742:
1439:
1430:
2770:
2576:
2507:
2132:
604:
4113:
1685:
1676:
4124:
4131:
5525:
815:, which were oval in cross-section. The crowns were distinct in having prominent ridges on the margins of their midline and sides. The teeth in the lower jaw may have been 20â30% smaller than those in the upper jaw, but few are known, and they are of uncertain maturity. Apart from this, the teeth were identical. Under each active tooth there was a column of nine replacement teeth within the jaw. With 68 columns in the upper jaws and 60 columns in the lower jaws, these so-called dental batteries (also present in
6257:
128:
1539:
7492:
1019:
7486:
5530:
801:
4987:
530:
870:
7481:
4979:
7475:
6249:
4999:
1011:
4119:
110:
4993:
6265:
1499:
move the body, as well as the heat generated in the process. Since several rebbachisaurids inhabited latitudes that would have been tropical to subtropical in the Middle
Cretaceous, this pneumaticity may have helped the animals cope with the very high temperatures. According to Ibiricu and colleagues, this adaptation may be a reason why rebbachisaurids were the only group of diplodocoids that survived into the Late Cretaceous.
853:, which contained the teeth, and the back ramus, which was more lightweight and was the location for most of the muscle attachments. It was distinct in that the tooth row expanded to the sides from the plane of the main ramus of the lower jaw. The jaws also contained several fenestrae, including five that are not present in other sauropods. The front ends of the jaws had grooves that indicate the presence of a
1769:
1510:, the first such study of a sauropod. Virtual sections of the limb bones sampled from individuals of different sizes were explored to determine the range of variation. Heavy-weight bearing animals often have features associated with this condition, affecting the inner structure of the limb bones, but the variation between such bones is poorly known. While other heavy animals examined (such as
1760:
horizontally in the resting pose as inferred. The authors therefore cautioned against using semicircular canals as proxy to infer the precise orientation of skulls. They found that diet correlated strongly with semicircular canal orientation, but not with head posture, while head posture and semicircular canal orientation were strongly correlated with phylogeny.
764:. The total area of bone connecting the muzzle to the back of the skull was only 1.0 cm (0.16 sq in). These connecting struts of bones were usually less than 2 mm (0.08 in) thick. Despite this, the skull was resistant to the sustained shearing of the teeth. Another unique trait it had among sauropodomorphs was a closed
1752:
argued that the orientation of the semicircular canals varies significantly within modern species, and is therefore not reliable for determining head posture. This was supported by the
Spanish palaeontologist JesĂșs MarugĂĄn-LobĂłn and colleagues in a 2013 study that suggested the methods used by Sereno's team were imprecise, and that
561:) of the skull and skeleton, in turn causing disarticulation of the fossils. Some of the skull fossils were so thin that a strong light beam was visible through them. Therefore, no intact skulls or articulated skeletons have been found, and these specimens represent the most complete known rebbachisaurid remains.
1759:
In 2020, the French palaeontologist Julien Benoit and colleagues tested lateral semicircular canal correlation to head posture on modern mammals, and found that while there was significant correlation between the reconstructed and actual head postures, the plane of the semicircular canal was not held
1577:
crowns, which suggests that jaw movement was limited to precise up-and-down motions. Worn teeth from the lower jaw have not yet been discovered, but they are expected to show opposing tooth-to-tooth wear. The ability to raise their heads well above the ground does not necessarily mean they browsed on
1498:
In 2017, the
Argentinian palaeontologist Lucio M. Ibiricu and colleagues examined the postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in the skeletons of rebbachisaurids, and suggested that it was an adaptation for lowering the density of the skeleton, and that this could have decreased the muscle energy needed to
792:
rotated, its normal rear 90° everted towards the front. This was matched by an identical rotation of the dentary of the lower jaw. This transverse orientation of the upper and lower tooth rows was unique to the dinosaur. Due to this configuration, no other tetrapod had all of its teeth located as far
1751:
was able to feed with the downturned head and neck posture proposed by the 2007 study, but contested that this was the habitual posture of the animal. The study noted that the "neutral" head and neck posture of modern animals does not necessarily correspond to their habitual head posture. It further
930:
bones were very thin also, often only several millimetres thick. It had a prominent rugosity (a roughly wrinkled area) on the midline aspect of the scapular blade's base, a distinguishing feature. Like other sauropods, its limbs were robust, contrasting with the extremely lightweight construction of
492:
was probably a browser, and fed with its head close to the ground. The region of its brain that detected smell was underdeveloped, although its brain size was comparable to that of other dinosaurs. There has been debate on whether its head was habitually held downwards, or horizontally like other
1739:
at the back of the skull and cervical vertebrae would have limited the upward and downward movement of the neck and the rotation of the skull. Based on this biomechanical analysis, the team concluded that the head and muzzle were habitually oriented 67° downwards and close to ground level, as an
1601:
is estimated to have had one of the weakest bites of the sauropods. In addition, according to
Whitlock and colleagues in 2011, the small, nearly parallel nature of the tooth scratches and pits (caused by grit, which would not be obtained as often by high-browsers) indicate that it ate relatively
615:
provided the first detailed description of the skull and feeding adaptations in 2005. In 2007, a more detailed description of the skeleton was published by Sereno ad colleagues, based on a specimen discovered ten years earlier. The fossils, along with a reconstructed skeleton mount and a plastic
1494:
were placed further towards the top of the skull than in most other sauropods, above the muzzle, which would give it overlapping fields of view. Its visual field would have been at or close to 360 degrees, and hypersensitivity of movement would have been important to a vulnerable prey-animal.
1406:. They found that nigersaurines were restricted to North Africa and Europe, and that Limaysaurinae was strictly known from Argentina. The same year, the Brazilian palaeontologist Rafael Matos Lindoso and colleagues used the name Nigersaurinae following Mannion's recommendation, and found
768:. The nasal openings, the bony nostrils, were elongated. Though the nasal bones are not completely known, it appears the front margin of the bony nostril was closer to the snout than in other diplodocoids. The snout was also proportionately shorter, and the tooth row was not at all
955:, but in 1999 Sereno and colleagues reclassified it as a rebbachisaurid diplodocoid. These researchers speculated that since short necks and small size was known among basal diplodocoids, it may indicate these were ancestral features of the group. Rebbachisauridae is the
2824:
Lindoso, R. M.; Medeiros, M. A. A.; Carvalho, I. d. S.; Pereira, A. A.; Mendes, I. D.; Iori, Fabiano Vidoi; Sousa, E. P.; Souza
Arcanjo, S. H.; Madeira Silva, T. C. (2019). "A new rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea) from the middle Cretaceous of northern Brazil".
1610:
wore its tooth crowns down faster than other dinosaurian herbivores, and its tooth replacement rate was the highest of any known dinosaur. Each tooth was replaced once every 14 days; the rate had previously been estimated lower. In contrast to
2941:"What's inside a sauropod limb? First three-dimensional investigation of the limb long bone microanatomy of a sauropod dinosaur, Nigersaurus taqueti (Neosauropoda, Rebbachisauridae), and implications for the weight-bearing function"
1553:. The width of the muzzle and lateral orientation of the tooth row show that the sauropod could gather much food and crop it close to the ground, within 1 m (3 ft 3 in) of the surface. This is further supported by
549:, and first mentioned in a paper published in 1976. Although a common genus, the dinosaur had been poorly known until more material of other individuals was discovered during expeditions led by American palaeontologist
984:
from Spain was described by the
Spanish palaeontologist Fidel Torcida FernĂĄndez-Baldor and colleagues in 2011, and along with other animal groups that span the Cretaceous of Africa and Europe, this indicates that
1530:
relaxed pressure on the bones. They also suggested that sauropods may therefore have been lighter in weight than expected for their size, supporting the lowest body mass estimates for these dinosaurs.
861:
is the only known tetrapod animal to have had jaws wider than the skull and teeth that extended laterally across the front. The snout was even broader than those of the "duck-billed" hadrosaurs.
1486:
and paleontologist Mathew J. Wedel and stated in 2016 that while sauropods in general could use their long necks to detect predators from afar, this would not apply to the short-necked
2785:"Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution"
462:, the tooth-bearing bones of its jaws were rotated transversely relative to the rest of the skull, so that all of its teeth were located far to the front. Its skeleton was highly
2166:
Sereno, P. C.; Beck, A. L.; Dutheil, D. B.; Larsson, H. C.; Lyon, G. H.; Moussa, B.; Sadleir, R. W.; Sidor, C. A.; Varricchio, D. J.; Wilson, G. P.; Wilson, J. A. (1999).
1379:
of
Rebbachisaurinae (since that name would have priority). The same year, Fanti and colleagues supported the use of Rebbachisaurinae over Nigersaurinae, and found
741:
435:
in 1999, after further and more complete remains were found and described. The genus name means "Niger reptile", and the specific name honours the palaeontologist
1398:
could change in future analyses), and supported the continued use of the name
Nigersaurinae over Rebbachisaurinae for all rebbachisaurids more closely related to
454:
and thin bones. It had a wide muzzle filled with more than 500 teeth, which were replaced at a rapid rate: around every 14 days. The jaws may have borne a
3015:"The variability of inner ear orientation in saurischian dinosaurs: Testing the use of semicircular canals as a reference system for comparative anatomy"
721:
had relatively short necks and a length of 10 m (33 ft) or less. The only members of the family that reached the size of larger sauropods were
2420:"Maraapunisaurus fragillimus, N.G. (formerly Amphicoelias fragillimus), a basal Rebbachisaurid from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Colorado"
918:
were so heavily pierced by extensions of the external air sacs that of their side walls little remained but 2 mm (0.08 in) thick intersecting
567:
was named and described in more detail by Sereno and colleagues only in 1999, based on remains of newly found individuals. The same article also named
553:
in 1997 and 2000. The limited understanding of the genus was the result of poor preservation of its remains, which arises from the delicate and highly
841:
did not exhibit the same modifications seen in the jaws of other dinosaurs with dental batteries, or mammals with elaborate chewing functions. The
831:
was highly asymmetrical, ten times thicker on the outwards facing side than on the inner side. This condition is otherwise known only in advanced
1788:
1654:, due respectively to their height, hard and stiff structure, and lack of appropriate habitat. Wedel suggested that the evenly spaced teeth of
7760:
1740:
adaptation for ground-level browsing. This is unlike the way other sauropods have been restored, with their heads held more horizontally.
823:) comprised a total of more than 500 active and replacement teeth. Dental batteries erupted in unison, not each column individually. The
446:
was about 9 m (30 ft) long, and had a short neck. It weighed around 1.9â4 t (2.1â4.4 short tons), comparable to a modern
1526:
caused by bearing weight, but that features such as the columnar limbs (as seen in elephants), pneumaticity, and fleshy foot pads and
3215:
628:
cow" in the press, and Sereno stressed that it was the most unusual dinosaur he had ever seen. He likened its physical appearance to
1502:
A 2023 study by the French palaeontologist RĂ©mi
Lefebvre and colleagues examined the microanatomical structure of the limb bones of
7704:
7609:
993:. This was supported in 2013 by the Italian palaeontologist Federico Fanti and colleagues in their description of the nigersaurine
709:
reaching only 1 m (3 ft 3 in); it may have weighed around 1.9â4 t (2.1â4.4 short tons), comparable to a modern
1390:
was found to be the sister taxon of all other nigersaurines in some studies, a
Rebbachisaurinae clade may not necessarily include
2898:"A novel form of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in a sauropod dinosaur: implications for the paleobiology of Rebbachisauridae"
1606:
plants such as low-growing ferns. Because of the lateral orientation of the teeth, it probably would not have been able to chew.
2318:
Lavocat, 1954, a diplodocoid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the early Late Cretaceousâaged Kem Kem beds of southeastern Morocco".
7775:
1799:, located in Niger. It is one of the most commonly found vertebrates in the formation. The Elrhaz Formation consists mainly of
3066:"A test of the lateral semicircular canal correlation to head posture, diet and other biological traits in "ungulate" mammals"
2027:
1995:
2209:
3236:
3064:
Benoit, J.; Legendre, L. J.; Farke, A. A.; Neenan, J. M.; Mennecart, B.; Costeur, L.; Merigeaud, S.; Manger, P. R. (2020).
1982:
2259:
902:) were heavily pneumatised to the point where the column consisted of a series of hollow "shells", each divided by a thin
892:
805:
778:
7780:
2880:
509:. It is one of the most common fossil vertebrates found in the area, and shared its habitat with other dinosaurian
2719:
from the Early Cretaceous of Tunisia and implications for the tempo and mode of rebbachisaurid sauropod evolution"
884:
4123:
4130:
4112:
931:
the rest of the skeleton. The limbs were not as specialised as the rest of the skeleton, and the front legs of
5524:
1867:. Together, these compose one of the few associations of megaherbivores with a balance of sauropods and large
7682:
3208:
3154:
2525:"Inferences of diplodocoid (Sauropoda: Dinosauria) feeding behavior from snout shape and microwear snalyses"
1522:
was rather thin. These researchers suggested that the microanatomy of sauropods was not affected by drastic
922:, the ridges between the pneumatic openings. The vertebrae of the tail, however, did have solid centra. The
1735:, which they found to be oriented horizontally. In their 2007 study, they stated that the structure of the
919:
898:(the spines that projected upwards from the vertebrae). The presacral vertebrae (vertebrae in front of the
1693:
Diagrams of the skull and jaw, and 3D reconstructions of the dental battery, skull, and brain, as well as
1464:
had an underdeveloped olfactory region of its brain and thus did not have an advanced sense of smell. Its
1007:. Pneumatisation of the rebbachisaurid skeleton evolved progressively, culminating in the nigersaurines.
558:
467:
3128:"Basal abelisaurid and carcharodontosaurid theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation of Niger"
647:
specimens collected by French and American expeditions remain to be described. Teeth similar to those of
617:
6256:
2622:
FernĂĄndez-Baldor, F. T.; Canudo, J. I.; Huerta, P.; Montero, D.; Suberbiola, X. P.; Salgado, L. (2011).
788:(a depression on the surface of this bone inside the head). The maxillary tooth row was in its entirety
784:(which formed much of the skull-roof) was elongate (much narrower than long), and had a marked cerebral
127:
2454:
DâEmic, M. D.; Whitlock, J. A.; Smith, K. M.; Fisher, D. C.; Wilson, J. A. (2013). Evans, A. R. (ed.).
596:(shoulder blade) found nearby were also referred to the same specimen. These fossils are housed at the
7770:
7765:
7491:
7485:
2666:"A new sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Tunisia with extreme avian-like pneumatization"
2078:
Sereno, P. C.; Wilson, J. A.; Witmer, L. M.; Whitlock, J. A.; Maga, A.; Ide, O.; Rowe, T. A. (2007).
1574:
1375:
itself to group with the nigersaurines, and the authors suggested that Nigersaurinae was therefore a
588:
honours Taquet, who was the first to organise large-scale palaeontological expeditions to Niger. The
2769:
2575:
2506:
2131:
1438:
1429:
7745:
7528:
3303:
3201:
1465:
597:
5529:
911:
2285:
2238:
1615:, sauropods with lower tooth replacement rates and broader tooth crowns are thought to have been
975:
and closely related genera, was named by the American palaeontologist John A. Whitlock in 2011.
582:
2896:
Ibiricu, L.; Lamanna, M.; Martinez, R.; Casal, G.; Cerda, I.; Martinez, G.; Salgado, L. (2017).
2168:"Cretaceous sauropods from the Sahara and the uneven rate of skeletal evolution among dinosaurs"
1662:. He also suggested it could have low-browsed from short conifers and other low-growing plants.
1412:
from Brazil to group with the nigersaurines, thereby expanding this lineage more widely (making
7722:
7640:
7549:
4998:
4986:
4978:
1973:
Wilson, J. A.; Sereno, P. C. (2005). "Structure and evolution of a sauropod tooth battery". In
1594:
7717:
7635:
7627:
7587:
7518:
7480:
7209:
3491:
1974:
1483:
956:
850:
554:
463:
293:
7474:
6248:
4992:
1792:
7755:
7750:
7691:
7596:
6264:
4118:
3077:
2952:
2834:
2730:
2677:
2536:
2467:
2327:
2091:
1550:
746:
678:
270:
1658:
could have functioned like a comb, by straining water plants or invertebrates, similar to
8:
4194:
1728:
1413:
986:
484:
Nigersaurinae) of the family Rebbachisauridae, which is part of the sauropod superfamily
3081:
2956:
2838:
2734:
2681:
2540:
2471:
2331:
2095:
667:, whose remains have been found in the vicinity. A lower jaw assigned to the titanosaur
7249:
4321:
3100:
3065:
3041:
3014:
2850:
2753:
2714:
2559:
2524:
2490:
2455:
2400:
2343:
2114:
2079:
1554:
1523:
757:
714:
451:
122:
1705:" skull based on scans (right, dental batteries in red, green bones are reconstructed)
1034:
following the 2013 analysis by Fanti and colleagues, which confirmed the placement of
7622:
7385:
6926:
5673:
5314:
5043:
4231:
3105:
3046:
2876:
2854:
2758:
2695:
2607:
2590:
2564:
2495:
2404:
2392:
2384:
2347:
2190:
2167:
2119:
2023:
1991:
1978:
1808:
1023:
612:
542:
1371:
A 2015 cladistic study by Wilsona and the French palaeontologist Ronan Allain found
7256:
7101:
7041:
6683:
6575:
6481:
6372:
6174:
6154:
6093:
5212:
5065:
4912:
4629:
4583:
4563:
4507:
3810:
3587:
3567:
3149:
3139:
3095:
3085:
3036:
3026:
2993:
2960:
2919:
2909:
2842:
2804:
2796:
2748:
2738:
2685:
2639:
2628:, a New Rebbachisaurid Sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula"
2602:
2554:
2544:
2485:
2475:
2431:
2374:
2335:
2182:
2109:
2099:
1784:
1715:
scans of skull elements of the holotype specimen, Sereno and colleagues created a "
1616:
1045:
789:
718:
477:
418:
407:
331:
243:
30:
2846:
2784:
2339:
2186:
1479:
comprised about 30% of the brain volume, as in many other dinosaurs. The American
1460:
Though it had large nostrils and a fleshy snout, Sereno and colleagues found that
893:
7572:
7523:
7393:
7126:
7019:
6715:
6695:
6676:
6634:
6561:
6547:
6430:
6181:
6101:
5748:
5284:
5275:
5136:
5128:
5055:
4815:
4693:
4514:
4370:
4201:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3902:
3819:
3365:
3352:
3315:
3288:
3263:
3224:
2743:
2549:
2480:
2213:
2104:
1897:
1712:
959:
family within the superfamily Diplodocoidea, which also contains the long-necked
927:
907:
785:
779:
729:
581:("Niger reptile") is a reference to the country where it was discovered, and the
546:
436:
201:
2800:
1940:
have been found. The aquatic fauna consists entirely of freshwater inhabitants.
765:
592:
specimen (MNN GAD512) consists of a partial skull and neck. Limb material and a
7400:
7315:
7197:
7142:
7092:
6904:
6897:
6843:
6815:
6770:
6743:
6618:
6583:
6525:
6452:
6365:
6129:
6008:
5980:
5959:
5944:
5866:
5839:
5657:
5641:
5607:
5450:
5249:
5121:
4947:
4686:
4665:
4614:
4606:
4458:
4451:
4358:
4257:
4245:
4053:
4025:
3862:
3833:
3826:
3772:
3686:
3672:
3656:
3631:
3461:
3172:
National Geographic Live! â Extreme Dinosaurs â lecture about the discovery of
3090:
2012:
1920:
1744:
1694:
1569:, which are evidence that food or substrate wore the animal's teeth as it fed.
1469:
1376:
1175:
915:
846:
832:
761:
723:
669:
633:
603:
518:
429:. Fossils of this dinosaur were first described in 1976, but it was only named
3180:
3171:
1684:
772:, the snout tip not protruding relative to the remainder of the tooth series.
7739:
7667:
7443:
7428:
7407:
7323:
7283:
7271:
7241:
7190:
7162:
7135:
7056:
7033:
6981:
6912:
6836:
6802:
6791:
6729:
6648:
6611:
6590:
6540:
6518:
6510:
6503:
6496:
6437:
6402:
6379:
6321:
6188:
6167:
6035:
6026:
6015:
5994:
5973:
5951:
5894:
5771:
5708:
5592:
5415:
5391:
5357:
5328:
5321:
5300:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5186:
5177:
5114:
5106:
5099:
5029:
5016:
4933:
4857:
4800:
4779:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4657:
4636:
4555:
4532:
4379:
4336:
4238:
4215:
4187:
4018:
4011:
3959:
3855:
3792:
3783:
3665:
3539:
3507:
3475:
3436:
3418:
3397:
2388:
1914:
1859:
1848:
1835:
1828:
1651:
1590:
1559:
1515:
1408:
1285:
1247:
1199:
1144:
1124:
1083:
980:
968:
952:
652:
637:
510:
485:
230:
67:
1823:
ages of the mid-Cretaceous. It likely lived in habitats dominated by inland
1675:
1468:
was average for a reptile, and smaller than those of ornithischians and non-
7451:
7421:
7414:
7351:
7292:
7218:
7150:
7108:
7077:
7063:
7048:
7026:
7010:
6944:
6933:
6884:
6865:
6858:
6736:
6722:
6708:
6662:
6655:
6626:
6597:
6533:
6474:
6416:
6409:
6358:
6351:
6314:
6296:
6283:
6211:
6195:
6136:
6122:
6086:
6079:
6065:
6043:
5937:
5929:
5922:
5901:
5873:
5821:
5807:
5793:
5778:
5729:
5650:
5622:
5615:
5434:
5423:
5400:
5382:
5307:
5293:
5200:
5157:
5150:
5092:
5085:
4848:
4763:
4571:
4521:
4493:
4486:
4465:
4437:
4423:
4343:
4287:
4266:
3952:
3840:
3744:
3700:
3693:
3645:
3617:
3578:
3404:
3109:
3050:
2914:
2897:
2809:
2762:
2699:
2568:
2499:
2396:
2363:"The accuracy and precision of body mass estimation in non-avian dinosaurs"
2194:
2123:
1853:
1549:
was suggested by Sereno and colleagues to be a ground-level, non-selective
1511:
1480:
1158:
1100:
1059:
885:
824:
812:
3144:
3127:
2998:
2982:"Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals"
2981:
2644:
2623:
1815:
lived in what is now Niger about 115 to 105 million years ago, during the
7676:
7581:
7436:
7344:
7330:
7226:
7115:
7070:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6919:
6851:
6829:
6750:
6641:
6336:
6143:
6108:
6001:
5966:
5908:
5887:
5880:
5852:
5785:
5757:
5722:
5715:
5701:
5600:
5585:
5486:
5408:
5371:
5193:
4954:
4830:
4793:
4786:
4755:
4739:
4679:
4643:
4621:
4541:
4500:
4444:
4416:
4402:
4350:
4303:
4223:
4208:
4180:
4046:
4004:
3990:
3970:
3944:
3890:
3883:
3799:
3765:
3751:
3594:
3532:
3468:
3445:
3411:
3383:
2875:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 154, 168, 230â231.
2436:
2419:
1908:
1902:
1888:
1868:
1839:
1803:
sandstones with low relief, much of which is obscured by sand dunes. The
1698:
1631:
1582:
would have restricted the browsing range compared to other diplodocoids.
1216:
936:
820:
769:
705:
was fairly small, with a body length of only 9 m (30 ft) and a
664:
629:
550:
506:
263:
42:
2013:"Géologie et paléontologie du gisement de Gadoufaoua. (Aptien du Niger)"
1018:
7709:
7614:
7337:
7264:
7233:
6995:
6822:
6669:
6604:
6568:
6554:
6489:
6460:
6423:
6386:
6329:
5915:
5859:
5814:
5764:
5736:
5694:
5630:
5578:
5560:
5547:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5443:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5256:
5168:
5143:
4873:
4823:
4807:
4771:
4672:
4548:
4472:
4386:
4329:
4280:
4032:
3848:
3737:
3601:
3560:
3525:
3254:
2965:
2940:
2924:
2690:
2665:
1929:
1882:
1864:
1824:
1796:
1773:
1627:
1603:
1573:
also bears signs of low-angle tooth-to-tooth wear on the inside of the
1565:
1448:
1302:
995:
990:
960:
854:
502:
455:
422:
414:
185:
87:
52:
3031:
2379:
2362:
1557:
on the labial (externally facing) side of the upper teeth, similar to
7300:
7182:
6988:
6467:
6445:
6394:
6115:
6072:
6058:
5800:
5493:
5479:
5364:
5078:
4926:
4919:
4650:
4599:
4162:
4149:
4064:
4039:
3997:
3876:
3716:
3483:
3425:
1925:
1893:
1872:
1804:
1732:
1716:
1702:
1659:
1586:
1527:
1031:
964:
842:
816:
697:
with a small head, thick hind legs, and a prominent tail. Among that
694:
514:
481:
417:
period, about 115 to 105 million years ago. It was discovered in the
217:
139:
92:
36:
7543:
2713:
Fanti, F.; Cau, A.; Cantelli, L.; Hassine, M.; Auditore, M. (2015).
1538:
1010:
800:
109:
7661:
7566:
7308:
6974:
6784:
5987:
5828:
5687:
4940:
4430:
4273:
3983:
3758:
3730:
3638:
3553:
3546:
3453:
3390:
3272:
3248:
2621:
1937:
1933:
1876:
1724:
1643:
1507:
1476:
1472:
1004:
873:
710:
625:
589:
574:
494:
459:
447:
410:
172:
159:
82:
77:
62:
57:
47:
3193:
2591:"A phylogenetic analysis of Diplodocoidea (Saurischia: Sauropoda)"
999:
from Tunisia, which was more related to the European form than to
7696:
7601:
6344:
4748:
4592:
4479:
3937:
2456:"Evolution of high tooth replacement rates in sauropod dinosaurs"
1800:
1736:
869:
593:
569:
497:
habitat, and its diet probably consisted of soft plants, such as
97:
72:
1634:(which had evolved by the middle Cretaceous) potential food for
890:(back) vertebrae had paired pneumatic spaces at the base of the
6873:
6051:
3869:
3242:
1820:
1816:
1647:
1593:
instead of the supratemporal fenestra. Both this and the other
923:
903:
899:
659:, but it is unknown whether they belonged to relatives of this
656:
616:
model of the head and neck, were subsequently presented at the
149:
2823:
935:
were about two-thirds the length of the back legs, as in most
529:
379:
346:
343:
337:
2783:
Mannion, P. D.; Upchurch, P.; Schwarz, D.; Wings, O. (2019).
1768:
1383:
to be the basalmost member of this "Euro-African" subclade.
1003:, despite being from Africa, then part of the supercontinent
951:
were initially described by Taquet in 1976 as belonging to a
706:
698:
660:
426:
403:
385:
352:
7175:
3679:
3013:
MarugĂĄn-LobĂłn, J. S.; Chiappe, L. M.; Farke, A. A. (2013).
2939:
Lefebvre, RĂ©mi; Allain, Ronan; Houssaye, Alexandra (2023).
2895:
2782:
1807:
are coarse- to medium-grained, with almost no fine-grained
1623:
607:
Skeletal diagram showing known elements and size comparison
541:
were first discovered during a 1965â1972 expedition to the
498:
476:
and its closest relatives are grouped within the subfamily
391:
373:
358:
2077:
1972:
376:
4837:
3063:
3012:
2453:
1542:
Crown form, wear pattern, and microstructure of the teeth
450:. Its skull was very specialised for feeding, with large
2165:
2712:
2663:
2210:"U-M researchers study toothy, ground-feeding dinosaur"
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1622:
Grass did not evolve until the late Cretaceous, making
1386:
In 2019, Mannion and colleagues pointed out that since
2938:
2664:
Fanti, F.; Cau, A.; Hassine, M.; Contessi, M. (2013).
7508:
394:
382:
370:
361:
349:
334:
1990:. University of California Press. pp. 157â177.
1949:
1638:. Sereno and colleagues stated it was unlikely that
713:. It had a short neck for a sauropod, with thirteen
388:
355:
1851:. Other herbivores from the same formation include
367:
340:
7377:
3057:
2417:
1589:muscle of the jaw appears to have attached to the
557:construction (filled with air spaces connected to
3155:20.500.11820/5d55ed2e-52f2-4e4a-9ca1-fd1732f2f964
2873:The Sauropod Dinosaurs: Life in the Age of Giants
2207:
2161:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
1394:itself (as well as the fact that the position of
7737:
4904:
2979:
2314:Wilson, J. A.; Allain, R. (2015). "Osteology of
2309:
2307:
2286:"Dinosaur From Sahara Ate Like A 'Mesozoic Cow'"
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
1756:habitually held its head like other sauropods.
2980:Taylor, M. P.; Wedel, M. J.; Naish, D. (2009).
2866:
2864:
3363:
3287:
3125:
2361:Campione, NicolĂĄs E.; Evans, David C. (2020).
2080:"Structural extremes in a Cretaceous dinosaur"
3209:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2582:
2411:
2360:
2304:
2239:"'Mesozoic Cow' Rises from the Sahara Desert"
2138:
2036:
914:thin bone plates filled with air spaces. The
760:(openings in the skull) larger than in other
5027:
2973:
2932:
2870:
2861:
2523:Whitlock, J. A. (2011). Farke, A. A. (ed.).
2313:
1924:also lived there. In addition, remains of a
1743:A 2009 study by the British palaeontologist
1723:skull they could examine. They also made an
6294:
2817:
2278:
3216:
3202:
3181:National Geographic Live! â Bringing Back
3121:
3119:
2652:
1416:hypotheses for this group less reliable).
108:
5558:
3153:
3143:
3099:
3089:
3040:
3030:
3006:
2997:
2964:
2923:
2913:
2808:
2789:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2776:
2752:
2742:
2689:
2643:
2606:
2595:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2558:
2548:
2489:
2479:
2435:
2378:
2236:
2113:
2103:
2004:
1984:The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology
963:and the short-necked dicraeosaurids. The
4160:
2588:
2522:
2449:
2447:
2212:. University of Michigan. Archived from
1767:
1537:
1038:as a basal nigersaurine rebbachisaurid.
1017:
1009:
868:
799:
740:
611:Sereno and the American palaeontologist
602:
528:
3126:Sereno, P. C.; Brusatte, S. L. (2008).
3116:
2518:
2516:
2252:
864:
524:
480:(formerly thought to be grouped in the
7738:
3185:â video about the reconstruction of a
2010:
989:connected these landmasses across the
811:The slender teeth had slightly curved
636:, and compared its tooth shear with a
470:), but the limbs were robustly built.
413:dinosaur that lived during the middle
7548:
7547:
7507:
6281:
5545:
5014:
4147:
3350:
3235:
3197:
2444:
2232:
2230:
466:(filled with air spaces connected to
7761:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Africa
2513:
2260:"Cow-like dinosaur sucked up plants"
1763:
1490:. They pointed out that the eyes of
439:, who discovered the first remains.
3351:
3223:
2889:
1578:items there, and the short neck of
1533:
906:in the middle. It had little to no
806:Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia
13:
2871:Hallett, M.; Wedel, M. J. (2016).
2320:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2227:
845:was L-shaped and divided into the
804:Teeth at different growth stages,
14:
7792:
7509:Topics in sauropodomorph research
5015:
3165:
2424:Geology of the Intermountain West
2201:
1014:Front view of reconstructed skull
942:
756:was delicate, with the four side
7490:
7484:
7479:
7473:
6282:
6263:
6255:
6247:
5528:
5523:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4977:
4129:
4122:
4117:
4111:
2768:
2608:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00665.x
2574:
2505:
2130:
1683:
1674:
1437:
1428:
1419:
533:Excavation of a specimen in 2000
330:
126:
117:Reconstructed skeleton in Japan
40:
2706:
2615:
2354:
1665:
673:is likewise similar to that of
5546:
1871:. It also lived alongside the
684:
1:
7776:Fossil taxa described in 1999
4148:
3132:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2986:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2902:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2847:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104191
2632:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2340:10.1080/02724634.2014.1000701
2187:10.1126/science.286.5443.1342
1943:
1727:of the brain and scanned the
545:led by French paleontologist
537:Remains thought to belong to
2744:10.1371/journal.pone.0123475
2550:10.1371/journal.pone.0018304
2481:10.1371/journal.pone.0069235
2105:10.1371/journal.pone.0001230
1701:and colleagues (left), and "
7:
2418:Carpenter, Kenneth (2018).
1747:and colleagues agreed that
618:National Geographic Society
577:from Niger. The genus name
10:
7797:
3091:10.1038/s41598-020-76757-0
2208:Ross-Flanigan, N. (2007).
1697:head postures proposed by
978:The closely related genus
640:and sharpened piano keys.
16:Genus of reptiles (fossil)
7781:Taxa named by Paul Sereno
7651:
7556:
7514:
7503:
7471:
7373:
7282:
7208:
7170:
7161:
7125:
7091:
7009:
6943:
6892:
6883:
6810:
6801:
6779:
6768:
6703:
6694:
6309:
6305:
6290:
6277:
6244:
6210:
6162:
6153:
6025:
5847:
5838:
5747:
5682:
5671:
5640:
5573:
5569:
5554:
5541:
5521:
5433:
5390:
5381:
5283:
5274:
5211:
5176:
5167:
5073:
5064:
5053:
5038:
5023:
5010:
4974:
4900:
4872:
4856:
4847:
4738:
4582:
4531:
4411:
4400:
4369:
4316:
4312:
4301:
4256:
4175:
4171:
4156:
4143:
4109:
4063:
3978:
3969:
3910:
3901:
3809:
3782:
3725:
3714:
3655:
3626:
3615:
3577:
3520:
3516:
3505:
3435:
3378:
3374:
3359:
3346:
3314:
3296:
3283:
3231:
2801:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly068
1514:) had thick and variable
1299:
1282:
1275:
1258:
1251:
1213:
1196:
1189:
1172:
1155:
1148:
1138:
1121:
1114:
1097:
1080:
1073:
1056:
1049:
882:was distinct in that its
776:was distinct in that its
493:sauropods. It lived in a
299:
292:
123:Scientific classification
121:
116:
107:
23:
7529:List of sauropod species
2589:Whitlock, J. A. (2011).
2237:Joyce, C. (2013-11-25).
2022:(in French). Paris: 53.
2020:Cahiers de Paléontologie
1466:brain-to-body-mass ratio
736:
598:National Museum of Niger
2316:Rebbachisaurus garasbae
651:have been found on the
2915:10.4202/app.00316.2016
1936:shark, and freshwater
1847:was the most numerous
1777:
1597:were likely weak, and
1543:
1027:
1015:
876:
808:
766:supratemporal fenestra
749:
608:
534:
442:Small for a sauropod,
7718:Paleobiology Database
7636:Paleobiology Database
7519:Sauropod neck posture
7210:Opisthocoelicaudiinae
3145:10.4202/app.2008.0102
2999:10.4202/app.2009.0007
2717:Tataouinea hannibalis
2670:Nature Communications
2645:10.4202/app.2010.0003
2626:Demandasaurus darwini
1771:
1541:
1021:
1013:
872:
803:
744:
606:
532:
458:sheath. Unlike other
2715:"New information on
2437:10.31711/giw.v5i0.28
1892:, and a yet-unnamed
1447:Virtual sections of
891:
883:
865:Postcranial skeleton
777:
747:Royal Ontario Museum
689:Like all sauropods,
679:evolved convergently
525:History of discovery
7683:Nigersaurus taqueti
7653:Nigersaurus taqueti
7378:Dubious titanosaurs
4195:Chinshakiangosaurus
3082:2020NatSR..1019602B
2957:2023Palgy..6612670L
2839:2019CrRes.10404191L
2827:Cretaceous Research
2735:2015PLoSO..1023475F
2682:2013NatCo...4.2080F
2541:2011PLoSO...618304W
2472:2013PLoSO...869235D
2332:2015JVPal..35E0701W
2216:on October 12, 2013
2181:(5443): 1342â1347.
2096:2007PLoSO...2.1230S
2011:Taquet, P. (1976).
1729:semicircular canals
1595:mastication muscles
1414:palaeobiogeographic
987:carbonate platforms
513:, as well as large
432:Nigersaurus taqueti
306:Nigersaurus taqueti
7250:Opisthocoelicaudia
4322:Archaeodontosaurus
3070:Scientific Reports
2966:10.1111/pala.12670
2691:10.1038/ncomms3080
2367:Biological Reviews
1791:in an area of the
1783:is known from the
1778:
1652:aquatic vegetation
1544:
1524:selective pressure
1028:
1022:Model head at the
1016:
877:
809:
750:
715:cervical vertebrae
609:
535:
421:in an area called
7733:
7732:
7623:Open Tree of Life
7550:Taxon identifiers
7541:
7540:
7537:
7536:
7499:
7498:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7386:Bruhathkayosaurus
7369:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7087:
7086:
7005:
7004:
6927:Panamericansaurus
6764:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6273:
6272:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6206:
6205:
5674:Titanosauriformes
5667:
5666:
5537:
5536:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5315:Brachytrachelopan
5270:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5044:Haplocanthosaurus
5006:
5005:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4905:Dubious sauropods
4896:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4396:
4395:
4297:
4296:
4232:Protognathosaurus
4139:
4138:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
3710:
3709:
3611:
3610:
3501:
3500:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3032:10.7717/peerj.124
2380:10.1111/brv.12638
2029:978-2-222-02018-9
1997:978-0-520-24623-2
1863:, and an unnamed
1764:Palaeoenvironment
1368:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1024:Australian Museum
971:, which includes
613:Jeffrey A. Wilson
543:Republic of Niger
321:
320:
273:
7788:
7771:Fossils of Niger
7766:Cretaceous Niger
7726:
7725:
7713:
7712:
7700:
7699:
7687:
7686:
7685:
7672:
7671:
7670:
7644:
7643:
7631:
7630:
7618:
7617:
7605:
7604:
7592:
7591:
7590:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7545:
7544:
7505:
7504:
7494:
7488:
7483:
7477:
7375:
7374:
7257:Pellegrinisaurus
7168:
7167:
7123:
7122:
7102:Bustingorrytitan
7042:Futalognkosaurus
6890:
6889:
6808:
6807:
6777:
6776:
6701:
6700:
6684:Diamantinasauria
6576:Pellegrinisaurus
6482:Jiangshanosaurus
6373:Baotianmansaurus
6307:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6292:
6291:
6279:
6278:
6268:
6267:
6260:
6259:
6252:
6251:
6175:Diamantinasaurus
6160:
6159:
6155:Diamantinasauria
6094:Jiangshanosaurus
5845:
5844:
5680:
5679:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5556:
5555:
5543:
5542:
5532:
5527:
5388:
5387:
5281:
5280:
5213:Rebbachisaurinae
5174:
5173:
5071:
5070:
5066:Rebbachisauridae
5062:
5061:
5036:
5035:
5025:
5024:
5012:
5011:
5001:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4982:
4981:
4913:Bothriospondylus
4902:
4901:
4854:
4853:
4630:Eomamenchisaurus
4584:Mamenchisauridae
4564:Lapparentosaurus
4508:Spinophorosaurus
4409:
4408:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4158:
4157:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4121:
4115:
3976:
3975:
3908:
3907:
3811:Massospondylidae
3723:
3722:
3653:
3652:
3624:
3623:
3588:Jaklapallisaurus
3568:Thecodontosaurus
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3361:
3360:
3348:
3347:
3294:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3233:
3232:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3147:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3034:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2917:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2661:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2493:
2483:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2382:
2373:(6): 1759â1797.
2358:
2352:
2351:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2172:
2163:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2117:
2107:
2075:
2034:
2033:
2017:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1975:Curry Rogers, K.
1970:
1785:Elrhaz Formation
1711:On the basis of
1687:
1678:
1534:Diet and feeding
1518:, the cortex of
1441:
1432:
1278:
1277:
1254:
1253:
1192:
1191:
1151:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1117:
1116:
1076:
1075:
1052:
1051:
1046:Rebbachisauridae
1042:
1041:
916:vertebral arches
895:
887:
874:Life restoration
857:(horny) sheath.
827:on the teeth of
793:to the front as
781:
478:Rebbachisaurinae
419:Elrhaz Formation
401:
400:
397:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
308:
304:
262:
255:
244:Rebbachisauridae
242:
229:
216:
200:
131:
130:
112:
102:
39:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
7796:
7795:
7791:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7785:
7746:Rebbachisaurids
7736:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7721:
7716:
7708:
7703:
7695:
7690:
7681:
7680:
7675:
7666:
7665:
7660:
7647:
7639:
7634:
7626:
7621:
7613:
7608:
7600:
7595:
7586:
7585:
7580:
7571:
7570:
7565:
7552:
7542:
7533:
7524:Sauropod hiatus
7510:
7495:
7457:
7394:Campylodoniscus
7357:
7278:
7204:
7157:
7127:Nemegtosauridae
7121:
7083:
7020:Argentinosaurus
7001:
6939:
6879:
6797:
6773:
6756:
6716:Atsinganosaurus
6696:Lirainosaurinae
6690:
6677:Xianshanosaurus
6562:Normanniasaurus
6548:Narambuenatitan
6431:Dongyangosaurus
6299:
6286:
6269:
6262:
6254:
6246:
6226:
6202:
6182:Sarmientosaurus
6149:
6102:Phuwiangosaurus
6021:
5834:
5749:Brachiosauridae
5743:
5676:
5663:
5636:
5563:
5550:
5533:
5499:
5429:
5377:
5285:Dicraeosauridae
5276:Flagellicaudata
5262:
5207:
5163:
5137:Nopcsaspondylus
5129:Maraapunisaurus
5058:
5056:Diplodocimorpha
5049:
5032:
5019:
5002:
4984:
4976:
4960:
4884:
4868:
4843:
4816:Tehuelchesaurus
4734:
4694:Tienshanosaurus
4578:
4527:
4515:Tehuelchesaurus
4405:
4392:
4371:Vulcanodontidae
4365:
4306:
4293:
4252:
4202:Gongxianosaurus
4165:
4152:
4135:
4128:
4079:
4059:
3965:
3924:Jingshanosaurus
3916:Chuxiongosaurus
3903:Sauropodiformes
3897:
3820:Adeopapposaurus
3805:
3778:
3719:
3706:
3651:
3620:
3607:
3573:
3510:
3497:
3431:
3368:
3366:Sauropodomorpha
3355:
3353:Sauropodomorpha
3330:
3316:Sauropodomorpha
3310:
3304:Avemetatarsalia
3289:Avemetatarsalia
3279:
3264:Avemetatarsalia
3238:
3237:
3227:
3225:Sauropodomorpha
3222:
3168:
3163:
3124:
3117:
3062:
3058:
3011:
3007:
2978:
2974:
2937:
2933:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2869:
2862:
2822:
2818:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2729:(4): e0123475.
2711:
2707:
2662:
2653:
2620:
2616:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2521:
2514:
2504:
2452:
2445:
2416:
2412:
2359:
2355:
2326:(4): e1000701.
2312:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2206:
2202:
2170:
2164:
2139:
2129:
2076:
2037:
2030:
2015:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1987:
1971:
1950:
1946:
1898:Crocodylomorphs
1766:
1713:microtomography
1709:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1668:
1536:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1422:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1238:
1229:
947:The remains of
945:
928:pectoral girdle
908:cancellous bone
897:
889:
867:
783:
762:sauropodomorphs
739:
730:Maraapunisaurus
719:rebbachisaurids
687:
677:, but may have
620:in Washington.
547:Philippe Taquet
527:
519:crocodylomorphs
437:Philippe Taquet
366:
333:
329:
317:
310:
302:
301:
288:
285:N. taqueti
261:
253:
240:
227:
214:
202:Sauropodomorpha
198:
125:
103:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
34:
33:
31:Aptian â Albian
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7794:
7784:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7727:
7714:
7701:
7688:
7673:
7657:
7655:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7632:
7619:
7606:
7593:
7578:
7562:
7560:
7554:
7553:
7539:
7538:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7455:
7448:
7440:
7433:
7425:
7418:
7411:
7404:
7401:Clasmodosaurus
7397:
7390:
7381:
7379:
7371:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7348:
7341:
7334:
7327:
7320:
7316:Maxakalisaurus
7312:
7305:
7297:
7288:
7286:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7268:
7261:
7253:
7246:
7238:
7230:
7223:
7214:
7212:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7198:Quaesitosaurus
7194:
7187:
7179:
7171:
7165:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7147:
7143:Quaesitosaurus
7139:
7131:
7129:
7120:
7119:
7112:
7105:
7097:
7095:
7093:Saltasauroidea
7089:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7081:
7074:
7067:
7060:
7053:
7045:
7038:
7030:
7023:
7015:
7013:
7007:
7006:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6992:
6985:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6957:
6949:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6909:
6905:Maxakalisaurus
6901:
6898:Adamantisaurus
6893:
6887:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6870:
6862:
6855:
6848:
6844:Epachthosaurus
6840:
6833:
6826:
6819:
6816:Antarctosaurus
6811:
6805:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6788:
6780:
6774:
6771:Eutitanosauria
6769:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6755:
6754:
6747:
6744:Mansourasaurus
6740:
6733:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6704:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6652:
6645:
6638:
6631:
6623:
6619:Tastavinsaurus
6615:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6584:Petrobrasaurus
6580:
6572:
6565:
6558:
6551:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6526:Malarguesaurus
6522:
6515:
6507:
6500:
6493:
6486:
6478:
6471:
6464:
6457:
6453:Epachthosaurus
6449:
6442:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6391:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6366:Austroposeidon
6362:
6355:
6348:
6341:
6333:
6326:
6318:
6310:
6300:
6295:
6288:
6287:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6171:
6163:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6130:Tangvayosaurus
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6040:
6031:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6012:
6009:Tastavinsaurus
6005:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5981:Pukyongosaurus
5977:
5970:
5963:
5960:Liubangosaurus
5956:
5948:
5945:Liaoningotitan
5941:
5934:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5867:Astrophocaudia
5863:
5856:
5848:
5842:
5840:Somphospondyli
5836:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5782:
5775:
5768:
5761:
5753:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5705:
5698:
5691:
5683:
5677:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5658:Lourinhasaurus
5654:
5646:
5644:
5642:Camarasauridae
5638:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5627:
5619:
5612:
5608:Dashanpusaurus
5604:
5597:
5589:
5582:
5574:
5564:
5559:
5552:
5551:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5451:Dinheirosaurus
5447:
5439:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5420:
5412:
5405:
5396:
5394:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5289:
5287:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5253:
5250:Rebbachisaurus
5246:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5217:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5197:
5190:
5182:
5180:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5125:
5122:Lavocatisaurus
5118:
5111:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5074:
5068:
5059:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5039:
5033:
5028:
5021:
5020:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4948:Qinlingosaurus
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4881:(see below â )
4878:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4865:(see below â )
4862:
4860:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4768:
4760:
4752:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4687:Rhomaleopakhus
4683:
4676:
4669:
4666:Mamenchisaurus
4662:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4618:
4615:Chuanjiesaurus
4611:
4607:Cetiosauriscus
4603:
4596:
4588:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4545:
4537:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4459:Dashanpusaurus
4455:
4452:Cetiosauriscus
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4412:
4406:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4375:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4359:Zizhongosaurus
4355:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4317:
4307:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4260:
4258:Lessemsauridae
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4246:Tuebingosaurus
4242:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4176:
4166:
4161:
4154:
4153:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4054:Sefapanosaurus
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4026:Melanorosaurus
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3863:Massospondylus
3859:
3852:
3845:
3837:
3834:Glacialisaurus
3830:
3827:Coloradisaurus
3823:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3796:
3788:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3773:Tuebingosaurus
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3726:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3687:Pachysauriscus
3683:
3676:
3673:Gresslyosaurus
3669:
3661:
3659:
3657:Plateosauridae
3650:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3632:Plateosauravus
3627:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3521:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3465:
3462:Chromogisaurus
3458:
3450:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3379:
3369:
3364:
3357:
3356:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3297:
3291:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3178:
3176:by Paul Sereno
3167:
3166:External links
3164:
3162:
3161:
3115:
3056:
3005:
2992:(2): 213â220.
2972:
2931:
2888:
2882:978-1421420288
2881:
2860:
2816:
2795:(3): 784â909.
2775:
2705:
2651:
2638:(3): 535â552.
2614:
2601:(4): 872â915.
2581:
2512:
2443:
2410:
2353:
2303:
2277:
2264:www.abc.net.au
2251:
2226:
2200:
2137:
2035:
2028:
2003:
1996:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1921:Stolokrosuchus
1765:
1762:
1745:Mike P. Taylor
1695:sauropodomorph
1692:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1535:
1532:
1470:coelurosaurian
1446:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1396:Rebbachisaurus
1377:junior synonym
1373:Rebbachisaurus
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:Rebbachisaurus
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1040:
944:
943:Classification
941:
866:
863:
847:subcylindrical
833:ornithischians
738:
735:
724:Rebbachisaurus
686:
683:
670:Antarctosaurus
634:vacuum cleaner
624:was dubbed a "
526:
523:
511:megaherbivores
408:rebbachisaurid
319:
318:
311:
297:
296:
290:
289:
281:
279:
275:
274:
251:
247:
246:
238:
234:
233:
225:
221:
220:
212:
205:
204:
196:
189:
188:
183:
176:
175:
170:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
119:
118:
114:
113:
105:
104:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7793:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7724:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7693:
7689:
7684:
7678:
7674:
7669:
7663:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7650:
7642:
7637:
7633:
7629:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7611:
7607:
7603:
7598:
7594:
7589:
7583:
7579:
7574:
7568:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7546:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7506:
7502:
7493:
7489:
7487:
7482:
7476:
7454:
7453:
7449:
7446:
7445:
7444:Mongolosaurus
7441:
7439:
7438:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7429:Macrurosaurus
7426:
7424:
7423:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7412:
7410:
7409:
7408:Hypselosaurus
7405:
7403:
7402:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7328:
7326:
7325:
7324:Neuquensaurus
7321:
7318:
7317:
7313:
7311:
7310:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7285:
7284:Saltasaurinae
7281:
7274:
7273:
7272:Zhuchengtitan
7269:
7267:
7266:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7242:Dreadnoughtus
7239:
7236:
7235:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7207:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7191:Qingxiusaurus
7188:
7185:
7184:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7163:Saltasauridae
7160:
7153:
7152:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7140:
7138:
7137:
7136:Nemegtosaurus
7133:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7090:
7080:
7079:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7057:Mendozasaurus
7054:
7051:
7050:
7046:
7044:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7034:Dzharatitanis
7031:
7029:
7028:
7024:
7022:
7021:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7012:
7008:
6998:
6997:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6982:Gondwanatitan
6979:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6913:Muyelensaurus
6910:
6907:
6906:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6882:
6876:
6875:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6837:Chucarosaurus
6834:
6832:
6831:
6827:
6825:
6824:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6803:Colossosauria
6800:
6794:
6793:
6792:Menucocelsior
6789:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6767:
6753:
6752:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6730:Lirainosaurus
6727:
6725:
6724:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6686:
6685:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6649:Trigonosaurus
6646:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6616:
6614:
6613:
6612:Ruyangosaurus
6609:
6607:
6606:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6591:Pitekunsaurus
6588:
6586:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6541:Mnyamawamtuka
6538:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6519:Magyarosaurus
6516:
6513:
6512:
6511:Ligabuesaurus
6508:
6506:
6505:
6504:Laplatasaurus
6501:
6499:
6498:
6497:Karongasaurus
6494:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6465:
6463:
6462:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6438:Dreadnoughtus
6435:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6403:Borealosaurus
6400:
6397:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6380:Barrosasaurus
6377:
6375:
6374:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:Aegyptosaurus
6319:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6311:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6280:
6276:
6266:
6261:
6258:
6250:
6220:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6189:Savannasaurus
6186:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6168:Australotitan
6165:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6036:Australodocus
6033:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6027:Euhelopodidae
6024:
6018:
6017:
6016:Triunfosaurus
6013:
6011:
6010:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5995:Sauroposeidon
5992:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5974:Padillasaurus
5971:
5969:
5968:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5952:Ligabuesaurus
5949:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5895:Chubutisaurus
5892:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5772:Brachiosaurus
5769:
5767:
5766:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5709:Fushanosaurus
5706:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5670:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5593:Bashunosaurus
5590:
5588:
5587:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5540:
5531:
5526:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:Atlantosaurus
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5392:Apatosaurinae
5389:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5358:Smitanosaurus
5355:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5329:Dyslocosaurus
5326:
5324:
5323:
5322:Dicraeosaurus
5319:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5301:Amargatitanis
5298:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5236:Katepensaurus
5233:
5231:
5230:
5229:Itapeuasaurus
5226:
5224:
5223:
5222:Demandasaurus
5219:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5187:Cathartesaura
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5178:Limaysaurinae
5175:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5115:Histriasaurus
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:Dzharatitanis
5104:
5102:
5101:
5100:Comahuesaurus
5097:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5030:Diplodocoidea
5026:
5022:
5018:
5017:Diplodocoidea
5013:
5009:
5000:
4996:
4994:
4988:
4980:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4934:Gigantosaurus
4931:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4858:Diplodocoidea
4855:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4801:Narindasaurus
4798:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4780:Losillasaurus
4777:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4729:Zigongosaurus
4726:
4724:
4723:
4722:Yuanmousaurus
4719:
4717:
4716:
4715:Xinjiangtitan
4712:
4710:
4709:
4708:Wamweracaudia
4705:
4703:
4702:
4701:Tonganosaurus
4698:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4658:Klamelisaurus
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4637:Huangshanlong
4634:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:Ferganasaurus
4553:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4533:Cetiosauridae
4530:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4399:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4380:Tazoudasaurus
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4337:Ohmdenosaurus
4334:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4239:Schleitheimia
4236:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:Leonerasaurus
4213:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4188:Blikanasaurus
4185:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4127:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4019:Leonerasaurus
4016:
4014:
4013:
4012:Lamplughsaura
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3960:Yunnanosaurus
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3856:Lufengosaurus
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3793:Eucnemesaurus
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3784:Riojasauridae
3781:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3666:Euskelosaurus
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3540:Bagualosaurus
3537:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3508:Bagualosauria
3504:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:Pampadromaeus
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3437:Saturnaliidae
3434:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3419:Pampadromaeus
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3398:Gigantoscelus
3395:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3207:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3120:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2945:Palaeontology
2942:
2935:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2811:
2810:10044/1/64080
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2535:(4): e18304.
2534:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2517:
2508:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2466:(7): e69235.
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2448:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:(11): e1230.
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1915:Araripesuchus
1911:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1860:Elrhazosaurus
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:megaherbivore
1846:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:iguanodontian
1832:
1830:
1829:riparian zone
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:Ténéré Desert
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1677:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:Dicraeosaurus
1556:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:bone cortices
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1454:limb elements
1453:
1450:
1440:
1431:
1420:Palaeobiology
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1409:Itapeuasaurus
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1286:Demandasaurus
1280:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:Nigersaurinae
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:Cathartesaura
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1145:Limaysaurinae
1143:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:Comahuesaurus
1119:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:Histriasaurus
1078:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
988:
983:
982:
981:Demandasaurus
976:
974:
970:
969:Nigersaurinae
966:
962:
958:
954:
953:dicraeosaurid
950:
940:
938:
934:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
910:, making the
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:neural spines
888:
881:
875:
871:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
807:
802:
798:
796:
791:
787:
782:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
752:The skull of
748:
743:
734:
732:
731:
726:
725:
720:
717:. Nearly all
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
682:
680:
676:
672:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:Isle of Wight
650:
646:
641:
639:
638:conveyor belt
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
605:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:
583:specific name
580:
576:
572:
571:
566:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
531:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
487:
486:Diplodocoidea
483:
479:
475:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
409:
405:
399:
327:
326:
315:
309:
307:
298:
295:
294:Binomial name
291:
287:
286:
280:
277:
276:
272:
268:
265:
260:
259:
252:
249:
248:
245:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:Diplodocoidea
226:
224:Superfamily:
223:
222:
219:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
129:
124:
120:
115:
111:
106:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
38:
35:115â105
32:
26:
22:
19:
7652:
7557:
7478:
7452:Titanosaurus
7450:
7442:
7435:
7427:
7422:Loricosaurus
7420:
7415:Iuticosaurus
7413:
7406:
7399:
7392:
7384:
7352:Yamanasaurus
7350:
7343:
7336:
7329:
7322:
7314:
7307:
7299:
7293:Abditosaurus
7291:
7270:
7263:
7255:
7248:
7240:
7232:
7225:
7219:Abditosaurus
7217:
7196:
7189:
7181:
7174:
7151:Tapuiasaurus
7149:
7141:
7134:
7114:
7109:Titanomachya
7107:
7100:
7078:Puertasaurus
7076:
7069:
7064:Notocolossus
7062:
7055:
7049:Jiangxititan
7047:
7040:
7032:
7027:Drusilasaura
7025:
7018:
7011:Lognkosauria
6994:
6987:
6980:
6973:
6966:
6959:
6952:
6945:Aeolosaurini
6934:Rinconsaurus
6932:
6925:
6918:
6911:
6903:
6896:
6885:Rinconsauria
6872:
6866:Tengrisaurus
6864:
6859:Quetecsaurus
6857:
6850:
6842:
6835:
6828:
6821:
6814:
6790:
6783:
6749:
6742:
6737:Lohuecotitan
6735:
6728:
6723:Garrigatitan
6721:
6714:
6709:Ampelosaurus
6707:
6682:
6675:
6668:
6663:Uberabatitan
6661:
6656:Sonidosaurus
6654:
6647:
6640:
6633:
6627:Tengrisaurus
6625:
6617:
6610:
6603:
6598:Rapetosaurus
6596:
6589:
6582:
6574:
6567:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6539:
6534:Malawisaurus
6532:
6524:
6517:
6509:
6502:
6495:
6488:
6480:
6475:Huabeisaurus
6473:
6466:
6459:
6451:
6444:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6417:Choconsaurus
6415:
6410:Brasilotitan
6408:
6401:
6393:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6359:Atacamatitan
6357:
6352:Argyrosaurus
6350:
6343:
6335:
6328:
6320:
6315:Abdarainurus
6313:
6297:Titanosauria
6284:Titanosauria
6253:
6212:Titanosauria
6196:Wintonotitan
6194:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6142:
6137:Yongjinglong
6135:
6128:
6123:Tambatitanis
6121:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6092:
6087:Huanghetitan
6085:
6080:Huabeisaurus
6078:
6071:
6066:Gannansaurus
6064:
6057:
6050:
6044:Chiayusaurus
6042:
6034:
6014:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5950:
5943:
5938:Jiutaisaurus
5936:
5930:Jiangxititan
5928:
5923:Garumbatitan
5921:
5914:
5907:
5902:Dongbeititan
5900:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5874:Austrosaurus
5872:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5827:
5822:Venenosaurus
5820:
5813:
5808:Sonorasaurus
5806:
5799:
5794:Giraffatitan
5792:
5784:
5779:Cedarosaurus
5777:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5735:
5730:Pelorosaurus
5728:
5721:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5656:
5651:Camarasaurus
5649:
5629:
5623:Haestasaurus
5621:
5616:Europasaurus
5614:
5606:
5599:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5435:Diplodocinae
5424:Brontosaurus
5422:
5414:
5407:
5401:Amphicoelias
5399:
5383:Diplodocidae
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5308:Bajadasaurus
5306:
5299:
5294:Amargasaurus
5292:
5255:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5201:Rayososaurus
5199:
5192:
5185:
5158:Zapalasaurus
5156:
5151:Xenoposeidon
5149:
5142:
5135:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5105:
5098:
5093:Campananeyen
5091:
5086:Amazonsaurus
5084:
5077:
5042:
4983:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4849:Neosauropoda
4836:
4829:
4822:
4814:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4770:
4764:Haestasaurus
4762:
4754:
4747:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4620:
4613:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4572:Patagosaurus
4570:
4562:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4522:Volkheimeria
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4494:Perijasaurus
4492:
4487:Nebulasaurus
4485:
4478:
4471:
4466:Dystrophaeus
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4438:Barapasaurus
4436:
4429:
4424:Asiatosaurus
4422:
4415:
4385:
4378:
4357:
4349:
4344:Rhoetosaurus
4342:
4335:
4328:
4320:
4288:Lessemsaurus
4286:
4279:
4272:
4267:Antetonitrus
4265:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4116:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3958:
3953:Yizhousaurus
3951:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3914:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3841:Ignavusaurus
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3798:
3791:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3745:Ignavusaurus
3743:
3736:
3729:
3701:Yimenosaurus
3699:
3694:Plateosaurus
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3646:Xixiposaurus
3644:
3637:
3630:
3618:Plateosauria
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:Unaysauridae
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3405:Guaibasaurus
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3268:
3259:
3186:
3182:
3173:
3138:(1): 15â46.
3135:
3131:
3076:(1): 19602.
3073:
3069:
3059:
3022:
3018:
3008:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2951:(4): 12670.
2948:
2944:
2934:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2872:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2708:
2673:
2669:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2617:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2532:
2528:
2463:
2459:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2294:. Retrieved
2290:ScienceDaily
2289:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2263:
2254:
2243:. Retrieved
2218:. Retrieved
2214:the original
2203:
2178:
2174:
2087:
2083:
2019:
2006:
1983:
1979:Wilson, J.A.
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1858:
1854:Ouranosaurus
1852:
1844:
1838:
1833:
1812:
1789:Tegama Group
1780:
1779:
1772:Location of
1758:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1720:
1710:
1666:Head posture
1655:
1639:
1635:
1621:
1612:
1607:
1598:
1584:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1546:
1545:
1519:
1512:rhinoceroses
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1484:Mark Hallett
1481:palaeoartist
1461:
1459:
1451:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1370:
1301:
1300:
1284:
1283:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1215:
1214:
1198:
1197:
1174:
1173:
1159:Rayososaurus
1157:
1156:
1123:
1122:
1101:Zapalasaurus
1099:
1098:
1082:
1081:
1060:Amazonsaurus
1058:
1057:
1035:
1029:
1000:
994:
979:
977:
972:
948:
946:
937:diplodocoids
932:
879:
878:
858:
838:
837:
828:
821:ceratopsians
813:tooth crowns
810:
794:
790:transversely
780:frontal bone
773:
753:
751:
745:Skull cast,
728:
722:
702:
690:
688:
674:
668:
648:
644:
642:
621:
610:
585:
578:
568:
564:
563:
538:
536:
489:
473:
472:
443:
441:
431:
430:
324:
323:
322:
313:
305:
300:
284:
283:
266:
257:
256:
208:
192:
179:
166:
24:
18:
7756:Aptian life
7751:Albian life
7677:Wikispecies
7588:Nigersaurus
7582:Wikispecies
7558:Nigersaurus
7437:Microcoelus
7345:Saltasaurus
7331:Paralititan
7227:Alamosaurus
7116:Udelartitan
7071:Patagotitan
6968:Bravasaurus
6961:Arrudatitan
6954:Aeolosaurus
6920:Overosaurus
6852:Jainosaurus
6830:Bonitasaura
6751:Paludititan
6642:Traukutitan
6337:Angolatitan
6144:Yunmenglong
6109:Qiaowanlong
6002:Sibirotitan
5967:Oceanotitan
5909:Europatitan
5888:Brontomerus
5881:Brohisaurus
5853:Angolatitan
5786:Galvesaurus
5758:Abydosaurus
5723:Ornithopsis
5716:Fusuisaurus
5702:Eucamerotus
5601:Daanosaurus
5586:Aragosaurus
5487:Supersaurus
5409:Apatosaurus
5372:Tharosaurus
5243:Nigersaurus
5194:Limaysaurus
4955:Ultrasaurus
4831:Turiasaurus
4794:Moabosaurus
4787:Mierasaurus
4756:Bellusaurus
4740:Turiasauria
4680:Qijianglong
4644:Hudiesaurus
4622:Datousaurus
4542:Cetiosaurus
4501:Shunosaurus
4445:Bellusaurus
4417:Algoasaurus
4403:Eusauropoda
4351:Sanpasaurus
4304:Gravisauria
4224:Pulanesaura
4209:Isanosaurus
4181:Amygdalodon
4047:Pulanesaura
4005:Irisosaurus
3991:Anchisaurus
3971:Anchisauria
3945:Xingxiulong
3891:Xingxiulong
3884:Sarahsaurus
3800:Riojasaurus
3766:Sarahsaurus
3752:Kholumolumo
3595:Macrocollum
3533:Asylosaurus
3469:Nhandumirim
3446:Buriolestes
3412:Mbiresaurus
3384:Buriolestes
3187:Nigersaurus
3183:Nigersaurus
3174:Nigersaurus
2925:11336/62982
2430:: 227â244.
1909:Anatosuchus
1903:Sarcosuchus
1889:Eocarcharia
1869:ornithopods
1845:Nigersaurus
1840:Lurdusaurus
1825:floodplains
1813:Nigersaurus
1781:Nigersaurus
1754:Nigersaurus
1749:Nigersaurus
1721:Nigersaurus
1656:Nigersaurus
1640:Nigersaurus
1636:Nigersaurus
1632:angiosperms
1613:Nigersaurus
1608:Nigersaurus
1599:Nigersaurus
1580:Nigersaurus
1571:Nigersaurus
1547:Nigersaurus
1520:Nigersaurus
1504:Nigersaurus
1492:Nigersaurus
1488:Nigersaurus
1462:Nigersaurus
1452:Nigersaurus
1404:Limaysaurus
1400:Nigersaurus
1392:Nigersaurus
1388:Nigersaurus
1381:Nigersaurus
1262:Nigersaurus
1217:Limaysaurus
1036:Nigersaurus
1030:Below is a
1001:Nigersaurus
973:Nigersaurus
961:diplodocids
949:Nigersaurus
933:Nigersaurus
880:Nigersaurus
859:Nigersaurus
849:transverse
839:Nigersaurus
829:Nigersaurus
795:Nigersaurus
774:Nigersaurus
770:prognathous
754:Nigersaurus
703:Nigersaurus
691:Nigersaurus
685:Description
675:Nigersaurus
665:titanosaurs
649:Nigersaurus
645:Nigersaurus
630:Darth Vader
622:Nigersaurus
579:Nigersaurus
565:Nigersaurus
551:Paul Sereno
539:Nigersaurus
507:angiosperms
490:Nigersaurus
474:Nigersaurus
464:pneumatised
444:Nigersaurus
325:Nigersaurus
258:Nigersaurus
25:Nigersaurus
7740:Categories
7338:Rocasaurus
7265:Qunkasaura
7234:Baurutitan
6996:Shingopana
6823:Baalsaurus
6670:Volgatitan
6605:Rukwatitan
6569:Nullotitan
6555:Ninjatitan
6490:Kaijutitan
6461:Gandititan
6424:Daxiatitan
6387:Baurutitan
6330:Andesaurus
6221:see belowâ
5916:Fukuititan
5860:Arkharavia
5815:Soriatitan
5765:Atlasaurus
5737:Rugocaudia
5695:Duriatitan
5631:Yuzhoulong
5579:Abrosaurus
5561:Macronaria
5548:Macronaria
5472:Kaatedocus
5465:Galeamopus
5458:Diplodocus
5444:Barosaurus
5351:Pilmatueia
5344:Lingwulong
5337:Kaatedocus
5257:Tataouinea
5169:Khebbashia
5144:Sidersaura
4874:Macronaria
4824:Tendaguria
4808:Oplosaurus
4772:Janenschia
4673:Omeisaurus
4549:Chebsaurus
4473:Janenschia
4387:Vulcanodon
4330:Kotasaurus
4281:Ledumahadi
4074:see belowâ
4033:Meroktenos
3849:Leyesaurus
3738:Gyposaurus
3602:Unaysaurus
3561:Pantydraco
3526:Arcusaurus
3492:Saturnalia
3325:see belowâ
3273:Dinosauria
3255:Sauropsida
2833:: 104191.
2245:2007-11-16
2220:2013-12-19
1944:References
1932:, fish, a
1930:chelonians
1883:Suchomimus
1865:titanosaur
1834:After the
1797:Gadoufaoua
1774:Gadoufaoua
1628:horsetails
1619:browsers.
1604:herbaceous
1566:Diplodocus
1449:CT-scanned
1303:Tataouinea
996:Tataouinea
991:Tethys Sea
967:subfamily
855:keratinous
817:hadrosaurs
573:, another
503:horsetails
456:keratinous
423:Gadoufaoua
415:Cretaceous
186:Saurischia
173:Dinosauria
7573:Q18511062
7301:Bonatitan
7183:Isisaurus
6989:Punatitan
6468:Hamititan
6446:Elaltitan
6395:Bonatitan
6116:Silutitan
6073:Gobititan
6059:Euhelopus
5801:Lusotitan
5494:Tornieria
5480:Leinkupal
5365:Suuwassea
5079:Agustinia
4927:Dinodocus
4920:Cardiodon
4651:Jingiella
4600:Anhuilong
4163:Sauropoda
4150:Sauropoda
4065:Sauropoda
4040:Mussaurus
3998:Camelotia
3877:Pradhania
3717:Massopoda
3484:Panphagia
3426:Panphagia
3241:Kingdom:
2855:201321631
2405:221404013
2389:1469-185X
2348:129846042
2296:20 August
2270:20 August
1926:pterosaur
1894:noasaurid
1873:theropods
1805:sediments
1733:inner ear
1717:prototype
1703:prototype
1660:flamingos
1575:maxillary
1528:cartilage
1473:theropods
1032:cladogram
965:eponymous
957:basalmost
843:lower jaw
758:fenestrae
695:quadruped
643:Numerous
555:pneumatic
515:theropods
482:eponymous
460:tetrapods
452:fenestrae
278:Species:
218:Sauropoda
146:Kingdom:
140:Eukaryota
7697:47459014
7662:Wikidata
7602:47459013
7567:Wikidata
7309:Ibirania
6975:Caieiria
6785:Inawentu
5988:Ruixinia
5829:Vouivria
5688:Astrodon
4941:Neosodon
4431:Bagualia
4274:Ingentia
3984:Aardonyx
3931:Qianlong
3759:Musankwa
3731:Gryponyx
3639:Ruehleia
3554:Nambalia
3547:Efraasia
3454:Eoraptor
3391:Eoraptor
3249:Chordata
3247:Phylum:
3243:Animalia
3189:skeleton
3110:33177568
3051:23940837
3025:: e124.
2763:25923211
2723:PLOS ONE
2700:23836048
2676:: 2080.
2569:21494685
2529:PLOS ONE
2500:23874921
2460:PLOS ONE
2397:32869488
2195:10558986
2124:18030355
2084:PLOS ONE
1981:(eds.).
1938:bivalves
1934:hybodont
1877:Kryptops
1809:horizons
1776:in Niger
1725:endocast
1644:conifers
1591:quadrate
1587:adductor
1508:CT-scans
1506:through
1477:cerebrum
1402:than to
1026:, Sydney
1005:Gondwana
711:elephant
663:, or to
626:Mesozoic
590:holotype
575:sauropod
559:air sacs
495:riparian
468:air sacs
448:elephant
411:sauropod
237:Family:
160:Chordata
156:Phylum:
150:Animalia
136:Domain:
7710:4967485
7668:Q131407
7628:4126383
7615:4821801
6345:Arackar
4749:Amanzia
4593:Analong
4480:Jobaria
3938:Seitaad
3253:Class:
3101:7658238
3078:Bibcode
3042:3740149
2953:Bibcode
2835:Bibcode
2754:4414570
2731:Bibcode
2678:Bibcode
2560:3071828
2537:Bibcode
2491:3714237
2468:Bibcode
2328:Bibcode
2175:Science
2115:2077925
2092:Bibcode
1801:fluvial
1795:called
1787:of the
1737:occiput
1731:of its
1642:fed on
1551:browser
920:laminae
655:and in
594:scapula
586:taqueti
570:Jobaria
402:) is a
312:Sereno
303:†
282:†
250:Genus:
6874:Vahiny
6635:Tiamat
6052:Erketu
3870:Ngwevu
3108:
3098:
3049:
3039:
2879:
2853:
2761:
2751:
2698:
2567:
2557:
2498:
2488:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2346:
2292:. 2007
2266:. 2007
2193:
2122:
2112:
2026:
1994:
1918:, and
1886:, and
1821:Albian
1817:Aptian
1699:Sereno
1648:cycads
1630:, and
1617:canopy
1602:soft,
1555:facets
1475:. The
924:pelvic
912:centra
904:septum
900:sacrum
886:dorsal
825:enamel
693:was a
657:Brazil
632:and a
505:, and
316:, 1999
314:et al.
267:et al.
264:Sereno
7723:57367
7641:57366
3269:Clade
3260:Clade
3019:PeerJ
2851:S2CID
2401:S2CID
2344:S2CID
2241:. NPR
2171:(PDF)
2016:(PDF)
1988:(PDF)
1900:like
1650:, or
1624:ferns
851:ramus
786:fossa
737:Skull
707:femur
699:clade
661:taxon
499:ferns
427:Niger
425:, in
404:genus
209:Clade
193:Clade
180:Clade
167:Clade
7705:GBIF
7610:GBIF
7176:Igai
3680:Issi
3302:see
3106:PMID
3047:PMID
2877:ISBN
2759:PMID
2696:PMID
2565:PMID
2496:PMID
2393:PMID
2385:ISSN
2298:2023
2272:2023
2191:PMID
2120:PMID
2024:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1819:and
1585:The
1563:and
926:and
819:and
727:and
517:and
271:1999
43:Preê
7692:EoL
7597:EoL
4838:Zby
3150:hdl
3140:doi
3096:PMC
3086:doi
3037:PMC
3027:doi
2994:doi
2961:doi
2920:hdl
2910:doi
2843:doi
2831:104
2805:hdl
2797:doi
2793:185
2749:PMC
2739:doi
2686:doi
2640:doi
2603:doi
2599:161
2555:PMC
2545:doi
2486:PMC
2476:doi
2432:doi
2375:doi
2336:doi
2183:doi
2179:286
2110:PMC
2100:doi
1831:).
1827:(a
733:.
406:of
347:ÉÉr
7742::
7720::
7707::
7694::
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7664::
7638::
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