RBI 1726:Hit 1410:or 1255:) * 1206:156 942:100 901:in 893:in 310:HBP 2189:: 1600:. 1561:. 1534:. 1507:. 1480:. 1463:. 1446:, 550:. 339:= 337:TB 330:= 328:SF 321:= 319:AB 303:= 301:BB 294:= 1687:e 1680:t 1673:v 1659:. 1633:. 1604:. 1574:. 1547:. 1520:. 1493:. 1421:. 1325:) 1305:) 1295:) 1285:) 1275:) 1265:) 1245:) 1235:) 1225:) 1030:) 1027:1 1018:G 1015:L 1012:S 1009:g 1006:l 998:G 995:L 992:S 986:+ 980:P 977:B 974:O 971:g 968:l 960:P 957:B 954:O 948:( 939:= 936:+ 933:S 930:P 927:O 885:) 878:) 871:) 864:) 857:) 850:) 843:) 836:) 829:) 822:) 684:G 673:F 662:E 651:D 640:C 629:B 618:A 514:) 511:P 508:B 505:H 502:+ 499:F 496:S 493:+ 490:B 487:B 484:+ 481:B 478:A 475:( 469:B 466:A 461:) 458:P 455:B 452:H 449:+ 446:F 443:S 440:+ 437:B 434:B 431:+ 428:B 425:A 422:( 416:B 413:T 410:+ 407:) 404:P 401:B 398:H 395:+ 392:B 389:B 386:+ 383:H 380:( 374:B 371:A 365:= 362:S 359:P 356:O 292:H 270:B 267:A 262:B 259:T 253:= 250:G 247:L 244:S 207:P 204:B 201:H 198:+ 195:F 192:S 189:+ 186:B 183:B 180:+ 177:B 174:A 169:P 166:B 163:H 160:+ 157:B 154:B 151:+ 148:H 142:= 139:P 136:B 133:O 100:G 97:L 94:S 91:+ 88:P 85:B 82:O 79:= 76:S 73:P 70:O 20:)

Index

OPS+
sabermetric
baseball statistic
on-base percentage
slugging percentage
Major League Baseball
on-base percentage
slugging average
hits
bases on balls
hit by pitch
at bats
sacrifice flies
total bases
John Thorn
Pete Palmer
The Hidden Game of Baseball
The New York Times
Peter Gammons
Topps
Total Baseball
Strat-O-Matic Computer Baseball
Bill James
List of Major League Baseball career OPS leaders
Major League Baseball
Babe Ruth
Ted Williams
Lou Gehrig
Oscar Charleston
Barry Bonds

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