North Cascades National Park

1283: 475:(Wenatchee) tribes lived partly or year-round in the eastern sections of the North Cascades. The Skagits and Nlaka'pamux often had disputes, and raided one another's camps in search of slaves or to exact retribution. Like the coastal-based Skagits, inland tribes also constructed long lodges which were occupied by numerous families, though the style of construction was slightly different as the lodges did not have partitions separating one family from another, and were frame constructed and covered with reed mats rather than from cedar planking. One Wenatchee tribal lodge was described by Thompson as being 240 ft (73 m) long. Inland tribes were more likely to travel on foot or horseback than by canoe since the inland regions were less densely forested. Inland tribes also had less bountiful fisheries and greater weather extremes due to being further away from the moderating influence of the Pacific Ocean. Inland tribes rarely erected totem poles or participated in potlatch ceremonies. By the beginning of the 20th century, inland tribes, like their coastal neighbors, had experienced population decline from their first contact with white explorers a hundred years earlier, mostly due to 605: 787:(also called the North Cascades Highway), the only road which traverses the park complex; the highway lies entirely within the Ross Lake NRA. Only two primitive roadways enter the actual national park. The North Cascades National Park Complex had an operating base budget of $ 7,700,000 for fiscal year 2010, augmented by another $ 3,700,000 of non-base funding (which can fluctuate significantly on an annual basis), and additional funding from revenue generated from concessionaire contracts and user fees. Much of the budget is for staffing, with 83 percent covering the cost of 81 permanent employees, not all of whom are employed year-round, and the nearly 250 seasonal and term employees who work primarily in the summer months. In 2017, the fiscal year budget was approximately 7.5 million dollars, and budgets have been stagnant overall for all National Park Service sites for many years. 1106:

with fish has been ongoing since the late 19th century. Fishing in these lakes, which, without fish stocking, do not have native fish, is part of the area's economy and tourism. In 2008 an Environmental Impact Statement was produced that examined whether these lakes should continue to be stocked, and if so, what the impact would be on native species such as salamanders and other aquatic life. The North Cascades National Park Service Complex Fish Stocking Act, signed in 2014, directs the NPS to allow stocking of non-reproducing fish in no more than 42 lakes, making it the only national park to continue to stock non-native fish in park lakes. The prior decision not to continue to stock the lakes with fish was part of a larger debate about what "natural" means in reference to national parks.

779:. The park consists of a northern and a southern district or unit. These are separated by Ross Lake National Recreation Area. The southeast boundary of the southern district abuts Lake Chelan National Recreation Area; the park and two recreation areas are managed as the North Cascades National Park Complex. Most of the park complex was designated as the Stephen Mather Wilderness, preventing further human-induced alterations to 93 percent of the park. The mandate of the National Park Service is to "preserve and protect natural and cultural resources". In keeping with this mandate, hunting is illegal in the park, as is mining, logging, oil and gas extraction, and removal of natural or cultural resources. 1330: 1603: 758: 812:, most automobile traffic travels on State Route 20, which passes through the Ross Lake National Recreation Area. The visitor center at Newhalem on the North Cascades Highway is open in the summer. Some of the best views of Mount Shuksan are from the Heather Meadows Visitor Center in Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest well outside of the park. All backcountry access requires a permit, and most are obtained at the Wilderness Information Center near Marblemount. Full accessibility for all is not available in the park, but the adjacent National Recreation Areas have a few trails, and all visitor centers, campgrounds and restrooms are fully accessible. 1155: 1752: 413: 532:

North Cascades, but he was less interested in exploration than discovering a route that would easily connect the fur trading posts of interior Washington with Puget Sound to the west. Ross was accompanied by three Indians, one of whom was a guide who led the party to a high pass in the North Cascades. Ross and the guide may have traveled as far west as the Skagit River, but failed to get to Puget Sound. Fur trading slowed considerably as demand for furs decreased in the 1840s, but a few residents continued to augment their income by trapping for furs in the area until 1968, when the park was established, rendering the activity illegal.

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and camping areas are protected to prevent overcrowding. Backcountry camping spots can be reserved in early spring only; walk-up permits can be obtained at the Wilderness Information Center near Marblemount. Since the vast majority of the park is designated wilderness, the goal is to ensure all hikers and backcountry travelers enjoy the opportunities for solitude. Group sizes are limited to parties of less than a dozen on what are known as trail and camping corridors, and in more remote areas off trails, groups larger than six are not permitted.

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2,000 ft (610 m) long, cross the highway and make snow removal during that period infeasible. Heavy snow and frequent avalanches are common, especially on the western slopes, from autumn to spring. The high elevation trails are generally open by mid-summer and the majority of tourism is between mid-June and late September. The east side of the park is generally warmer and drier, especially in the summer with highs reaching 90 °F (32 °C). Since the 1950s, there has been a five-degree Fahrenheit (2.77

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human-caused fires were created for many hundreds of years. Similar evidence is found in the Stehekin Valley, where both smaller low intensity fires and larger fires are suggested by the growth patterns and burn scars in tree ring evidence. The low-intensity fires that were likely human induced were only found in the easternmost regions of the park. In the subalpine regions such as the Thunder Creek area, the studies concluded fire occurs at frequencies ranging from 30 years to 400 years.

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time of Austin Post's inventory, their study concluded that some North Cascades glaciers had experienced a period of minor growth or equilibrium in the mid-20th century, after undergoing decades of retreat. The study concluded that annual glacial melt due to seasonal variations has a significant influence on river levels, accounting for about 30 percent of the late summer water flow, which directly impacted the supported ecosystems such as salmon fisheries.

9380: 409:, a mountain pass that connects the western lowlands to the interior regions of the park and the Stehekin River Valley. The microblades are part of an archaeological assemblage that includes five distinct cultural periods, indicating that people were traveling into the mountains nearly 10,000 years ago. As well as the archaeological excavation at Cascade Pass, there are another 260 prehistoric sites that have been identified in the park. 7158: 97: 69: 9400: 1287: 360:, and so the park has few structures, roads or other improvements. Visitors wishing to drive to a campground must do so in the adjacent national forests or national recreation areas. Camping inside the park requires hiking in by trail, horseback or boat, and camping is regulated by a permit system to ensure the wilderness is not over-exploited. Mountaineering is popular in the park and only unobtrusive 7103: 1267:, a period of several centuries in which the earth experienced a cooling phase, glacial ice volumes in the North Cascades have been reduced by 40 percent. This loss of glacial ice has contributed to decreased melt in the summer. In a paper published in 2016, it was reported that since 1959 the Skagit River watershed has seen a 25 percent reduction in the summertime streamflow. 7152: 7145: 7138: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7096: 7089: 7082: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6963: 6956: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6914: 6907: 6900: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6844: 6837: 6830: 6823: 6816: 6809: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6781: 6774: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6746: 6739: 6732: 6725: 1805:

annually. On the western slopes, snowfall depths range from 50 to 75 in (130 to 190 cm) in lower altitudes annually, increasing to 400 to 600 in (1,000 to 1,500 cm) at elevations between 4,000 to 5,500 ft (1,200 to 1,700 m) above sea level. Snow depths peak in early March and range from 10 to 25 ft (3.0 to 7.6 m) depending on altitude.

1291: 1764:(1,666 ha), mostly in Ross Lake National Recreation Area. North Cascades National Park Complex has three different zones with varying ratings for fire potential and severity. The park is managed as the Skagit Fire Management Unit (FMU) and has a low frequency of large natural fires that occur on average only every 50 to 400 years. 707:, as many who had visited the region believed it to have scenery "greater than Switzerland's". Further efforts took place in 1906, and again between 1916 and 1921, when artist Julian Itter and the Mazamas Alpine Club lobbied for a bill to designate "Mount Baker National Park". The proposals failed to gain approval from the 963:. A complex assemblage of various rock formations have repeatedly been eroded, reburied, subjected to fracturing and heat, creating a geological puzzle that is one of the most complicated and least understood geological records in North America. These forces are ongoing and the region continues to see uplift and faulting. 1595:

Government land management agency committee, to make efforts to restore self-sustaining populations of grizzlies in the North Cascades region, which included the national park and surrounding national forests. In 1997, the North Cascades region was added to the National Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan; by 2017, the

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to most of the park, equates to a natural "let it burn" policy overall, so long as people and historical property are not threatened and the fire was lightning-caused. As part of the management plan, the few historic structures in the FMU are prioritized for fire protection including backcountry shelters like

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North Cascades National Park has a condition type that shows "...natural (historical) range of variability of vegetation characteristics; fuel composition; fire frequency, severity and pattern; and other associated disturbances." This condition type, in keeping with the wilderness designation applied

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The park is a prime habitat for grizzly bear, but the species was extirpated from the region by 1860. Only two grizzly bear sightings occurred in the decade before 2015, and these were outside the park boundary in Canada. In 1991, a decision was reached by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee, a US

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The south unit of the park is dominated by Eldorado Peak (left center skyline). Cascade Pass, one of the most popular hiking destinations in the park, is the lowest point on the skyline between Boston Peak (just right of center, with large glacier) and broad Johannesburg Mountain (right). Hidden Lake

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argued that the region should be set aside as wilderness. Rival interests continued to argue over whether the lands should remain under the management of the Forest Service or the National Park Service, but by the 1960s the environmentalist argument advocating for a national park prevailed. President

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to argue for similar protections for other areas. Even before the North Cascade region was designated as a Forest Reserve in 1897, activists argued the region should be afforded the greater protection accorded from a National Park designation. Washingtonians submitted a petition in 1892 to establish

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for silver and other minerals. This second period of mining lasted from the 1890s to the 1940s, but was only marginally more lucrative. Miners were hampered by short working seasons, difficult terrain, low quantities of ore and a lack of financial investment. Miners built some of the first trails and

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Both Native American and white trappers conducted fur transactions at the trading post, which was staffed by representatives of the fur trading company. During one season, Ross traded 1,500 beaver pelts. In 1814, Ross became the first known white explorer to explore the valleys and high passes of the

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in 1846, explorers came to chart potential routes through the mountains for roads and railroads. Limited mining and logging occurred from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. The first significant human impact in the region occurred in the 1920s when several dams were built in the Skagit

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North Cascades National Park’s rugged terrain and limited access to drivable campgrounds make it particularly dangerous for inexperienced campers and hikers. The park has the highest death rate of any U.S. National Park, with 40.7% of fatalities resulting from falls. It is important to note that the

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and ozone from factories and automobile emissions as well as increased dust and fine particulates from sources such as farming and construction are dispersed into the atmosphere, reducing long-range visibility. Visibilities of up to 150 mi (240 km) have been reduced to less than 50 mi

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are one of the rarest and most elusive mammals in North America. They are seldom sighted in the park, both due to the limited numbers of the species and the habitats they prefer, which are snowy high-altitude regions far removed from human encroachment. Approximately nine wolverines were captured in

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directed the Departments of Agriculture and the Interior to fund a joint study into a possible national park in the North Cascades region, which was completed in January 1966 and submitted to Congress. The size of the national park was subject to debate locally and in Congress, as well as its effect

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Not all locals supported the idea of a national park, as they felt that such a designation would damage the economics of the region. The Forest Service was also not in favor of park designation, as they would have to relinquish control over the land to the Park Service, which was not uncommon, since

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of 1846, and the 49th parallel forms both the current international border as well as the northern limit of the current park. During the late 1850s, members of the US North West Boundary Commission explored the border region, attempting to identify which mountains, rivers and lakes belonged to which

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Unlike most US national parks, there are no places within North Cascades National Park where one can drive to a campground. There are many vehicular access camp grounds in Ross Lake National Recreation Area and in surrounding national forests. All overnight camping is considered backcountry camping

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of British Columbia. These pollutants deposit onto plants and glaciers and are then carried by rainfall or ice melt and dispersed into rivers and lakes. The industrialized regions around Puget Sound and the Fraser River Valley have had a more noticeable negative impact on water and air quality than

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Snow covers the ground more than six months out of the year, even at lower elevations, and State Route 20, the only highway through the park, is generally closed from late November until late April. Numerous avalanche chutes, as many as traverse any state or federal highway, and including some over

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With approximately 312 glaciers, North Cascades National Park has the most glaciers of any US park outside Alaska, and a third of all the glaciers in the lower 48 states. Counting a few glaciers in the adjoining National Recreation Areas, the North Cascades National Park Complex glaciers covered an

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Much harder and more durable than the younger volcanic rocks of the southern Cascades, the North Cascades are consequently more rugged, with steep terrain being the norm due to heavy erosion from water and ice. Continued rising in conjunction with erosion from water and ice has created deep valleys

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Unlike in many other regions of the Pacific Northwest, logging had little impact on the future park. The ruggedness of the terrain and the existence of more economically viable timber resources that were closer to transportation routes largely dissuaded the timber industry from logging in the area.

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In 1882, US Army Lieutenant Henry Hubbard Pierce led a government-sponsored exploration that traversed the western boundary of the southern section of the current park, in search of transportation routes and natural resources. As with the party led by McClellan in the 1850s, Pierce failed to find a

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and it is "one of the premier wilderness parks" in the lower-48 states". Unlike some national parks, there is no entrance fee at North Cascades, and hiking trailheads accessed by vehicle do not require a parking pass; trailheads on some national forest properties adjacent to the park may require a

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Climate change will impact the temperatures of high altitude lakes and streams, which in turn will have an effect on the fish that can thrive in these waters. Retreating glaciers reduce the amount of glacial ice melt available in warmer months that kept streams and lakes cold, even in late summer.

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are common. These species are heavily dependent on deep soils, and red cedars 1,000 years old and over 200 ft (61 m) tall can be found on Big Beaver Creek. These lowest elevation forests can be accessed by trails, such as the Happy Creek Forest Walk off State Route 20, the Shadows of the

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telemetry. Four of the wolverines frequented the southern sections of North Cascades National Park, and of those, two spent the majority of their time there; researchers were unable to determine if these study animals had reproduced in the park. A warming climate may impact any wolverine recovery

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expanded the aerial coverage to include other regions and he also used ground-based imagery to augment the research. In 1971, based on the photographs and other data collected since 1955, Post and others wrote a report that documented the number and scale of glaciers in the North Cascades. At the

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More than 500 lakes and ponds are located within North Cascades National Park. Many of these are devoid of fish, not uncommon in steep terrain where fish may not be able to access high altitude waterways. Around 240 of these lakes exist in the higher elevations and stocking of some of these lakes

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rocks that are the core of the mountains upward, a process that continues. Subjected to intense heat, rocks deep underground near the collision zone became recrystallized into granitic rocks, which comprise the backbone of the highest peaks. Continued uplift and erosion and finally the action of

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During the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, larger operations mined silver and lead in addition to gold, mostly with little or no profitability. The demand for metals was not constant, and so prices tended to fluctuate too greatly for mining to be viable. Once the region

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roofs with more than one pitch. The Skagits were generally lowlanders, who only ventured into the North Cascades during the summer months, and structures in the mountains were more modest, consisting mostly of temporary buildings erected with poles and covered with branches. The Skagits erected

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High quality climbing routes on the numerous cliffs, ice and other challenges make the park a favorite destination for many mountaineering enthusiasts. While some peaks and cliffs can be accessed fairly easily, the most remote ones entail a multi-day excursion, challenging for even experienced

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efforts implemented due to the loss of snow cover this species needs to reproduce. Research indicates that wolverines den in deep snow at least 5 ft (1.5 m) deep that lasts well into May, and as climate warms, these regions are becoming less common, especially in the lower 48 states.

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is the largest of these tributaries. The Skagit River is the largest river that flows into Puget Sound to the west, and the dams located in Ross Lake National Recreation Area and impounding other lakes adjacent to the park supply nearly 90 percent of the electricity used in Seattle. Other

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in the southwestern section of the southern unit of the park, which was used as a travel route by Native Americans. The pass can be reached by a 3.7-mile (6.0 km) hiking trail accessed from a parking lot at the end of a gravel road that starts at Marblemount. There are nearly 400 mi

592:. Further expeditions by the military in 1883 and 1887 also determined that the mountains were virtually impenetrable. Explorers continued to seek out routes for wagon roads and railways and by the end of the 19th century, much of the park had been explored, but it was not until 1972 that the 1804:

on the eastern slopes. Annually, the western portions of the park receive 76 inches (190 cm) more precipitation than the eastern sections. The higher precipitation in the west also correlates to increased snowfall with 400 in (10,000 mm) more measured in the west than the east

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counties in the U.S. state of Washington. Bisected by Ross Lake National Recreation Area (NRA), the park consists of two districts; the northern and southern. The northern boundary of the north district is also the international border between the United States and Canada; the latter manages

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In North Cascades National Park, fire was used by Native Americans in the region near present-day Ross Lake to clear out brush, to ease foot travel, and possibly to flush animals out of the foliage. Evidence found in the patterns of tree growth as well as from tree ring analysis indicates

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was subsequently created to administer these forest reserves nationwide, which were redesignated as National Forests. Though the Department of Agriculture allowed commercial enterprises to log the forest with a permit, most of the timber taken from the region was used only locally for the

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Across the entire North Cascades National Park Service Complex, between 1973 and 2003, there were 113 human-caused fires that burned 106 acres (43 ha), and 264 lightning-caused fires that burned 11,672 acres (4,723 ha). During this period, the largest fire consumed 4,118 acres

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In 2016, North Cascades National Park recorded 28,646 visitors, while adjoining Ross Lake National Recreation Area reported 905,418 visitors and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area had 45,514 visitors. Peak visitation is between June and September. Ross Lake NRA is easily accessible on

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policies are strictly enforced and encouraged, such as camping only on bare rock, using only a camp stove, storing food safely where animals cannot get to it, and carrying out or properly burying human waste as necessary. Mountaineering in the North Cascades was first popularized by

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zone where few plant species survive aside from some sparse grasses, the occasional shrub and lichens. A warming climate has led to an altitude adjustment for many flora species, with the timberline reaching 415 ft (126 m) further up the mountain slopes since the 1960s.

1286: 1399:. As little of the park was previously logged, significant stands of old growth forest can be found in the valleys and lower slopes up to the timberline at 7,000 ft (2,100 m). From the lowest valley floors to about 2,000 ft (610 m), virgin stands of 915:. Erosion from water and glacial ice have created some of the steepest mountain ranges in the contiguous US, rising between 4,000 and 6,000 ft (1,200 and 1,800 m) above their bases. The park is home to over 300 glaciers as well as 300 lakes, and contains the 435:, who lived to the north. They erected large houses or lodges that could house multiple families, each with their own partitioned area and entrance. The lodges were 100 feet (30 m) in length and 20 to 40 ft (6.1 to 12.2 m) in width, and the roofs were 1289: 974:

90 million years ago. The collision between the rocks caused fracturing and folding as well as uplift and the terranes were further fractured into north or south trending faults. The uplifted rocks mostly eroded away; 40 million years ago the heavier

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in California was also signed into existence on the same day as the North Cascades. By 1988, much of Bob Marshall's original plan to set aside the future park as wilderness was achieved when almost all of North Cascades National Park was designated as the

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led a party that explored the area for potential locations for the construction of a railroad through the region. McClellan determined the mountains were too numerous and precipitous, and that any railway would have to be constructed well to the south.

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is native to the park and grows at elevations over 5,000 ft (1,500 m) in the drier eastern region of the park. Whitebark pine is a stabilizing species for other species of high altitude flora and provides a food source for birds such as the

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roads into portions of the backcountry, some of which involved intricate engineering, including bridges over the numerous streams and dynamiting rock ledges above steep gorges during trail construction. One mining company built a series of

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country. One party of the commission was led by explorer Henry Custer, and they explored the northern district of the park, publishing their report in the 1860s. Custer's party crossed Whatcom Pass in 1858, and were the first whites to see

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The Skagit River divides the park into the north and south districts; it lies within the Ross Lake NRA and outside of the national park boundaries, but some of the creeks and streams that supply it originate within the national park; the

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and pollutants from industrialized regions to the west pose risks to the environment. The park has one of the earliest and longest lasting research programs dedicated to studying climate change, primarily through examining the effects of

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Bicycles are allowed in the park but only on the same roads that vehicles are allowed on. No mountain bike access is allowed on hiking trails. Hiker/biker camping is available at Newhalem Campground, Colonial Creek, and near Stehekin.

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in 1811, as a base from which to operate during the early period of the Pacific Northwest fur trade. Fort Okanogan was the first American settlement in present-day Washington State, well north of the route followed by members of the

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have devastated whitebark pine populations in many regions; as of 2018, "28 percent of whitebark pine trees are dead, 30 percent are infected with blister rust, and 1 percent have died from mountain pine beetles."

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well to the south due to the prevailing winds. Lakes at higher elevations show a higher level of acidity due to this phenomenon; the current and long-term impact on the ecosystem of the park has not yet been fully assessed.

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park has gone over two decades without a fatal incident. The last recorded fatality was in September 2000, demonstrating that with proper preparation and caution, visitors can safely enjoy this beautiful wilderness.

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The dense concentration and relative ease of access to the North Cascade glaciers brought about some of the earliest series of scientific studies regarding glaciology in the United States. Beginning in 1955, the

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While North Cascades National Park is in a remote region for the most part, the prevailing westerly winds bring various pollutants into the park from the industrialized region around Puget Sound and the

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aerial photographic inventory showed a 13 percent loss in park-wide glacial volume since Austin Post's inventory in 1971. The NPS stated that in the last 150 years since the end of the

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at 9,220 ft (2,810 m). It lies in a remote backcountry region of the southern section of the park. Nearby are several other peaks that exceed 9,000 ft (2,700 m), including

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ceremonies, similar to the Haidas, but with less complexity and extravagance. By 1910, only about 56 Skagits remained in the region, but their numbers have since rebounded to several hundred.

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More than 500 species of insects have been recorded, including at least two dozen species of butterflies. Around 250 species of aquatic invertebrates can be found in the parks waterways.

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for grizzly bear restoration was still in the public comment stage. Various action plans had been proposed to reestablish a self-sustaining population of 200 grizzlies in the region.

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species. These plants have spread across the park through the inadvertent redistribution from human activities, attaching themselves to cars and hikers. Invasive plants include the

884:, both of which border the park. Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest also borders a portion of the southern district of the park, to the southwest. Along the southwest border is 686:

Stephen Mather (seated at center) was the first Director of the National Park Service, and is the namesake for the vast wilderness area that now encompasses almost all of the park.

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that extends from northern California into British Columbia. The North Cascades are the northernmost section of the range and unlike their southern counterparts that consist of

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View from the south of Mount Terror (left skyline), Inspiration Peak (center) and McMillan Spires (right center), major summits in the southern portion of the Picket Range

620:, and hundreds of miners came to the region even though it was difficult to access. Most mining activity along Ruby Creek had ended by the 1880s, but was soon replaced by 1259:. The National Park Service research indicated that these four glaciers experienced rapid decrease in volumes between 1993 and 2011. In 1998, a National Park Service and 155: 1125:. Turning the water a turquoise hue at times, this finely ground powder remains suspended in lakes the creeks flow into, also causing some of them to appear turquoise. 2534:

Air quality in North Cascades National Park is generally considered good and aside from some reduced clarity due to haze, even distant peaks are easily seen most days.

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The flora in North Cascades National Park is influenced by the great vertical relief, the amount of moisture an area receives, the slope and soil types as well as the

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on October 2, 1968, and the National Park Service commenced direct management on January 1, 1969. The North Cascades National Park Act also designated Ross Lake and

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into the interior mountain region as the glacial ice retreated. Archaeological evidence from other sites hundreds of miles away from the park indicate that Hozomeen

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Overall the relative proximity of the Pacific Ocean moderates temperatures in the park, and it is warmer than other regions at a similar latitude farther inland.

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pass. Mount Shuksan, in the northwest corner of the park, is often photographed, and at 9,131 ft (2,783 m) is the second highest peak in the park.

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to undertake annual aerial photography expeditions designed to capture images of the glaciers and to show any alterations that might be occurring. In 1960,

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became a national park, some privately owned mining inholdings remained. One such inholding, the Thunder Creek mine, was still privately owned as of 1997.

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units that comprise the North Cascades National Park Complex. North Cascades National Park consists of a northern and southern section, bisected by the

9433: 9311: 8138: 7442: 5438: 1350:. With an elevation gain of nearly 9,000 ft (2,700 m), the park has one of the largest ranges of biodiversity found in any US national park. 3183: 61: 8133: 7130: 6697: 6375: 872:. The entire eastern and southern boundary of the north district is bordered by Ross Lake NRA. The western side of the north district is bordered by 715:

many parks being established were originally managed by the Forest Service. In an effort to appease their detractors, the Forest Service designated

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With much of the rock climbing and mountaineering done above the tree line, the effort to protect alpine ecosystems is of paramount importance.

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is particularly well known for this attribute, as it is supplied melt water from dozens of glaciers and transports the suspended particles into

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Hundreds of creeks and streams and several rivers originate within the park. The streams at higher elevation are often directly supplied by

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then campaigned to preserve the remaining wilderness, culminating on October 2, 1968, with the designation of North Cascades National Park.

9468: 9463: 9306: 9144: 7487: 6368: 831:(Sea-Tac), which is 120 mi (190 km) from North Cascades Visitor Center and 190 mi (310 km) from Chelan. In Chelan, the 645:

was set aside, preserving the forestland that would later become the park. By 1905, the management of the reserve was transferred from the

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More than 200 species of birds that pass through or use the park as a breeding ground have been recorded. These bird species include both

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is a passenger-only ferry that transports visitors to Stehekin, and the trailheads hikers can use to access the southern end of the park.

9458: 9453: 8293: 7507: 7320: 7280: 7234: 7168: 6899: 6532: 6391: 5432:"A Survey of Stream Amphibian Species Composition and Distribution in the North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington State" 733: 316:. By the early 19th century, the region was visited by fur trappers and several British and American companies vied for control over the 243: 1439:

zone, the forest gives way to meadows dominated by grasses and flowering plants and shrubs. Above 7,000 ft (2,100 m) lies the

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due to the steep terrain, especially on the western slopes, severely limit visitation in the winter. Most access to the park is from

959:. Though most rocks in the park are from the more recent Mesozoic, the oldest rocks are 400 million years old, dating from the 377:

Human history in North Cascades National Park and the surrounding region begins 8–10,000 years ago, after the end of the

7340: 7325: 7172: 5524: 5099: 4293: 4265: 2764: 1026:(9,087 ft (2,770 m)). At about 9,000 ft (2,700 m), about 5 miles (8.0 km) northeast of Goode Mountain, is 892:. The southern boundary of the park is shared with Lake Chelan NRA, and a small section of the eastern boundary is shared with the 646: 4648: 3931: 2941: 9273: 8819: 8253: 7814: 7633: 7467: 7419: 7386: 7274: 7225: 6205:"NPS Incident Reports - North Cascades National Park / Lake Chelan National Recreation Area / Ross Lake National Recreation Area" 2844: 650: 275: 927:. The ruggedness of the terrain was an obstacle to human encroachment and consequently, the park is almost entirely wilderness. 580:

and Hozomeen Mountain. Impressed with the scenic grandeur of the region, Custer stated, "must be seen, it cannot be described".

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lived in what is now North Cascades National Park as well as the surrounding area. Residing mainly to the west of the park near

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has been implemented to help protect the resource, since fixed point anchors deface the rock and are considered intrusive.

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Valley, west of the park and in regions to the east. Prehistoric micro blades 9,600 years old have been discovered at

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suitable route for a railway, and only marginally suitable routes for roads. However, the expedition discovered gold in a

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Eight distinctive life zones support thousands of different plant and animal species in the North Cascades National Park

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Painting of North Cascades Nat'l Park by Heinrich C. Berann. Aerial view of the entire park from the east, looking west.

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North Cascades National Park has nearly 9,000 feet (2,700 m) of vertical relief, with the park's highest point atop

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Although there are some gravel roads open to the public that enter the park, such as the Cascade River Road beginning at

1459:. True grass species number nearly 150 in the park; half of those are considered exotic and nonnative to the ecosystem. 1370:

species as have been documented in North Cascades National Park. With 1,630 species documented, experts estimate adding

8874: 8598: 8453: 8278: 8108: 7532: 7462: 7424: 7335: 7290: 4719: 4346: 4321: 4235: 4208: 4183: 4158: 4098: 3193: 2914: 2854: 1089:(8,630 ft (2,630 m)). Isolated and dominating the northwestern reaches of the park lies the oft photographed 723: 671: 659: 535:

Aside from isolated trappers, the North Cascades saw no further explorations until the 1850s. In 1853, US Army Captain

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Riedel, Jon; Mike Larrabee; Sharon Brady; Niki Bowerman; Rob Burrows; Steve Dorsch; Joanie Lawrence; Jeannie Wenger.

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Lower Curtis Glacier in 2003 compared to 1985 extent demarcated by red line demonstrates the retreat of this glacier.

1053:, which is in turn a subrange of the North Cascades. The Picket Range has numerous spires with ominous names such as 666:

in the 1920s. Almost 12,000 acres (4,900 ha) of timber would have been left underwater by the completion of the

5725: 8994: 8696: 8633: 8513: 8443: 8258: 8003: 7575: 7547: 7457: 7095: 7060: 6672: 6647: 5772: 741: 279: 4525: 9326: 9206: 8603: 8493: 8163: 7706: 7570: 7557: 7517: 7497: 7492: 7270: 6407: 5314: 4289: 4261: 2760: 2717:. Beckey was the first to summit at least two dozen peaks in the North Cascades, and his exhaustive three-volume 1204: 897: 865: 577: 321: 629:, the longest of which was over 3 miles (4.8 km), to transport lumber and to supply water for use in their 9393: 9211: 8824: 8558: 8533: 8508: 8398: 7978: 7933: 7885: 7776: 7502: 7046: 6787: 6637: 6452: 3701: 2559:; these have not been demonstrated to be at sufficient concentrations to greatly impact the ecosystem. Sulfur, 1596: 621: 30: 4279: 4251: 2750: 7903: 7786: 7771: 6997: 6815: 6794: 6602: 6472: 6457: 1720:

Seven species of reptiles and about a dozen species of amphibians have been documented. Reptiles such as the

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has allowed a great biodiversity to evolve. Few other North American national parks have recorded as many

9346: 9164: 8681: 8623: 8333: 8248: 8123: 8068: 7691: 7242: 7018: 6941: 6617: 6562: 5816: 4885: 4500:"House Approves Measure to Direct North Cascades National Park to Stock Barren Lakes. What Do You Think?" 3909: 2545: 496: 6165: 5605: 4124: 616:

along the banks of the Skagit River in search of gold. In the 1870s, placer mining also commenced along

9283: 9049: 8488: 8403: 8298: 8263: 8198: 8188: 8043: 7973: 7958: 7791: 7726: 7671: 7004: 6983: 6976: 6969: 6878: 6857: 6836: 6822: 6780: 6766: 6607: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6517: 6502: 6487: 6477: 6447: 6437: 5978:"National Park lands of the Northwest: Where to celebrate the centennial of the country's Park Service" 2785: 2710: 1777: 1670:

is the only species found in the park that is federally designated as an endangered species, while the

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tree near State Route 20 at Rainy Pass. Also at this elevation, the western hemlock is replaced by the

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North Cascades National Park is managed by the National Park Service, and the park headquarters is in

9423: 9278: 9216: 8676: 8608: 8528: 8388: 8373: 8348: 8313: 8303: 8238: 8228: 8183: 8118: 8063: 7988: 7983: 7801: 7756: 7605: 7294: 7137: 7116: 6955: 6948: 6934: 6892: 6885: 6808: 6773: 6702: 6687: 6572: 6567: 6557: 6527: 6522: 6467: 6442: 6117: 6048: 4649:"North Cascades National Park Complex Glacier Mass Balance Monitoring Annual Report, Water Year 2009" 3524:

Contested Terrain: North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington An Administrative History

3434:

Contested Terrain: North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington An Administrative History

3398:

Contested Terrain: North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington An Administrative History

3318:

Contested Terrain: North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington An Administrative History

2589: 1721: 1435:

as a dominant species. At elevations between 4,000 and 7,000 ft (1,200 and 2,100 m) in the

1391:) is a plant species normally found much further north but is found at higher elevations in the park. 1260: 1066: 885: 860: 856: 784: 776: 746: 691: 593: 460: 341: 143: 128: 124: 6092: 4406: 3216: 9268: 8919: 8686: 8593: 8548: 8543: 8498: 8423: 8393: 8358: 8353: 8318: 8098: 8078: 8058: 7968: 7953: 7898: 7766: 7731: 7721: 7701: 7696: 7646: 7600: 7565: 7434: 7406: 7088: 7011: 6843: 6667: 6612: 6492: 5267: 5220: 3519: 3429: 3393: 3313: 2610: 1823:

Climate data for North Cascades Visitor Center, North Cascades National Park. Elev: 535 ft (163 m)

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is prominently visible on the upper right. Mouse over the picture and click on an area of interest.

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Thunder Creek is known for its milky appearance from suspended rock particles called glacial flour.

1023: 881: 317: 291: 286:, nearly surround the park. North Cascades National Park features the rugged mountain peaks of the 267: 4841: 4819: 4794: 4772: 4625: 3745: 3548: 3340: 3239: 3156: 3090: 3010: 1503:

This park has a diversity of animal species including 75 mammal species. A total of 18 species of

1030:(8,970 ft (2,730 m)). Other prominent peaks in the southern section of the park include 503:. To the southeast of the modern park boundary, Ross and other members of the company constructed 8588: 8503: 8468: 8458: 8408: 8268: 8193: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8128: 8088: 8013: 7943: 7746: 7681: 7676: 7651: 7641: 7595: 7580: 7396: 7123: 7109: 7053: 6692: 6682: 6642: 6070: 5844: 4577: 3122: 3056: 2627: 1471: 1387: 1094: 1027: 889: 805: 617: 568: 525: 6004: 3602: 1677:

There are at least 28 species of fish documented, including all five species of Pacific salmon:

567:, since the rival fur trading outfits had their own ideas about where the border should be. The 9263: 8568: 8433: 8323: 8273: 8233: 8218: 8213: 8038: 8008: 7993: 7913: 7716: 7711: 7666: 7373: 7144: 6801: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6707: 6462: 6427: 6422: 6417: 5678: 4476: 4454: 4036: 3473:

Halliday, William R. (March 16, 1969). "The Forgotten Father Of North Cascades National Park".

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on the local logging industry. The North Cascades National Park Act designated the region as a

708: 695: 6276: 5041: 4225: 1412:

Sentinels at Baker Lake, Thunder Creek Trail at Diablo Lake and the Horseshoe Bend Trail from

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which would provide increased protection to some of the most pristine regions they managed.

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When white explorers first entered the area in the late 18th century, an estimated thousand

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Restoring the Pacific Northwest: The Art and Science of Ecological Restoration in Cascadia

1093:(9,131 ft (2,783 m)), which towers more than 8,400 ft (2,600 m) above 294:, the headwaters of numerous waterways, and vast forests with the highest degree of flora 8: 9288: 9248: 8613: 8478: 8418: 8413: 8283: 8243: 7908: 7781: 7751: 7741: 7656: 7391: 6204: 2672:. Quien Sabe Glacier shrouds the west face of Boston Peak (right) below extensive cliffs. 2623: 1769: 1725: 1659: 1532: 1479: 1244: 1184: 560: 536: 500: 378: 325: 6338: 5794: 3935: 1606:

Mountain goats have hooves that are well adapted to steep snow-covered slopes and cliffs

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Microblades excavated from Cascades Pass; the two on the right were crafted from quartz.

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the national forest east of the park and fitted with transmitters that were tracked by

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Peaks, another popular hike, are in the middle distance below and right of Boston Peak.

663: 521: 247: 132: 6360: 6254: 5888: 5726:"North Cascades National Park, Washington - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data" 1427:

Between 2,000 and 5,500 ft (610 and 1,680 m) the forest is dominated by the

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composing the North Cascades drifted thousands of miles north until they impacted the

907:, and the western valleys situated at only around 400 ft (120 m) above mean 843: 658:

construction of cabins and similar small-scale enterprises. Logging expanded when the

495:

The first white explorer to enter the North Cascades was most likely a Scotsman named

9109: 8578: 8563: 8018: 6184: 6142: 4715: 4342: 4317: 4231: 4204: 4179: 4154: 4094: 3957: 3189: 2910: 2903:

McManamon, Francis P.; Linda S. Cordell; Kent G. Lightfoot; George R. Milner (2008).

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North Cascades National Park is approximately 100 mi (160 km) northeast of

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lies in the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest along the southeastern park boundary.

556: 436: 394: 330: 309: 6026: 5630: 5502: 5290:"Frequently Asked Questions: North Cascades Ecosystem Grizzly Bear Restoration Plan" 5173: 5067: 3261: 2677:

mountaineers. The park has banned the installation of any new fixed anchors such as

767: 9321: 8754: 8428: 8328: 8308: 7857: 5954: 4910: 4555: 4362: 2970: 2560: 1671: 1667: 1475: 1462: 1256: 1172: 1121:

from glaciers, and they carry finely ground rock particles commonly referred to as

1019: 992:

and significant vertical relief that is comparable to much taller mountain ranges.

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Mineral prospectors entered the North Cascades region, and by the 1850s were doing

393:, a type of rock well-suited to the fabrication of implements, was mined from near 283: 5866: 5342: 5199:"Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Species Within the North Cascades Ecosystem" 4863: 3884: 3862: 3840: 3818: 3796: 266:

lies on the southern border of the south unit of the park. In addition to the two

9059: 8879: 8383: 8203: 7842: 5652: 5386: 1751: 1710: 1647: 1188: 1158:

View of three glaciers from Eldorado Peak: Inspiration, Forbidden, and Quien Sabe

728: 564: 350: 7182: 4455:"Mountain Lakes Fishery Management Plan / Environmental Impact Statement (2008)" 2721:

books, first published in the early 1970s, have been called the "Beckey Bible".

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can be found but throughout this dense forest, ferns, shrubs and mosses abound.

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is located at the southeastern end of Lake Chelan where access to the park from

439:, with a single pitch; structures built by other Puget Sound tribes usually had 44: 9258: 9193: 9019: 8518: 8028: 4681: 3458:

Woodward, Walt (March 21, 1967). "North Cascade Park Bill Was Long In Coming".

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American and British disputes in the region centered on the fur trade, and the

517: 513: 456: 361: 345: 287: 250:. At more than 500,000 acres (200,000 ha), it is the largest of the three 4933: 2818: 966:

Evidence from the fossils and magnetism found in the rocks indicates that the

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made from Hozomeen chert are part of the archaeological record throughout the

397:, just east of the park border, for the last 8,400 years. Tools such as 9417: 9366: 9253: 9029: 8914: 8538: 8363: 7837: 5982: 2731:

National Register of Historic Places listings in North Cascades National Park

2706: 2635: 2540: 2083: 1714: 1698: 1655: 1572: 1556: 1552: 1524: 1404: 1334: 1176: 1122: 1090: 1035: 940: 761: 613: 589: 572: 504: 412: 382: 313: 170: 157: 34: 4683: 827:

serves eastern Washington communities. The closest international airport is

9201: 9104: 9074: 8553: 8378: 8288: 7928: 7852: 5677:. Washington State Department of Transportation. March 2013. Archived from 2631: 2614: 2530: 1729: 1663: 1623: 1615: 1584: 1568: 1359: 1305: 1236: 1196: 1154: 1143: 1074: 1050: 1046: 916: 464: 406: 402: 302: 295: 255: 4227:

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes: Stevens Pass to Rainy Pass

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The biodiversity of the area is threatened by climate change and invasive

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The nearest large town on the west side of the park is Sedro-Woolley, and

9243: 8573: 8103: 8093: 7847: 7819: 5700: 3488:

Woodward, Walt (February 11, 1966). "Pros and Cons on U.S. Parks Heard".

2702: 2639: 1801: 1706: 1694: 1690: 1678: 1516: 1417: 1408: 1317: 1309: 1130: 1031: 1006: 704: 428: 386: 4623: 4599: 4014: 8724: 8073: 5525:"North Cascades National Park Service Complex: Butterflies in the Park" 4743: 3366: 2618:(640 km) of hiking trails in the park. Hikers can also access two 1702: 1627: 1504: 1329: 1070: 1054: 682: 445: 357: 5910: 3430:"Contested Terrain: The Establishment of North Cascades National Park" 3367:"Protecting The Natural Environment with Low Impact Energy Generation" 1235:

The National Park Service, United States Geological Survey (USGS) and

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in the southern unit of the park and 63 mi (101 km) of the

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Geographical features in the area can be found in this clickable map:

1118: 1086: 912: 908: 337: 3650:"Budget Justifications and Performance Information Fiscal Year 2019" 9094: 7157: 5581:"North Cascades National Park Service Complex Fire Management Plan" 4682:

Post, Austin; Don Richardson; Wendell V. Tangborn; F. L. Rosselot.

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Inland and residing to the north and east of the Skagit tribe, the

449: 4934:"Area of old-growth forests in California, Oregon, and Washington" 2555:

and toxins from pesticides have been detected in the park, as has

551:, as it was referred to in the United States – the 487: 6300:"Fred Beckey, mountaineer who scaled untrodden peaks, dies at 94" 5430:

Rawhouser, Ashley K.; Holmes, Ronald E.; Glesne, Reed S. (2009).

3057:"Marketing the Wilderness: Development of Commercial Enterprises" 2585: 2373: 1548: 980: 967: 919:

for some streams that flow into the Skagit River, as well as the

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are also present. Ten species of bats have been documented. The

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Washington's Highest Mountains: Basic Alpine and Glacier Routes

2601: 1564: 1560: 1512: 1508: 1375: 976: 585: 432: 7483:

Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-Tailed Deer

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Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR–2011/483

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The park contains an estimated 236,000 acres (960 km) of

1210: 5675:"SR 20 – North Cascades Highway – Frequently Asked Questions" 2678: 2556: 1544: 951:

volcanic rocks, the North Cascades are composed primarily of

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North Cascades National Park is almost entirely protected as

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between Britain and the United States eventually led to the

459:(also known as the "Thompson Indians", named after explorer 231: 6349: 5550:"Species Checklist for North Cascades National Park (NOCA)" 5456:"Species Checklist for North Cascades National Park (NOCA)" 5409:"Species Checklist for North Cascades National Park (NOCA)" 5365:"Species Checklist for North Cascades National Park (NOCA)" 5152:"Species Checklist for North Cascades National Park (NOCA)" 3123:"Early Impressions: Euro-American Explorations and Surveys" 2630:

that passes through the northern unit. The north and south

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could more than double the number of known plant species.

2564:(80 km) on the worst days due to the increased haze. 911:, the park has a highly varied ecosystem, including eight 4684:"Inventory of Glaciers in the North Cascades, Washington" 1540: 4707: 3630:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior 1800:

The Cascade Range is tall enough to cause a significant

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have been reported within this park. Several species of

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expanse totaling 27,000 acres (110 km) as of 2009.

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important rivers that originate in the park include the

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The tallest mountain in North Cascades National Park is

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North Cascades National Park is located in portions of

599: 6166:"Washington National Park Deaths [2024 Study]" 4925: 4646: 2842: 2588:. Nearly all of the national park is protected as the 5429: 1085:(8,979 ft (2,737 m)) and the spires of the 979:

rocks of the ocean floor started to push the lighter

4708:

Post, Austin; Edward R. LaChapelle (March 1, 2000).

2705:; at age 15 he was the first to reach the summit of 372: 96: 68: 4086: 4017:. North Coast and Cascades Science Learning Network 2713:, and the following year he was the first to climb 1674:and northern spotted owl are listed as threatened. 1333:The Thornton Lakes fill glacier-carved basins near 491:

Goode Mountain is the tallest mountain in the park.

4065:. Washington State Department of Natural Resources 3982:. Washington State Department of Natural Resources 608:Ross Dam in the Ross Lake National Recreation Area 9236: 7212: 5975: 5817:"North Cascades National Park 2012 Business Plan" 5309: 5307: 4947:, Pacific Northwest Research Station. PNW-RB-197. 4932:Bolsinger, Charles L.; Waddell, Karen L. (1993). 3603:"North Cascades National Park 2012 Business Plan" 935:North Cascades National Park was named after the 677: 559:. The treaty set the international border at the 9415: 9394:Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission 4931: 4526:"Fish stocking ban looms at Wash. national park" 4517: 4313:Cascade Alpine Guide; Rainy Pass to Fraser River 4090:Geology of the North Cascades: A Mountain Mosaic 3674: 3672: 3670: 2596: 1662:and primarily ground-dwelling birds such as the 7820:Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 5146: 5144: 5142: 4087:Tabor, Rowland; Ralph Haugerud (May 14, 1999). 2791:. Land Resource Division, National Park Service 2642:regions are popular backcountry camping zones. 1281: 847:Map of the North Cascades National Park Complex 5718: 5701:"PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University" 5304: 3738: 2666:Pyramidal Forbidden Peak (left) is one of the 499:, who was in the employ of the American-owned 329:River valley to generate hydroelectric power. 7198: 6376: 6356:North Cascade Glacier Climate Project reports 5193: 5191: 4647:Riedel, Jon; Michael Larrabee (August 2011). 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3667: 3655:. U.S. Department of the Interior. p. 84 3597: 3595: 3593: 3543: 3541: 3453: 3451: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 2875: 2873: 1499:Sooty grouse seen on the Thornton Lakes trail 1045:The northern region of the park contains the 482: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5139: 5087: 5085: 4421: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 7169:List of national parks of the United States 6189:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 6137: 6135: 5625: 5623: 5497: 5495: 5470: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4316:. The Mountaineers Books. pp. 96–100. 3181: 3121:Luxenberg, Gretchen A. (February 7, 1999). 3055:Luxenberg, Gretchen A. (February 7, 1999). 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 1097:only 6 mi (9.7 km) to the south. 290:, the most expansive glacial system in the 9439:Archaeological sites in Washington (state) 9342:Maritime Washington National Heritage Area 7205: 7191: 6383: 6369: 6337: 6163: 5767: 5765: 5667: 5401: 5357: 5188: 5070:. National Park Service. February 28, 2015 4985: 4983: 4981: 4619: 4617: 4491: 4119: 4117: 3904: 3902: 3760: 3590: 3538: 3448: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3109: 3029: 2870: 270:, other protected lands including several 16:National Park in Washington, United States 9434:1968 establishments in Washington (state) 6249: 6247: 6112: 6110: 5839: 5837: 5809: 5564: 5448: 5337: 5335: 5292:. National Park Service. December 5, 2017 5082: 5022:. National Park Service. January 30, 2018 4905: 4903: 4844:. National Park Service. January 19, 2018 4814: 4812: 4497: 4409:. National Park Service. January 19, 2018 4305: 4303: 3332: 3231: 3209: 3141: 3120: 3075: 3054: 2838: 2836: 2622:including 18 mi (29 km) of the 939:mountains, which are a subsection of the 6132: 5976:Gottberg Anderson, John (May 19, 2016). 5620: 5530:. National Park Service. January 9, 2017 5492: 5240: 5238: 5034: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4993:. National Park Service. August 11, 2017 4966:. National Park Service. August 11, 2017 4951: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4294:United States Department of the Interior 4266:United States Department of the Interior 4082: 4080: 4029: 3950: 3934:. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from 3549:"Washington Park Wilderness Act of 1988" 3487: 3472: 3457: 3338: 3281: 3279: 3237: 3154: 3088: 3008: 2985: 2935: 2933: 2896: 2813: 2811: 2786:"Listing of acreage – December 31, 2011" 2765:United States Department of the Interior 2661: 2600: 2575: 2529: 2525: 1750: 1601: 1494: 1380: 1328: 1277: 1209: 1153: 1108: 1005: 984:glacial ice on the landscape during the 842: 794: 766: 756: 681: 603: 486: 411: 7815:Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 7387:Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 6019: 5762: 5423: 5166: 5098:. National Park Service. Archived from 4978: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4640: 4614: 4469: 4336: 4230:. The Mountaineers Books. p. 331. 4114: 3899: 3620: 3511: 3412: 3385: 3305: 2906:Archaeology in America: An Encyclopedia 2843:Apostol, Dean; Marcia Sinclair (2006). 2709:in 1938, in 1939 he was the first atop 520:. Fort Okanogan was later owned by the 312:explorers arrived, it was inhabited by 9416: 7382:Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail 6244: 6107: 5834: 5693: 5332: 4900: 4809: 4428:House Committee on Natural Resources. 4355: 4309: 4300: 4223: 4051: 3924: 3877: 3517: 3427: 3391: 3311: 3254: 2939: 2879: 2833: 2605:Hiking at Sahale Arm near Cascade Pass 874:Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest 512:of 1804–1806, and also north of 7186: 6364: 6297: 5598: 5379: 5235: 5005: 4741: 4701: 4578:"Thunder Creek and Park Creek Trails" 4543: 4198: 4173: 4148: 4077: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3972: 3680:"Visitor Centers and Ranger Stations" 3276: 3182:Kiver, Eugene; Harris, David (1999). 2930: 2819:"NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report" 2808: 2803:National Park Service Acreage Reports 2681:, and only removable anchors such as 2669:Fifty Classic Climbs of North America 1559:, and more than two dozen species of 1304:is in the foreground, drained by the 738:Lake Chelan National Recreation Areas 258:that flows through the reservoirs of 9449:North Cascades of Washington (state) 9444:National parks in Washington (state) 9399: 9274:Osoyoos Lake Veteran's Memorial Park 6298:Smith, Harrison (October 31, 2017). 6041: 5655:. Western Region Climate Center NOAA 5606:"Fire Ecology in the North Cascades" 5117: 4670: 4341:. Wilderness Press. pp. 43–49. 4093:. Mountaineers Books. pp. 7–8. 3608:. National Park Service. Spring 2012 3572:North Cascades National Park Complex 3503:"North Cascades Compromise Hinted". 3339:Thompson, Erwin N. (June 11, 2008). 3238:Thompson, Erwin N. (June 11, 2008). 3188:(5th ed.). Wiley. p. 192. 3155:Thompson, Erwin N. (June 11, 2008). 3089:Thompson, Erwin N. (June 11, 2008). 3009:Thompson, Erwin N. (June 11, 2008). 1790:National Register of Historic Places 1416:. In openings in the forest canopy, 1146:, Nooksack and the Stehekin rivers. 829:Seattle-Tacoma International Airport 662:was commenced by the public utility 600:Mining, logging and dam construction 563:, but this was disputed west of the 547:allowed for joint administration of 528:, both of which were British-owned. 264:Lake Chelan National Recreation Area 9469:Protected areas established in 1968 9464:Parks in Whatcom County, Washington 7807:National Estuarine Research Reserve 6392:National parks of the United States 5586:. National Park Service. April 2010 4886:"Natural Features & Ecosystems" 4447: 4285:Geographic Names Information System 4257:Geographic Names Information System 3910:"Natural Features & Ecosystems" 3563: 2778: 2756:Geographic Names Information System 2743: 2518:Source 2: Weather Atlas (sun data) 1038:(8,868 ft (2,703 m)) and 1022:(9,114 ft (2,778 m)) and 808:, and the Thornton Lakes Road near 13: 9459:Parks in Skagit County, Washington 9454:Parks in Chelan County, Washington 4773:"Glaciers Selected for Monitoring" 4714:. University of Washington Press. 4600:"How Our Electricity is Generated" 4523: 3994: 3371:Skagit River Hydroelectric Project 1697:. Various trout species including 894:Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest 752: 672:Ross Lake National Recreation Area 660:Skagit River Hydroelectric Project 260:Ross Lake National Recreation Area 244:national park of the United States 14: 9480: 6324: 6005:"Cascade Pass / Sahale Arm Trail" 4795:"Recent Trends in Glacial Volume" 4337:Goldman, Peggy (March 30, 2004). 4224:Beckey, Fred (January 15, 2003). 3863:"Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness" 3345:North Cascades History Basic Data 3161:North Cascades History Basic Data 3095:North Cascades History Basic Data 3015:North Cascades History Basic Data 2657: 1100: 988:exposed the rocks visible today. 373:Paleoindians and Native Americans 9398: 9379: 9378: 9332:Les Hilde Trail & Trailheads 9110:Rattlesnake Mountain Scenic Area 7156: 7150: 7143: 7136: 7129: 7122: 7115: 7108: 7101: 7094: 7087: 7080: 7073: 7066: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7038: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6989: 6982: 6975: 6968: 6961: 6954: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6905: 6898: 6891: 6884: 6877: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6849: 6842: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6807: 6800: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6737: 6730: 6723: 6291: 6269: 6222: 6197: 6157: 6085: 6063: 5997: 5969: 5947: 5925: 5903: 5881: 5859: 5787: 5740: 5645: 5542: 5517: 4498:Repanshek, Kurt (June 3, 2009). 4203:. FalconGuides. pp. 93–97. 3702:"Heather Meadows Visitor Center" 3518:Louter, David (April 14, 1999). 3428:Louter, David (April 14, 1999). 3392:Louter, David (April 14, 1999). 3312:Louter, David (April 14, 1999). 1081:(8,969 ft (2,734 m)), 1042:(8,815 ft (2,687 m)). 1034:(8,894 ft (2,711 m)), 703:a national park to the north of 367: 301:The region was first settled by 190:504,654 acres (2,042.26 km) 95: 88: 67: 60: 43: 7830:National Wild and Scenic Rivers 5282: 5268:"Wolverines and Climate Change" 5260: 5213: 5093:"Whitebark Pine Resource Brief" 5060: 5020:"Climate Change Resource Brief" 4878: 4856: 4834: 4787: 4765: 4742:Pelto, Mauri (September 2007). 4735: 4592: 4570: 4399: 4377: 4330: 4290:United States Geological Survey 4272: 4262:United States Geological Survey 4244: 4217: 4201:Climbing Washington's Mountains 4199:Smoot, Jeff (January 1, 2002). 4192: 4176:Climbing Washington's Mountains 4174:Smoot, Jeff (January 1, 2002). 4167: 4151:Climbing Washington's Mountains 4149:Smoot, Jeff (January 1, 2002). 4142: 3855: 3833: 3811: 3789: 3716: 3694: 3642: 3496: 3481: 3466: 3359: 3175: 2761:United States Geological Survey 898:Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness 336:Heavy snows and a high risk of 298:of any American national park. 8509:Spokane River Centennial Trail 7616:USFS National Recreation Areas 6164:1p21.admin (August 19, 2024). 5125:"Climate Science and Research" 4125:"North Cascades Student Guide" 2963: 2751:"North Cascades National Park" 2571: 2513:Source 1: PRISM Climate Group 1597:environmental impact statement 711:and were shelved for decades. 678:Establishing the National Park 555:referred to the region as the 79:Show map of Washington (state) 1: 9357:Walker Valley ORV Riding Area 7407:NPS National Recreation Areas 4524:Le, Phuong (April 13, 2009). 4310:Beckey, Fred (June 1, 2008). 3958:"Glaciers / Glacial Features" 3507:. April 21, 1968. p. 45. 2949:North Cascades Resource Brief 2849:. Island Press. p. 248. 2736: 2597:Camping, hiking and bicycling 1342:Ecology of the North Cascades 870:Skagit Valley Provincial Park 107:Show map of the United States 104:Location in the United States 49:Cascade Pass and Pelton Basin 9429:North Cascades National Park 7356:National Historical Reserves 6433:Black Canyon of the Gunnison 5911:"Frequently Asked Questions" 5046:North Cascades National Park 4945:United States Forest Service 4842:"Glacier Monitoring Program" 4626:"Glacier Monitoring Program" 4435:. Government Printing Office 4178:. FalconGuides. p. 86. 4153:. FalconGuides. p. 89. 3578:(Map). National Park Service 2942:"Archeology at Cascade Pass" 1755:Copper Mountain Fire Lookout 1646:and seasonal appearances of 995: 838: 240:North Cascades National Park 232:North Cascades National Park 24:North Cascades National Park 7: 9347:Mount Adams Recreation Area 8139:Hope Island (Skagit County) 4015:"Geology of North Cascades" 2724: 2546:Mount Rainier National Park 2012:Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 1872:Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 1728:and amphibians such as the 1149: 771:West entrance sign on SR 20 722:By the mid-1930s, forester 322:Canada–United States border 10: 9485: 8750:Chehalis River Surge Plain 8134:Hope Island (Mason County) 7974:Camp Wooten Retreat Center 7707:Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Ridge 3819:"Noisy-Diobsud Wilderness" 3475:The Seattle Times Magazine 3091:"Fur Trading and Trapping" 2909:. Greenwood. p. 324. 2884:. North Cascades Institute 2517: 2512: 1822: 1795: 1788:, all of which are on the 1658:, woodpeckers such as the 1547:, several more species of 1339: 1324: 999: 930: 882:Noisy-Diobsud Wildernesses 647:Department of the Interior 510:Lewis and Clark Expedition 483:Anglo-European exploration 9375: 9229: 9183: 8993: 8855:Little Pend Oreille River 8695: 8632: 8599:Wanapum Recreational Area 7884: 7875: 7828: 7802:National Marine Sanctuary 7800: 7632: 7614: 7556: 7443:Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually 7435:National Wildlife Refuges 7433: 7405: 7372: 7354: 7304: 7281:Mount St. Helens Volcanic 7261: 7233: 7224: 7166: 6719: 6398: 6118:"Wilderness Trip Planner" 6049:"Pacific Northwest Trail" 5705:www.prism.oregonstate.edu 4407:"Natural Resource Issues" 3841:"Glacier Peak Wilderness" 3314:"Land Use and Protection" 3185:Geology of U.S. Parklands 2590:Stephen Mather Wilderness 2465: 2418: 2371: 2324: 2277: 2203: 2155: 2081: 2011: 1941: 1871: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1722:northern alligator lizard 1261:Portland State University 886:Wenatchee National Forest 790: 777:Sedro-Woolley, Washington 747:Stephen Mather Wilderness 692:Yellowstone National Park 651:Department of Agriculture 643:Washington Forest Reserve 280:Canadian provincial parks 268:national recreation areas 227: 217: 213:30,154 (in 2022) 209: 198:October 2, 1968 194: 186: 149: 144:Sedro-Woolley, Washington 139: 116: 54: 42: 28: 23: 9269:Mukilteo Lighthouse Park 6350:North Cascades Institute 5221:"Wolf Status and Future" 4689:. U.S. Geological Survey 4479:. United States Congress 4059:"Glaciation and Erosion" 3932:"North Cascades Geology" 3797:"Mount Baker Wilderness" 3217:"Settlers and Explorers" 3157:"International Boundary" 1734:Pacific giant salamander 1709:can be found as can the 1490: 1353: 1221:University of Washington 888:, within which lies the 876:, within which lies the 596:bisected the mountains. 292:contiguous United States 9217:Smith and Minor Islands 8109:Ginkgo Petrified Forest 7397:Pacific Northwest Trail 6316:(subscription required) 6279:. National Park Service 6257:. National Park Service 6232:. National Park Service 6145:. National Park Service 6120:. National Park Service 6095:. National Park Service 6073:. National Park Service 6051:. National Park Service 6029:. National Park Service 6007:. National Park Service 5957:. National Park Service 5913:. National Park Service 5891:. National Park Service 5889:"Entrance Fees by Park" 5869:. National Park Service 5847:. National Park Service 5822:. National Park Service 5797:. National Park Service 5775:. National Park Service 5773:"Air Pollution Impacts" 5750:. National Park Service 5653:"Climate of Washington" 5633:. National Park Service 5608:. National Park Service 5552:. National Park Service 5505:. National Park Service 5480:. National Park Service 5458:. National Park Service 5411:. National Park Service 5389:. National Park Service 5367:. National Park Service 5345:. National Park Service 5320:. National Park Service 5270:. National Park Service 5248:. National Park Service 5223:. National Park Service 5201:. National Park Service 5176:. National Park Service 5154:. National Park Service 5127:. National Park Service 5048:. National Park Service 4913:. National Park Service 4888:. National Park Service 4866:. National Park Service 4822:. National Park Service 4797:. National Park Service 4775:. National Park Service 4658:. National Park Service 4628:. National Park Service 4580:. National Park Service 4558:. National Park Service 4504:National Parks Traveler 4457:. National Park Service 4387:. National Park Service 4365:. National Park Service 4130:. National Park Service 4039:. National Park Service 3960:. National Park Service 3912:. National Park Service 3887:. National Park Service 3865:. University of Montana 3843:. University of Montana 3821:. University of Montana 3799:. University of Montana 3777:. National Park Service 3748:. National Park Service 3746:"Public Transportation" 3726:. National Park Service 3682:. National Park Service 3551:. National Park Service 3526:. National Park Service 3436:. National Park Service 3400:. National Park Service 3347:. National Park Service 3320:. National Park Service 3293:. National Park Service 3264:. National Park Service 3242:. National Park Service 3219:. National Park Service 3163:. National Park Service 3129:. National Park Service 3127:Historic Resource Study 3097:. National Park Service 3063:. National Park Service 3061:Historic Resource Study 3017:. National Park Service 2973:. National Park Service 2951:. National Park Service 2821:. National Park Service 2628:Pacific Northwest Trail 1746: 1480:White pine blister rust 1388:Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 890:Glacier Peak Wilderness 569:Oregon boundary dispute 9307:Marine protected areas 9085:Middle Fork Snoqualmie 8860:Marcellus Shrub Steppe 8765:Cleveland Shrub Steppe 8697:Natural Area Preserves 8584:Twenty-Five Mile Creek 8114:Goldendale Observatory 7994:Columbia Plateau Trail 7586:Mount Baker–Snoqualmie 7321:Klondike Gold Rush NHP 6170:Elk & Elk Co., Ltd 2673: 2620:National Scenic Trails 2606: 2581: 2535: 1756: 1607: 1500: 1470:and mammals including 1392: 1337: 1321: 1314:Strait of Juan de Fuca 1270: 1215: 1159: 1114: 1011: 848: 801: 772: 764: 696:Yosemite National Park 687: 609: 594:North Cascades Highway 588:vein on the slopes of 492: 417: 171:48.83278°N 121.34750°W 76:Location in Washington 9352:Sehome Hill Arboretum 9317:Cascadia Marine Trail 8514:Spring Creek Hatchery 8259:Lewis and Clark Trail 7331:Manhattan Project NHP 6538:Great Smoky Mountains 6344:National Park Service 6143:"Backcountry Permits" 6071:"Cross-country Zones" 5935:. U.S. Forest Service 5845:"Pacific Crest Trail" 5795:"More on Air Quality" 4477:"H.R. 1158 - Summary" 4430:"House Report 113-68" 4037:"Geologic Formations" 3704:. U.S. Forest Service 2971:"History and Culture" 2665: 2604: 2579: 2533: 2526:Air and water quality 1754: 1605: 1498: 1484:mountain pine beetles 1384: 1362:. This wide array of 1332: 1299: 1213: 1207:on Mount Challenger. 1157: 1112: 1009: 846: 798: 770: 760: 742:Redwood National Park 690:The establishment of 685: 607: 490: 415: 385:slowly advanced from 252:National Park Service 222:National Park Service 8604:Wenatchee Confluence 5955:"Rivers and Streams" 5444:on October 16, 2011. 5105:on February 19, 2017 4744:"Vanishing Glaciers" 4602:. Seattle City Light 4556:"Rivers and Streams" 4363:"Rivers and streams" 3885:"Nature and Science" 2940:Mierendorf, Robert. 2880:Mierendorf, Robert. 2719:Cascade Alpine Guide 2689:are permitted. This 2638:, Eldorado Peak and 1740:reside in the park. 1632:northern spotted owl 1185:Inspiration Glaciers 1063:Poltergeist Pinnacle 1049:, a subrange of the 972:North American Plate 526:Hudson's Bay Company 479:and other diseases. 448:and participated in 288:North Cascades Range 176:48.83278; -121.34750 9337:Little Pend Oreille 9165:West Tiger Mountain 9015:Clearwater Corridor 8950:Spring Creek Canyon 8619:Willie Keil's Grave 8614:Willapa Hills Trail 8559:Sun Lakes-Dry Falls 8534:Steptoe Battlefield 8399:Peshastin Pinnacles 8369:Palouse to Cascades 7979:Cape Disappointment 7634:National Wilderness 7488:Little Pend Oreille 7392:Pacific Crest Trail 7346:Whitman Mission NHS 7341:San Juan Island NHP 7326:Lewis and Clark NHP 7306:National Historical 6543:Guadalupe Mountains 6498:Gates of the Arctic 5933:"Picture Lake Path" 5867:"Fees & Passes" 5042:"Non-native plants" 3394:"A Wilderness Park" 3341:"The Public Domain" 3291:History and Culture 2624:Pacific Crest Trail 2541:Fraser River Valley 1942:Daily mean °F (°C) 1770:Beaver Pass Shelter 1726:common garter snake 1660:pileated woodpecker 1372:non-vascular plants 1316:in the background. 537:George B. McClellan 501:Pacific Fur Company 379:last glacial period 218:Governing body 167: / 9237:Former state parks 9055:Hendrickson Canyon 8997:Conservation Areas 7904:Battle Ground Lake 7787:William O. Douglas 7772:Washington Islands 7591:Okanogan–Wenatchee 7508:Quillayute Needles 7316:Fort Vancouver NHS 7263:National Monuments 6698:Wrangell–St. Elias 6673:Theodore Roosevelt 6354:Glacier Research: 6277:"Planning a Climb" 4820:"Long Term Trends" 2882:"Cultural History" 2674: 2607: 2582: 2536: 1757: 1738:rough-skinned newt 1640:Clark's nutcracker 1608: 1581:endangered species 1501: 1468:Clark's nutcracker 1429:pacific silver fir 1397:old-growth forests 1393: 1385:Common bearberry ( 1338: 1322: 1216: 1205:Challenger Glacier 1187:on Eldorado Peak, 1160: 1115: 1012: 849: 819:lies to the east. 802: 773: 765: 688: 664:Seattle City Light 610: 578:Challenger Glacier 522:North West Company 493: 418: 9411: 9410: 9302: 9301: 9225: 9224: 9212:Protection Island 9100:Naselle Highlands 8995:Natural Resources 8935:Skagit Bald Eagle 8830:Kahlotus Ridgetop 8820:Hamma Hamma Balds 8785:Cypress Highlands 8224:Lake Lenore Caves 8054:Federation Forest 7871: 7870: 7503:Protection Island 7180: 7179: 6553:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes 4941:Resource Bulletin 4751:Washington Trails 4385:"Lakes and ponds" 3938:on August 1, 2013 3505:The Seattle Times 3490:The Seattle Times 3477:. pp. 14–15. 3460:The Seattle Times 3373:. City of Seattle 2522: 2521: 2468:ultraviolet index 2421:possible sunshine 2158:relative humidity 1476:Douglas squirrels 1457:reed canary grass 1364:ecological niches 1257:Sandalee Glaciers 1225:Richard C. Hubley 1173:Sulphide Glaciers 957:metamorphic rocks 557:Columbia District 395:Hozomeen Mountain 331:Environmentalists 310:European American 237: 236: 140:Nearest city 9476: 9424:IUCN Category II 9402: 9401: 9382: 9381: 9322:The Enchantments 9312:Blanchard Forest 9234: 9233: 9184:Aquatic Reserves 9170:White Salmon Oak 9060:Klickitat Canyon 8955:Trombetta Canyon 8925:Schumacher Creek 8910:Riverside Breaks 8815:Gunpowder Island 8755:Chopaka Mountain 8624:Yakima Sportsman 8454:Saddlebag Island 8334:Obstruction Pass 8249:Leadbetter Point 8124:Griffiths-Priday 8069:Forks of the Sky 7882: 7881: 7692:Henry M. Jackson 7558:National Forests 7528:Steigerwald Lake 7523:San Juan Islands 7291:San Juan Islands 7231: 7230: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7184: 7183: 7160: 7154: 7147: 7140: 7133: 7126: 7119: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7091: 7084: 7077: 7070: 7063: 7056: 7049: 7042: 7035: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6986: 6979: 6972: 6965: 6958: 6951: 6944: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6916: 6909: 6902: 6895: 6888: 6881: 6874: 6867: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6839: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6776: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6638:Petrified Forest 6533:Great Sand Dunes 6453:Carlsbad Caverns 6385: 6378: 6371: 6362: 6361: 6341: 6336: 6335: 6333:Official website 6318: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6251: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6201: 6195: 6194: 6188: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6139: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6114: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5841: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5821: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5769: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5722: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5681:on April 8, 2013 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5627: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5585: 5577: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5529: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5499: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5437:. Archived from 5436: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5319: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5195: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5148: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5104: 5097: 5089: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5016: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4991:"Montane Forest" 4987: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4960: 4949: 4948: 4938: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4907: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4882: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4816: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4748: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4688: 4679: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4653: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4621: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4552: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4434: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4307: 4298: 4297: 4280:"Forbidden Peak" 4276: 4270: 4269: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4129: 4121: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4084: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4011: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3980:"North Cascades" 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3906: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3837: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3771: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3676: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3654: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3607: 3599: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3577: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3545: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3520:"Administration" 3515: 3509: 3508: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3425: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3152: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3118: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3086: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3052: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3006: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2946: 2937: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2877: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2840: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2815: 2806: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2790: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2747: 2561:nitrogen dioxide 1820: 1819: 1812: 1672:marbled murrelet 1668:peregrine falcon 1579:is listed as an 1453:diffuse knapweed 1433:mountain hemlock 1280: 1059:Mount Challenger 1020:Buckner Mountain 955:crystalline and 833:Lady of the Lake 700:preservationists 631:hydraulic mining 622:hard rock mining 306:Native Americans 284:British Columbia 276:wilderness areas 272:national forests 205: 203: 182: 181: 179: 178: 177: 172: 168: 165: 164: 163: 160: 108: 99: 98: 92: 80: 71: 70: 64: 47: 21: 20: 9484: 9483: 9479: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9474: 9473: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9407: 9371: 9362:Withrow Moraine 9298: 9284:Upright Channel 9221: 9207:Nisqually Reach 9179: 9140:Stevenson Ridge 9120:Skamokawa Creek 9115:Shipwreck Point 9040:Ellsworth Creek 8996: 8989: 8970:Upper Dry Gulch 8880:Niawiakum River 8850:Lacamas Prairie 8760:Clearwater Bogs 8720:Barker Mountain 8705:Admiralty Inlet 8691: 8628: 8489:Shine Tidelands 8404:Pleasant Harbor 8299:McMicken Island 8294:Matilda Jackson 8264:Lime Kiln Point 8254:Lewis and Clark 8204:Klickitat Trail 8199:Kitsap Memorial 8189:Kanaskat-Palmer 8129:Harstine Island 7959:Brooks Memorial 7867: 7824: 7805: 7796: 7792:Wonder Mountain 7777:Wenaha–Tucannon 7727:Mount Skokomish 7672:Daniel J. Evans 7628: 7610: 7576:Idaho Panhandle 7571:Gifford Pinchot 7552: 7518:Saddle Mountain 7429: 7401: 7374:National Trails 7368: 7350: 7308:Parks and Sites 7307: 7300: 7257: 7220: 7214:Protected areas 7211: 7181: 7176: 7162: 7161: 7155: 7148: 7141: 7134: 7127: 7120: 7113: 7106: 7099: 7092: 7085: 7078: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7050: 7043: 7036: 7029: 7022: 7015: 7008: 7001: 6994: 6987: 6980: 6973: 6966: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6938: 6931: 6924: 6917: 6910: 6903: 6896: 6889: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6847: 6840: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6791: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6742: 6735: 6728: 6717: 6623:New River Gorge 6603:Lassen Volcanic 6473:Cuyahoga Valley 6458:Channel Islands 6394: 6389: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6322: 6321: 6315: 6308: 6306: 6304:Washington Post 6296: 6292: 6282: 6280: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6245: 6235: 6233: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6182: 6181: 6174: 6172: 6162: 6158: 6148: 6146: 6141: 6140: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6116: 6115: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6054: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6008: 6003: 6002: 5998: 5988: 5986: 5974: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5938: 5936: 5931: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5909: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5892: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5872: 5870: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5842: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5778: 5776: 5771: 5770: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5731: 5729: 5728:. Weather Atlas 5724: 5723: 5719: 5709: 5707: 5699: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5611: 5609: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5565: 5555: 5553: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5501: 5500: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5441: 5434: 5428: 5424: 5414: 5412: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5370: 5368: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5341: 5340: 5333: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5312: 5305: 5295: 5293: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5251: 5249: 5246:"Grizzly Bears" 5244: 5243: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5204: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5150: 5149: 5140: 5130: 5128: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5025: 5023: 5018: 5017: 5006: 4996: 4994: 4989: 4988: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4952: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4909: 4908: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4818: 4817: 4810: 4800: 4798: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4746: 4740: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4651: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4583: 4581: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4554: 4553: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4522: 4518: 4508: 4506: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4458: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4349: 4335: 4331: 4324: 4308: 4301: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4252:"Eldorado Peak" 4250: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4147: 4143: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4115: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4085: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4035: 4034: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4013: 4012: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3908: 3907: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3824: 3822: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3802: 3800: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3780: 3778: 3773: 3772: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3727: 3724:"Accessibility" 3722: 3721: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3685: 3683: 3678: 3677: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3554: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3516: 3512: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3486: 3482: 3471: 3467: 3456: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3426: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3350: 3348: 3337: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3310: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3285: 3284: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3153: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3119: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3087: 3076: 3066: 3064: 3053: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3007: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2944: 2938: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2841: 2834: 2824: 2822: 2817: 2816: 2809: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2727: 2660: 2599: 2574: 2528: 2523: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1810: 1798: 1749: 1711:largemouth bass 1648:western tanager 1616:Argos satellite 1493: 1414:State Route 542 1401:western hemlock 1356: 1344: 1327: 1308:flowing toward 1298: 1278: 1273: 1189:Redoubt Glacier 1152: 1103: 1004: 998: 933: 925:Nooksack Rivers 866:Chilliwack Lake 841: 793: 755: 753:Park management 729:John F. Kennedy 717:Primitive Areas 680: 602: 565:Rocky Mountains 524:, and then the 485: 422:Native American 375: 370: 351:glacial retreat 324:was set at the 201: 199: 175: 173: 169: 166: 161: 158: 156: 154: 153: 112: 111: 110: 109: 106: 105: 102: 101: 100: 83: 82: 81: 78: 77: 74: 73: 72: 50: 38: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9482: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9376: 9373: 9372: 9370: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9303: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9259:Fort Ward Park 9256: 9251: 9249:Fay Bainbridge 9246: 9240: 9238: 9231: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9196: 9194:Cypress Island 9191: 9187: 9185: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9160:Washougal Oaks 9157: 9152: 9147: 9145:Table Mountain 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9020:Cypress Island 9017: 9012: 9007: 9001: 8999: 8991: 8990: 8988: 8987: 8985:Willapa Divide 8982: 8980:Whitcomb Flats 8977: 8975:Washougal Oaks 8972: 8967: 8965:The Two-Steppe 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8945:Snoqualmie Bog 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8895:Olivine Bridge 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8840:Kings Lake Bog 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8795:Dailey Prairie 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8775:Columbia Hills 8772: 8770:Columbia Falls 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8701: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8689: 8684: 8682:Tiger Mountain 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8657:Green Mountain 8654: 8649: 8644: 8638: 8636: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8609:Westport Light 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8529:Steamboat Rock 8526: 8521: 8519:Squak Mountain 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8389:Pearrygin Lake 8386: 8381: 8376: 8374:Paradise Point 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8349:Olmstead Place 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8314:Mount Pilchuck 8311: 8306: 8304:Millersylvania 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8239:Lake Wenatchee 8236: 8231: 8229:Lake Sammamish 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8184:Joseph Whidbey 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8119:Grayland Beach 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8064:Flaming Geyser 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8029:Deception Pass 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7989:Columbia Hills 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7890: 7888: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7834: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7822: 7817: 7811: 7809: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7757:Stephen Mather 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7638: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7620: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7562: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7468:Flattery Rocks 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7439: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7422: 7420:Lake Roosevelt 7417: 7411: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7378: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7366: 7364:Ebey's Landing 7360: 7358: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7310: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7288: 7278: 7267: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7250: 7248:North Cascades 7245: 7239: 7237: 7235:National Parks 7228: 7222: 7221: 7210: 7209: 7202: 7195: 7187: 7178: 7177: 7167: 7164: 7163: 7149: 7142: 7135: 7128: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7079: 7072: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6960: 6953: 6946: 6939: 6932: 6925: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6897: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6806: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6678:Virgin Islands 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6653:Rocky Mountain 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6628:North Cascades 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6408:American Samoa 6405: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6388: 6387: 6380: 6373: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6352: 6346: 6326: 6325:External links 6323: 6320: 6319: 6290: 6268: 6243: 6221: 6209:npshistory.com 6196: 6156: 6131: 6106: 6084: 6062: 6040: 6018: 5996: 5968: 5946: 5924: 5902: 5880: 5858: 5833: 5808: 5786: 5761: 5739: 5717: 5692: 5666: 5644: 5619: 5597: 5563: 5541: 5516: 5491: 5469: 5447: 5422: 5400: 5378: 5356: 5331: 5303: 5281: 5259: 5234: 5212: 5187: 5165: 5138: 5116: 5081: 5059: 5033: 5004: 4977: 4950: 4924: 4899: 4877: 4855: 4833: 4808: 4786: 4764: 4734: 4721:978-0802083753 4720: 4700: 4669: 4639: 4613: 4591: 4569: 4542: 4516: 4490: 4468: 4446: 4420: 4398: 4376: 4354: 4348:978-0899972909 4347: 4329: 4323:978-1594854309 4322: 4299: 4271: 4243: 4237:978-0898868388 4236: 4216: 4210:978-0762710867 4209: 4191: 4185:978-0762710867 4184: 4166: 4160:978-0762710867 4159: 4141: 4113: 4100:978-0898866230 4099: 4076: 4063:North Cascades 4050: 4028: 3993: 3971: 3949: 3923: 3898: 3876: 3854: 3832: 3810: 3788: 3759: 3737: 3715: 3693: 3666: 3641: 3619: 3589: 3562: 3537: 3510: 3495: 3480: 3465: 3447: 3411: 3384: 3358: 3331: 3304: 3287:"The Builders" 3275: 3253: 3230: 3208: 3195:978-0471332183 3194: 3174: 3140: 3108: 3074: 3028: 2984: 2962: 2929: 2916:978-0313331848 2915: 2895: 2869: 2856:978-1610911030 2855: 2832: 2807: 2777: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2715:Forbidden Peak 2698:Leave No Trace 2691:clean climbing 2659: 2658:Mountaineering 2656: 2598: 2595: 2573: 2570: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2374:daylight hours 2369: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2327:sunshine hours 2322: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2280:sunshine hours 2275: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1818: 1797: 1794: 1786:Copper lookout 1748: 1745: 1652:Cassin's vireo 1644:trumpeter swan 1636:harlequin duck 1551:including the 1492: 1489: 1463:Whitebark pine 1368:vascular plant 1355: 1352: 1340:Main article: 1326: 1323: 1272: 1269: 1265:Little Ice Age 1253:North Klawatti 1241:Mauri S. Pelto 1201:Snowfield Peak 1165:Boston Glacier 1151: 1148: 1102: 1101:Water features 1099: 1083:Mount Spickard 1040:Forbidden Peak 1016:Goode Mountain 1002:North Cascades 1000:Main article: 997: 994: 937:North Cascades 932: 929: 905:Goode Mountain 840: 837: 792: 789: 785:State Route 20 754: 751: 679: 676: 655:Forest Service 601: 598: 553:British Empire 549:Oregon Country 545:Treaty of 1818 518:Columbia River 514:Fort Vancouver 497:Alexander Ross 484: 481: 461:David Thompson 374: 371: 369: 366: 362:clean climbing 346:climate change 342:State Route 20 308:; by the time 235: 234: 229: 225: 224: 219: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 196: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 118: 114: 113: 103: 94: 93: 87: 86: 85: 84: 75: 66: 65: 59: 58: 57: 56: 55: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 29: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9481: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9421: 9419: 9405: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9377: 9374: 9368: 9367:Yellow Island 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9304: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9254:Fort Okanogan 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9235: 9232: 9228: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9182: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9150:Tahoma Forest 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9045:Granite Lakes 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9030:Dishman Hills 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8992: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8940:Skookum Inlet 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8915:Rocky Prairie 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8905:Point Doughty 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8865:Methow Rapids 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8845:Kitsap Forest 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8835:Kennedy Creek 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8805:Entiat Slopes 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8780:Crowberry Bog 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8745:Charley Creek 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8730:Camas Meadows 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8694: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8639: 8637: 8635: 8634:State Forests 8631: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8594:Wallace Falls 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8549:Stuart Island 8547: 8545: 8544:Stretch Point 8542: 8540: 8539:Steptoe Butte 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8499:South Whidbey 8497: 8495: 8494:Skagit Island 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8424:Rainbow Falls 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8394:Penrose Point 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8364:Palouse Falls 8362: 8360: 8359:Pacific Pines 8357: 8355: 8354:Pacific Beach 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8319:Mount Spokane 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8159:Jackson House 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8099:Fort Townsend 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8079:Fort Columbia 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8059:Fields Spring 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7969:Camano Island 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7954:Bridle Trails 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7899:Anderson Lake 7897: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7827: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7803: 7799: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7767:Trapper Creek 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7732:Noisy-Diobsud 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7722:Mount Rainier 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7702:Juniper Dunes 7700: 7698: 7697:Indian Heaven 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7647:Boulder River 7645: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7613: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7555: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7432: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7371: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7357: 7353: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7336:Nez Perce NHP 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7303: 7296: 7292: 7289: 7286: 7282: 7279: 7276: 7272: 7271:Hanford Reach 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7243:Mount Rainier 7241: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7208: 7203: 7201: 7196: 7194: 7189: 7188: 7185: 7174: 7170: 7165: 7159: 7153: 7146: 7139: 7132: 7125: 7118: 7111: 7104: 7097: 7090: 7083: 7076: 7069: 7062: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7034: 7027: 7020: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6985: 6978: 6971: 6964: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6936: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6789: 6782: 6775: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6618:Mount Rainier 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6563:Indiana Dunes 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6386: 6381: 6379: 6374: 6372: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6357: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6345: 6340: 6334: 6329: 6328: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6278: 6272: 6256: 6250: 6248: 6231: 6225: 6210: 6206: 6200: 6192: 6186: 6171: 6167: 6160: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6119: 6113: 6111: 6094: 6088: 6072: 6066: 6050: 6044: 6028: 6022: 6006: 6000: 5985: 5984: 5983:Bend Bulletin 5979: 5972: 5956: 5950: 5934: 5928: 5912: 5906: 5890: 5884: 5868: 5862: 5846: 5840: 5838: 5818: 5812: 5796: 5790: 5774: 5768: 5766: 5749: 5748:"Air Quality" 5743: 5727: 5721: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5654: 5648: 5632: 5626: 5624: 5607: 5601: 5582: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5551: 5545: 5526: 5520: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5479: 5473: 5457: 5451: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5410: 5404: 5388: 5382: 5366: 5360: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5316: 5310: 5308: 5291: 5285: 5269: 5263: 5247: 5241: 5239: 5222: 5216: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5175: 5169: 5153: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5126: 5120: 5101: 5094: 5088: 5086: 5069: 5063: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5021: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4965: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4946: 4942: 4935: 4928: 4912: 4906: 4904: 4887: 4881: 4865: 4859: 4843: 4837: 4821: 4815: 4813: 4796: 4790: 4774: 4768: 4752: 4745: 4738: 4723: 4717: 4713: 4712: 4704: 4685: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4657: 4650: 4643: 4627: 4620: 4618: 4601: 4595: 4579: 4573: 4557: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4531: 4530:Seattle Times 4527: 4520: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4478: 4472: 4456: 4450: 4431: 4424: 4408: 4402: 4386: 4380: 4364: 4358: 4350: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4325: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4228: 4220: 4212: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4187: 4181: 4177: 4170: 4162: 4156: 4152: 4145: 4126: 4120: 4118: 4102: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4083: 4081: 4064: 4060: 4054: 4038: 4032: 4016: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3981: 3975: 3959: 3953: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3911: 3905: 3903: 3886: 3880: 3864: 3858: 3842: 3836: 3820: 3814: 3798: 3792: 3776: 3775:"Trail Guide" 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3747: 3741: 3725: 3719: 3703: 3697: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3651: 3645: 3629: 3623: 3604: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3574: 3573: 3566: 3550: 3544: 3542: 3525: 3521: 3514: 3506: 3499: 3492:. p. 45. 3491: 3484: 3476: 3469: 3461: 3454: 3452: 3435: 3431: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3346: 3342: 3335: 3319: 3315: 3308: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3280: 3263: 3257: 3241: 3234: 3218: 3212: 3197: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3178: 3162: 3158: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3096: 3092: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3062: 3058: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3016: 3012: 3011:"The Indians" 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2972: 2966: 2950: 2943: 2936: 2934: 2918: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2899: 2883: 2876: 2874: 2858: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2839: 2837: 2820: 2814: 2812: 2804: 2787: 2781: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711:Mount Despair 2708: 2707:Sinister Peak 2704: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2671: 2670: 2664: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2636:Mount Triumph 2633: 2632:Picket Ranges 2629: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2580:Mount Shuksan 2578: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2532: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278:Mean monthly 2276: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2154: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2085: 2084:precipitation 2080: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1806: 1803: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774:fire lookouts 1771: 1765: 1761: 1753: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1715:longnose dace 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1656:pine grosbeak 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1617: 1612: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1592: 1590: 1587:is listed as 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1557:bighorn sheep 1554: 1553:mountain goat 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1497: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1423: 1422:bigleaf maple 1419: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1390: 1389: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1351: 1349: 1343: 1336: 1335:Mount Triumph 1331: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1276: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237:glaciologists 1233: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1212: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1193:Mount Redoubt 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1177:Mount Shuksan 1174: 1170: 1169:East Nooksack 1166: 1156: 1147: 1145: 1140: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1127:Thunder Creek 1124: 1123:glacial flour 1120: 1111: 1107: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1091:Mount Shuksan 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079:Mount Redoubt 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1036:Eldorado Peak 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1008: 1003: 993: 989: 987: 982: 978: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 941:Cascade Range 938: 928: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 901: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 858: 854: 845: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 813: 811: 807: 797: 788: 786: 780: 778: 769: 763: 762:Mount Triumph 759: 750: 748: 743: 739: 735: 734:national park 730: 725: 720: 718: 712: 710: 706: 701: 698:in 1890, led 697: 694:in 1872, and 693: 684: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 656: 652: 648: 644: 638: 634: 632: 628: 623: 619: 615: 614:placer mining 606: 597: 595: 591: 590:Eldorado Peak 587: 581: 579: 574: 573:Oregon Treaty 570: 566: 562: 561:49th parallel 558: 554: 550: 546: 541: 538: 533: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 506: 505:Fort Okanogan 502: 498: 489: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 453: 451: 447: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 423: 414: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 383:Paleo-Indians 380: 368:Human history 365: 363: 359: 354: 352: 347: 343: 339: 334: 332: 327: 326:49th parallel 323: 319: 315: 314:Skagit tribes 311: 307: 304: 299: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 278:, as well as 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 233: 230: 226: 223: 220: 216: 212: 208: 197: 193: 189: 185: 180: 152: 148: 145: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 119: 115: 91: 63: 53: 46: 41: 36: 35:national park 32: 31:IUCN category 27: 22: 19: 9327:Goose Island 9279:Skull Island 9202:Maury Island 9190:Cherry Point 9105:Queets River 9090:Morning Star 9080:Merrill Lake 9075:Lummi Island 9010:Cattle Point 8930:Selah Cliffs 8875:Monte Cristo 8810:Goose Island 8800:Davis Canyon 8735:Carlisle Bog 8710:Badger Gulch 8589:Twin Harbors 8554:Sucia Island 8504:Spencer Spit 8469:Scenic Beach 8459:Saint Edward 8409:Posey Island 8379:Patos Island 8289:Matia Island 8269:Lincoln Rock 8194:Kinney Point 8179:Jones Island 8174:Joemma Beach 8169:Jarrell Cove 8164:James Island 8089:Fort Flagler 8049:Eagle Island 8044:Doug's Beach 8014:Cutts Island 7984:Clark Island 7944:Bottle Beach 7934:Blind Island 7929:Blake Island 7863:White Salmon 7747:Salmo-Priest 7682:Glacier View 7677:Glacier Peak 7652:The Brothers 7642:Alpine Lakes 7478:Grays Harbor 7247: 6627: 6608:Mammoth Cave 6593:Kobuk Valley 6588:Kings Canyon 6583:Kenai Fjords 6518:Grand Canyon 6503:Gateway Arch 6488:Dry Tortugas 6478:Death Valley 6448:Capitol Reef 6438:Bryce Canyon 6307:. Retrieved 6303: 6293: 6281:. Retrieved 6271: 6259:. Retrieved 6234:. Retrieved 6224: 6212:. Retrieved 6208: 6199: 6173:. Retrieved 6169: 6159: 6147:. Retrieved 6122:. Retrieved 6097:. Retrieved 6087: 6075:. Retrieved 6065: 6053:. Retrieved 6043: 6031:. Retrieved 6021: 6009:. Retrieved 5999: 5987:. Retrieved 5981: 5971: 5959:. Retrieved 5949: 5937:. Retrieved 5927: 5915:. Retrieved 5905: 5893:. Retrieved 5883: 5871:. Retrieved 5861: 5849:. Retrieved 5824:. Retrieved 5811: 5799:. Retrieved 5789: 5777:. Retrieved 5752:. Retrieved 5742: 5730:. Retrieved 5720: 5708:. Retrieved 5704: 5695: 5683:. Retrieved 5679:the original 5669: 5657:. Retrieved 5647: 5635:. Retrieved 5610:. Retrieved 5600: 5588:. Retrieved 5554:. Retrieved 5544: 5532:. Retrieved 5519: 5507:. Retrieved 5482:. Retrieved 5478:"Amphibians" 5472: 5460:. Retrieved 5450: 5439:the original 5425: 5413:. Retrieved 5403: 5391:. Retrieved 5381: 5369:. Retrieved 5359: 5347:. Retrieved 5322:. Retrieved 5315:"Wolverines" 5294:. Retrieved 5284: 5272:. Retrieved 5262: 5250:. Retrieved 5225:. Retrieved 5215: 5203:. Retrieved 5178:. Retrieved 5168: 5156:. Retrieved 5129:. Retrieved 5119: 5107:. Retrieved 5100:the original 5072:. Retrieved 5062: 5050:. Retrieved 5045: 5036: 5024:. Retrieved 4995:. Retrieved 4968:. Retrieved 4964:"Life Zones" 4940: 4927: 4915:. Retrieved 4890:. Retrieved 4880: 4868:. Retrieved 4858: 4846:. Retrieved 4836: 4824:. Retrieved 4799:. Retrieved 4789: 4777:. Retrieved 4767: 4755:. Retrieved 4750: 4737: 4725:. Retrieved 4710: 4703: 4691:. Retrieved 4660:. Retrieved 4655: 4642: 4630:. Retrieved 4604:. Retrieved 4594: 4582:. Retrieved 4572: 4560:. Retrieved 4533:. Retrieved 4529: 4519: 4507:. Retrieved 4503: 4493: 4481:. Retrieved 4471: 4459:. Retrieved 4449: 4437:. Retrieved 4423: 4411:. Retrieved 4401: 4389:. Retrieved 4379: 4367:. Retrieved 4357: 4338: 4332: 4312: 4283: 4274: 4255: 4246: 4226: 4219: 4200: 4194: 4175: 4169: 4150: 4144: 4132:. Retrieved 4104:. Retrieved 4089: 4067:. 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Retrieved 2948: 2920:. Retrieved 2905: 2898: 2886:. Retrieved 2860:. Retrieved 2845: 2823:. Retrieved 2793:. Retrieved 2780: 2768:. Retrieved 2754: 2745: 2695: 2675: 2667: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2615:Cascade Pass 2613:often visit 2608: 2583: 2566: 2551: 2537: 2086:inches (mm) 1815: 1807: 1799: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1742: 1730:western toad 1719: 1676: 1664:sooty grouse 1621: 1609: 1593: 1585:grizzly bear 1583:, while the 1569:hoary marmot 1539:such as the 1502: 1461: 1449:exotic plant 1446: 1426: 1394: 1386: 1360:fire ecology 1357: 1345: 1306:Skagit River 1274: 1234: 1217: 1197:Neve Glacier 1161: 1135: 1116: 1104: 1075:Phantom Peak 1067:Mount Terror 1051:Skagit Range 1047:Picket Range 1044: 1013: 990: 965: 934: 902: 850: 832: 814: 803: 781: 774: 724:Bob Marshall 721: 713: 689: 641:In 1897 the 639: 635: 611: 582: 542: 534: 530: 494: 454: 419: 407:Cascade Pass 403:Skagit River 376: 364:is allowed. 355: 335: 320:. After the 303:Paleo-Indian 300: 296:biodiversity 256:Skagit River 239: 238: 18: 9264:Griffin Bay 9244:Damon Point 9198:Fidalgo Bay 9175:Woodard Bay 9155:Teal Slough 9130:South Nolan 9125:South Nemah 9065:Lake Louise 9025:Devils Lake 8920:Sand Island 8870:Mima Mounds 8740:Castle Rock 8687:Yacolt Burn 8574:Turn Island 8569:Triton Cove 8434:Reed Island 8324:Mystery Bay 8274:Lyons Ferry 8234:Lake Sylvia 8219:Lake Easton 8214:Lake Chelan 8104:Fort Worden 8094:Fort Simcoe 8039:Dosewallips 8009:Curlew Lake 7914:Beacon Rock 7886:State Parks 7717:Mount Baker 7712:Mount Adams 7667:Colonel Bob 7624:Mount Baker 7453:Conboy Lake 7415:Lake Chelan 6703:Yellowstone 6688:White Sands 6573:Joshua Tree 6568:Isle Royale 6558:Hot Springs 6528:Great Basin 6523:Grand Teton 6513:Glacier Bay 6468:Crater Lake 6443:Canyonlands 6348:Education: 6230:"Bicycling" 4711:Glacier Ice 2703:Fred Beckey 2640:Boston Peak 2611:backpackers 2609:Hikers and 2572:Attractions 2372:Mean daily 2325:Mean daily 1802:rain shadow 1707:brook trout 1630:as well as 1529:river otter 1409:Douglas fir 1318:Mount Baker 1310:Puget Sound 1245:Noisy Creek 1229:Austin Post 1139:Baker River 1131:Diablo Lake 1032:Boston Peak 1024:Mount Logan 878:Mount Baker 806:Marblemount 709:US Congress 705:Lake Chelan 633:operation. 457:Nlaka'pamux 446:totem poles 437:shed-styles 429:Puget Sound 399:microblades 387:Puget Sound 195:Established 174: / 162:121°20′51″W 150:Coordinates 9418:Categories 9050:Hat Island 8960:Trout Lake 8725:Bone River 8652:Elbe Hills 8524:Squilchuck 8484:Sequim Bay 8384:Peace Arch 8339:Ocean City 8279:Manchester 8154:Iron Horse 8144:Ike Kinswa 8074:Fort Casey 8034:Doe Island 8024:Dash Point 7999:Conconully 7964:Cama Beach 7949:Bridgeport 7858:Snoqualmie 7737:Norse Peak 7687:Goat Rocks 7662:Clearwater 7513:Ridgefield 7473:Franz Lake 7218:Washington 6668:Shenandoah 6613:Mesa Verde 6598:Lake Clark 6493:Everglades 6255:"Climbing" 6214:August 23, 6175:August 23, 2737:References 1782:Desolation 1628:bald eagle 1611:Wolverines 1589:threatened 1533:black bear 1507:including 1505:carnivores 1223:sponsored 1181:McAllister 1144:Chilliwack 1095:Baker Lake 1071:Ghost Peak 1055:Mount Fury 1028:Black Peak 917:headwaters 913:life zones 864:adjoining 618:Ruby Creek 358:wilderness 338:avalanches 248:Washington 202:1968-10-02 159:48°49′58″N 133:Washington 131:counties, 9294:Westhaven 9035:Elk River 8900:Pinecroft 8890:Oak Patch 8885:North Bay 8790:Dabob Bay 8715:Bald Hill 8667:Loup Loup 8464:Saltwater 8449:Sacajawea 8439:Riverside 8209:Kopachuck 8084:Fort Ebey 7939:Bogachiel 7924:Birch Bay 7894:Alta Lake 7843:Klickitat 7606:Wenatchee 7533:Toppenish 7463:Dungeness 7425:Ross Lake 7173:elevation 6693:Wind Cave 6683:Voyageurs 6643:Pinnacles 6548:Haleakalā 6283:March 30, 6261:March 30, 6236:March 30, 6149:March 30, 6124:March 30, 6099:March 30, 6093:"Camping" 6033:March 30, 6011:April 12, 5939:April 12, 5826:March 23, 5779:March 27, 5754:March 27, 5685:March 28, 5659:April 12, 5637:March 29, 5631:"Weather" 5556:March 22, 5534:March 22, 5509:March 22, 5503:"Animals" 5484:March 22, 5462:March 22, 5415:March 22, 5393:March 22, 5371:March 22, 5349:March 22, 5274:April 11, 5252:March 22, 5180:March 22, 5174:"Mammals" 5131:March 29, 5074:March 23, 5068:"Grasses" 5026:March 29, 4997:March 23, 4970:March 23, 4917:March 22, 4892:March 22, 4870:March 22, 4826:March 30, 4801:March 28, 4779:March 30, 4757:March 30, 4727:March 30, 4662:March 30, 4632:March 29, 4606:March 26, 4584:March 30, 4562:March 26, 4461:March 26, 4413:March 26, 4369:March 30, 4134:March 30, 4106:March 30, 4043:March 30, 3986:March 29, 3964:March 29, 3942:March 29, 3916:March 29, 3891:March 29, 3869:March 29, 3847:March 29, 3825:March 29, 3803:March 29, 3781:March 29, 3708:March 30, 3686:March 30, 3659:April 11, 3628:"History" 3612:March 29, 3582:March 29, 3555:March 29, 3530:March 29, 3440:March 29, 3404:March 29, 3351:March 29, 3324:March 29, 3297:March 29, 3268:March 29, 3246:March 29, 3167:March 29, 3133:March 29, 3101:March 18, 3067:March 29, 3021:March 29, 2977:March 29, 2955:March 29, 2862:March 29, 2825:March 23, 2795:March 29, 2770:March 29, 2206:dew point 1778:Sourdough 1577:grey wolf 1563:like the 1437:subalpine 1418:red alder 1405:red cedar 1348:ecosystem 1302:Ross Lake 1119:meltwater 1087:Mox Peaks 996:Mountains 909:sea level 839:Geography 516:, on the 318:fur trade 9384:Category 9095:Mount Si 8825:Ink Blot 8677:Teanaway 8479:Seaquest 8444:Rockport 8419:Potlatch 8414:Potholes 8284:Maryhill 8244:Larrabee 8004:Crawford 7909:Bay View 7782:Wild Sky 7752:San Juan 7742:Pasayten 7657:Buckhorn 7601:Umatilla 7566:Colville 7543:Umatilla 7538:Turnbull 7448:Columbia 6708:Yosemite 6463:Congaree 6428:Biscayne 6423:Big Bend 6418:Badlands 6309:April 5, 6185:cite web 6077:June 20, 6055:June 20, 6027:"Hiking" 5989:June 20, 5961:June 20, 5895:June 19, 5851:June 20, 5801:June 28, 5710:July 15, 5612:April 3, 5590:April 3, 5227:June 28, 5158:June 29, 5109:June 28, 4911:"Plants" 4864:"Nature" 4848:June 27, 4693:June 22, 4535:July 18, 4509:July 18, 4483:June 13, 4439:July 18, 4391:April 5, 4069:June 22, 4021:June 22, 3752:April 4, 3730:April 4, 3262:"Miners" 3240:"Mining" 2888:June 27, 2725:See also 2466:Average 2419:Percent 2320:1,922.8 2208:°F (°C) 2204:Average 2156:Average 2151:(1,596) 2082:Average 1776:such as 1724:and the 1685:(king), 1312:and the 1239:such as 1150:Glaciers 986:Holocene 981:granitic 977:basaltic 968:terranes 961:Devonian 953:Mesozoic 949:Holocene 945:Tertiary 921:Stehekin 825:Stehekin 817:Winthrop 810:Newhalem 668:Ross Dam 477:smallpox 473:Wenatchi 469:Okanogan 450:potlatch 210:Visitors 117:Location 9404:Commons 9389:Seattle 9289:Wenberg 9005:Ashford 8647:Capitol 8642:Ahtanum 8474:Schafer 8344:Olallie 8149:Illahee 7919:Belfair 7838:Illabot 7762:Tatoosh 7596:Olympic 7581:Kaniksu 7548:Willapa 7458:Copalis 7253:Olympic 7226:Federal 6663:Sequoia 6658:Saguaro 6648:Redwood 6633:Olympic 6508:Glacier 6342:of the 5917:May 22, 5873:May 22, 5732:May 30, 5343:"Birds" 5324:May 15, 5296:May 15, 5205:May 15, 5052:June 6, 4943:(197). 3634:May 21, 3377:May 18, 3223:May 26, 3201:July 4, 2922:July 4, 2586:Seattle 2553:Mercury 2268:(−0.4) 2218:(−0.6) 2213:(−0.4) 2072:(−0.6) 2052:(11.6) 2047:(11.4) 2022:(−0.3) 2017:(−0.3) 1987:(15.1) 1982:(18.3) 1977:(18.1) 1972:(15.3) 1967:(12.6) 1937:(14.5) 1922:(14.0) 1917:(21.3) 1912:(25.2) 1907:(24.8) 1902:(21.1) 1897:(18.5) 1892:(14.3) 1887:(10.6) 1796:Climate 1699:rainbow 1687:sockeye 1683:chinook 1561:rodents 1325:Ecology 931:Geology 853:Whatcom 649:to the 425:Skagits 228:Website 200: ( 121:Whatcom 9135:Stavis 9070:Loomis 8672:Tahuya 8662:Loomis 8579:Twanoh 8564:Tolmie 8019:Daroga 7853:Skagit 7498:Pierce 7493:McNary 6578:Katmai 6483:Denali 6413:Arches 6403:Acadia 5387:"Fish" 4718: 4345: 4320: 4234: 4207: 4182: 4157: 4097: 3192: 2913: 2853: 2789:(XLSX) 2683:chocks 2679:pitons 2311:155.0 2308:180.0 2305:248.0 2302:279.0 2299:240.0 2296:217.0 2293:180.0 2290:155.0 2273:(2.9) 2263:(2.2) 2258:(2.2) 2253:(5.2) 2248:(7.4) 2243:(7.6) 2238:(6.4) 2233:(3.9) 2228:(1.1) 2223:(0.6) 2146:(209) 2141:(266) 2136:(195) 2106:(102) 2101:(142) 2096:(156) 2091:(248) 2077:(4.9) 2067:(2.1) 2062:(5.3) 2057:(8.8) 2042:(9.6) 2037:(6.7) 2032:(3.6) 2027:(1.4) 2007:(9.7) 2002:(1.8) 1997:(4.9) 1992:(9.7) 1962:(8.9) 1957:(6.0) 1952:(3.4) 1947:(2.3) 1932:(4.2) 1927:(7.7) 1882:(7.1) 1877:(4.9) 1828:Month 1811: 1772:, and 1666:. The 1624:golden 1565:beaver 1549:bovids 1521:cougar 1513:bobcat 1509:coyote 1441:alpine 1249:Silver 1203:, and 896:. The 861:Chelan 859:, and 857:Skagit 821:Chelan 791:Access 653:. 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