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Minnesota Iron
Company for 8.5 million dollars. He opened Chandler Mine, Pioneer Mine, Zenith Mine, Savoy Mine and Sibley Mine between 1889 and 1899. In 1896 the iron traveling through Two Harbors exceeded 2,000,000 tons. Two Harbors steadily built more docks and replaced the wooden docks with concrete over the course of the next several decades.
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was built, which helped make the North Shore accessible by land. At the same time commercial fishermen began to go out of business as catches declined. Many of these fishermen built cabins and resorts, which were inhabited by more rich people on recreational trips. Certain exclusive clubs also bought
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Speculators bought up land at Agate Bay; the rail line was not completed until 1887, so all travel to Agate Bay was originally by steamboat. Between 1884 and 1885 two large wooden loading docks were built in the harbor for shipping iron. In 1887, when the railroad was completed, the
Minnesota Iron
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Northern
Minnesota is essentially covered with one large forest. Although the potential for a lumber industry was recognized early in the course of European settlement, the distances that it would have to be shipped made it uneconomical. But as eastern forests were logged out, the lumber industry
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was founded and became a major iron ore port and a source of labor for the inland iron mines on the North Shore. Besides mining, fishing became the other major industry of North Shore communities. In 1885, 195 commercial fishermen lived in Duluth. Duluth fish catches increased to a peak of 10,000
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This growth attracted the interest of Henry H. Porter, a
Chicago railroad owner. He bought 25,000 acres (100 km) of land further up the North Shore than Tower’s holdings around Two Harbors and Tower, an inland mining settlement named after its founder. Porter coerced Tower into selling the
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When
American settlers moved westward, the governments of the United States and Britain began to dispute the border between the territory that would become Minnesota and the territory which would become Ontario in future years. Many geologic surveys were taken because of these disputes, which
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along
Minnesota's North Shore, the term North Shore refers to both the shore of the lake and all the rivers which run into the lake. Thus there are numerous "North Shore state parks," most of which are not actually on the lakeshore, and several of which are not even particularly close to it.
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is exposed in patches miles from shore. When the bedrock hits the surface of the lake at a shallow enough angle, the beach is covered with washed up rocks. When it hits the lake at a steep angle, it breaks off and makes sharp cliffs ending at the lake.
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was built, people could move across the country in days instead of months. In 1869 Duluth grew from 14 families in
January to a population of 3,500 in July. Construction on the Duluth Harbor was begun to allow steamboat shipping between Duluth,
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system first allowed steamboats onto the lake, eastern tourists began to travel onto Lake
Superior for recreational purposes. They would then canoe or be ferried from Duluth up the North Shore and would stay in hunting and fishing camps.
281:. With new headquarters on the North Shore, the North West Company began to build 40 new forts and ports all along the North Shore and northern Minnesota. In 1821 the North West Company was forced to merge with the Hudson's Bay Company.
220:, Sieur du Lhut, helped negotiate a more permanent peace between these tribes, thus providing safe trade across Lake Superior for the French. With this, the foundations for European settlement on the North Shore were laid.
309:, Buchanan, Burlington Bay, French River, Stewart River and Silver Creek. Ninety-nine fishermen had settled in northern Minnesota by 1857, when an economic panic caused most of the claims to be abandoned. In 1865 the
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Because of this white settlers moved into the region in order to mine the natural resources, thus beginning
American settlements on the Minnesotan portion of the North Shore. Land claims were made near modern Duluth,
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material, much of which covers the rocky beaches on the North Shore. The
Wisconsin side of the basin and the bottom of the basin filled with the residue from the eroded sandstone and thus are sandy beaches today.
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Iron production continued steadily for many more decades; by the 1950s traditional iron mines had exhausted most of their resources. It had been known for many years that northern Minnesota had an ore called
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in the east. The shore is characterized by alternating rocky cliffs and cobblestone beaches, with forested hills and ridges through which scenic rivers and waterfalls descend as they flow to Lake Superior.
198:, became the first whites to circumnavigate Lake Superior by sailing south along the North Shore. When they returned, they brought a flotilla of Native Americans with fur pelts, beginning interest in the
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to southern and eastern mills. Because of conservation efforts, many of the forests along the North Shore are now protected from deforestation, but there is still a strong paper industry that relies on
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By the 18th century the Ojibwa had settled the length of the North Shore approximately as far as the modern Canadian–Minnesota Border. The Minnesota portion of the North Shore was settled mostly by the
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tribes was formed and defeated the Dakota in a battle west of Sault Sainte Marie in 1662. This warfare between the tribes along Lake Superior prevented European trade in the area for several years.
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missionaries, were the next significant explorers, who tried to establish a more permanent missionary post further west but only got as far as Sault Ste. Marie. In 1658 two French explorers,
946:. The river splits into two streams right before the waterfall, and one continues down the river while the other disappears into a hole in the rock face of the waterfall called the Kettle.
898:, the highest cliff in Minnesota, is accessible outside the main entrance to the state park, although a slightly smaller area of lake cliffs, Shovel Point, is within the main park.
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forces were not strong enough to continue to separate the two sides of the continental rift; when the rifting stopped, the lava cooled and the heavy crust sank and was filled with
708:. The shoreline at its maximum reached over 500 feet (150 m) above its current height, and at its minimum fell to 250 feet (75 m) below its current level. When the levels of
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was built to attract an exclusive clientele, and a group of Duluth businessmen, the Tettegouche Club, bought 9,346 acres (37.8 km) of land for use as a private retreat.
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under protection. The government of Minnesota slowly began to acquire the lands which became the modern North Shore state parks. The first park to be formally organized was
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Today the North Shore Scenic Drive remains a popular tourist route, starting at the historic Glensheen Mansion, passing several state parks, all the way to Grand Portage.
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Company owned 95.7 miles (154.0 km) of track, 26,800 acres (108 km) of property, 13 locomotives, 340 cars, the loading docks at Two Harbors and five pit mines.
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fell 2,000 years ago, it created rapids at Sault Sainte Marie, which restricted the release of water from Lake Superior and brought the shoreline to its present level.
512:.) Although the scare of 1873 had depressed the price of iron to $ 5.50 per ton, by the 1880s it was back to about $ 9.25 per ton. Tower started acquiring land in the
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began to recede. By 500 BC the Laurel people had established settlements in the area and had begun to trade metal with other native peoples. The Laurel people were
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is home to a reconstruction of a historic fur trading post as well as traditional Ojibwa culture. There is no vehicle-accessible camping in the national monument.
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was founded by Henry Mayhew and Sam Howenstine in 1871. Another panic in 1873 put an end to this growth, and Duluth shrank to a population of 1,300.
696:, was removed by the glaciers. This formed the rough, rugged shoreline on the North Shore today. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind eroded
548:, and it quickly became the major taconite shipping port. Minnesota taconite produces over half of the iron mined in Minnesota at the present date.
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which separates Minnesota and Ontario. Unlike every other state park on Minnesota's North Shore, there are no camping accommodations in this park.
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A war between Britain and France, followed by a sharp drop in fur prices, slowed exploration for several decades. In 1732 the French-Canadian
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established several camps organized along the North Shore and built rustic structures in what would become several North Shore state parks.
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During the early 20th century, the government decided that continued exploitation of the North Shore would destroy it. In 1909 President
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which ran 1,300 miles (2,000 km) northwest from southern Michigan, through what is now Lake Superior, and south-southwest into
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130:. On the Minnesota portion of the North Shore there are only three archaeological sites, and it is not known who dug them.
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tons of fish caught in 1915. It has since declined. Current annual fish catches have fallen to under 1,000 tons per year.
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369:. This engine is preserved in Two Harbors next to the Lake County Historical Society building (the old train depot).
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Prairie River Mouth Provincial Park is a nature reserve park which is totally undeveloped except for one footpath.
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Gravel River Provincial Park is a small undeveloped nature reserve on the Gravel River running into Lake Superior.
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present on rock faces along the North Shore and other Canadian rock faces in order to communicate with spirits.
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In the 1880s, growth began again in Minnesota, and significant growth began for the first time in Canada. The
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migrated into the area. These people left behind small pits dug in the ground which archaeologists now call
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The modern shoreline is composed of basalt lava flows. In the south, near Duluth, other materials, such as
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is a recreation park on a rare sandy beach (most North Shore beaches are stone) with day use facilities.
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With the eventual depletion of fur-bearing animals, the fur trade and associated settlement diminished.
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The melting water from the retreat of the glaciers ran into the basin and began to fill, forming the
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71:
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Conflicts between native tribes began to escalate toward war during this period when an alliance of
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has campgrounds fairly close to Lake Superior, but its main attractions are the five falls on the
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in 1623 or 1624. His exploration allowed Champlain to create the first map of the lake in 1632.
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Workers of the Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Minnesota,
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Workers of the Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Minnesota,
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is the northernmost place along Minnesota's North Shore where people can camp. It contains the
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has camping very close to the shore of Superior. The main attractions are the falls on the
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Red Sucker Point Provincial Park is a small nature reserve on the shore of Lake Superior.
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In the 12th century, on the easternmost portion of the North Shore, the ancestors of the
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on the North Shore of Lake Superior in a Minnesota state park nine miles southwest of
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Montreal River Provincial Park is a nature reserve which is only accessible by boat.
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and Minnesota.. Lumber and forest products were shipped by rail from Duluth and
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and sandstone, are found a short distance inland; but in the north, the entire
544:. A taconite processing plant was built further north along the North Shore at
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was opened in 1881 and brought a wave of settlers from the west. In Minnesota,
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and the Gitchi Gummi Trail, which overlooks the north face of the river gorge.
516:, where ore had an iron content of 69%. Tower also acquired the rights to the
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looking northeast to Shovel Point; both were formed from lava flows from the
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1204:. Illus. Dan Breedy. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
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is the largest national park in Ontario. It has limited camping facilities.
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Pigeon River Provincial Park lies on the Canadian side of the Pigeon River.
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is on a remote peninsula jutting into Lake Superior which offers camping.
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333:. The town of Beaver Bay was founded in 1869 as a fishing community, and
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flowed out from 30–60 miles (50–100 km) under the crust and formed
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was founded, which began the fur trade nonetheless. In the late 1670s,
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with full, modern camping facilities and many different inland trails.
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A History of Lake Superior from the First Human Habitation to 2000:
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Shesheeb Bay Provincial Park is a small nature reserve park on the
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269:, the British took possession of all French holdings east of the
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is by far the largest provincial park on the lakeshore. It is a
524:(Two Harbors), 25 miles (40 km) northeast along the shore.
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surrendered all Ojibwa lands to the United States government.
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revealed the rich mineral resources in this area. In 1854 the
224:, around modern Thunder Bay, was established in 1683. In 1688
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and is famous for the high cliffs overlooking Lake Superior.
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540:, which could be refined into iron through a process called
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The majority of Ontario Provincial Parks are undeveloped
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is well known for the seven cascading waterfalls on the
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is a 10,000 km² conservation area created in 2007.
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American settlement began in earnest in 1869. When the
904:
is the only state park on Lake Superior to offer only
313:
brought a new wave of settlement to the North Shore.
825:
58:, United States, at the western end of the lake, to
1317:An Introduction to the Geology of the North Shore
1200:Ojakangas, Richard W.; Charles L. Matsch (1982).
16:Geographic region in the United States and Canada
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1007:
880:. Since the lighthouse is separately run by the
1035:Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area
1030:with no formal campgrounds or visitor centers.
1225:Michigan State University Dept. of Geography,
1169:
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649:The North Shore lies on the north side of the
164:explorer to reach Lake Superior was Frenchman
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1105:with camping facilities. The location of the
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407:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2491:
2477:
1345:
1331:
1250:Official Minnesota State travel website:
884:, there is a separate fee for admittance.
471:Learn how and when to remove this message
273:, including the North Shore. In 1784 the
2899:Geography of St. Louis County, Minnesota
1011:
969:
829:
628:
591:land for resort and sport purposes. The
356:
318:Lake Superior & Mississippi Railroad
253:
149:
87:
33:
18:
493:, who owned extensive interests in the
228:became the first European to visit the
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1267:History of Minnesota's Lake Superior:
265:In 1763 according to the terms of the
230:present-day Boundary Waters Canoe Area
2472:
1326:
797:North Shore Commercial Fishing Museum
251:in order to gain access to the west.
1190:p.30. Albert Whitman, Chicago, 1941.
1177:p.29. Albert Whitman, Chicago, 1941.
952:, which is near but not the same as
912:at some distance from the lakeshore.
692:, which erode much more easily than
405:adding citations to reliable sources
372:
365:locomotives that hauled iron ore to
2894:Geography of Lake County, Minnesota
2874:Geography of Cook County, Minnesota
908:campsites, all of which are on the
902:George H. Crosby Manitou State Park
688:, a large amount of the basalt and
83:
13:
551:
14:
2910:
2884:Geography of Thunder Bay District
1244:
956:, includes the High Falls on the
826:State parks and national monument
115:and probably created many of the
2787:
2541:
2452:
1188:The Minnesota Arrowhead Country.
1175:The Minnesota Arrowhead Country.
974:High Falls of the Pigeon River,
874:Split Rock Lighthouse State Park
759:and the North Shore Scenic Drive
420:"North Shore" Lake Superior
377:
352:
964:Grand Portage National Monument
954:Grand Portage National Monument
1282:The Mysterious Pukaskwa Pits:
1218:
1193:
1115:Batchawana Bay Provincial Park
1044:Sleeping Giant Provincial Park
739:
232:region west of Lake Superior.
93:Ojibwe Wigwam at Grand Portage
1:
1762:Twin Cities metropolitan area
1157:
1086:Lake Superior Provincial Park
1068:Rainbow Falls Provincial Park
1021:Lake Superior Provincial Park
1008:Provincial and national parks
936:Judge C. R. Magney State Park
518:Duluth Iron & Railway Co.
202:in the Lake Superior region.
103:Lake Superior was settled by
2889:Geography of Algoma District
2526:Ontario Legislative Building
882:Minnesota Historical Society
876:is popular for its historic
744:
145:
38:Winter along the North Shore
7:
2498:
1227:The Mid-Continent Rift Zone
1127:
1111:shipwreck is near the park.
1099:Pancake Bay Provincial Park
916:Temperance River State Park
864:Gooseberry Falls State Park
616:Civilian Conservation Corps
361:A tourist views one of the
70:, Canada, in the north, to
10:
2915:
1297:Superior National Forest:
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624:
614:in 1915. In the 1930s the
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1413:Colleges and universities
1373:
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1153:region, Minnesota-Ontario
1141:Isle Royale National Park
1002:Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
501:had been deposited about
495:Northern Pacific Railroad
288:Early American settlement
72:Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
2521:Departments and agencies
1237:Retrieved 5 January 2007
1090:natural environment park
1048:natural environment park
976:Grand Portage State Park
950:Grand Portage State Park
926:Cascade River State Park
890:lies at the base of the
835:Cascade River State Park
773:Superior National Forest
651:Midcontinent Rift System
604:Superior National Forest
342:Canadian Pacific Railway
311:Vermilion Lake Gold Rush
2678:Rent control in Ontario
2663:Ontario based companies
2640:Franco-Ontarian culture
1418:Congressional districts
1313:North Shore Bucket List
1256:Minnesota State Parks:
196:MĂ©dard des Groseilliers
107:about 8000 BC when the
2741:Pays d'en Haut, Quebec
2736:Pays d'en Haut, Canada
2673:Toronto Stock Exchange
1722:Minnesota River Valley
1292:The Naniboujou Lodge:
1121:Pukaskwa National Park
1023:
978:
888:Tettegouche State Park
837:
646:
499:banded iron formations
370:
262:
192:Pierre-Esprit Radisson
157:
155:Pierre-Esprit Radisson
100:
39:
31:
1707:Dissected Till Plains
1054:which offers camping.
1015:
973:
878:Split Rock Lighthouse
833:
778:Superior Hiking Trail
639:Silver Bay, Minnesota
632:
593:Naniboujou Club Lodge
360:
257:
247:near the head of the
153:
91:
37:
24:Split Rock Lighthouse
22:
2879:Regions of Minnesota
2459:Minnesota portal
1455:Historical Landmarks
1077:Neys Provincial Park
854:Jay Cooke State Park
612:Jay Cooke State Park
401:improve this section
214:Hudson's Bay Company
168:who was sent out by
142:lived to the south.
2841: /
2645:Tourist attractions
1872:Inver Grove Heights
1702:Coteau des Prairies
1549:Tourist attractions
1465:Indian reservations
1202:Minnesota's Geology
1059:Black Bay Peninsula
803:North Country Trail
731:made of basalt and
657:. As the granitic
588:North Shore highway
563:Superior, Wisconsin
170:Samuel de Champlain
2794:Ontario portal
2516:Premier of Ontario
1233:2006-09-05 at the
1024:
979:
838:
661:was torn apart by
647:
586:In the 1920s, the
371:
275:North West Company
263:
258:The Great Hall at
222:Fort Kaministiquia
172:to search for the
158:
109:Wisconsin Glaciers
101:
40:
32:
2845:47.650°N 90.667°W
2824:
2823:
2773:Political history
2466:
2465:
2200:Lake of the Woods
1497:Political parties
1108:Edmund Fitzgerald
942:waterfall on the
858:Saint Louis River
763:Glensheen Mansion
663:continental drift
643:Midcontinent Rift
506:million years ago
491:Charlemagne Tower
481:
480:
473:
455:
271:Mississippi River
180:Charles Raymbault
174:Northwest Passage
2906:
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2704:Public transport
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1774:pop. over 25,000
1747:Red River Valley
1507:School districts
1480:Local government
1347:
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1333:
1324:
1323:
1307:Superior Facts:
1238:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1197:
1191:
1184:
1178:
1171:
1137:of Lake Superior
1052:Sibley Peninsula
920:Temperance River
868:Gooseberry River
818:Lutsen Mountains
608:Canada–US border
507:
476:
469:
465:
462:
456:
454:
413:
381:
373:
226:Jacques de Noyon
218:Daniel Greysolon
105:Native Americans
84:Pre-colonization
2914:
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2909:
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2904:
2903:
2859:
2858:
2850:47.650; -90.667
2849:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2801:General Outline
2788:
2786:
2777:
2768:Natural history
2722:
2682:
2649:
2596:
2546:
2537:
2502:
2497:
2467:
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2451:
2444:
2440:Yellow Medicine
1996:
1807:Brooklyn Center
1773:
1766:
1732:Northwest Angle
1687:Boundary Waters
1668:
1565:
1554:Mall of America
1369:
1357:
1351:
1262:Ontario Parks:
1247:
1242:
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1235:Wayback Machine
1223:
1219:
1212:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1165:
1160:
1151:Boundary Waters
1130:
1103:recreation park
1070:offers camping.
1028:nature reserves
1010:
984:
828:
823:
747:
742:
627:
600:Teddy Roosevelt
578:In 1855 when a
576:
554:
552:Lumber industry
514:Vermilion Range
502:
477:
466:
460:
457:
414:
412:
398:
382:
355:
295:LaPointe Treaty
290:
267:Treaty of Paris
241:Fort St. Pierre
148:
97:Eastman Johnson
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17:
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2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1998:
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1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1962:St. Louis Park
1959:
1954:
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1772:Largest cities
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1712:Driftless Area
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1407:Climate change
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940:Devil's Kettle
933:
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840:To people who
827:
824:
822:
821:
815:
813:Gunflint Trail
810:
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790:
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684:During recent
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602:organized the
575:
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510:Animikie Group
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2190:Lac qui Parle
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1837:Cottage Grove
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1812:Brooklyn Park
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1692:Buffalo Ridge
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1302:Geology Map:
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1258:Minnesota DNR
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1211:0-8166-0953-5
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910:Manitou River
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795:(home of the
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710:Lake Michigan
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635:Palisade Head
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542:beneficiation
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464:
461:December 2017
453:
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436:
432:
429:
425:
422: –
421:
417:
416:Find sources:
410:
406:
402:
396:
395:
391:
386:This section
384:
380:
375:
374:
368:
364:
359:
353:Iron industry
350:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
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314:
312:
308:
304:
298:
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285:
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279:Grand Portage
276:
272:
268:
261:
260:Grand Portage
256:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:In 1670, the
210:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
175:
171:
167:
166:Étienne Brûlé
163:
156:
152:
143:
141:
137:
131:
129:
128:Pukaskwa Pits
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
98:
94:
90:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:Lake Superior
45:
36:
29:
25:
21:
2826:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2785:
2763:Bibliography
2746:Upper Canada
2589:
2560:Subdivisions
2530:
2450:
1852:Eden Prairie
1787:Apple Valley
1726:
1607:Homelessness
1592:Demographics
1512:High schools
1363:
1226:
1220:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1174:
1106:
1025:
997:Lake Nipigon
958:Pigeon River
839:
808:Grand Marais
718:
703:
683:
648:
620:
597:
585:
577:
555:
534:
530:
526:
485:Philadelphia
482:
467:
458:
448:
441:
434:
427:
415:
399:Please help
387:
339:
335:Grand Marais
315:
299:
291:
283:
264:
237:La VĂ©rendrye
234:
211:
204:
184:Isaac Jogues
178:
159:
132:
121:
102:
92:
43:
41:
2848: /
2815:WikiProject
2751:Canada West
2350:Saint Louis
2185:Koochiching
1897:Minneapolis
1887:Maple Grove
1832:Coon Rapids
1802:Bloomington
1737:North Woods
1727:North Shore
1534:State parks
1475:Legislature
1423:Delegations
1252:North Shore
1135:South Shore
1046:is a large
1017:Pictographs
988:Thunder Bay
944:Brule River
906:backpacking
846:state parks
820:ski resorts
768:Two Harbors
740:Attractions
706:Great Lakes
686:glaciations
557:moved into
367:Two Harbors
346:Two Harbors
303:Knife River
249:Rainy River
207:Anishinaabe
117:pictographs
95:painted by
60:Thunder Bay
44:North Shore
2863:Categories
2508:Government
2415:Washington
2290:Pennington
2285:Otter Tail
2245:Mille Lacs
2090:Cottonwood
2080:Clearwater
2040:Blue Earth
1967:Saint Paul
1927:Prior Lake
1902:Minnetonka
1822:Chanhassen
1817:Burnsville
1717:Iron Range
1644:Newspapers
1524:State fair
1365:Saint Paul
1158:References
856:is on the
783:Silver Bay
757:Highway 61
714:Lake Huron
633:Cliffs at
546:Silver Bay
431:newspapers
307:Beaver Bay
245:Rainy Lake
160:The first
50:runs from
28:Silver Bay
2610:Festivals
2580:Mountains
2552:Geography
2360:Sherburne
2300:Pipestone
2175:Kandiyohi
2115:Faribault
2095:Crow Wing
2035:Big Stone
1982:Shoreview
1957:St. Cloud
1952:Roseville
1947:Rosemount
1942:Rochester
1937:Richfield
1892:Maplewood
1877:Lakeville
1862:Elk River
1757:Southeast
1752:Siouxland
1742:Pipestone
1682:Arrowhead
1602:Education
1544:Territory
1485:Townships
1435:Geography
1368:(capital)
1355:Minnesota
1353:State of
788:Schroeder
745:Minnesota
725:greywacke
690:sandstone
559:Wisconsin
522:Agate Bay
488:financier
388:does not
200:fur trade
146:Fur trade
56:Minnesota
2808:Category
2758:Timeline
2718:highways
2709:Railways
2699:Airports
2694:Airlines
2635:Theatres
2630:Religion
2420:Watonwan
2395:Traverse
2330:Renville
2320:Red Lake
2265:Nicollet
2250:Morrison
2225:Marshall
2220:Mahnomen
2205:Le Sueur
2140:Hennepin
2125:Freeborn
2120:Fillmore
2065:Chippewa
2025:Beltrami
2002:Counties
1992:Woodbury
1977:Shakopee
1922:Plymouth
1917:Owatonna
1907:Moorhead
1654:Religion
1649:Politics
1617:Cannabis
1577:Abortion
1529:Statutes
1519:Scouting
1445:Governor
1287:Ojibwe:
1277:Laurel:
1231:Archived
1145:Michigan
1128:See also
679:sediment
675:Tectonic
568:pulpwood
538:taconite
483:In 1875
138:and the
113:animists
2836:90°40′W
2833:47°39′N
2728:History
2655:Economy
2620:Museums
2602:Culture
2591:more...
2570:Islands
2565:Regions
2532:more...
2500:Ontario
2400:Wabasha
2380:Stevens
2370:Stearns
2325:Redwood
2280:Olmsted
2210:Lincoln
2180:Kittson
2170:Kanabec
2165:Jackson
2150:Hubbard
2145:Houston
2130:Goodhue
2110:Douglas
2070:Chisago
2050:Carlton
1912:Oakdale
1882:Mankato
1867:Fridley
1782:Andover
1697:Central
1674:Regions
1664:Theater
1597:Economy
1582:Culture
1570:Society
1539:Symbols
1460:History
1440:Geology
1430:Ecology
1403:Climate
1388:Outline
1050:on the
992:Ontario
982:Ontario
844:in the
729:bedrock
698:igneous
694:granite
625:Geology
574:Tourism
508:in the
445:scholar
409:removed
394:sources
363:2-8-8-4
331:Chicago
327:Detroit
323:Buffalo
99:in 1857
79:History
68:Ontario
64:Nipigon
2668:Mining
2585:Rivers
2435:Wright
2430:Winona
2425:Wilkin
2410:Waseca
2405:Wadena
2375:Steele
2365:Sibley
2345:Roseau
2315:Ramsey
2275:Norman
2270:Nobles
2260:Murray
2240:Meeker
2235:McLeod
2230:Martin
2160:Itasca
2155:Isanti
2100:Dakota
2055:Carver
2030:Benton
2020:Becker
2010:Aitkin
1987:Winona
1972:Savage
1932:Ramsey
1842:Duluth
1827:Chaska
1797:Blaine
1792:Austin
1659:Sports
1502:Rivers
1492:People
1450:Hiking
1398:Cities
1375:Topics
1208:
752:Duluth
733:gabbro
671:basalt
655:Kansas
447:
440:
433:
426:
418:
329:, and
239:built
188:Jesuit
140:Dakota
124:Ojibwa
52:Duluth
2714:Roads
2625:Music
2575:Lakes
2385:Swift
2355:Scott
2255:Mower
2135:Grant
2105:Dodge
2045:Brown
2015:Anoka
1857:Edina
1847:Eagan
1639:Music
1587:Crime
1470:Lakes
1383:Index
1101:is a
793:Tofte
721:slate
659:crust
637:near
504:2,000
452:JSTOR
438:books
162:white
2716:and
2390:Todd
2340:Rock
2335:Rice
2310:Pope
2305:Polk
2295:Pine
2215:Lyon
2195:Lake
2085:Cook
2075:Clay
2060:Cass
1629:LGBT
1622:Guns
1206:ISBN
1149:the
1133:The
842:camp
712:and
667:lava
580:lock
424:news
392:any
390:cite
194:and
182:and
136:Cree
62:and
42:The
1612:Law
1019:at
403:by
243:on
46:of
2865::
1166:^
1143:,
990:,
723:,
681:.
673:.
665:,
570:.
325:,
305:,
186:,
66:,
54:,
2492:e
2485:t
2478:v
1409:)
1405:(
1346:e
1339:t
1332:v
1214:.
1061:.
932:.
922:.
799:)
645:.
474:)
468:(
463:)
459:(
449:·
442:·
435:·
428:·
411:.
397:.
30:.
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