607:. At this time, the two Italian films were combined into a single film with English subtitles. Certain subplots were cut to get the films down from four hours to a more manageable three-hour run-time. The film was edited to be more faithful to Rand's original novel, and during this time, they also rid the films of Fascist propaganda, which was a distortion of Rand's message. This new version produced by the Holzers and Duncan Scott and was approved by Rand and her estate. It was re-released as
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demanded the films be pulled from theaters and withdrawn from circulation. Furthermore, the films were ordered to be destroyed. In an attempt to save the films, Massimo
Ferrara, the studio chief for Scalera Films, hid the original negatives with a trusted friend, then sent the negatives of another Scalera production to authorities to be destroyed.
538:
451:
The studio never secured the movie rights from Rand, who at the time lived in the United States. Europe was at war, and the
Fascist Ministry of Culture set up special laws with regards to negotiations for rights and copyrights with enemy countries, making it impossible to buy the rights. The film was
565:
and was directly critical of that regime. Rand was later told that the films were "released in Italy, played for two months with great success - and then the
Italian newspapers began objecting to it and saying that it was anti-Fascist, which it was, essentially." Consequently, the Fascist government
455:
The first script was adapted from the book by two
Italian novelists, but director Alessandrini abandoned their script. He and his assistant decided to make the picture without a finished script. The script was often written the day before filming or pulled directly from the novel, resulting in an
442:
movement that was to follow the end of the war. Although, initially, his films were influenced by his brief stay in
Hollywood in the early 1930s for MGM Studios, he successfully made the transition from musical comedies to historical dramas and ideological propaganda films when the tide of war
591:
and Henry Mark Holzer, went to Italy to find negatives for the films. The search ended in the summer of 1968 when it was discovered that a business entity that owned dozens of vintage
Italian films had obtained the original films. The Holzers brought a copy back to the United States.
574:
Rand learned about the unauthorized adaptation of her novel in 1946. She saw the adaptation for the first time in 1947. Rand liked and was impressed by the films, but she resented the use of her story for
Fascist propaganda and the addition of pro-Fascist and
549:. When the movie opened in Rome, it was a box-office success. The portrayal of an intelligent, sexually independent heroine was viewed as controversial. Shortly after its theatrical release, the Italian Government banned the film for reasons mentioned below.
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in
Colorado in 1986 — the first public showing of the film outside of Italy since World War II. Soon after, it was released in theaters throughout the US, Canada, and overseas. Today, a two-disc DVD of the film is sold by Duncan Scott Productions.
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dialogue. Initial efforts to re-release the film with Rand's approval were ended when she declined to grant the literary rights. In 1961, Rand settled her legal claims for damages from the adaptation and received a payment of 14 million
417:
was made in Italy by
Scalera Films in 1942. Rand's novel was considered a political hot potato by Fascist authorities in Rome, but was approved for filming due to the intervention of dictator Benito Mussolini's son.
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Working without a complete script, they were inadvertently shooting more material than could be edited down to one film, so it was decided that the film would be released as two separate movies entitled,
302:
government and pulled from theaters. The film was lost and forgotten for decades, then found and restored with Rand's involvement. It was released for the first time in the United States in 1986.
504:
from Russia living in Rome, and production designers were also born in Russia. Due to the difficulty in securing location permits during the war, the film was shot on
Scalera sound stages.
500:
was made in 1942, Brazzi was already among the highest paid Italian film stars, and at age 21, Alida Valli was also one of Italy's highest paid actresses. Many of the extras were
1054:. Dir. Goffredo Alessandrini. Perf. Alida Valli, Rosanno Brassi, Fosco Giachetti. Scalera, 1942. Restoration producers Erika and Henry Holzer, Duncan Scott, 1986. Film.
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appeared in the film as an extra. Ironically, in spite of the film's anti-Communist subject matter, Vallone was actually an ardent leftist and member of the banned
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touched on volatile political issues, but they hoped they would be safe from repercussions because of the story's negative portrayal of the
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Prior to the films' release, they were nearly censored by Mussolini's government. Government officials demanded to see the film
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anti-authoritarian film was made and released in Italy during World War II, before being banned by the
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made without the novelist's consent or knowledge, and no attempt was later made to compensate her.
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Cast in the leading roles were three of Italy's top box-offices attractions: 38-year-old
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adaptation that was more faithful to the novel than is typical in film adaptations.
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698:"The Banned, Lost, Rediscovered: Ayn Rand's We the Living Lives On"
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757:"Raf Vallone, Rugged Star Of Italian Films, Dies at 86"
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942:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.
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545:On September 14, 1942, the film premiered at the
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682:We the Living DVD, Bonus Feature "Lost Treasure"
599:began working with Rand on re-editing the films
1029:Rand, Ayn (1995). Berliner, Michael S. (ed.).
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259:. It was originally released as two films,
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1196:Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology
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1941:Films directed by Goffredo Alessandrini
991:100 Voices: An Oral History of Ayn Rand
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357:Elvira Betrone as Maria Petrovna Dunaev
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972:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
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271:("Goodbye Kira"). It was directed by
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995:. New York: New American Library.
968:Essays on Ayn Rand's We the Living
354:Annibale Betrone as Vassili Dunaev
342:Cesarina Gheraldi as Comrade Sonia
294:The nominally anti-communist, but
25:
1977:
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443:changed the focus of filmmaking.
1946:Films scored by Renzo Rossellini
1926:Films based on works by Ayn Rand
1774:Caravaggio, il pittore maledetto
363:Claudia Marti as Lydia Argounova
265:(literally "We the living") and
1588:Ayn Rand and the World She Made
1560:The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies
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375:Lamberto Picasso as GPU Captain
351:Gero Zambuto as Alexei Argounov
1921:Films based on American novels
1533:Objectivism and libertarianism
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755:Martin, Douglas (2002-11-02).
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403:Director Goffredo Alessandrini
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1936:Films about Soviet repression
1916:Italian black-and-white films
1602:Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical
1538:Objectivism and homosexuality
1231:Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal
1014:. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith.
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1931:Italian romantic drama films
1906:1940s Italian-language films
1846:The Daughter of the Regiment
1111:
964:". In Mayhew, Robert (ed.).
384:Bianca Doria as Irina Dunaev
369:as Galina Petrovna Argounova
7:
1966:Unofficial film adaptations
345:Mario Pisu as Victor Dunaev
189:14 September 1942
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1961:Rediscovered Italian films
1726:A Woman Between Two Worlds
381:Gioia Collei as Ada Dunaev
378:Sennuccio Benelli as Sasha
348:Guglielmo Sinaz as Morozov
1896:1942 romantic drama films
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1188:For the New Intellectual
1010:Paxton, Michael (1998).
210:172 minutes (re-release)
1638:The Passion of Ayn Rand
1630:The Passion of Ayn Rand
1571:Objectivist periodicals
940:The Passion of Ayn Rand
731:"Obituary: Raf Vallone"
620:Telluride Film Festival
570:Revision and re-release
513:Italian Communist Party
360:Sylvia Manto as Marisha
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287:as Leo Kovalensky, and
1239:The Romantic Manifesto
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1742:Luciano Serra, Pilot
1702:The Private Secretary
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1317:Night of January 16th
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1566:Objectivist movement
1368:Journals of Ayn Rand
1037:. New York: Dutton.
595:Shortly thereafter,
547:Venice Film Festival
480:Casting and shooting
407:The film version of
44:Original film poster
1956:Films shot in Italy
1901:1940s Italian films
1360:Letters of Ayn Rand
1033:Letters of Ayn Rand
901:, pp. 424, 426
889:, pp. 196, 281
877:, pp. 422, 428
838:, pp. 173–174.
614:The new version of
507:Future leading man
424:Anton Giulio Majano
291:as Andrei Taganov.
283:as Kira Argounova,
139:Giuseppe Caracciolo
75:Anton Giulio Majano
1352:The Early Ayn Rand
1204:The Art of Fiction
1074:Official Site for
960:(2004). "Adapting
761:The New York Times
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447:Rights and writing
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618:premiered at the
527:Brigate Garibaldi
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327:as Andrei Taganov
321:as Leo Kovalensky
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1052:We the Living
1050:
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962:We the Living
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864:
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563:Soviet Russia
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502:White emigres
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498:We the Living
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367:Evelina Paoli
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60:Screenplay by
58:
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1623:Judgment Day
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1543:Randian hero
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1121:Bibliography
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772:. Retrieved
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739:. Retrieved
737:. 2002-11-01
735:the Guardian
734:
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701:. Retrieved
659:. Retrieved
649:
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597:Duncan Scott
594:
589:Erika Holzer
586:
582:Italian lire
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474:Goodbye Kira
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426:, knew that
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295:
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279:, and stars
277:Scalera Film
267:
266:
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233:
232:
231:
206:Running time
197: (Italy)
182:Release date
174:Scalera Film
95:
71:Orio Vergani
1869:Mate Cosido
1806:Addio Kira!
1528:Objectivism
1413:Adaptations
1309:Stage plays
1266:Screenplays
932:Works cited
911:Paxton 1998
577:antisemitic
509:Raf Vallone
490:Alida Valli
440:Neo-Realist
333:as Tishenko
313:Alida Valli
281:Alida Valli
251:, based on
116:Alida Valli
50:Directed by
1891:1942 films
1885:Categories
1838:Red Shirts
1710:Seconda B
1580:Depictions
1521:Philosophy
1395:characters
1379:Characters
774:2022-03-03
741:2022-03-03
703:16 October
661:16 October
627:References
605:Addio Kira
553:Censorship
470:Addio Kira
395:Background
390:Production
268:Addio Kira
249:drama film
193:1942-09-14
166:Production
1750:The Widow
1718:Don Bosco
1552:Influence
1400:John Galt
887:Rand 1995
824:Rand 1995
800:Rand 1995
788:Rand 1995
769:0362-4331
718:Rand 1995
611:in 1986.
541:DVD cover
411:'s novel
145:Edited by
1790:Giarabub
1479:Part III
1476:(2012),
1470:(2011),
1391:List of
1274:Red Pawn
1113:Ayn Rand
601:Noi Vivi
462:Noi Vivi
409:Ayn Rand
296:de facto
262:Noi vivi
255:'s 1936
253:Ayn Rand
243:romantic
239:two-part
223:Language
155:Music by
109:Starring
103:Ayn Rand
92:Based on
18:Noi Vivi
1822:Rapture
1734:Cavalry
1473:Part II
1452:Gawaahi
559:dailies
518:L'Unità
300:Fascist
226:Italian
215:Country
191: (
168:company
1871:(1962)
1865:(1957)
1857:(1954)
1849:(1953)
1841:(1952)
1833:(1951)
1825:(1950)
1817:(1947)
1809:(1942)
1801:(1942)
1793:(1942)
1785:(1941)
1777:(1941)
1769:(1940)
1761:(1939)
1753:(1939)
1745:(1938)
1737:(1936)
1729:(1936)
1721:(1935)
1713:(1934)
1705:(1931)
1641:(film)
1633:(book)
1509:(2014)
1501:(1940)
1482:(2014)
1467:Part I
1455:(1989)
1447:(1949)
1439:(1942)
1431:(1941)
1420:Screen
1371:(1997)
1363:(1995)
1355:(1984)
1336:(1940)
1328:(1934)
1320:(1934)
1301:(1949)
1293:(1945)
1285:(1945)
1277:(1932)
1258:(1982)
1250:(1971)
1242:(1969)
1234:(1966)
1226:(1964)
1207:(2000)
1199:(1979)
1191:(1961)
1172:(2015)
1164:(1957)
1156:(1943)
1148:(1938)
1145:Anthem
1140:(1936)
1129:Novels
1069:(1986)
1041:
1018:
999:
976:
946:
767:
468:) and
1830:Amina
1490:Stage
1325:Ideal
1169:Ideal
237:is a
218:Italy
1814:Fury
1039:ISBN
1016:ISBN
997:ISBN
974:ISBN
944:ISBN
765:ISSN
705:2013
663:2013
603:and
306:Cast
476:).
246:war
101:by
1887::
1464::
843:^
763:.
759:.
733:.
687:^
671:^
634:^
584:.
1681:e
1674:t
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982:.
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665:.
472:(
464:(
195:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
